70th Congress, 2d Session -- - - House Document No. 353, Part I ANNUAL REPORTS, WAR' DEPARTMENT FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1928 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS U. S. ARMY 1928 IN TWO PARTS PART 1 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON 1928 - I ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS UNITED STATES ARMY 1928 1 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS UNITED STATES ARMY WAR DEPARTMENT, OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, Washington, October 2, 1928. Subject: Annual Report. To: Secretary of War. I present for your information the following report upon the river and harbor improvement work under charge of the Corps of Engineers for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1928: RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS The policy of improving the rivers and harbors of the United States under Federal direction and with Federal funds was inaugu- rated by Congress about 1824. The work has been practically con- tinuous since that time and has been executed principally under the direction of the Corps of Engineers. The program now in force contemplates the improvement of the more important rivers and harbors of continental United States and of the more important harbors of Porto Rico, Alaska, and the Hawaiian Islands. The number of works in hand at the beginning of the fiscal year was as follows: Numbers of harbors under improvement, 200. Number of rivers under improvement, 292. Number of canals and other waterways under improvement, 49. The total amount expended on the work for the year was $70,197,018.13. The commerce reported amounted in the aggregate to 532,500,000 tons, valued at $25,555,000,000, and the transportation of 360,350,550 passengers. Flood control.-The question of insuring adequate protection against floods for the alluvial valley of the Mississippi River was worked out during the fiscal year. The Mississippi River Commission submitted a report to the department giving data on the subject and proposing a plan of im- provement. The spillway board submitted its report on a plan for flood control below the mouth of Red River. One special board to study diversions, another to study reservoirs, and another to study navigation, all submitted their reports. 4 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 All the reports referred to above were reviewed and coordinated in this office by a board of engineers corresponding to, and making full use of the organization and facilities of, the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, and on December 1, 1927, a report was sub- mitted by me setting forth the Army Engineer plan for the revision of the Mississippi flood-control project. This plan provided a solu- tion and a Federal program for this perplexing problem. After months of consideration the project recommended with certain modi- fications was adopted in the flood control act approved May 15, 1928, with the proviso that a board to consist of the Chief of Engineers, the president of the Mississippi River Commission, and an engineer from civil life should consider certain engineering features of the adopted project and make recommendations to the President in regard thereto. Mr. Carleton W. Sturtevant was appointed the civilian member of the board. On June 19, 1928, the board met at St. Louis, Mo., and proceeded to make an inspection of the alluvial valley, holding public hearings at places convenient to those localities which would be affected by its decisions. The board was engaged in this inspection at the end of the fiscal year. The plan set forth in the adopted project proposes to protect the alluvial valley of the Mississippi, consisting of the St. Francis, the Yazoo, the Tensas, and the Atchafalaya Basins, as well as the allu- vial lands around Lake Pontchartrain, from the maximum flood predicted as possible. This is to be done by raising existing levees about 3 feet and strengthening them greatly and by permitting flood waters in excess of what the leveed channel will safely carry to find their way to the Gulf through the natural floodways in the lowlands of the basins adjacent to the river, which lowlands have always carried excess flood waters. Protecting levees are to be constructed on the edges of these natural floodways so as to restrain the w'aters within them and to protect the good lands outside. These protecting levees are to be located so as to reclaim the maximum amount of land that is economically justified, and where there are already such levees (for example, in the Atchafalaya Basin) the project contemplates using the same levees but strengthening them. The excess flood waters will not spill into the side lowlands until they have reached a dangerous stage in the main leveed channel, so that the lands within the floodways will be subject to overflow only during great floods. In general, they will retain protection equal or greater than they now have and can be used as now, being left available for extraordi- nary floods, which occur only once in from 10 to 15 years. The city of New Orleans is to be given additional protection by a controlled spillway emptying into Lake Pontchartrain from the river above the city. The adopted project also provides for revetting to stabilize the river channel and prevent excessive caving of banks. The navigable channel is to be retained and insured by dredging and by contraction works. The flood-control act, in addition to the plan for control of floods in the alluvial valley, makes provision for flood-control work on the tributaries and outlets in so far as they are affected by backwater of the Mississippi; for an emergency fund to be used in rescue work or in the repair or maintenance of any flood-control work on any RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS 5 tributaries threatened or destroyed by flood, including the flood of 1927; and for examinations, surveys, and projects to be made as speedily as possible for flood control on the tributary streams. Appropriations made by Congress for the fiscal year 1929 make available $25,000,000 for carrying out the provisions of the flood- control act approved May 15, 1928, and $2,000,000 for allotment for execution of the comprehensive surveys of streams throughout the United States in the interest of flood control, navigation, power development, and irrigation under the provisions of the river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927. I am pleased to state that at the close of the fiscal year covered by this report work on the flood control program outlined above had already been started. During the fiscal year 1929 this work will be prosecuted vigorously, having due regard to the thoroughness, effi- ciency, and economy which its importance demands. Appropriations.-The funds with which the works for the im- provement of rivers and harbors,were prosecuted during the past fiscal year were derived from the appropriations made by river and harbor acts, and from such appropriations as have been provided by other general acts and by special acts of Congress. The following works are provided for by permanent appropria- tions: Removing sunken vessels; operating snag and dredge boats on upper Mississippi River and tributaries; removing obstructions in Mississippi River; gauging waters of the Mississippi River and its tributaries; examinations and surveys at South Pass, Mississippi River; maintenance of South Pass Channel, Mississippi River; oper- ating snag boats on Ohio River; operating and care of canals, etc.; and support and maintenance of the Permanent International Association of the Congresses of Navigation. Appropriations for rivers and harbors during fiscal year 1928: War Department appropriation act of Mar. 23, 1928- Flood control, Mississippi River ___ $10, 000, 000. 00 Flood control, Sacramento River, Calif_--------------------------- 400, 000. 00 Flood relief, Mississippi River______ 1,500, 000. 00 Maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works__ 55, 886, 310. 00 Reimbursement of funds advanced by city of Miami, Fla -__-_____- 605, 000.00 $68, 391, 310. 00 First deficiency act, Dec. 22, 1927- Claims for damages by collision, river and harbor works ---------- 1, 317.20 Purchase of Cape Cod Canal ______ 5, 500, 000. 00 Emergency flood control, Mississippi River --------------------------- 7, 000, 000. 00 Examinations, surveys, and contin- gencies of rivers and "harbors----. 50, 000.00 12, 551, 317. 20 Second deficiency act, May 29, 1928- Claims for damages by collision, river and harbor works- --------- 2, 207. 23 Flood control, Mississippi River and ............... tributaries----- 14, 000, 000. 00 Emergency fund for flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River_ 1, 000, 000. 00 15, 002, 207. 23 6 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Appropriations for rivers and harbors during fiscal year 1928---Continued. Public Resolution No. 44, Seventieth Congress, May 16, 1928-- Flood protection on White River, Woodruff and Mon- roe Counties, Ark ___-_- $25, 000. 00 Permanent annual appropriations ___ 297, 600. 00 96, 267, 434. 43 Indefinite appropriations (warrants is- sued during fiscal year 1928)- Operating and care of canals, etc____ $5, 384, 678. 66 Removing sunken vessels, etc_---- 300, 050. 10 5, 684, 728. 76 Special fund (credits to account from licenses under Federal water power act, June 10, 1920, sec. 17)- Maintenance and operations of dams and other im- provements to navigable waters 141, 720. 74 Related works- Expenses of California Debris Commission-War De- partment act, Mar. 23, 1928. --------------------- 15, 000. 00 Total ---- ,-- 102, 108, 883. 93 Total appropriations for rivers and harbors from report for 1927------------------------------ 1, 445, 075, 840. 19 Grand total-------- -------------------------- 1, 547,184, 724. 12 The foregoing statement does not include appropriations for Dam No. 2, Muscle Shoals, Ala., as follows: Total appropriations to June 30, 1927----------- -------- $48, 359, 744.30 War Department appropriation act, Mar. 23, 1928 (maintenance and operation) ---------------------------------------- 275, 000. 00 Total to June 30, 1928---------------------------- 48, 634, 744. 30 The following amounts have been advanced by local interests for river and harbor improvements under the provisions of section 11, river and harbor act, March 3, 1925, and are returnable to the same interests as the necessary Government funds are available: Balance Amounts Amounts Balance due from received returned due from United United Project District States during during States fiscal fiscal year July 1, year June 30, 1927 1928 Louisiana and Texas Intracoastal Galveston-.... . $40, 000 $40, 000. Waterway (Sabine River-Galves- ton Bay). Louisiana and Texas Intracoastal New Orleans- .... $10, 000 12, 000 ------------ $22, 000 Waterway (New Orleans-Sabine River). Mississippi River between Baton ----- do -- ---- 15, 000 ------------ 15, 000 Rouge and New Orleans, La. Miami Harbor, Fla .___..__________ Jacksonville-...... 1, 105, 000 -------- 1,105, 000 Intracoastal Waterwayf rom Jackson- .-. do _- - - - 10, 000 10, 000 ---------- ville to Miami, Fla. San Joaquin River and Stockton Chan- San Francisco, sec- 13, 000 14, 000 ........------....--- 27, 000 nel, Calif. ond district. Sacramento River, Calif__...._-_-.- _ do._ _ _-- . o 10, 000 10, 000 Olympia Harbor, Wash_ .-. - Seattle............ 70, 000 .... . 70,000 - - Mississippi River at Hastings, Minn__ St. Paul......... 30, 000 ......--------.... 30,000 Umpqua Harbor and River, Oreg .. Portland-__ ... 20, 000 30, 000 50, 000 ---------- Mississippi River at Moline, Ill -..- Rock Island-...... -.------ 40, 000 40, 000 --------- St. Marys River, Mich.....__......... Detroit- _... .. 2,000 2,000 Kahului Harbor, Hawaii . __....._ Honolulu....- --.... ..... ..... 1, 000 ------------ 1, 000 174,00 1357,00 .6,00 1,24,000 Total.................... ....... _____ 1,248,000/ lzesoa 174,000 1 1, 357, 00 65, 00L I l 1 I 1 RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS Expenditures.-The total amount actually expended under the direction of the Chief of Engineers in connection with the improve- ment of rivers and harbors during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1928, is as follows: Improvement of rivers and harbors (general) : New work ------- ----------------------------- $30, 478, 363.83 Maintenance --------------------------- 19, 729, 169. 13 Total ------------------------------------------ 50, 207, 532. 96 Improvement of Mississippi River under Missis- sippi River Commission: New work (general) ------------------- $7, 985, 392. 23 New work (Surveys for control of excess flood waters below Point Breeze, La., authorized by Public Resolution No. 134, April 17, 1926, expended in 1927 and 1928)_ 40,879. 15 8, 026, 271. 38 Maintenance--------------------------------------5, 016, 367. 00 Total -------------------- 13, 042, 638. 38 Improvement of Sacramento River under California Debris Commission (flood control) : New work----------------------------------------- 398, 622. 79 Maintenance __------------ ------------- - 38, 943. 39 Total -------------------------------------------- 437, 566. 18 Summary : New work------- ----------------------- 38, 903, 258. 00 Maintenance----- ---------------------- 24, 784, 479. 52 Aggregate ------------------------------------- 63, 687,\737. 52 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors ----------------------------------------- 322, 550. 96 Preliminary examinations and surveys for flood control, Alle- gheny and Monongahela Rivers___ ____---------------- 6, 356. 60 Removing sunken vessels---------------------------------- 358, 380. 03 Operating and care of canals __---------------------___ 5, 527, 159. 15 Operating snag and dredge boats on upper Mississippi River and tributaries ______-------------- 26, 165.07 Removing obstructions in Mississippi, Atchafalaya and Old Rivers ---- -------------- --- 98, 766. 67 Examinations and surveys at South Pass, Mississippi River... 9, 678. 72 Maintenance of South Pass Channel, Mississippi River_ .___.. 98, 666.87 Gauging waters on the Mississippi River and its tributaries.... 9, 450. 00 Operating snag boats on the Ohio River_ __----------------- 35, 121, 52 Permanent International Association of Congresses of Navi- gation-------------------------------------------- 1, 941. 85 Expenses of California Debris Commission -------------- 15, 043. 17 Total expenditures from Government funds (river and harbor works) 70, 197, 018. 13 harbor works) ------------------------------------- 70,197,018.13 NOTE.-Additional expenditures made by the Mississippi River Commission are included in the amount stated for- Gauging waters of the Mississippi River and its tributaries_ 9, 100. 00 The foregoing statement of expenditures from river and harbor funds does not include expenditures made by the Engineer department from appropriations for the following works: Dam No. 2, Muscle Shoals, Ala. (construction)----------- 473, 797. 37 Maintenance and operation Dam No. 2, Muscle Shoals, Ala -- ----------------------------------- 238, 820. 18 Total- ------------------------------ 712, 617. 55 8 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Expenditures have also been made from funds contributed by States, municipalities, and private parties for improvements, as follows : New work Mainte- nance Total Saco River, Me-----------....----------------------------$20, 000. 00 ..-----------.........$20, 000. 00 Cypress Bayou and waterway between Jefferson, Tex., and Shreveport, La .........................------------------------------------------------ $324. 35 324. 35 Port Aransas Harbor, Tex .-----... . ---- -------................... 3,069. 32 3, 069. 32 Nome Harbor, Alaska__,- -_-------- __-------..-.----- ___ ..- 2, 500. 00 2, 500.00 Missouri River: At Sheep Nose Bend, Mo_------- 19, 090. 54 --................---- .......------------ 19, 090. 54 . Near Cote San Dessein, Mo---___-------.---.----- --- 10, 000. 00 ------.---- 10, 00 000. In Bakers Bend, M o --.. -........... .------------ .... 6, 197. 45-- 6, 197. 45 At Kansas City, Mo-__ -- .................................... 3, 000.00 3, 000. 00 Near Bellfountain Bridge, Mo ..--.-- ....--------------.. 20, 000. 00 _-------.-. 20, 000. 00 Near Boonville, Mo--..-----_--...-------.------- -....16, 250. 00----------. 16, 250. 00 Near Miami, Mo-- ..-__....----------------....... 16, 000. 00 .- ___-------. 16, 000. 00 In Sni Bend, Mo- .... .___ ..---------------------- .... 40, 000.00 .... -- - 40, 000. 00 Flood control, Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers----....- -.... 17, 459. 38-------- _ 17, 459. 38 Yaquina Bay and Harbor, Oreg----------------__-- -- 8, 282. 64- -__2 8,282. 64 Columbia and lower Willamette Rivers-__------- .- - _---. 20, 000. 00 _ 20, 000. 00 Richmond Harbor, Calif- .............. ------------- 186, 439. 75 3, 776. 14 190, 215. 89 Sacramento and Feather Rivers, Calif- . _. . ...... ...... ------- .. .. 5, 018.71 5,018. 71 San Joaquin River and Stockton Channel, Calif ..----------- ---------- 8, 262. 47 8, 262. 47 Salem River, N. J_-__--------------.....__...... .. ! ---- 34, 438.95 -- 34, 438.95 4010.7 Total_ ------------------------------------------- 422, 421.18 17, 688. 52 440, 109.70 Under Mississippi River Commission: Improvement of Mississippi River, Yazoo-Mississippi Delta levee district .------------------------------------- 313, 132. 88 ---. , 5. 313, 132. 88 Flood control, Mississippi River... - .........----- -- . 1, 354, 183. 09 394, 154. 63 1, 748, 337. 72 ............ ............ Total............-___-....__-_-___ 1, 667, 315. 97 394, 154. 63 2,061,470. 60 Under California Debris Commission: Flood control, Sacramento River, Calif _.................... 312, 676. 21 30, 546. 85 343, 223. 06 Grand total of contributed funds................... 2, 02413.36 442, 390. 00 2,40....... 2, 844, 803. 36 The War Department appropriation act approved April 15, 1926, made a lump-sum appropriation of $50,000,000 for river and harbor improvements throughout the country. Certain allotments, amount- ing to $49,900,000, were made from the appropriation and reported in previous annual reports, leaving an unallotted balance of $100,000. In addition certain sums previously allotted have been withdrawn and reallotted as follows: Amount unallotted as shown in Annual Report for 1927 $100, 000. 00 Amounts withdrawn for reallotment elsewhere 989. 21 1------------------42, 242, 989. 21 Allotted to- Toledo Harbor, Ohio--------------------------- $12, 000. 00 Delaware River, Philadelphia to the sea-------- 2, 500. 00 New Haven Harbor, Conn---------------------- 55,000. 00 --- Ohio River lock and dam construction---___ 50, 000. 00 119, 500. 00 Balance unallotted-------------------------------------- 23,489. 21 The War Department appropriation act approved February 23, 1927, made a lump-sum appropriation of $50,000,000 for river and harbor improvements throughout the country. Certain allotments, amounting to $43,096,995, were made from this appropriation and reported in the Annual Report for 1927, leaving an unallotted bal- RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS 9 ance of $6,903,005. In addition, certain sums previously allotted have been withdrawn and reallotted as follows: Amount unallotted as shown in Annual Report for 1927 .- . $6, 903, 005. 00 Amounts withdrawn for reallotment elsewhere--------------- 9, 609, 209. 80 16, 512, 214. 80 Allotted to-- Ohio River lock and dam construction-------- $125, 400.00 Leipsic River, Del_--______ __-_______----_ 524. 00 Pay Roll, Office, Chief of Engineers ---------- 376, 700. 00 Pawtucket (Seekonk) River, R. IL_____--_ 4, 000. 00 Crisfield Harbor, Md-----------------------_ 42, 000. 00 Chester River, Md-------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Providence River and Harbor, R. I_______- - 25, 000. 00 Wabash River, Ind________________--___-- 15, 000.00 Beaufort Harbor, N. C ---------------------- 142, 439. 73 Oklawaha River, Fla___________________ _ 29, 400. 00 Deep River, Wash------------------ -------- 8, 000. 00 Red River, below Fulton, Ark 115,000. 00 Inland waterway from Delaware River to Chesapeake Bay, Del. and Md ------------- 596, 664. 20 St. Marys River, Mich __ ---------------- 24, 408. 19 Onancock River, Va__ ___-___________---__-- 20, 000. 00 White Lake Harbor, Mich-........ __ _ 15, 000. 00 St. Lucie Inlet, Fla_---------------------- 50, 000. 00 Brazos Island Harbor, Tex------------------ 70, 000. 00 Flood Control, Mississippi River------------ 2, 000, 000. 00 Missouri River, Kansas City to mouth--- 1, 570, 000. 00 Bayou Teche, La ____..____ .- ___ -____. 25, 058. 88 Detroit River, Mich_ ..... 8, 279. 65 Houston Ship Channel, Tex 765, Q72. 99 Smyrna River, Del _________--____ __-- 7, 000. 00 Weymouth Fore River, Mass___-- - __--_ 7, 400. 00 Waterway from Charleston to Winyah Bay, S. C ------------------------------------- 60,000. 00 Camden Harbor, Me1__---_- -__ ____- 1, 200. 00 Moosabec Reach, Me--- ______________- 1, 200. 00 Warroad Harbor and River, Minn----------- 10, 000. 00 Los Angeles Harbor, Calif ----------------- 250, 000. 00 St. Andrews Bay, Fla-- -____-__-____--- 15, 000. 00 Apalachicola River, the Cut-off, Lee Slough and Lower Chipola River, Fla------------ 3, 500. 00 Harbor of Refuge at Harbor Beach, Mich___ 10, 000. 00 Tacoma Harbor, Wash_ _____ ____ ____ 12, 000. 00 Sabine-Neches Waterway, Tex- --- _______- 133, 815. 64 Lake of the Woods, Minn., investigation of claims------------------------------------ 11, 500. 00 Grays Harbor and Bar, Wash __ _____-__- - 427, 595. 00 Survey of Tennessee River----------------- 5, 000. 00 Beverly Harbor, Mass- -------.- ________- 1, 600. 00 Winyah Bay, S. C ------------------------ 114, 017. 37 Richmond Harbor, Calif--------------------- 10, 000. 00 Little River, Del---- ------------ _______- 7, 300. 00 Chicago Harbor, Ill- 119, 521. 27 Duluth-Superior Harbor, Minn. and Wis------ 189, 868. 83 Breakwater at Isle of Shoals, Me. and N. H__ 15, 500. 00 Ouachita and Black Rivers, Ark. and La ____ 28, 000. 00 Ponce Harbor, P. R__------------------- 28, 000. 00 Survey of Northern and Northwestern Lakes- 12, 000. 00 Cape Fear River, N. C., above Wilmington... 19, 198. 00 Brunswick Harbor, Ga --------------- __ -35, 000. 00 Suwannee River, Fla- __ -10, _____---- 000. 00 St. Francis and L'Anguille Rivers and Black- fish Bayou, Ark--------------- 2, 500. 00 Arkansas River, Ark ------------ - 4, 700. 00 San Francisco Harbor, Calif-------------- 1, 184, 000. 00 10 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Allotted to-Continued. New York Harbor, N. Y _ ________-_____ $1,184,000.00 Mississippi River, Missouri River to Minneap- olis, Minn--___----------------------------- 350, 000. 00 Milwaukee Harbor, Wis-__ _____-___- 752, 778. 88 Fox River, Wis ----------------------------- 10, 267. 92 Inland waterway from Norfolk, Va., to Beau- fort Inlet, N. C_---------------------------- 181, 800. 00 Pawcatuck River, R. I., and Conn------------ 2, 900. 00 Flint River, Ga----------------------------- 13, 000. 00 Potomac River below Washington, D. C------- 70, 000. 00 Duluth-Superior Harbor, Minn. and Wis ___-.. 17, 000. 00 Houston Ship Channel, Tex___ - _______- 200, 000. 00 Norfolk Harbor, Va _____________________ 457, 943. 05 Louisiana-Texas Intracoastal Waterway, New Orleans-Sabine River section 8, 668. 34 Southwest Pass, Mississippi River------------ 1, 614. 09 Amite River and Bayou Manchac, La --------- 4, 000. 00 Chicago River, Ill--------------------------- 1, 000. 00 Mobile Harbor, -Ala __________ __--__ _____ 439, 290. 00 Tennessee River from Hales Bar to Browns Island------------------------------------ 18, 000. 00 Wrangell Narrows, Alaska________-- __-___- 85, 000. 00 Miami Harbor (Biscayne Bay), Fla ________ 183, 000. 00 Gulfport Harbor and Ship Island Pass, Miss__ 48, 850. 60 Cleveland Harbor, Ohio ____- - 134, 656. 99 -___________ Buffalo Harbor, N. Y ----------------------- 57, 000. 00 Bayou Plaquemine Brule, La ------ 12, 000. 00 Broadkill River, Del --------------- - 375. 00 Alloway Creek, N. J-------__ --- ___-_____ ' 400. 00 Appoquinimink River, Del--__-__-____ 375. 00 Chester River, Pa__ _ 250. 00 Maurice River, N. J_- ___-______-____- -- 375. 00 Cooper River, N J--------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Absecon Inlet, N. J____--- __-_______--- 300. 00 Absecon Creek, N J------------------------- 4, 000.00 Mispillion River, Del _________-_______- 375. 00 Saugatuck River and Kalamazoo River, Mich_ 15, 000. 00 Savannah Harbor, Ga_____________________ 1, 184, 000. 00 Connecticut River above Hartford, Conn_____ 500. 00 Potomac River at Washington, D. C;---------- 190, 965. 15 Big Sunflower River, Miss___- -___ -______15, 200. 00 Harbor of Refuge at Harbor Beach, Mich__. 3, 500. 00 Channel from Aransas Pass to Corpus Christi, Tex -------------------------------------- 287, 291. 10 St. Petersburg Harbor, Fla ____- ---___ - 475, 00 Kissimmee River, Fla ___________-2, 000. 00 Orange River, Fla-------------------------- 175.00 Cambridge Harbor, Md ----------------------- 15, 000. 00 Cheboygan Harbor, Mich-------------------- 250. 00 Seattle Harbor, Wash----------------------- 106, 000. 00 Freeport Harbor, Tex----------------------- 500, 000. 00 Apalachicola Bay, Fla----------------------- 35, 000. 00 Portage Lake Harbor, Mich____ --- ,,- ___- 5, 000.00 Monongahela River, Pa. and W. Va--------- 242, 780. 00 $15,516,719.87 Balance unallotted------------------------------------------- 995, 494. 93 The War Department appropriation act approved March 23, 1928, contained the following provisions: That the following sums are appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the military and nonmilitary activities of the War Department for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1929, and for other purposes, namely : * * * * * * * RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS 11 RIVERS AND HARBORS To be immediately available and to be expended under the direction of the Secretary of War and the supervision of the Chief of Engineers: S * * * * * * For the preservation and maintenance of existing river and harbor works, and for the prosecution of such projects heretofore authorized as may be most desirable in the interest of commerce and navigation; for survey of northern and northwestern lakes, Lake of the Woods, and other boundary and connecting waters between the said lake and Lake Superior, Lake Champlain, and the natural navigable waters embraced in the navigation system of the New York canals, including all necessary expenses for preparing, correcting, extending, printing, binding, and issuing charts and bulletins and of investigating lake levels with a view to their regulation; for examinations, surveys, and con- tingencies of rivers and harbors, provided that no funds shall be expended for any preliminary examination, survey, project, or estimate not authorized by law, and for the prevention of obstructive and injurious deposits within the harbor and adjacent waters of New York City, for pay of inspectors, deputy inspectors, crews, and office force, and for maintenance of patrol fleet and expenses of office, $55,886,310. From this lump-sum appropriation the following-named sums have been allotted to the localities indicated: Boston Harbor, Mass-------------------------------------- $50, 000 Dorchester Bay and Neponset River, Mass ----------- 27,200 Pawtucket (Seekonk) River, R. I__ - -_____________ 68, 000 Harbor of Refuge at Block Island, R. I__------------------------ 10, 000 Thames River, Conn_ __- - - -- - _________--- - -- -- 285, 000 Connecticut River below Hartford, Conn---__----------------- 17, 000 Bridgeport Harbor, Conn_____.._______-.--- -_ 25,000 Southport Harbor, Conn _____- -_________ ____ 1, 000 Norwalk Harbor, Conn_ __ _-__- ____---___ _- -65, 000 East Chester Creek, N. Y- ....-------- ---------- 25, 000 Great South Bay, N. Y--------------------------------------- 12, 000 Jamaica Bay, N. Y---------------------------------------- 800, 000 New York Harbor, N. Y-___-- ___--___-___________ - - - 125, 000 Coney Island Channel, N. Y _______________ -______- 13, 000 Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels, N. Y-----------_ ----- __- _ 175, 000 East River, N. Y------1,--------- ------------------------- 200, 000 Newtown Creek, N. Y- 100, 000 Harlem River, N. Y--------------------------------------- 250, 000 Hudson River Channel, N. Y--------------------------------- 40, 000 Hudson River, N. Y-------------------------------------- 1, 700, 000 Newark Bay, Hackensack and Passaic Rivers, N. ---------------- 468, 500 New York and New Jersey Channels----------------520, 000 Elizabeth River, N. J --------------------------------------- 8, 000 South River, N. J ------------------------------------- 8,000 8, Delaware River, Philadelphia to the sea ---------------- 2, 150, 000 Delaware River at Camden, N. J -------- 40, 000 Maurice River, N. J---------------------------------------- 15, 000 Wilmington Harbor, Del_ -- -_________________-____ -- -_ 125, 000 Inland waterway from Delaware River to Chesapeake Bay, Del. and Md---------------------------------------------- 1, 000, 000 Inland waterway from Chincoteague Bay, Va., to Delaware Bay, Del ------------------------------------------------ 500 Baltimore Harbor and Channels, Md___ ---------------------- 155, 000 Potomac River at Washington, D. C_-- -- - - - ___-- __--100, 000 Occoquan Creek, Va ---------------------------------- -- 1, 000 Rappahannock River, Va------------------------------------- 13, 000 Mulberry Creek, Va -------------------------------------- 2, 50() Urbanna Creek, Va--------------------------- --------------- 8, 000 Mattaponi River, Va -------------------------------------- 1,000 Pamunkey River, Va -------------------------------------- 800 Norfolk Harbor, Va ------------------------------------ 340, 000 Channel to Newport News, Va---- ----------------------------- 357, 000 James River, Va-- -------------------------------- 130, 000 12 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Appomattox River, Va----------------------------------------- $91, 000 Inland waterway from Norfolk, Va., to, Beaufort Inlet, N. C__------ 537, 500 Blackwater River, Va--_-------------- -------------- 3, 000 Meherrin River, Va---_------------ ------- 3, 000 Roanoke River, Va------------------------ --------------------- 3, 000 Scuppernong River, N. C--------------------------------------- 3, 000 Beaufort Harbor, N. C------------------------------------------- 14, 400 Beaufort Inlet, N. C-------------------------------------------- 26, 400 Cape Fear River, N. C., at and below Wilmington------------------ 184, 000 Pamlico and Tar Rivers, N. C-.----------------------------------- 25, 600 Neuse River, N. C------------------------------------------ --- 51, 800 Trent River, N. C----------------------------------------------- 4, 200 Waterway connecting Core Sound and Beaufort Harbor, N. C_----- 6, 000 Intracoastal waterway from Beaufort to Cape Fear River, N. C_... 800, 000 Cape Fear River above Wilmington, N. C ------------------------- 9, 600 Shallotte River, N. C___ --------------------------------- 12, 000 Charleston Harbor, S. C -------------------------------------- 200, 000 Waccamaw River, N. C. and S. C--------------------------------- 2, 000 Great Peedee River, S. C---------------------------- 2, 500 Waterway from Charleston to Winyah Bay, S. C--------- ----- 20, 000 Santee River and Estherville-Minim Creek Canal, S. C______-_-_- 4, 000 Waterway from Charleston to Beaufort, S. C-------------- ----- 7, 000 Savannah Harbor, Ga------------------------------------------- 800, 000 Savannah River below Augusta, Ga------------------------------ 18, 000 Waterway between Beaufort, S. C., and St. Johns River, Fla -------- 50, 000 Altamaha, Oconee, and Ocmulgee Rivers, Ga__----------_--- ----- 30, 000 Brunswick Harbor, Ga--------------- --- 75, 000 St. Johns River, Fla., Jacksonville to the ocean____________ ---- 400, 000 Miami Harbor (Biscayne Bay), Fla6___-- ____________________ 650, 000 Harbor at Key West, Fla ___________________--______ ______ 25, 000 Charlotte Harbor, Fla___ -------------------------------------------- 60, 000 Tampa Harbor, Fla--------- 180, 000 Oklawaha River, Fla_ __- ____-____-___-__ 40, 000 Caloosahatchee River, Fla___-----------------------____ 25, 000 Anclote River, Fla-------------------- --------------------------- 38, 300 Withlacoochee River, Fla_____________--- -- ____------- 5, 000 Removal of water hyacinth, Florida FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF6, 000 Carrabelle Bar and Harbor, Fla--------------------------------- 5, 500 Apalachicola Bay, Fla _________________________________16, 000 St. Andrews Bay, Fla ..- ---------------- - ------ 30, 000 Apalachicola River, Fla., the Cut-off, Lee Slough, and Lower Chipola River--------------------------------------------------------- 6, 000 Upper Chipola River, Fla., from Marianna to its mouth__ ___---___ 7, 000 Flint River, Ga------------- -_--------------------------------- 40, 000 Chattahoochee River, Ga. and Ala_________ - -________-__-40, 000 Channel from Apalachicola River to St. Andrews Bay, Fla ______ . 4, 000 Choctawhatchee River, Fla. and Ala__ 25, 000 Narrows of Santa Rosa Sound, Fla -------------------------------- 3, 500 Escambia and Conecuh Rivers, Fla. and Ala ----------------------- 3, 500 Alabama River, Ala______________________________ 100, 000 Mobile Harbor, Ala__ 260, 000 Pascagoula Harbor, Miss--__--- ----------- __---50, 000 Gulfport Harbor and Ship Island Pass, Miss---__ __________________ 70, 000 Biloxi Harbor, Miss 6, 000 Black Warrior, Warrior, and Tombigbee Rivers, Ala ______________ 30, 000 Southwest Pass, Mississippi River, La__-___-___________------ - 365, 000 Mississippi River between Baton Rouge and New Orleans, La ____ _ 28, 000 Bayou Bonfouca, La ___----- 16, 500 Little Caillou Bayou, La _____________... _________._ - -___-_ 85, 000 Louisiana-Texas Intracoastal Waterway, New Orleans-Sabine River section ------------------------------------------------------- 771, 000 Bayou Vermilion, La___ 10, 000 Removing the water hyacinth, Louisiana ___________ ___________ 25, 000 Sabine-Neches Waterway, Tex-.-.-.-- -- __ 1, 025, 000 Galveston Harbor, Tex---..........--------- - 188, 500 Galveston Channel, Tex--- ...... -- - -- ---------- 640, 000 Channel from Galveston Harbor to Texas City, Tex .-------- - 230, 000 RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS 13 Port Bolivar Channel, Tex---------------------------------- $16, 500 Houston Ship Channel, Tex --------------------------------- 598, 000 Freeport Harbor, Tex -------------- ---------------------- 72, 500 Channel, Aransas Pass-Corpus Christi, Tex--..--------------------- 300, 000 Port Aransas, Tex------- , 000 166---------------------- Louisiana-Texas Intracoastal Waterway, Sabine River-Corpus Christi section-- ------------------------------------------- 584, 100 Red River below Fulton, Ark------------------------------ 50, 000 Ouachita and Black Rivers, Ark. and La------------------------- 58, 500 Tensas River and Bayou Macon, La------------------------------ 4,000 Boeuf River, La-- ----------------------------------- 4, 000 Bayous D'Arbonne and Corney, La------------------------------ 2, 000 Big Sunflower River, Miss------------------------------------ 10, 500 Yazoo River, Miss------ ------------------------------------- 15, 000 Arkansas River, Ark. and Okla ------------------------------ 35, 000 White River, Ark -------------------------------------- --- 33, 250 Black River, Ark. and Mo__------------------------------------ 18, 750 Current River, Ark. and Mo----------------------------------- 3, 250 St. Francis and L'Anguille Rivers and Blackfish Bayou, Ark-------- 8, 200, Mississippi River: Between Ohio and Missouri Rivers---------------------- 2, 875, 000 Between Missouri River and Minneapolis, Minn--------------4, 350, 000 Mill Creek and South Slough at Milan, Ill --------------------- 67, 000 St. Croix River, Wis. and Minn-------------------------------- 19, 000 Missouri River: Kansas City to the mouth ------------------------------ 3, 000, 000 Kansas City to Sioux City------------------------------- 600, 000 Sioux City to Fort Benton--------------------------------- 30, 000 Osage River, Mo------------------------------------------ 15, 000 Gasconade River, Mo ---------------------------------------- 5, 000 Tennessee River : Below Riverton, Ala-------------------------------- --- 100, 000 Above Chattanooga -------------------------------------- 37, 800 Chattanooga to Hales Bar Lock and Dam-------------------- 20, 000 Browns Island to Riverton__-------------------------------- 10, 000 Monongahela River, Pa. and W. Va---------------------------- 375, 000 Allegheny River, Pa.: Open-channel work --------------------------------------- 3, 000 Lock and dam construction ------ ----------------------- 1, 750, 000 Youghiogheny River, Pa--------------- 35, 000 Ohio River: Lock and dam construction_ ----------------------------- 4, 200, 000 Open-channel work ------------------------------------- 390, 000 Duluth-Superior Harbor, Minn. and Wis------------------------- 50, 000 Ontonagon Harbor, Wis-------------------------------------- 40, 000 Keweenaw waterway, Mich ------------------------------ 115, 000 Harbor of Refuge at Grand Marais, Mich---.. ______ 18, 000 Warroad Harbor and River, Minn----------------------------- 17, 500 Lake of the Woods, Minn., investigation of claims----------------- 17, 500 Manistique Harbor, Mich -------------------------------------- 4, 000 Port Washington Harbor, Wis--------------------------------- 4, 000 Ludington Harbor, Mich___------------------------------------- 80, 000 Green Bay Harbor, Wis------------------------------------- 205, 000 Fox River, Wis------------------------------------------- 140, 000 Algoma Harbor, Wis ------------------------------------------ 500 Kewaunee Harbor, Wis--------------------------------------43, 000 Two Rivers Harbors, Wis--- --------------------------------- 10, 000 Manitowoc Harbor, Wis-------------------------------------- 10, 000 Sheboygan Harbor, Wis-------------------------------------- 25, 000 Milwaukee Harbor, Wis__ ------------------------------------- 345, 000 Racine Harbor, Wis---------------------------------------- 10, 000 Kenosha Harbor, Wis ---------------------------------------- 6, 000 South Haven Harbor, Mich 0, 000 1------------------------ Grand River, Mich_ 6, 500 Muskegon Harbor, Mich---- .. 110, 000 White Lake Harbor, Mich-.. - 500 14 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Manistee Harbor, Mich------------------------------------------ $85, 000 Charlevoix Harbor, Mich_ --- ------------------------ 5, 500 Waukegan Harbor, Ill ------------------------------------- 10, 000 Chicago Harbor, Ill--------------------------------- ------------ 120, 000 Chicago River, 111----------------------------------- 20, 000 Calumet River and Harbor, Ill. and Ind----------------------------- 45, 000 Indiana Harbor, Ind------------------------------------------ 25, 000 Michigan City Harbor, Ind-------------------------------------- 35, 000 Illinois River, Ill-------------------------- 575, 000 St. Marys River, Mich---..... 1, 200, 000 Channels in Lake St. Clair, Mich_____ ________----------_ 20, 000 Detroit River, Mich------------------- ---- 20, 000 Saginaw River, Mich-------------------- ----- 50, 000 Black River, Mich----------------------------------------------- 10, 000 Rouge River, Mich----------------------------------------------- 25, 000 Toledo Harbor, Ohio-------------------------------------------- 60, 000 Sandusky Harbor, Ohio- 417, 000 Huron Harbor, Ohio--- ----------- --- 5, 000 Lorain Harbor, Ohio 5, 000 Cleveland Harbor, Ohio 30, 000 Fairport Harbor, Ohio 7, 500 Ashtabula Harbor, Ohio ------------------------------------------ 5, 000 Conneaut Harbor, Ohio------------------------------------------- 8, 000 Erie Harbor, Pa-------------------------------------------------- 10, 000 Buffalo Harbor, N. Y--------------------------------------------- 40, 000 Black Rock Channel and Tonawanda Harbor, N. Y____ ______ - 105, 000 Rochester (Charlotte) Harbor, N. Y ------------------------------ 20, 000 Great Sodus Bay Harbor, N. Y------------------------------------ 12, 500 Little Sodus Bay Harbor, N. Y--_____ ____ -__-____________-- 8, 000 Oswego Harbor, N. Y--------------------------------------------- 17, 000 Cape Vincent Harbor, N. Y-- ------------------------------------ 500 Morristown Harbor, N. Y ____________-____________________12, 500 Ogdensburg Harbor, N. Y----------------------------------------- 13, 000 Dunkirk Harbor, N. Y -------------------------------------------- 500 Oakland Harbor, Calif------------------------------------------ 256, 000 Richmond Harbor, Calif ----------------------------------------- 125, 000 San Pablo Bay and Mare Island Strait, Calif_ _ ------ 100, 000 Suisun Bay Channel, Calif--------------------------------------- 70, 000 Crescent City Harbor, Calif--------------------------------------- 250, 000 Noyo River, Calif---------------------------------------------- 400 Redwood Creek, Calif --------------------------------------------- 500 San Rafael Creek, Calif 5, 000 6------------------------ Napa River, Calif ----------------------------------------------- 400 San Joaquin River, Calif--------------------------------------- 335, 000 Stockton and Mormon Channels (diverting canal), Calif 4, 000 Mokelumne River, Calif 1, 000 Sacramento River, Calif ----------------------------------------- 200, 000 Coos Bay, Oreg_------------ 280, 000 Coos River, Oreg ------------------------------------------------ 2, 000 Umpqua River, Oreg -------------------------------------------- 375, 000 Yaquina Bay and Harbor, Oreg --------------------------------- 5, 000 Tillamook Bay and Bar, Oreg------------------------------------ 17, 000 Columbia and Lower Willamette Rivers below Vancouver, Wash., and Portland, Oreg ________________ ____-- 350, 000 Clatskanie River, Oreg----- 2, 500 Willamette River above Portland and Yamhill River, Oreg .---... 35, 000 Lewis River, Wash ---------------------------------------------- 500 Cowlitz River, Wash__ 1_______________ 1, 000 Skamokawa Creek, Wash , 000 1---------------------- Willapa River and Harbor, Wash-- ------------------------------ 25, 000 Grays Harbor and Bar Entrance, Wash_--- - - - - 225, 000 Olympia Harbor, Wash------------------------------------------- 30, 000 Puget Sound and tributary waters, Wash------------------------- 36, 000 Lake Washington Ship Canal, Wash___ 27, 000 Skagit River, Wash -- ---- 3, 000 THE BOARD OF ENGINEERS FOR RIVERS AND HARBORS 15 Nome Harbor, Alaska------------------------------------------ $17, 000 ---- Wrangell Narrows, Alaska__________ -- - __ 25, 000 Kahului Harbor, Hawaii_____ - _____-- ____-__________240,000 Hilo Harbor, Hawaii__-----------------____ 200, 000 Nawiliwili Harbor, Hawaii__ ___-------------- 150, 000 Ponce Harbor, P. R__ __--------------------------- --------- 100, 000 Supervision of New York Harbor__--------- --------- 174, 360 Survey of Northern and Northwestern Lakes ____________---147, 000 Surveys, House Document No. 308, Sixty-ninth Congress, first session 1, 501, 000 Examination, surveys, and contingencies 132, 100 Total---------------- --------------------------------- 48, 583, 910 Balance unallotted-------------------------- -------- 7, 302, 400 55, 886, 310 The amounts that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, as indicated in the respective reports, are as follows: For river and harbor works (general) ---------- ------- $50, 781, 880 For operation, maintenance, and repair of Dam No. 2, Tennessee River, including the hydroeleetrical de- velopment ---------------------------------------- $275, 000 For flood control: Under Mississippi River Commission, Mississippi River and tributaries ------------------- 30, 000, 000 Under California Debris Commission, Sacramento River-- For new work----------------------------- 1, 000, 000 For return of contributed funds to State of California in accordance with flood control act of May 15, 1928--_--------- 4,370, 000 For California Debris Commission (expenses)-------- 18, 000 35, 663, 000 Total----- ----------------------------------- 86, 444, 880 THE BOARD OF ENGINEERS FOR RIVERS AND HARBORS The creation of the board and the duties assigned to it under the original and subsequent acts of Congress are described in the annual report of 1922. In January, 1919, the work of the board was extended to include the design of floating plant for use on river and harbor improve- ments, taking over the work formerly carried on in the marine de- signing section of the Office of the Chief Engineers. All reports of preliminary examinations and surveys submitted during the year in compliance with the provisions of river and harbor and flood-control acts have been referred to the board for consider- ation and recommendation. In addition, a number of subjects have been presented to it for report in accordance with resolutions of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce of the Senate. The reports ren- dered by the board from time to time in response to legislative action have been duly submitted to the Chief of Engineers for presentation to Congress. During the year the board also gave consideration to a number of other matters referred to it by the Chief of Engineers. 14710--ENG 1928---2 16 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 The work accomplished by the board during the year and the status of its operations from its organization up to the close of the fiscal year are shown by the following table: TotalNumber number Number Number completed completed Number Authority for investigations of investi- at close year remaining gations of pre- endinyear to be ordered ceding completed fiscal June30, year 1928 River and harbor and flood control acts. --------------------- 2, 590 2, 286 129 175 Concurrent resolutions of Congress------..............----------------------.............. 1 1................. Senate resolutions ...........----------------------------------------- 1 1....... Resolutions of congressional committees-----.. --...........----------------....... 275 210 27 38 Total--------------------------------------............................................-----....... 2, 867 2,498 156 213 Number of hearings given at the office of the board during the year------------------------------------------------ 49 Net expenses of the board during the year ------------------ $130, 012. 39 Estimated cost of projects recommended by the board from its organization to June 30, 1928----------------------$583, 218, 130. 06 Estimated cost of projects adopted by Congress------------ $476, 259, 777. 51 Section 500 of the transportation act of February 28, 1910, in- trusts to the War Department certain duties with the object of pro- moting, encouraging, and developing inland waterway transporta- tion facilities. Section 8 of the merchant marine act of June 5, 1920, authorizes the Shipping Board, in cooperation with the Secretary of War, to make similar investigations of ports. Under these acts the board has been assigned the duties of investi- gating water terminals, advising local authorities concerning their location and design, and compiling, publishing, and distributing useful statistics, data, and information concerning transportation on waterways. To avoid duplication of work a suitable method of co- operation with the Shipping Board has been devised for carrying out certain of these duties. In 1919 the board took over the work and part of the personnel of the Port Facilities Commission of the Ship- ping Board. It was later agreed that the board would handle inves- tigations ordered by the merchant marine and transportation acts in the joint interests of the War Department and the Shipping Board. The number of employees on the rolls of the Shipping Board placed at the disposal of the board to assist in this work was increased during the year to seven. As the first important step in securing the desired uniformity in commercial statistics, the statistics for the calendar year 1919 were published as a separate volume of the annual report for 1920. The statistics for the subsequent calendar years, including 1926, have been similarly published, and the work of preparing such a volume for the year 1927 was well in hand at the close of the year. Further progress has been made in the preparation of the series of reports on the principal ports of the United States designed to further the interests of importers, exporters, ship operators, and others concerned in the movement of goods through our ports. These reports have been the subject of great interest and favorable criticism from many quarters. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1928, the manuscripts of Port Series No. 18-The Ports of South- THE BOARD OF ENGINEERS FOR RIVERS AND HARBORS 17 ern New England, and of No. 22-The Ports of Panama, were com- pleted. At the close of the year the reports were in the final stages of completion at the Government Printing Office. The following reports were received from the Government Printing Office and distributed during the year. No.12. The Ports of San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley, Richmond, Upper San Francisco Bay, Santa Cruz, and Monterey, Calif. No. 15. The Ports of Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Newport News, Va. No. 21. The Ports of Porto Rico. The following is a list of the Port Series reports which have been completed to date: No. 1. The Port of Portland, Me. No. 2. The Port of Boston, Mass. No. 3. The Ports of Mobile, Ala., and Pensacola, Fla. No.4. The Ports of Philadelphia and Chester, Pa., Camden, N. J., and Wil- mington, Del. No. 5. The Port of New Orleans. No. 6. The Ports of Galveston, Houston, and Texas City, Tex. No.7. The Ports of Seattle, Tacoma, Everett, Bellingham, and Grays Harbor, Wash. No. 8. The Ports of Jacksonville, Fernandina, Miami, Key West, Tampa, and South Boca Grande, Fla. No. 9. The Ports of Charleston, S. C., and Wilmington, N. C. No. 10. The Ports of Savannah and Brunswick, Ga. No. 11. The Ports of Portland and Astoria, Oreg., and Vancouver, Wash. No. 12. The Ports of San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley, Richmond, Monterey, Santa Cruz,, and Upper San Francisco Bay, Calif. No. 13. The Ports of Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Luis Obispo, Calif. No. 14. The Ports of Port Arthur, Sabine, Beaumont, and Orange, Tex. No. 15. The Ports of Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Newport News, Va. No. 16. The Ports of Baltimore, Md., Washington, D. C., and Alexandria, Va. No. 17. The Ports of Hawaii. No. 18. The Ports of Southern New England. No. 19. The Ports of Gulfport and Pascagoula, Miss. No. 20. The Port of New York. No. 21. The Ports of Porto Rico. No. 22. Panama Canal Ports. Some of the early issues of the Port Series Reports have become exhausted and the information is in some respects obsolete. The revi- sion of these reports was begun during the year, and the following list shows their status on June 30, 1928: REVISED PORT SERIES REPORTS Percentage of completion 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --- --- -- --- -- -- No.1. The Port of Portland, Me. 100 No.2. The Port of Boston, Mass.------------------------ ---------- 50 ---------------------------------- No.6. Part 1. The Port of Galveston 1- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ----- 95 Part 2. The Port of Houston 95 Part 3. The Ports of Texas City and Corpus Christi -------------- 95 No. 8. The Ports of Jacksonville, Miami and Tampa, Fla------------------ 5 In connection with the investigation of territorial zones tributary to ports, which involves a study of the physical, commercial and transportation conditions in the interior of the country, as affecting movements through our ports, there has been published and dis- tributed a report on " Transportation on the Great Lakes." The data contained therein are now in need of revision and that work will be undertaken as found practicable. A similar report on "Transporta- 1At Government Printing Office. 18 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, 1928 tion in the Mississippi and Ohio Valleys" is now in progress and was about 75 per cent complete at the close of the fiscal year. This report will show the flow of traffic from the important agricultural and industrial sections of the Mississippi Valley to the seaboard, both by rail and water routes, and will seek to make clear the conditions now influencing these movements. It will show the facilities avail- able for handling the traffic and will make apparent the possibility of further development of water-borne traffic, both by the Mississippi- Ohio system and by coastwise and intercoastal routes. Reports not properly falling under the Port Series or the Transpor- tation Series are published as the Miscellaneous Series. During the fiscal year, two reports of the Miscellaneous Series were completed and forwarded to the Government Printing Office, as follows: Miscellaneous Series Not. 1.-Port and Terminal Charges at United States Ports. This report contains information as to charges of the United States Government, applicable in general at all ports, for quarantine service, Customs Service, Immigration Service, and miscel- laneous Federal services; and information as to charges at some 70 of the principal ports of the United States. Miscellaneous Series No. 2.-Shipping Charges at United States and Foreign Ports. This report contains information regarding consular services and charges applicable to vessels, freight, and pas- sengers, of United States consuls stationed abroad and of foreign consuls stationed in this country. It also contains tables showing the monetary systems of the principal foreign countries with exchange rates, and information regarding passports and passport visas. A study of free ports or foreign trade zones and the probable effect of the establishment of such zones in this country was added to the joint program at the request of the Shipping Board. It was felt that no adequate investigation of this subject had ever been made, and a plan was developed whereby the Secretary of State directed consular officers in Europe to furnish reports giving specified information on the free ports in their districts. Reports on most of the free ports of Europe, with the exception of the German ports, were received during the year, and the investigation as a whole was about 50 per cent completed. Miscellaneous studies were made in connection with subjects pend- ing before the board and in response to specific calls, and tables, graphs and maps have been prepared as necessary in connection therewith. At the end of the fiscal year the board was composed of the fol- lowing members: Brig. Gen. Herbert Deakyne, Col. Spencer Cosby, Col. William J. Barden, Col. James A. Woodruff, Lieut. Col. Charles R. Pettis, Maj. Dan I. Sultan, and Maj. Ernest Graves. The changes in membership were: August 2, 1927, Maj. Ernest Graves was detailed, and Col. John C. Oakes, relieved. February 13, 1928, Col. James A. Woodruff and Lieut. Col. Henry C. Jewett served in place of Col. Spencer Cosby and Lieut. Col. Charles R. Pettis during the consideration of one report. May 16, 1928, Lieut. Col. George B. Pillsbury served at one meeting during the temporary absence of Lieut. Col. Richard C. Moore. May 24, 1928, Col. James A. Woodruff was detailed and Col Frank C. Boggs relieved. RIVERS AND HARBORS BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 19 June 7, 1928, Col. Wm. J. Barden was detailed and Lieut. Col. Richard C. Moore relieved. July 1, 1928, Maj. Glen E. Edgerton was detailed and Col. Spencer Cosby relieved. Status of works.-Statements derived from the reports of the offi- cers in charge of the various works and given herein set forth the condition of each improvement and the extent of the work performed during the past fiscal year. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT This district includes the States of Maine and New Hampshire, and eastern Massachusetts from the New Hampshire State line to the southern end of Nauset Beach, at Chatham Bar, on the east coast line of Cape Cod. District engineer: Col. S. A. Cheney, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. W. J. Barden, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Moosabec Bar, Me ..----------19 13. Salem Harbor, Mass -____ 55 2. Bar Harbor, Me .. ___-__. 21 14. Lynn Harbor, Mass ______- 57 3. Camden Harbor, Me________ 22 15. Mystic River, Mass _______ 60 4. Rockland Harbor Me ______ 24 16. Malden River, Mass .63 5. Kennebec River, Me________ 26 17. Dorchester Bay and Nepon- 6. Portland Harbor, Me______ 29 set River, Mass ________ 64 7. Saco River, Me____________ 33 18. Weymouth Fore River, Mass_ 67 8. Harbor at Isles of Shoals, 19. Weymouth Back River, Mass_ 70 Me. and N. H ______ - 37 20. Plymouth Harbor, Mass -. 71 9. Newburyport Harbor, Mass_ 39 21. Cape Cod Canal, Mass .... 75 10. Boston Harbor, Mass_______ 41 22. Operating and care of Cape 11. Gloucester Harbor, Mass_... 50 Cod Canal, Mass-- 78 12. Beverly Harbor, Mass______ 52 23. Provincetown Harbor, Mass_ 78 1. MOOSABEC BAR, ME. Location and description.-Moosabec Reach is the name given to the 7-mile stretch of water lying between Jonesport, Washington County, Me., on the north, and Beals Island, Great Wass, and other islands on the south. Jonesport is about 20 miles south of Machias. The tidal current flows east during flood and west during ebb, with a maximum velocity of 4 miles per hour at spring tides, general average at half tide being about 2 miles per hour. Except at its eastern end, the reach provides safe navigation throughout its length and forms a desirable harbor of refuge with good anchor- age. The use of the reach shortens the route considerably for east and west bound coasting vessels. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 304.) Original codition.--Before improvement the entrance at the eastern end of the reach was difficult, the channel being crooked, with ledges on either hand. The direct entrance was obstructed by a bar on which the depth was less than 6 feet at mean low water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 14 feet deep at mean low water and not less than 300 feet wide and the construction of a small breakwater to divert cross currents. The mean tidal range is 11.5 feet and the extreme 13.5 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1888 was $114,000. 20 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881, and amended in 1888. Recommeonded modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is no railroad at Jonesport, the near- est point of approach being at Columbia Falls, about 12 miles to the north. A stage line connects with the Maine Central Railroad at the latter point. There are naturally no terminal facilities. The wharves are ample for the needs of the town. Effect of improvement.-The improvement made navigation less difficult. It is probable that freight rates were not in any way affected. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at the end of the fiscal year.-The existing project was completed in 1899. It is reported that the western end of the reach at Tabbot Narrows is suitable for all shipping of a draft of 25 feet or less, but that in the eastern entrance, at Kelleys Point, the dredged channel has shoaled to about 9 feet at mean low water. Expenditures have been $114,000, which amount was the cost of new work under the existing project. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1928, $1,200, to making a survey during the fiscal year 1929 to determine what shoaling has taken place. It is be- lieved that dredging for maintenance will be necessary. Until such survey is completed it is impracticable to state what funds, if any, will be required during the fiscal year 1930. Commercial Statistics.-It is reported that about 2,000 vessels use the reach annually and carry from 250,000 to 500,000 tons of fish, wood, coal, and general merchandise. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value 1927--..-------------------..............------------------------------- 250, 000 1$7, 250, 000 1 Estimated. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928---------------------------- $114, 000. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------------------- Net total expenditures ___ - -_____ _______-------114, 000. 00 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928________________-_____________ 1, 200. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928----------------115, 200. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work..-.. Cost of maintenance .... Total expended-------.... ------------ ---------------------------- ------------ Allotted........ ---------------- ----- -------------------------------------- $1,, 200.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927 ----------- -----.---. -$1,200. 00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928--------------------- -1, 200. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 21 2. BAR HARBOR, ME. Location and description.-This harbor is situated on the eastern shore of Mount Desert Island, on the coast of Maine, about 150 miles by water northeast of Portland, Me., and about 50 miles east from the entrance to Penobscot Bay. The anchorage, which is about 4,000 feet by about 5,000 feet, depends for protection upon Porcupine Island, supplemented by the breakwater. (See U. S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey Chart No. 318.) Original condition.-The anchorage and wharves at Bar Harbor were exposed to the seas from the south. The main portion of the breakwater was built in water approximately 50 feet in depth, and the greater part of the area to be protected had natural depths ranging from 20 to 80 feet at mean low tide. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a riprap breakwater from Porcupine Island to Dry Ledge and thence in a direct line to within about 600 feet of the low-water line on Mount Desert Island, the top of the breakwater to be at level of mean high tide and 20 feet wide. The breakwater is to be about 2,500 feet in length and is for protection of the anchorage and landings. The mean tidal range is 10.5 feet and the extreme 12 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $464,500. No maintenance is required. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 11, 1888 (Annual Report for 1887, p. 481). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1891, page 576. Recommended modifcctiois of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are six principal wharves and a num- ber of landings for small boats. The wharves in general are wooden platforms on wooden piles. Five of the principal wharves are avail- able for public use. Facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. There is no railroad at Bar Harbor. (For a full de- scription of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of impro vemnt.-The benefit of the improvement consists in protecting the wharves at Bar Harbor and the anchorage area, which is extensively used by costly pleasure craft. This protection is proving of decided benefit not only to the anchorage but to the railroad ferry steamers which connect with the Maine Central Railroad. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There was no work of improvement during the year and there were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is abott 88 per cent completed. The breakwater has been extended to its full projected length, but is not to full section throughout. The work remaining to be done to complete the project consists in the placing of a small quantity of stone to bring the breakwater to full section. Practically the full measure of protection has now been secured. An inspection, made in August, 1925, indicated that no material change has occurred during the last 10 years. Expenditures have been $406,591.12, which amount was the cost of new work under the existing project. 22 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is pro- posed during the fiscal year 1929. While the breakwater is not to full height and section throughout, it has accomplished practically what was expected, and its comple- tion is not highly important at this time. The sum of $500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for making an examination of the breakwater. Commercial statistics.-The protected area ranges in depth from 3 feet to 60 feet at mean low tide. There is about 10 feet at the wharves. Commerce consists of fuel and the miscellaneous mer- chandise constituting the supply of a fashionable summer resort. Coal, 11,197 tons, comprised 33 per cent; petroleum products, 9,206 tons, comprised 26 per cent; flour, grain, and feed, 2,524 tons, com- prised 7 per cent; and general merchandise, 5,269 tons, comprised 15 per cent of the total tonnage for 1927. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1923_ ..... _ 24, 585 $1, 264, 407 1 42, 413 1926-......... 40, 994 $3, 155, 132 75, 144 1924 _ _ _ 25, 208 1, 369, 917 1 40, 000 1927.....-... 34, 914 1, 438, 078 45, 046 1925 --.. ._-- 23, 920 1, 370, 081 1 53, 334 1Complete record not obtainable. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928----------------------------$406, 591. 12 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928._._.. Net total expenditures---------------------------------------406, 591. 12 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 406, 591. 12 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work - - -.- -- Cost of maintenance - Total expended---------------------- $3, 240. 42 $527. 88 $5. 81 Allotted -- -_ .... Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------------_-------------------------- $57, 900.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance -------------------------------------- 500. 00 3. CAMDEN HARBOR, ME. Location and description.-Camden Harbor is on the westerly side of Penobscot Bay, about 8 miles north of Rockland. It has an area of about 50 acres. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic. Survey Chart No. 321.) Original condition.-There was a depth of about 6 feet at mean low water in the outer harbor at the steamboat wharf and less than 1 foot in the inner harbor where most of the wharves are located. RIVERS AND HARBORS BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 23 Previous projects.--Te original project was adopted by the act of March 3, 1873, and provided for dredging two channels 7 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide, one to be 1,400 feet long, the other 1,500 feet long. The work was completed in 1875 at a cost of $30,000, all for new work, the expenditures being the same. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 14 feet deep at mean low water in the outer harbor and 10 feet deep in the main and upper portion of the harbor. The mean tidal range is 9.6 feet; the extreme about 2 feet greater. The estimate of cost for new work, exclusive of amount expended under previous project, in 1910, was $87,330. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 11, 1888, provided for dredging at the entrance to 12 feet at mean low water, for dredging the main portion of the harbor to 10 feet at mean low water, and for small channels in the upper portion to 5 feet at mean low water; the act of June 13, 1902, provided for dredging an area in the vicinity of the steam- boat wharf, in the outer harbor, to 14 feet at mean low water; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for dredging an area in the upper part of the harbor to 10 feet at mean low water. The latest pub- lished map is in House Document No. 1117, Sixtieth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The principal wharf is that of the Eastern Steamship Lines (Inc.). There are a number of others which appear ample for the existing and prospective commerce. There is no steam railroad serving the town, but an electric rail- road connects with Rockland, 8 miles to the south, where connection can be made with the Maine Central Railroad. Effect of improvement.--The work accomplished has rendered transportation by water easier and safer and facilitated entrance into the harbor of vessels of increased draft. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No operations were in progress and there were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1911 at a saving of $14,930 under the estimated cost. Shoal- ing has occurred in the area dredged to 14 feet in 1903 and also in the inner harbor, dredged to 10 feet in 1910. Shoal areas of 12 feet at mean low water are reported in the 14-foot area, and depths of 8 to 9 feet to 5 or 6 feet in the inner harbor or 10-foot area. Ex- penditures have been $72,400, which amount was the cost of new work under the existing project. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1928, $1,200, to the making of a survey in August, 1929, to determine the amount of shoaling that has taken place. Until such survey is completed, it is impossible to determine what, if any, funds will be required. Therefore, it is impracticable to state the amount of funds required for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930. Commercial statistics.-Coal comprised 66 per cent and general cargo 23 per cent of the tonnage for the calendar year 1927. 24 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Comparative tatement Year Tons Value Passengers 1927 .......................................---------------------------------------------------- 19, 761 $858,426 4,362 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 $102, 400. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 301, 1928___ __--------------------- Net total expenditures_________________________ 102, 400. 00 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928__________-------------------- 1,200. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928__-------------- 103, 600. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work................ ................................................. Cost of maintenance . Total expended------- ------------------------------------------------------- Allotted ------------------------------------------------------------- $1, 200. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927_----------------------------------------------- $1, 200. 00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 ___________--------____________--------- 1,200. 00 4. ROCKLAND HARBOR, ME. Location and description.-This harbor is on the westerly side of Penobscot Bay, near its mouth, and about 80 miles northeast of Port- land by water. It is a natural indentation of the coast line, about 10,000 feet in one direction and about 7,000 feet in the other. Pro- tection from the east is afforded by a breakwater extending from the northerly shore about halfway across the entrance. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 320.) Original condition.-The depth at the entrance was and is about 50 feet at mean low tide. Within the harbor, much of which is shoal, the depth ranges from 6 to 30 feet. Before improvement the wharf front, on the westerly side of the harbor, was exposed to heavy seas during easterly gales; there were two groups of dangerous ledges in the anchorage; and the greater part of the wharf front was bare at low tide. The entrance had a width of about 9,000 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a riprap breakwater extend- ing about 4,346 feet southerly from Jameson Point, on the north side of the entrance; dredging the inner harbor in the vicinity of the wharves to depths ranging from 4 to 13 feet at mean low tide; and removing two groups of ledges, one to 22 feet and the other to 14 feet at mean low tide. The mean tidal range is 9.7 feet; the extreme, 11 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1897, was $1,036,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 14, 1880, provided for the breakwater RIVERS AND HARBORS BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 25 (Annual Reports for 1881, p. 466, and for 1890, p. 439); the act of June 3, 1896, provided for the dredging in the vicinity of the wharves and for removal of the ledges (H. Doc. No. 85, 54th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned doc- ument. Recommended modification-s of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 16 principal wharves in active use, some of which accommodate two or more interests, and, in addition, there are several other small landing places used by fishermen. About 15,000 feet of water front have been developed. The frontage will be materially increased by the addition of three new activities now projected. The majority of the wharves are open to public use. Fourteen have more or less railroad connection. The types of con- struction are timber cribs filled with stone or earth, or solid fills faced with granite walls. Some have wooden-pile additions. Two of the wharves are bare at low tide, the depths at the others varying up to 20 feet. Facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a further description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The principal benefits have been the pro- tection of the wharf front and the establishment of a commodious and convenient harbor of refuge. The effect on rates has been such as would accrue through the use of larger vessels, made possible by the dredging. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There was no work of improvement during the year and there were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1904 at a saving of $120,138 under the estimated cost. The dredging and ledge excavation were completed in the calendar year 1901 and the breakwater in 1904. Vessels drawing not more than 13 feet can reach the steamboat wharf at low tide. At the other wharves there is only about 6 feet. The depth gradually increases from about 14 feet near the steamboat wharf to about 50 feet near the outer end of the breakwater. The storm damage to the exterior slopes did not affect the navigable capacity of the harbor nor the protective efficiency of the breakwater. Expenditures have been $940,500, which amount was the cost of the existing project, $915,862.73 being for new work and $24,637.27 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is proposed during the fiscal year 1929. The sum of $1,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for an examination of the breakwater and a survey of the dredged areas. Commercial statistics.-The chief items are coal, oils, and building materials. The average loaded draft of vessels trading at Rockland is 14 feet. Coal, 63,282 tons, comprised 35 per cent; petroleum products, 40,040 tons, comprised 22 per cent; and lime products, 54,032 'tons, comprised 30 per cent of the total tonnage for 1927. 26 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1923 179, 214 -........ $5, 911, 779 1 60, 297 1926.......-.205, 207 $8, 430, 055 120, 762 1924.......... 199, 092 5,326,287 156, 846 1927.......... 182, 575 5, 825, 241 133, 348 1925-- - -197, 759 -.... 7, 029, 050 160, 548 1Complete statistics could not be obtained. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928_---------------------------$915,862.73 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928---_________ ---- ______ 24, 637. 27 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 __ _________11940, 500. 00 Net total expenditures_----- - ____ -------- _940, 500. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928--- __-------__ 940, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost ofnew work.... Cost ofmaintenance-- -- Total expended..--------------..----.-- $2. 20 $8, 426. 72 $6, 573. 28 ____________ . Allotted--- . 15, 000. 00 .......... ---................-------- ....... Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance---__-__-__------- ________ $1,000. 00 5. KENNEBEC RIVER, ME. Location and description.-Kennebec River drains a large number of lakes and minor streams, and flows from Moosehead Lake about 150 miles in a southerly direction and discharges into the Atlantic about' 25 miles east of Portland. The drainage area above Augusta is 5,580 square miles, and the average run-off is about 10,000 second- feet. The river is tidal to the dam at Augusta, where the width between banks is from 500 to 700 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 288, 289, and 314.) Original condition.-From Augusta to Gardiner, about 61/2 miles, the navigable depth was about 31/2 feet in low summer tides. There was a shoal at South Gardiner with about 8 feet at mean low tide. At Swan Island there were dangerous ledges and a shoal with only 10 feet at mean low tide. The channel west of Swan Island was obstructed by Hatchs Rock Shoal, over which there was 71/2 feet. Augusta, 44 miles from the mouth, was and is at the head of general navigation. Formerly there was a lock in the Augusta dam, but the river above abounds in rocky shoals, and was negligible for naviga- tion purposes. It was and is used for water-power and lumbering operations. Previous projects.--The first project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1827. Modifications and additions were authorized by river and harbor acts of August 30, 1852, June 23, 1866, July 11, 1870, March 3, 1871, March 3, 1873, March 3, 1881, August 11, 1888, and June 13, 1902. The cost and expenditures on projects prior to the existing one on which work was commenced in RIVERS AND IARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 27 1906 were $509,411.03, all for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1735 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel below Gardiner not less than 150 feet wide, with a depth of 17 feet at Beef Rock Shoal, at the foot of Swan Island, 18 feet deep through rock at Love- joy Narrows, near the head of Swan Island, decreasing to 16 feet deep at Gardiner; a channel west of Swan Island, 100 feet wide, 12 feet deep, except at the upper shoal, where the depth was to be 15 feet; and a channel 125 feet wide and 11 feet deep from Gardiner upstream to Augusta, at the head of navigation. The section of river included in the project is about 21.5 miles in length. The work in- cluded dredging, rock excavation, and two riprap training walls. The project depths refer to mean low water. The mean tidal range is 8.3 feet at the mouth of the river, 6.5 feet at Bath, 5.5 feet at the foot of Swan Island, 5 feet at Gardiner, and 4.1 feet at Augusta. The spring tides are about 1 foot greater at the mouth and about 0.5 foot greater at Augusta. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1912 was $386,500, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for the channel be- tween Augusta and Gardiner (H. Doc. No. 262, 56th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the channel below Gardiner (H. Doc. No. 321, 59th Cong., 2d. sess.) ; and the act of March 4, 1913, provided for the channel west of Swan Island (H. Doc. No. 746, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published maps see above documents and Annual Report for 1915, page 2022. Recommended mnodifcatio'ns of project.-In House Document No. 2107, Sixty-fourth Congress, second session, it was recommended that the improvement and maintenance of the channel west of Swan Island, near the town of Richmond, be abandoned. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are a number of wharves which have been allowed to fall into such a condition of disrepair that their use is not feasible until they are extensively repaired or rebuilt. Those capable of serving a useful purpose are for the greater part located at the principal towns, viz, Bath, Richmond, Randolph, Gardiner, Hallowell, and Augusta. At Bath there are 25 wharves. Seven are physically connected with the railroad, 16 have more or less connection with the electric trolley system, which also handles freight, and one is connected with both systems. The majority of the wharves have mechanical appliances for handling freight, and 11 are open to the public, one being publicly owned. Five wharves have depths varying from 12 to 15 feet, seven have from 16 to 20 feet, and 13 have over 21 feet. The wharves at Bath serve the shipyards, coal business, etc. At the other above-named points there are 16 wharves in usable condition. All but one are equipped with mechanism for handling passengers or freight. Two wharves at Randolph are connected with the railroad and one at IIallowell is connected with the electric trolley system. Those open to the public on equal terms are two at Hallo- well and one each at Richmond and Augusta. None are publicly owned. 28 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 As a rule the wharves on the Kennebec are built parallel to the bank and project but little into the stream. Generally they are bal- lasted timber cribs, though there are a few wooden pile structures. Above Bath the depths at low tide vary from 6 to 19 feet. The spe- cial terminals are efficient, the others to a smaller degree, but the facilities on the whole are believed adequate for the business. The shipyards at Bath have built extensive wharves, but probably more for the purpose of securing additional room for plant than for terminal purposes. (For a further description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The benefit has consisted in permitting the use of larger vessels in handling bulk freight, which demands cheap transportation and, so far as concerns coal movement to the upper section, has been of decided value. The transportation of lumber, which was formerly a characteristic of this stream, has greatly fallen off; and that of ice, which formerly produced a ton- nage of considerable magnitude, has almost entirely disappeared. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There was no work of improvement during the year and there was no expenditure. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1914 at a savying of $62 under the estimated cost. A survey in June, 1924, indicated that shoaling had occurred at Court House Point and between Gardiner and Augusta. The project depth in the latter section was restored during the summer of 1925, and a cut was made through the shoal at Court House Point. Expenditures have been $412,500, which amount was the cost of the existing project, $386,438.38 being for new work and $26,061.62 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is proposed during the fiscal year 1929. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930. Commercial statistics.-Ice and lumber formerly made up the bulk of the river business. Shipments of ice have entirely ceased and a very small amount of lumber is shipped. Coal, 107,691 tons,. comprised 64 per cent; pulpwood, 36,723 tons, comprised 22 per cent; and petroleum products, 13,627 tons, comprised 8 per cent of the total tonnage for 1927. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1923..........125, 543 $1,910, 567 504, 683 1926_-.-..... 214, 765 $2,416, 115 875, 332 1924_....-. . 148, 543 1,734, 484 451, 164 1927.......... 167, 242 1, 749,195 889, 608 1925-----------.... 171, 305 2, 026, 253 697, 926 Cost and flnanoial sutmmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 ------------- $895, 849. 41 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928-----------... 26, 061. 62 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928--------------- $921, 911. 03 Net total expenditures- -------- _--_--__ -_--921, 911.03 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-----.---------- 921, 911. 03 RIVERS AND HARBORS BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 29 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work-------------------------..........................------------------------------............ ----------.......... Cost of maintenance------------------ --------------------------------------------- Total expended---------------------- $438.40 $561.60 $25,000.00 . Allotte ................................... 1, 000. 00 25,000.00 .... .... ................... 6. PORTLAND HARBOR, ME. Location and description.-This harbor is on the southwestern coast of Maine, about 100 miles northeast of Boston, Mass. The outer harbor is behind islands in Casco Bay and the inner harbor in Fore River. Northwest of the city is a large bay known as Back Cove, the greater part of which consists of flats exposed at low tide. The main channel from the ocean leads through Casco Bay between the mainland and Cushing Island. It is about 8 miles to the head of navigation at Stroudwater on Fore River, and about 6 miles to the head of Back Cove. To the anchorage ground opposite the eastern end of the city the distance is about 3.5 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 325.) Original condition.-The inner harbor in Fore River was and is about 9,000 feet long and about 2,500 feet wide. It had a channel depth of about 25 feet at mean low tide, except at the mouth, where it shoaled to 16 feet. Thence to the sea the least depth was about 42 feet, except for two isolated ledges, over which the least depths were 29 and 30 feet. The wharf front was exposed to swell from the main entrance. In Back Cove the channel depth was about 1 foot at mean low tide. Previous projects.-The original project for improvement was authorized by the river and harbor act of July 4, 1836. Subsequent modifications and additions were authorized by river and harbor act of June 23, 1866; joint resolution of June 5, 1868; and river and harbor act of June 10, 1872. The cost and expenditures prior to adoption of the existing project in 1896 were $692,435.25, all for.new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1736 of Annual Report for 1915. ExiTting project.-This provides for a commodious anchorage off the eastern end of the city, with a minimum depth of 30 feet; for the dredging of the greater part of the inner harbor to a depth of 30 feet, except for the lower part of the main harbor and its channel of approach, where the depth is to be 35 feet; for a channel 30 feet deep and 300 feet wide in Fore River up to the upper Boston & Maine Railroad bridge; for a channel 30 feet deep and 300 feet wide from the anchorage to the Grand Trunk bridge at the mouth of Back Cove; for rock excavation to give a depth of 14 feet between the Grand Trunk and Tukeys bridges, and a channel 12 feet deep and 300 feet wide thence to the head of Back Cove; for the removal of two obstructing ledges in the main ship channel to a depth of 40 feet; and for a stone breakwater about 1,900 feet long on the southerly side of the mouth of the inner harbor. The project depths refer to mean low water. The mean tidal range is 8.9 feet, extreme 10.2 feet, though variations as great as 16 feet have been observed under storm conditions. •.. 30 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $1,790,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $20,000. The existing project was authorized by the following acts: The river and harbor act of July 4, 1836, provided for the breakwater (H. Doc. No. 491, 23d Cong., 1st sess.); the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, provided for 30 feet over the greater part of the inner harbor (S. Doc. No. 271, 54th Cong., 1st sess.); the sundry civil act of March 3, 1905, provided for extensions of the 30-foot depth up Fore River and in the channel of approach to Back Cove; the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, provided for the anchorage, for 14 feet at the entrance to Back Cove, for restoring the 12-foot depth in Back Cove and the 30-foot depth in the approach as well as in the lower part of the inner harbor (H. Doc. No. 489, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); and the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, provided for 35 feet at mean low tide in the lower part of the main harbor and the channel of approach and for the removal of two obstructing ledges in the main channel (H. Doc. No. 71, 65th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published map see last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, requires that assurances shall be given that adequate berthing space for deep-draft vessels, affording a depth of not less than 35 feet at low water of spring tides, shall be provided by local interests within a reasonable time. These have been given and received the approval of the Secretary of War August 27, 1917. Since that date the work covered by these assurances has practically been accomplished. Terminal facilities.-The harbor has a water front of about 8 miles, rather more than one-half of which has been developed. There are 48 wharves, all but 11 of which are in the city of Portland. Seven wharves are used for transportation terminals, 15 for coal and lumber, 8 for manufacturing purposes, 2 for marine construc- tion, 6 for handling petroleum products, and the remainder for. general business. There are two publicly owned ferry landings, besides which the city of Portland has a wharf in Back Cove which, aside from muni- cipal use, is open to the public. There is also a large modern pier owned by the State. Seventeen of the private wharves are open to the public upon equal terms. Twenty-five have mechanical appli- ances for handling passengers or freight. Thirty have physical con- nection with railroads, and in the cases of 14 others, railroads run either to the heads of the wharves or adjacent thereto. Five of the wharves have 6 feet or less at mean low tide, 22 have from 10 to 15 feet, 5 have from 16 to 20 feet, 5 from 21 to 25 feet, 6 from 26 to 30 feet, and 4 have 35 feet. Two wharves are bare at mean low tide. Many of the wharves are of solid fill within stone walls and with wooden-pile extensions while most of the larger ones are built entirely on piles. The transportation terminals are efficient, but in some respects have not been found to be of sufficient capacity to satisfactorily handle the class of vessels offering. The coal wharves are efficient, though somewhat crowded for room in one or two in- stances. Most of the remaining commercial wharves are of consider- able size, but are of an old type, with shallow docks, and are not RIVERS AND HARBORS BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 31 considered efficient. While existing facilities accommodate the pres- ent commerce, need for betterment has been evident. There is abun- dant space, but in order to increase terminal facilities it will be necessary to revise and rebuild at least a portion of the older wharfage system. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see II. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 1, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvemnt.--Improvements made have permitted safe use of larger vessels and, so far as bulk freight is concerned, have influenced such reduction in rates as is affected by larger cargoes. It is estimated that two-thirds of the present tonnage of the har- bor would not have been practicable except for the work done under existing and previous projects. In view of the increase in size and draft of ships the trans-Atlantic business could not have been con- tinued and developed. The increased depth in the lower harbor has permitted the entrance of some of the larger passenger ships. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging in Fore River under contract resulted in restoring to project depth two shoal areas, one above and one just below Vaughan Bridge, totaling about 1,800 feet in length of channel. Also about 1,900 feet of channel at the bend below the Mexican Petroleum Co.'s channel was widened by dredging to the project depth of 30 feet at mean low water. The cost of the foregoing work for maintenance was $72,951.63 and the expenditure $64,268.03. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is completed except for removal of two obstructing ledges in the main ship chan- nel to a depth of 40 feet at mean low water. About 88 per cent of the entire project has been accomplished. A survey in the spring of 1924 developed that depths had fairly well maintained, though shoaling had occurred at a few places. A slight shoaling was noticed in the southeasterly angle of the anchorage ground and along the southerly bank, in the main harbor. In the 300-foot channel of approach to Back Cove for a distance of about 1,300 feet, opposite the mouth of the Presumpscot River, the shoaling has been more extensive, amounting to as much as 7 feet, apparently due to deposits from that stream. As this part of the channel is no longer used for heavy traffic, no inconvenience is experienced. The project depth in Back Cove has maintained up as far as the bend, where it has shoaled from 2 to 3 feet. It is very soft material, and as yet no complaints have been received. The controlling depths are 35 feet in the lower harbor, 30 feet in the anchorage and in Fore River, 23 feet in the entrance to Back Cove, 14 feet betweeh Grand Trunk and Tukeys Bridges, and about 10 feet within Back Cove; all referred to mean low water. The costs under the existing project have been $1,578,129.06 for new work and $80,041.08 for maintenance, a total of $1,658,170.14. The total expenditures have been $1,654,559.83. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply $8,683.60 of the balance of $18,450.72, unexpended June 30, 1928, to making final contract payment for redredging the channel in Fore River to a depth of 30 feet at mean low water, and to payment of outstanding 14710---ENG 1928-----3 32 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 liabilities, and to apply the balance of $9,767.12 to the operation of the suboffice, maintenance of floating plant, and purchase of neces- sary supplies and incidentals. The funds will be expended at the rate of approximately $800 per month and ,will be exhausted by June 30, 1929. The only part of the existing project remaining uncompleted is the removal of two rock ledges in the main ship channel, estimated to cost about $200,000. This involves the removal of about 3,200 cubic yards of rock to the depth of 40 feet at mean low tide. So far as known, there is no urgent necessity for the removal of these rock ledges at this time. The sum of $13,700 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930 for operation of office, making surveys and examinations in connection with maintenance of completed projects, operation of district boats, and purchase of necessary supplies and incidentals. Commercial statistics.-The foreign tonnage decreased from the previous year due to the continued diversion of large quantities of export freight to Canadian ports, although the foreign imports in- creased considerably. This was due principally to increased im- portation of wood pulp and pulpwood. Domestic tonnage shows slight increase over previous year. Coal, 1,796,250 tons, comprised 54 per cent; fuel oil and other petroleum products, 500,640 tons, comprised 15 per cent; pulpwood and wood pulp, 327,392 tons, com- prised 10 per cent; flour and grain, 150,675 tons, comprised 5 per cent; and china clay, 145,851 tons, comprised 4 per cent of the total tonnage for 1927. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value PassengerS Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1923 .......- 3,338,829 $121,019,122 623,438 1926 -- - 3,155,744 $115,466, 710 791,862 1924------ 2, 582, 513 106, 766, 913 605, 240 1927 - 3, 300, 888 109,964, 450 549, 420 1925-- ..... 2,876, 889 115, 475, 954 529, 298 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 $2, 270, 564. 31 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928_____ __ __ -___-___ 80, 041. 08 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928--__________ 2, 350, 605. 39 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928__________ 5, 073. 29 Net total cost to June 30, 1928-____- __ __--__ 2, 355, 678. 68 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928 ____------------- 8, 683. 60 Net total expendi ures ___-____- _____--2, 346, 995. 08 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928__________________________ 18, 450. 72 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1.928-------------2. 365. 445. 80 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work-------------------------------- - - - - --- Cost of maintenance ....-... ... . . . . . . - .. $72, 951. 63 Total expended 64, 268.03 Allotted------------------.------------ -- _---------------------- $80, 000 2, 718. 75 RIVERS AND HARBORS BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 33 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927----------------------------- $80, 000. 00 Amount transferred from other works_----------------------- 2, 718. 75 Net amount to be accounted for -------------------- 82, 718. 75 Gross amount expended---------------------------- $64, 272.03 Less receipts from sales----------------------------- 4. 00 64, 268. 03 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928________---------------- 18, 450. 72 Ou standing liabilities June 30, 1928____-------------------- 8, 683. 60 Balance available June 30, 1928--------------------------- 9, 767. 12 Amount required to be appropriated for completion (estimated) of existing project 1__ ---------------------- ----- 211, 870. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 for maintenance 1--------------_ 13, 700. 00 7. SACO RIVER, ME. Location and description.-Saco River rises in the White Moun- tain region of New Hampshire at an elevation about 1,900 feet above sea level, flows about 105 miles in a general southeasterly direction, and discharges into the Atlantic about 16 miles southwest of Port- land Harbor, Me. The drainage area is 1,730 square miles, and the mean discharge at the head of navigation has been estimated at about 3,927 second-feet. The river is tidal up to Saco and Bidde- ford, about 5 miles from the mouth. Its minimum width between banks below Saco and Biddeford is about 200 feet, though in places the width is as great as 1,000 feet. (See. U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No, 231.) Original condition.-Above the head of navigation the river has been used for lumbering and affords a large amount of water power. The navigable portion, from Saco and Biddeford to the sea, was generally shoal, had a winding course with numerous shoals and ledges, and discharged through a wide sandy beach, where the depth was only 2 feet at mean low tide. Outside the bar the water deepened to 30 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel depth of 8 feet at mean low water in earth cuts and 9 feet deep in ledge from the sea to the head of navigation at the cities of Saco and Biddeford, a dis- tance of about 6 miles, the width to be 140 feet across the bar, 200 feet in the lower section between the jetties, 140 feet in the middle section, and 100 feet in the upper section, to be secured by means of dredging; a small quantity of rock excavation, several small riprap jetties within the river, a riprap breakwater about 5,800 feet long extending seaward from the north side of the mouth of the river, and a riprap jetty or training wall from the south side of the mouth of the river, practically parallel with the breakwater and about 4,800 feet long. The mean tidal range is 8.8 feet; the extreme about 1 foot greater. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $532,000, which includes $20,000 contributed by local interests. The latest (1924) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. Exclusive of available funds. 34 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1827, provided for the erection of piers, the placing of buoys, and the removal of obstructions at the entrance of the harbor; the act of June 23, 1866, provided for the breakwater on the north side of the mouth of the river; the act of September 19, 1890, provided for the jetty on the south side of the mouth (S. Ex. Doc. No. 44, 48th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for a project depth of 7 feet and an extension of the jetty on the south side of the mouth of the river (H. Doc. No. 752, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of March 3, 1925, provided for the present dimensions of the channel and the extension of the break- water about 1,600 feet (H. Doc. No. 477, 68th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published maps are in House Document No. 752, Sixty-first Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, requires that $20,000 shall be contributed by local interests toward the cost of the project. The requirements of this act have been fulfilled. Terminal facilities.-There is a small pier near the mouth of the river which is used for summer passenger business. There are five wharves, all of solid fill construction, at Saco and Biddeford, none of which have railroad connection. Of these, one is unavailable because of a rocky berth, one is in poor condition, and three are in good condition. The latter are used for private business, two are coal-handling terminals and are open to the public on moderate terms, the other is an oil terminal. One coal wharf has modern mechanical appliances, with good efficiency; the other is equipped, but the machinery is crude. Depths range from 6 to 8 feet at mean low tide. The traffic is small and is almost entirely coal. The facili- ties appear to be adequate for existing demands. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Some reduction has been brought about in water freight rates on coal, probably from 35 to 50 cents per ton, due to the fact that barges could be more fully loaded. This has been more or less reflected in the rail rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging under con- tract dated August 1, 1927, to carry out the 8-foot project was com- menced on August 10, 1927, and continued in progress until December 10, 1927. when work was stopped for the winter. Work was re- sumed on May 22, 1928, and continued in progress at the close of the year. Of the 11 shoal areas to be dredged 9, totaling about 6,000 feet in length of channel, were dredged over. Operations under contract dated August 1, 1927, for breakwater extension and repair of south jetty were commenced on October 20, 1927, and up to the close of the fiscal year there had been placed in the breakwater extension 2,901 tons of stone. The cost of the dredging was $36,633.50 and the breakwater $9,449.42, a total of $46,082.92, all for new work, of which $26,082.92 was from United States funds and $20,000 from contributed funds. The amount spent for dredging was $25,520.94 and for the breakwater $6,176.43, a total of $31,697.37, of which $11,697.37 was United States funds and $20,000 contributed funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 35 Condition at end of /7scal year.-About 80 per cent of the exist- ing project has been completed. The remaining portion includes the dredging and breakwater extension work in progress at the close of the fiscal year and the removal of a small quantity of rock ledge at Twin Islands. The several small riprap jetties within the river were completed in 1893. The jetties are in generally good condition. The 8-foot channel is practically completed, with the exception of the removal of the ledge at Twin Island from Chandlers Point to the head of navigation at the cities of Saco and Biddeford, Me. The controlling depth at mean low water on June 30, 1928, was about 6 feet on the bar at the mouth of the river. The costs of the existing project have been $423,347.55 for new work and $9,122.39 for maintenance, a total of $432,469.94. The expenditures have been $418,084.39. In addition $20,000 has been expended from contributed funds. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1928, $86,187.36, to completing the extension of about 1,600 feet of the breakwater and the repair of the outer 1,500 feet of the south jetty and to completion of the dredging to a depth of 8 feet at mean low water from the mouth to the cities of Saco and Biddeford. The funds will be expended during the working season of the fiscal year 1929 at the rate of $12,800 per month during the first three months, and during the remainder of the working season at the rate of $8,000 per month, and will be exhausted by June 30, 1929. The foregoing work will complete the existing project with the exception of a small quantity of rock excavation. It is estimated that $15,400 will be required to do the rock excavation necessary to complete the existing project, and this amount can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930. Commercial statistics.-The tonnage for 1927 shows a slight in- crease over the previous year. Coal, 38,151 tons, comprised 88 per cent of the total tonnage. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1923...---------- 65, 597 $598,674 29, 600 1926_________ 42,193 $411, 710 16,668 1924-----------39, 707 434, 078 30, 000 1927_---------43, 222 458, 852 9, 790 1925 _.... 50, 133 424, 358 32, 500 Cost and financial summary UNITED STATES FUNDS Cost of new work to June 30, 1928_____________________________ $423, 347. 55 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 _____________________ 9, 122. 39 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928__________ _ 432, 469. 94 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928_ _______________ -____ 14, 385. 55 Net total expenditures______ ------ ____________________________ 418, 084. 39 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928____-- _____________________ 86, 187. 36 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 ______-____ 504, 271.75 36 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work........... ... -------.-..- -------.---- -.-----.---- $26, 082. 92 Cost of maintenance.._ Total expended........................_... $139.92-------- _-------------- $2,115.27 11,697.37 Allotted...-------------...... --------- ------------ ------------ $100, 000. 00---------... Balance unexpended July 1, 1927_ _____---- - -_______ $97, 884. 73 Gross amount expended_________ __-___- _______ $11, 707. 37 Less receipts from sales ___ . ______ ___- -___- 10. 00 11, 697.37 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928__ ------- __ __--_____-__ 86, 187. 36 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928------------- $14, 385. 55 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts---------- 71, 649. 37 86, 034. 92 Balance available June 30, 1928-_-------- __-- -------------- 152. 44 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -- ---- --- ---- 15, 400. 00 Amount that can be profitably 30, 1930, for new work 1 - - - - - - -- - - -- - - - - - - _ expended in fiscal - fear ending - -- -- - June -- -- - - 15, 400.00 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS Cost of new work to June 30, 1928_ ----------- $20, 000. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928--------------------- Net total expenditures________ _______________________ 20, 000. 00 Total amount contributed to June 30, 1928---------------- 20, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work-....- - ....----- .....--.--------------------------- -------------- $20, 000. 00 Cost of maintenance ------- ----- ....................... Total expended .......-------......-------.....----....-------.....------------...---......... -------------------.........-- 20, 000. 00 Contributed. ---------------- ---------------------------------.. . ............... $20, 000. 00 ---- Balance unexpended July 1, 1927--------------------------------- $20, 000.00 Gross amount expended------ --------------------------- 20, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED COST AND FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR SACO RIVER, ME. Cost of new work to June 30, 1928_ $443, 347. 55 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 . 122. 39 9----------------- Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 452, 469. 94 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928 ------------------------- 14, 385. 55 Net total expenditures-- ------------------------- 438, 084. 39 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928------------------------ 86, 187. 36 Total amount appropriated and contributed to June 30, 1928_ 524, 271. 75 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work.......---------------------...............-------------------------------- -- $46, 082. 92 Cost of maintenance .----. - - --------------- Total expended_........................--- $139. 92 $2, 115. 27 .---------------------- 31, 697. 37 Allotted or contributed .------------------------ $100,000.00 .------------- 20, 000.00 ---------- x Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 37 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 $117, 884. 73 Gross amount expended 707.37 -$31,$------------------ Less receipts from sales ------------------------------ 10. 00 31, 697. 37 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 ------------------------------ 86, 187. 36 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928-____-------- $14, 385. 55 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts ------------ 71, 649. 37 86, 034. 92 Balance available June 30, 1928--------------------------------- 152. 44 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - existing project 15, 400. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for new work 1------_ --------- 15, 400. 00 8. HARBOR AT ISLES OF SHOALS, ME. AND N. H. Location and description.-A group of islands in the open sea about 6 miles southeast of Portsmouth Harbor, N. H. Three -of them-Smuttynose, Cedar, and Star Islands-are so situated that, with the shoals connecting them, they afford a small harbor of fair depth, open only to the west and northwest, known as Gosport Harbor. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 330.) Original condition.-The harbor, which is a refuge or protected anchorage about 32 acres in area, had a depth of from 18 to 48 feet at mean low tide and entrance depths of not less than 24 feet. The shoals connecting the islands failed to give the full protection from easterly storms needed by small vessels. The mean tidal range is 8.7 feet. Previous projects.-The first work of improvement by the Gov- ernment was ordered by the act of March 3, 1821. Subsequent modi- fications and additions were authorized by the act of May 7, 1822, and the river and harbor act of July 13, 1902. Expenditures amounted to $41,453.21, which was the cost of new work. For scope of previous projects see page 1739 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the construction of three rough stone breakwaters, as follows: One from Smuttynose Island westwardly to Malaga Island on the north side of the harbor, having a length of 240 feet; one extending southeastwardly from Smutty- nose Island to Cedar Island, protecting the harbor on the east, having a length of 700 feet; and a third extending southwestwardly from Cedar Island to Star Island, affording protection from the south- east and south, having a length of 530 feet. The mean tidal range is 8.7 feet. The estimated cost of new work was $40,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 1122, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is printed in the Annual Report for 1913, page 1530. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is one wharf near the hotel on Star Island which is used to accommodate a passenger steamer plying 1 Exclusive of available funds. 38 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 between Portsmouth, N. H., and the island during three months of the summer. Effect of improvement.-The local commerce is inconsiderable. The value of the improvement consists in the refuge afforded small coastwise vessels. Operations and results during the fiscal year.--An inspection of the breakwaters made on September 9, 1927, disclosed that consider- able failure at the southwest end of the breakwater between Cedar and Star Islands had taken place. No cost or expenditures were incurred during the year. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1913 at a saving of $761 under the estimated cost. The southwest end of the breakwater extending from Cedar Island to Star Island shows storm damage. A tongue of the ocean about 50 feet wide reaches across the site of the original structure. The other two breakwaters appear to be in serviceable condition. The costs under the existing project have been $39,238.32 for new work and $5,761.68 for maintenance, a total cost and expenditure of $45,000. . Proposed operations.-Funds unexpended on June 30, 1928, amounted to $15,500. It is proposed to apply these funds to repair the breakwater between Cedar and Star Islands as follows: Furnishing and placing 2,000 tons of riprap--- ------------------- $14, 000 Engineering and contingencies__1,-- ------------------------ j 500 Total for maintenance, ------------------------------- 15, 500 It is believed that the above funds will place the breakwater in a suitable state of repair, and, therefore, no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930. Commercial statistics.-The place is used entirely as a pleasure resort. There is no commerce other than bringing supplies to the hotel and what little fishing business is transacted. Cost and financial sumonary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928--------------------------$80, 691. 53 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------ 5, 761. 68 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928---------------- 86, 453. 21 Net total expenditures-------------------------------------86, 453. 21 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928-------------------------- 15, 500.00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------------- 101, 953.21 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work-_ Cost of maintenance--- -----------------....---------- ---------------..........------ Total expended............................ ........ Allotted -------------------------------- ---------------------------------- $15,500.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927---_--- -------------------------------- $15, 500.00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 --------------------------- 15, 500. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 39 9. NEWBURYPORT HARBOR, MASS. Location and description.-Newburyport is on the south bank of Merrimack River, about 2.5 miles above the mouth and about 58 miles by water north of Boston. The river at this point is about one-fourth of a mile wide. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 331.) Original condition.-The outlet of the Merrimack River, which between Plum Island and Salisbury Point was 1,000 feet wide and 30 feet deep at mean low water, was obstructed by a sand bar nearly a mile outside, through which in 1880 a narrow channel about 7 feet deep at mean low water was maintained by the current of the river. The channel from the bar up to Newburyport was of navigable width and had a depth of 9 feet at mean low water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for two rubblestone jetties, each 15 feet wide on top at elevation 12 feet above mean low water, with slopes of 1 on 2 on the seaward face and 1 on 1 on the shoreward face; one projecting from the north shore 4,118 feet, the other from the south shore 2,445 feet, converging until 1,000 feet apart, and then extending seaward parallel to the axis of the channel for a distance of 1,000 feet; and for partially closing Plum Island Basin by a timber dike about 800 feet long and 5.5 feet above mean low water; the object being to create at the outer bar a permanent channel 1,000 feet wide and at least 17 feet deep at mean low water, to enable ves- sels of such drafts as can proceed at high tide to the wharves at Newburyport to enter the river at mean low water. The mean range of tide is 7.9 feet at the bar and 7.8 feet at Newburyport. The extreme range is about 11.7 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1897, is $599,547.49. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880; and dredging through the bar, if found advisable, was authorized by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910. The various features of the plan of improvement and its modifications are defined in Annual Reports of the Chief of Engineers for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1881, page 502; 1882, page 509; 1883, page 437; 1884, pages 494, 497; 1886, page 558; 1897, page 825; 1899, page 63; 1910, page 60. The latest published maps will be found in House Document No. 339, Fifty-ninth Congress, second session, and in House Document No. 1813, Sixty-fourth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities consist chiefly of 14 wharves extending along a frontage of about 3,500 feet of the south bank of the Merrimack River below the highway bridge, and are all old structures of piles, or of stone walls or wooden bulkheads, filled solid. On the north side of the river is one small pile pier used for receipt and local distribution of petroleum and its products. The depth at mean low water at these wharves varies from 15 to 18 feet. Except for two small rowboat landings, none is publicly owned or open to general public use. 40 REPORT OF, CHIEF , OF ENGINEERS, U. S. AR i, 1928 The terminal facilities are considered adequate for existing com- merce. (For a further description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvemnent.-The work done has resulted in increased facilities for navigation, and has rendered transportation by water practicable for vessels of deeper draft. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There was no work of improvement during the year and there were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The north jetty was completed in 1914; the south jetty was completed, except for a length of about 30 feet at its outer end, in the fiscal year 1905. Plum Island Basin was closed during the fiscal year 1883. North Rock was removed in July, 1901. The timber dike has fallen into disrepair. The jet- ties are in serviceable condition, but are not full section in all places. The project is regarded as about 97 per cent completed. The survey of December, 1921, indicated- that 18 feet at mean low tide could be carried from the river out to the crest of the bar, over which there were about 13 feet at mean low tide. The bar consists of shifting sand, and conditions change rapidly and frequently. Expenditures have been $500,900, which amount was the cost of the existing project, $463,843.62 being for new work and $37,056.38 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is contemplated during the fiscal year 1929. The sum of $1,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for an examination to determine what, if any, work will be necessary to maintain an adequate channel in accordance with the existing project. Comnmercial statistics.-Fuel oil and refined petroleum products, carried in motor vessels of 14 to 15 feet draft and in barges of 10 to 15 feet draft, comprised half the tonnage for the calendar year 1927, the remaining half being coal, in barges drawing about 14 feet. The decline of water-borne commerce in the harbor of late years is largely attributable to the increase of rail and motor-truck transportation. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1923 _--_-._ - ..-- ..--...-- 72, 049 $832,102 1926 ...--------------------- 34, 433 $679, 957 1924_- ......-.-.-.-- --- . 41, 262 416, 952 1927--------------------- 45, 565 700, 826 1925-- --.- .---- -----. 41,943 511,676 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928----------------------------- $463, 843. 62 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928______________________ 37, 056, 38 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 ------------- 500, 900. 00 Net total expenditures------------------------------- 500,900. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 ----------- __-__- _ 500, 900. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS BOSTON, 1MASS., DISTRICT 41 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work ---------------------------------- ------------------------------- Cost of maintenance.......... ............................ ... Aott ed ------------------------ ------------ 0--------- 5$,000.57 0- $372.43 --- --- Allotted . . o. ..........._ 5,000.00 ....... ... Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---------------------------------- $135, 700. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance --------------------------------- 1, 000. 00 10. BOSTON HARBOR, MASS. Location and description.-This harbor includes all the expanse of tidewater lying within a line from Point Allerton to Point Shirley, and extending from that line westward to the mainland. This com- prises an area of about 47 square miles, exclusive of the islands. The distance from the Point Allerton-Point Shirley line to the Charles- town Navy Yard (via the 35-foot channel) is about 7 miles. Tribu- tary to the harbor and included in its improvements are: (1) Chelsea Creek, which begins in the town of Revere and flows in a southerly direction and westerly for about 4.5 miles, emptying into Boston Harbor at the Meridian Street Bridge. From its mouth to the head of navigation at Slade's Spice Mill dam it is a little less than 3 miles in length and is tidal. Above the dam the creek is a surface drainage brook, extending about 1.5 miles inland through a closely settled area. Records of discharge, etc., are not available. (2) Fort Point Channel, which is a tidal inlet connecting the tidal basin of South Bay with Boston upper harbor. The channel is about 1.25 miles long, and its general direction of flow is northeasterly and southwesterly. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 246.) Original condition.-The headlands and islands were without pro- tection against the sea, which was extensively eroding them. Rocks obstructed the entrance to the lower main ship channel, which was 23 feet deep at mean low water, with a least width of 150 feet. The upper main ship channel from President Roads to Boston had a least depth of 18 feet at mean low water, with a least width of 100 feet. The channel from President Roads through Broad Sound had a least depth of 29 feet at mean low water, with a least width of 200 feet. Chelsea Creek had a depth of about 8 feet at mean low water from its mouth to about three-fifths of a mile from the head of navigation, at Slade's Spice Mill dam, in Revere, and of about 3 feet beyond. Fort Point Channel originally had a depth varying from a few feet at the head of the channel at Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, to 23 feet at mean low water at the mouth. Previous projects.-The project for the 23-foot main ship channel was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1867. To this project were added from time to time, by provisos in the following river and harbor acts, projects for improvement of minor channels within or tributary to the harbor: Nantasket Beach Channel, acts of June 14, 1880, and September 19, 1890; Jeffries Point Channel, act 42 REPORT OF.CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 of September 19, 1890; and Charles River, act of June 14, 1880. The total cost and expenditures were $1,355,698.93 for new work, of which $139,064.51 was applied to the Nantasket Beach and Jeffries Point Channels and Charles River, and the balance, $1,216,634.42, to the 23-foot channel. For further details of previous projects see page 1743 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 40 feet deep in general, but 45 feet deep through rock, from the sea to President Roads through Broad Sound, 2 miles, 900 feet wide except at the outer end where it is widened to 1,100 feet; a channel 35 feet deep from the sea (along the same line as the 40-foot channel) through Broad Sound to the navy yard at Charlestown and the Chelsea Bridge and Charles River Bridge, 1,500 feet wide from the sea to President Roads, 1.5 miles, and thence 1,200 feet wide for the remain- ing distance of 6 miles; a channel 2 miles long, 30 feet deep, and 1,200 feet wide from the sea to President Roads through Broad Sound by a less direct route than the 35 and 40 foot channels; a chan- nel 27 feet deep and 1,000 feet wide from Nantasket Roads to Presi- dent Roads, 3 miles; a channel 15 feet deep, 300 feet wide, and 550 feet long through the bar which extends from the north head of Long Island to Nixes Mate Shoal, known as Nixes Mate or Nubble Channel; a channel in Chelsea Creek 25 feet deep and 150 feet wide, from the Meridian Street Bridge, at the head of the 35-foot channel in Boston Harbor, to the old East Boston (Chelsea Street) Bridge, a distance of about seven-eighths of a mile, and a channel about 1 mile in length next below the head of navigation, 8.4 feet deep and 150 feet wide, the lower end of this channel being about 2 miles above the mouth of the river; the Fort Point Channel, 23 feet deep and 175 feet wide from its entrance in Boston Harbor, about four- fifths of a mile to near the Dorchester Avenue (old Federal Street) Bridge; and sea walls of coursed stone and riprap protecting the most exposed headlands and islands. All depths are referred to mean low water. The mean range of tide is 9 feet at Boston Light and 9.6 feet in the upper harbor, in Chelsea Creek, and in Fort Point Channel. The extreme range is about 4 feet greater. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, exclusive of amount expended under previous projects and of sea walls for which no estimate was given, is $10,925,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $81,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1825, provided for the preservation of the islands by sea walls; the act of August 5, 1886, provided for Fort Point Channel (H. Ex. Doc. No. 206, 48th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of July 13, 1892, provided for the 27-foot channel (see p. 766 of Annual Report for 1893); the act of June 3, 1896, provided for the channel in upper Chelsea Creek (H. Ex. Doc. No. 162, 53d Cong., 3d sess.); the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the 35-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 119, 56th Cong., 2d sess.), the estimate differing from any in that document, owing to the different widths of the channels adopted; and the omission from the project of the removal of Finns Ledge, at the outer entrance, was authorized by the Chief of Engi- neers March 11, 1913; the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the RIVERS AND HARBORS BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 43 channel in lower Chelsea Creek (H. Doc. No. 272, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the 40-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 931, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). References to latest published maps: Sea walls and Nixes Mate Channel, page 1178 of Annual Report for 1911; 27, 30, 35, and 40 foot channels, House Document No. 931, Sixty-third Congress, sec- ond session; upper Chelsea Creek, House Executive Document No. 162, Fifty-third Congress, second session; lower Chelsea Creek, House Document No. 272, Sixty-second Congress, second session; Fort Point Channel, location shown on map facing page 770 of the Annual Report for 1903. Recommnended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions have been imposed by law in connection with the main ship channels. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has voluntarily dredged an anchorage basin 30 feet deep at mean low water, about 1 mile long and 1,000 feet wide, off Bird Island Flats northwesterly from Governors Island and im- mediately adjoining the 35-foot channel, at a cost of about $513,000; has embarked upon a project which includes filling the flats extend- ing southeasterly from East Boston, as well as dredging channels and basins, upon which approximately $2,900,000 has now been ex- pended; has filled an extensive area of the flats at South Boston with material secured by dredging; has dredged an approach channel 950 feet long and 200 feet wide from the 35-foot channel to Piers 1 and 2 of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad; has expended a large sum in dredging minor channels and approaches to wharves; and has lowered, under its appropriation of $75,000 in 1913 (see H. Doc. No. 272, 62d Cong., 2d sess.), the 24-inch water main of the Metropolitan water system, which crosses Chelsea Creek about 800 feet above the Meridian Street Bridge. In Chelsea Creek the city of Boston in 1913 dredged through the south draw passage of Meridian Street Bridge an area 100 feet wide and 260 feet long; and adjacent to this area, above the bridge, an irregular area 100 feet wide at the downstream end and narrowing to 50 feet wide upstream, 470 feet long, at depths of 30 and 25 feet at mean low water, respectively. The Mexican Petroleum Corporation and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts have dredged jointly an irregu- lar area in Chelsea Creek immediately above the -Boston & Albany Railroad bridge, 2,000 feet long, 500 feet greatest width, 25 feet deep at mean low water, with a channel of the same depth and 60 feet wide connecting this area with the Government channel imme- diately below Chelsea Street Bridge. A total of 483,897 cubic yards were dredged from this area, at a total cost of $111,491.53. Under the State accounting system it is impracticable to definitely state detailed costs of all the various items of cooperation by the Commonwealth, but it may be said that the total, exclusive of wharf construction, etc., has been about $12,115,000. Terminal facilities.-The wharf development of Boston Harbor lies westerly of Governors and Castle Islands. Bordering on the 35-foot channel and below all bridges there is about 4 miles of water front, fully developed with wharves of various types devoted to commercial purposes; and on the Charlestown shore is located the United States navy yard, with a frontage of about five-eighths of a mile. 44 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Easterly of the wharf development on the East Boston front the Commonwealth of Massachusetts has under construction a compre- hensive development of the area to a point approximately 1 mile easterly of Governors Island and northerly therefrom to the Win- throp shore, to include a system of large modern piers, extensive manufacturing and storage areas, and complete railroad connections. Only a portion of the bulkheading and filling has been done on this development to date. At the easterly end of the East Boston water front are a few small wharves of temporary character for miscellaneous commercial pur- poses, then, extending westerly, are a 10,000-ton floating dry dock of modern type, three small dry docks, and a ferry wharf used by a railroad. Northerly of the last described wharves, on a frontage of about 1,600 feet, are three large piers and two small piers belonging to the Boston & Albany Railroad. These are piers partly of pile and partly of solid fill, of modern construction, capable of accom- modating the largest type of trans-Atlantic liner utilizing the port, and with berths of a maximum length of about 780 feet. Again, northerly, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts owns a site developed to about one-half its capacity by the construction of an overseas pier. This pier and the Boston & Albany wharves have direct railroad connection. Farther north along the frontage there are two large wharves with railroad connection, one with depth sufficient to dock large ves- sels. For the remainder of the distance to thhe Meridian Street Bridge, about 1.12 miles, the wharf frontage lacks railroad connection, and the wharves are of more or less temporary character, and generally with depths of water sufficient only to accommodate the smaller class of coastwise vessels. In this area there is a large floating dry dock, and two wharves with 18 to 31 feet depth used for laying up vessels. All these wharves except the Commonwealth Pier are privately owned; the Commonwealth Pier and the Boston & Albany wharves are open to the general public on equal terms. Bordering Chelsea Creek, a subsidiary channel of the upper har- bor, within the scope of Federal improvements and in the section im- proved to a depth of 25 feet at mean low water, there are on the south side about 3,300 feet of wharves with depths of 10 to 30 feet, not generally used for commercial purposes, but on this side for a dis- tance of about 1,200 feet at the upper end of this 25-foot channel is located a large storage and distributing plant for petroleum and its products, the wharf consisting of stone bulkheads filled solid with pile pier in advance. Along the north side of the channel there are about 5,000 feet of wharf frontage, consisting principally of stone and wooden bulk- heads filled solid, and some small pile piers. Most of these wharves accommodate only light-draft coastwise traffic. On this front is also located a shipbuilding and repair yard with marine railways. On the upper section of chelsea C reek within the scope of the improve- ment to 8.4 feet depth at mean low water there are on the south bank three wharves, one consisting of stone bulkheads filled solid and two of pile structures, u~d for the receipt of coal and building RIVERS AND HARBORS BOSTON, MIASS., DISTRICT 45 material and for city sanitary purposes. On the north bank directly above the Boston & Albany Railroad bridge, in the area dredged by the State and private interests, there is a frontage of about 1,500 feet of wooden bulkhead filled solid, with pile piers in advance, for receipt and distribution of fuel oil which is served by tankers of the largest class. All the wharves on Chelsea Creek, except a wharf of the Lighthouse Department, are privately owned and are not open to general public use. At the head of the 35-foot channel on the Chelsea water front, in a length of about 2,000 feet, there are several small wharves of insignificant value, one large coal wharf, and a shipbuilding and repair yard with large marine railway. At the eastern end of the Charlestown water front, extending west- erly into Charlestown for about five-eighths of a mile is the south channel of the Mystic River, bordered on the north by a stone bulk- head, filled solid and faced with pile platform, of the Mystic Wharf of the Boston & Maine Railroad, having complete railroad connection and berths of generally about 18 feet depth, accommodating coast- wise vessels, and one berth at its outer end of about 33 feet depth, accommodating large transfer barges. On the south side for about three-eighths of a mile below its upper end this channel is bordered by small wharves of less depth, accommodating small coasting vessels. These wharves are generally of stone bulkhead, privately owned, and not open to general public use. Also on the Charlestown front and easterly of the United States navy yard are two large piers with a frontage of about 1,400 feet on the channel and depths generally from 28 to 35 feet, fitted to handle trans-Atlantic commerce. Westerly of the navy yard, for a frontage of about 1,400 feet, there are three large piers accommodating trans- Atlantic commerce, with depths of 30 to 35 feet, the longest berths being about 700 feet. These wharves consist of stone bulkheads filled solid and with pile platform extensions. Along the wharf front of Boston proper, about 1.25 miles in ex- tent, the wharves are practically all devoted to miscellaneous com- merce of the coastwise traffic. The depth of water at the wharves is limited to a maximum of about 25 feet at mean low water, and gen- erally the berths are of too limited length to accommodate trans- Atlantic vessels. These wharves are connected to the two principal railroad systems on the north and south sides of the city by a belt- line railroad passing through the streets. They consist generally of stone or wooden bulkheads filled solid and faced with pile platforms and are all privately owned and not open to the general public on equal terms, with the exception of a frontage of about 500 feet, which is owned by the city of Boston and used for park and recrea- tion purposes, and a shorter frontage used by the United States appraisers' stores. Bordering Fort Point Channel, a subsidiary channel of the upper harbor, within the scope of Federal improvement there is on its east- ern side about 4,000 feet of wharf frontage devoted to commercial purposes. These wharves consist principally of stone bulkheads, with berths generally of depths sufficient to accommodate only coast- ing vessels, only one berth taking ocean vessels. On tlbwesterly side of the channel there is commercial development only for a distance of 46 REPORT OF. CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 about 1,000 feet of wharf frontage, consisting of stone bulkheads, including one wharf of about 157 feet frontage owned by the city of Boston and used for loading garbage scows. The remainder of this shore is bordered by an important highway of the city. Above the scope of the Federal improvement, along the west and south shores of South Bay, and bordering a channel 12 feet deep, dredged by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, there is a frontage of about 5,700 feet devoted to small wharves, consisting of stone and wooden bulk- heads, for shoal-draft coastwise trade, principally of coal, lumber, and other building materials. Of this wharf frontage the city of Boston owns about 1,542 feet, used for sanitary, highway, and sewer department work. The easterly shore of this bay is occupied entirely by railroad yards and is without wharf development for commercial purposes. All the wharves on Fort Point Channel and South Bay except the city wharves are privately owned. Three are open to the general public on payment of wharfage charges and one is a public warehouse. On the South Boston front a large territory of flats is at present under development. In a length of about one-half mile easterly from the mouth of . Fort Point Channel there are three large piers consisting of stone bulkheads filled solid, all capable of accommodat- ing trans-Atlantic traffic and all having direct railroad connection. These piers are privately owned and are open to the general public on equal terms. Next east is a large pier of modern construction with two berths, each 1,200 feet long, and a depth of 40 feet at mean low water, owned by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, fitted with appliances for expeditious handling of cargo and open to general public use. Next east lies a large pier devoted to the fishing interests of the port, owned by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and leased to fishing corporations; and still farther east are three small piers of a temporary character. At the easterly end of the develop- ment between the main ship channel and the Reserved Channel, there has been constructed by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and sold to the Navy Department a dry dock having a length over all of 1,166 feet on the bottom, with width of entrance on top 133 feet and on bottom 109.66 feet, and depth over keel blocks at mean high water of 42.33 feet. On the south side of the Reserved Channel, on a frontage of about seven-eighths mile, extend wharves consisting of stone and wooden bulkheads, filled solid, and pile structures, all privately owned and not open to general public use. They receive coal, lumber, etc., of the coastwise traffic. On the north side of this channel, on a front- age of about 1 mile and with a depth of from 30 to 35 feet, are the extensive stores and wharf of the Army base, with rail connection and modern equipment, serving both coastwise and foreign traffic. The terminal facilities of Boston Harbor are considered adequate for ex- isting commerce, and ample space exists for extension to meet future demands. (For a further description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 2, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The completion of the 35-foot channel has permitted the establishment of 'new trans-Atlantic steamship lines. Between 1902 and 1915-the commencement and completion of the improvement-steamships using this port increased in carrying ca- RIVERS AND HARBORS BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 47 pacity from 4,500 to 6,000 tons dead weight to 8,000 to 12,000 tons and drawing from 29 to 33 feet fully loaded. In general, the maximum drafts of foreign passenger liners are about 26 to 30 feet; of oil tank- ers, 29 feet; and of other freight steamers, 28 feet. The Leviathan (entering and leaving at high water for repairs) draws 36 to 38 feet. Vessel drafts of such depths were not practicable, and in some cases were impossible, before the 35-foot channel was secured. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging under con- tract in the North Broad Sound entrance channel to 40 feet at mean low water, which was in progress at the close of the fiscal year 1927, was continued.. The bulk of the dredging was confined to an area varying in width from 100 to 600 feet and about 5,000 feet long at. the outer end of the channel and along the easterly side of same.. By the end of the fiscal year about 215,000 cubic yards, scow measure:- ment, of material were dredged and deposited at sea. Additional operations included field examinations of the various channels in order to keep track of actual conditions, supervision of the extensive harbor, examination into and issuance of numerous wharf permits, investi- gation of complaints, and the general administration in the interests of navigation of this large harbor and its channels of approach, as well as maintenance of a small floating plant. The cost was $220,- 740.27, of which $190,427.28 was for new work and $30,312.99 for maintenance. The expenditure was $185,606.50. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 98; per cent completed. Dredging of the 40-foot channel to complete the project is about 56 per cent completed. Under the existing proj- ect sea walls of a total length of about 3.75 miles have been built and are being maintained on Great Brewster, Lovells, Gallups, Long,, Rainsford, Deer, and Georges Islands and on Point Allerton. The walls are in generally good condition. The costs of the sea walls amount to $1,307,567.78, of which $1,263,022.85 was for new work and $44,544.93 for maintenance. The Nixes Mate or Nubble Channel was completed in 1892, the 30-foot channel in 1905, the 27-foot chan- nel in 1907, the upper channel in Chelsea Creek in 1907, Fort Point Channel in 1909, the 35-foot channel in 1915, and the lower channel in Chelsea Creek in 1916. The total costs of these channels have been $9,118,714.59 for new work and $748,765.29 for maintenance, or $9,867,479.88 in all. For details see Annual Report for 1917, page 81. Cost of the 40-foot channel has been $314,370.45 for new work. For field examinations of channels, necessary maintenance of office in connection with supervision of the harbor, examination into and issuance of numerous wharf permits, investigation of complaints, and general administration, as well as maintenance of floating plant, the cost has been $309,240.38, charged to maintenance. The condition of the 35-foot channel, as ascertained during the fiscal year 1925, was as follows: From the sea through Broad Sound to President Roads there was an available navigable depth of 35 feet at mean low. water, but Finns Ledge, the removal of which has been omitted from the project, narrows the entrance to about 950 feet, the width of the natural channel. From President Roads to the South Boston wharves there was an available navigable depth of * 35 feet at mean low water. Thence to Chelsea Bridge in Mystic River and Meridian Street Bridge in Chelsea Creek, the channel 14710--ENG 1928-4 48 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 has shoaled in some places to the extent of 3 feet. These are appar- ently soft mud and not serious. The controlling depth of Fort Point Channel, as ascertained in 1925, is 22 feet at mean low water; of upper Chelsea Creek in 1921, 8 feet; lower Chelsea Creek in 1925, 24 feet; and of Nixes Mate Channel in 1925, 15 feet. The total costs under the existing project have been $11,798,658.49, of which $10,696,107.89 was for new work and $1,102,550.60 for maintenance. The total expenditures have been $11,782,068.65. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1928, $252,095, to completing the contract dredging in North Broad Sound entrance channel, for examinations to de- termine conditions of the various channels included in the existing project, such minor repair to sea walls as may become necessary, and maintenance of office and small floating plant. It is expected that funds will be expended during the first four months of the fiscal year until completion of the existing contract for dredging at the rate of $54,600 per month and at the rate of $4,200 per month for the remainder of the fiscal year, and that all funds will be expended by June 30, 1929. The additional sum of $50,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for examinations to determine actual conditions of the various channels included in the existing project, such repair to sea walls as may become necessary, general supervision of the harbor, and maintenance of office, district boats, etc. Commercial statistics.--A comparison of the principal articles of water-borne freight, both foreign and domestic, received and shipped at the port of Boston during both 1926 and 1927, including intra- port freight movement, is shown below. In this tabulation the port of Boston includes the main water front of Boston Harbor, the Mystic, Malden, and Island End Rivers, Chelsea Creek, Fort Point Channel, Little Mystic and Charles Rivers, Dorchester Bay and Neponset River, Weymouth Fore and Town Rivers, and Weymouth Back River. Calendar year 1926 Calendar year 1927 Principal commodities IPercentage Percentage Short tons of total Short tons of total port ton- port ton- nage nage Coal ... ---------------------------------------- ... 7, 191, 613 45. 5 7,726,002 46. 5 Crude and fuel oil ___________________________________ 1, 978, 702 12. 5 2, 057, 389 12. 3 All other oils, including refined petroleum products.. _ 697, 360 4. 4 1, 258, 182 7. 5 Sugar .-... __ _________________________ ___ 427 177 2.7 367,001 2.2 Chemicals, including fertilizer and fertilizer materials_ 231, 376 1.3 317, 885 2.0 Grain and flour . 190, 027 1.2 156,610 1.0 Textiles, including wool, cotton, burlaps, etc..----------- 551, 575 3. 4 585, 446 3. 5 Wood and paper, including wood pulp_ - --- -__ 637, 369 4.0 787, 486 4. 7 Sand and gravel_ - - - - -1, 134, 499 7. 1 811, 227 4. 8 Gerneral and unclassified cargo_..... 875, 958 5. 5 979, 841 6. 0 The usual loaded drafts of coal steamers in the harbor are 20 to 28 feet, of oil tankers 26 to 30 feet, of sugar steamers 18 to 21 feet, and of steam lighters transporting sand and gravel about 10 feet. Coal barges do not ordinarily exceed 18 feet in draft; a few large barges RIVERS AND HARBORS BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 49 draw more. For detailed tabulation of all vessel drafts see Volume II of this report. Corparative statement Year Tons Approximate Year Tons Approximate value value 1923.._ ____.___ .... 15, 206, 461 $862,269,258 1926___________ __ 15, 784, 102 $993,839,848 1924_----- -.- ...... 13, 137, 884 641, 167, 499 1927__________-__ _ 16, 599, 103 1, 034, 620, 938 1925-............... 15, 209, 620 1,203, 222, 686 During the calendar year one coastwise transportation line between Boston and Port Newark and one between Boston and Florida were discontinued. No important changes occurred in foreign transpor- tation lines. The diversion of export grain to Canadian ports instead of to Boston caused a reduction of about 34,000 tons in the 1927 exports of Boston Harbor. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928_________________________ $12, 051, 806. 82 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928___ 1,102, 550. 60 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928--_____- 13, 154, 357. 42 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928 18, 543. 93 Net total cost to June 30, 1928--------------------- 13, 172, 901. 35 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928________---_---_______ 35, 133. 77 Net total expenditures_--------------- 13,137, 767. 58 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928_-------------___- 252, 095. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928---------- 13, 389, 862. 58 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 wor f ne cost Cost of new work ..............--...... $190,427.28 Cost of maintenance..................- - -- 30, 312. 99 Total cost_----------... ---- --- S...... . ----------- 220,740.27 Total expended .... _ __..----..---. . . $30, 443. 48 $48,066. 70 $53, 712. 72 $159, 088. 88 185, 606. 50 Allotted..............-............_ ..... 30, 000. 00 450,000. 00 1 115,000. 00 150, 000. 00 50, 760. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927---____-----------______ __ $386, 941.50 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 23, 1928____________________ $50, 000. 00 Amount transferred from other works---------------- 760. 00 50, 760. 00 Net amount to be accounted for___--- - -__ --- ____ ----- 437, 701. 50 Gross amount expended_______ ______ ____-___ $185, 635. 75 Less receipts from sales ------ __ ----- ___29. 25 185, 606. 50 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928------------------ __---- 252, 095.00 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928_______-____ $35, 133. 77 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts --------- 198, 910. 05 234, 043. 82 Balance available June 30, 1928 ------ --- _,---_ __- __ 18, 051. 18 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance ------------- 50, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. 50 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 11. GLOUCESTER HARBOR, MASS. Location and description.-This harbor, an important center for the fishing fleet of New England, is formed by a natural indentation of the coast line, protected at the entrance by a breakwater. The harbor is situated at the southern extremity of Cape Ann, about 23 miles northeast by water from Boston Harbor. The width at the mouth is about 11/2 miles and the length from that point to the head of the inner harbor is about 25/s miles. The outer harbor has an area behind the breakwater of approximately 350 acres at the 18-foot contour and the inner harbor about 80 acres at the 12-foot contour. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 243.) Original condition.-The inner harbor, which had a depth suffi- cient for the largest ships, contained several very dangerous sub- merged rocks, and the outer harbor was entirely without protection against the sea on the south. Previous projects.--House Document No. 1491, Sixty-third Con- gress, third session, page 457, lists an appropriation of $6,000, act of March 3, 1823, but no record of its expenditure is found. Projects for removal of rocks from the harbor were adopted by the river and harbor acts of June 10, 1872, August 5, 1886, and June 3, 1896. The cost and expenditures on original projects prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1888) were $21,000, all for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1740 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides: (a) For a rubblestone breakwater, 2.250 feet long, surmounted by a super- stucture of dry walls of heavy split stone inclosing a core of rubblestone, from Eastern Point over Dog Bar to Cat Ledge. (b) For the removal of three ledges in the inner he rbor, one to 12 feet and two to 15 feet depth at mean low water, and five ledges in the outer harbor, four to 18 feet and one to 25 feet depth at mean low water, aggregating a total of 2,206 cubic yards, place measurement. These grades correspond to the general depths available for navigation in the vicinity. (c) For removal to depth of 15 feet below mean low water of ledges and bowlders obstructing the approach to the wharves between Harbor Cove and Pews Wharf, near the head of the inner harbor; dredging to the same depth of the channel leading past the wharves and dredging of Harbor Cove to the depth of 10 feet at mean low water. The mean range of tide is 8.9 feet. The extreme range is 12.6 feet. The estimates of cost for new work, exclusive of amounts expended tnder previous projects, were as follows: (a) For breakwater, $416,083.43, revised in 1902; (b) removal of eight ledges, $51,000, made in 1908; (c) for removal of ledges and bowlders and dredging, $65,000, made in 1887. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance of the breakwater is $1,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: (a) The act of August 18, 1894, provided for the breakwater from Eastern Point to Round Rock Shoal (H. Ex. Doc. No. 56, 48th Cong., 2d sess.) ; and the act of June 13, 1902, authorized the termination on the breakwater at Cat Ledge; (b) the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the removal of eight ledges. (H. Doc. No. 1112, 60th Cong., 2d sess.) ; (c) the act of August 11, 1888, pro- vided for the removal of ledges and bowlders, and dredging (Annual Report for- 1887, p. 503). RIVERS AND HARBORS -BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 51 References to latest published maps: Project of 1888 for removal of ledges and bowlders and dredging, Annual Report for 1887, pages 504 and 506; project of 1894 for breakwater, and project of 1910 for ledge removal (H. Doc. No. 1112, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions have been imposed by law. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has deepened Harbor Cove to 15 feet below mean low water over the entire area 50 feet outside the wharf lines, has dredged a channel and basin 130 feet long, 30 feet wide, and 6 feet deep at mean low water from the 6-foot contour at the northwesterly end of Harbor Cove to the public landing at the head of Harbor Cove; has dredged along the westerly side of Harbor Cove a channel 800 feet long, 60 feet wide, and 17 feet deep at mean low water, at a total cost of $25,155.04, and has dredged Smiths Cove in three areas to depth of 6, 10, and 14 feet at mean low water, at a cost of $13,466.16. The Commonwealth has dredged a channel 16 feet deep at mean low water, varying in width from 200 feet at the outer end to 100 feet at the inner end, a distance of 2,400 feet, and also removed a ledge near Five Pound Island Beacon to a depth of 16 feet at mean low water at a total cost of $108,968.33. A channel parallel to the harbor line on the East Gloucester side of the harbor and southerly from Five Pound Island, about 800 feet long, 100 feet wide, and 12 feet deep at mean low water, has been dredged at a cost of $10,026.32. The Commonwealth has also dredged Annis- quam Canal from Gloucester Harbor to Ipswich Bay, 8 feet deep at mean low water and of varying widths, 50 to 200 feet, at a total cost of $141,958.21. Terminal facilities.-There are in Gloucester Harbor 60 wharves worthy of mention, nearly all being of bulkhead and pile construc- tion. Of these, 47 are used by light-draft fishing vessels, 5 are attached to ship repair yards, 5 are coal and lumber wharves, 2 are used for gasoline, and 1 is used for miscellaneous freight and pas- senger business. The depth beside the wharves varies from 0 to 18 feet at mean low water. None of the wharves has any railroad con- nection. Except for two wharves owned by the city, all are private, and are not available to the public. These facilities are considered adequate for the commerce of the port. (For a further description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work done has resulted in greatly in- creased facilities for navigation and has rendered transportation by water easier for vessels of deeper draft. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There was no work of improvement during the year, and there were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1916 at a saving of $30,905 under the estimated cost. The removal of all ledges and bowlders between Harbor Cove and Pew's Wharf, and other obstructing rocks, was completed in 1896; the dredging of a channel in front of the wharves and in Harbor Cove was completed in 1894, controlling depth as ascertained in 1908 being 15 feet at mean low water; and the removal of a pinnacle rock in the outer harbor in 1896; all at a cost of $66,681.65. The breakwater completed in 1905 has been built at a cost of $410,097.19 for new work 52 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 2 8 and $16,004.16 for maintenance, a total of $426,101.35. The removal of all ledges was completed in 1916 at a cost of $24,400, for new work. The controlling depths over them as ascertained in 1916 are from 12 to 25 feet. The total costs under the existing project have been $501,- 178.84 for new work, and $16,004.16 for maintenance, $517,183 in all, and the expenditures have been the same. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1928, $750, to maintenance and contingencies. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930. Commercial statistics.-Coal comprised 57 per cent of the water' borne tonnage for the calendar year 1927, fish and fish products 33 per cent, and refined petroleum products 6 per cent. Gloucester is a fishing port, and is visited by many small sailing or motor vessels of light draft, but for the past 10 years its water-borne commerce shows a gradual decline. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1923- .-------------------- 104, 470 $6, 929,419 ---------------------- 1926 97, 704 $2, 910, 951 1924-------.------------ 113,612 5,377, 277 1927.--------------------- 89,229 2,-389,645 1925---------...............----...--------91, 739 4, 698, 968 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928-- ----------------------- $522, 178. 84 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------ 16, 004. 16 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928--- _----_ 538, 183. 00 Net total expenditures------- -------------------------- 538, 183. 00 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928----------------------------- 750. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 -------------- 538, 933. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work.......... ........... ......... ......... ... ...... Cost of maintenance................... ... .. ......--....... .. ...... ... Total expended................-----------------------.. ---------- --........ ........ Allotted .---..........-------------------------- -- --------.. -- -----....---..... --- ---...... $750. 00 .... Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 ----------------------------- $750. 00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 ------------------------------ 750. 00 12. BEVERLY HARBOR, MASS. Location and description.-This harbor is a small indentation at the western end of Salem Bay and immediately adjacent to Salem Harbor on the south, from which it is separated by Salem Neck. It is formed by the confluence of the three branches of a tidal inlet called North River, Danvers River, and Beverly Creek, and is about three-eighths of a mile wide opposite the wharves. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 240.) RIVERS AND HARBORS BOSTON, MIASS., DISTRICT 53 Original condition.-The,harbor had a practicable channel 18 feet deep at mean low water extending from deep water at Monument Bar Beacon for about 1 mile to its head (about 600 feet below the highway bridge), sufficient for the commerce of the harbor and of its three tributary streams, but the channel was circuitous. Previous projects.-These were adopted by the river and harbor acts of June 13, 1902, and March 2, 1907. The cost and expenditures on these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1919 were $48,482.35 for new -work and $642.65 for maintenance, a total of $49,125. For further details of previous projects see page 1741 of Annual Report for 1915 and page 124 of Annual Report for 1918 under the heading " Existing project." Existing project.-This provides for a channel 24 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide, increased at entrance and curves, from deep water to the rock shoal near Essex Bridge. The mean range of tide is 9 feet; the extreme range is 12.7 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1920 was $321,000, ex- clusive of amount expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 220, 63d Cong., 1st sess., as modified by R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 8, 63d Cong., 2d sess.), and the estimate of cost was revised and the requirements as to local cooperation were altered by a provision in the river and harbor act approved Septem- ber 22, 1922 (H. Com. Doc. No. 7, 66th Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 220, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Reco nmended modificaltion of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The conditions imposed by the river and har- bor act approved September 22, 1922, are that before work is uinder- taken the following sums shall be deposited to the credit of the Secretary of War: $50,000 from the Commonwealth of Massachu- setts, $25,000 from the city of Beverly, and $25,000 from the coal and oil or other local interests, and that the city of Beverly shall give evidence satisfactory to the Secretary of War that if and when needed it will furnish a suitable public wharf or terminal between Essex Bridge and Tucks Point, to be open to all water carriers on equal and reasonable terms. The requirements as to local coopera- tion have been fully complied with and met approval of the Secre- tary of War February 26, 1923. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has dredged in Beverly Creek a channel 6,500 feet long, 100 feet wide, and 9 feet deep at mean low water at a cost of $81,075.56. Terminal facilities.-On the north shore of the harbor below the bridges, with a total dockage of 1,609 feet, and seven wharves. One, a pile structure with dockage of 402 feet, is used for coal; one, of similar type, with a frontage of 430 feet is used for petroleum prod- ucts; these two wharves have railroad connection. The other wharves are small, of stone walls or wooden bulkheads filled solid, or of piles. Two are private coal wharves; one is publicly owned (by the city of Salem), and two others, in poor condition, are used intermittently by the public. .54 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 On the south or Salem side are two wharves, one a private wharf used for receipt of coal and oil, and one a small pier owned by the city of Salem; the former open to all cargoes on payment of wharf- age, the latter with no adequate depth of water. Above the Essex Bridge and beyond the scope of the improvement are two small wharves of masonry wall, solid fill and pile extension, one used as a boat runway. On the east side of Beverly Creek are two large lumber wharves of pile extension, timber bulkhead and solid fill, with a total dockage of 824 feet; a coal wharf of similar construction with dockage of 175 feet; and a wharf of 60 feet front- age, pile extension, timber bulkhead and solid fill, originally in- tended for the receipt of coal but at present used as a yacht-club landing. All of these are privately owned and not open to the gen- eral public. These facilities are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a further description of terminal facilities. see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of imprwovement.-The improvement has resulted in in- creased facilities for deep draft navigation and fully meets the demands of commerce. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Ledge removal to a depth of 24 feet at mean low water, under contract dated November 18, 1924, was completed on October 7, 1927. There were removed dur- ing the fiscal year approximately 2,348 cubic yards, place measure- ment, of blasted rock. Expenditures amounted to $53,480.53, which was the cost of new work under the existing project. Condition at end of fscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1927, at a saving of $23,434.59 under the estimated cost. The controlling depth throughout the channel is 24 feet at mean low wate. The cost and expenditures under the existing project have been $297,565.41, all for new work, of which $197,565.41 was from United States funds and $100,000 from contributed funds. Proposed operations.-It is: proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1928, $500, to maintenance and contingencies. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930. Comercial statistics.-The portion of Beverly Harbor most di- rectly served by the improvement is that below Essex Bridge. A small portion of the commerce (3,139 tons, valued at $45,500, in 1927) passes through the improvement into Danvers River and Beverly Creek above the bridge, and is included in the comparative statement below. Above and below Essex Bridge coal comprised 42 per cent of the tonnage for the calendar year 1927 and petroleum products 56 per cent. The usual loaded draft of oil tankers was reported as about 24 feet and the drafts of coal steamers from 18 to 25 feet. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1923_ .-------- --------- 400, 267 $5, 680, 066 1926 . __ .......- ___ _ 419, 023 $7, 605, 830 1924- ----------- 368, 624 5, 496, 787 1927------------_ ------ 455, 569 7, 290, 018 1925_--------------.--- 396, 476 5, 830, 233 RIVERS AND HARBORS 'BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 55 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928_ ------------------------ $246, 047. 76 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 _-------------642. 65 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928-------- 246, 690. 41 Net total expenditures___ ------------------------------ 246, 690. 41 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 --------------------------- 500. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928__________ 247, 190.41 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work ........-----------------_.... .........-------------------------------.......----------...... $53, 480.53 Cost of maintenance ...-------------- ------- .................... -- ---- ---------- - Total expended-..-..... $59, 414. 34 -................... $14, 798. 50 $2, 229. 92 $65,656. 46 53, 480. 53 Allotted----------------..... - ..........----------- 36, 000.00 ---------____500.00 i,600.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927___------------------------- $52, 380.53 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved February 23, 1927----------------------- ---------------- 1, 600.00 Net amount to be accounted for.. ---------------------- 53,980. 53 Gross amount expended ------- ----------- _---------- - 53, 480.53 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 ----------------------- 500. 00 13. SALEM HARBOR, MASS. Location and description.-Salem Harbor is at the western end of a deep indentation in the shores of Massachusetts Bay and about 12 miles by water to the northward of the entrance to Boston Harbor. The harbor inside the entrance at Naugus Head is 11/2 miles long and one-half mile wide. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 240.) Original condition.-The harbor, from its entrance between Win- ter Island and Naugus Head, had a channel of ample width, 18 to 25 feet deep at mean low water, extending to within 2,500 feet of the entrance of South River at Derby Wharf Light, where for 1,500 feet the depth was 8 feet, and for the remaining 1,000 feet the channel was 6 feet in depth to Derby Wharf Light, narrowing to 25 feet in width. Thence in South River to the head of navigation, at La- fayette Street Bridge, a distance of about 3,000 feet, the low-water channel was less than 1 foot in depth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3,1873, and extended by the river and har- bor act of September 19, 1890. The cost and expenditures on original and modified project prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1905) were $52,368.66 for new work. For further details of previous project see page 1741 of Annual Report for 1915. Emxsting project.-This provides for dredging a channel about one-half mile long, 10 feet deep at'mean low water from that depth in the harbor to about opposite the outer end of Derby Wharf, 300 1 Does not include $100,000 contributed funds. ,6 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 2 8 feet in width at the entrance, gradually narrowing to 200 feet. The mean range of tide is 9 feet. The extreme range is 12.7 feet. As a rule fluctuations due to wind or other causes do not materially affect navigation. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1905, was $12,000, ex- lusive of the amount expended under previous project. This esti- mate does not appear in the document, but was given in response to an informal request from the chairman of the River and Harbor Committee calling for information in regard to this portion of the work considered in the survey report. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost, of maintenance is $400. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905. (H. Doc. No. 303, 58th Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of December 12, 1927, the Chief of Engineers, recommended modification of the existing project to the extent of providing a channel 25 feet deep, 300 feet wide, and about 1,500 feet long, at an estimated cost of $40,000, with $2,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. (See H. Doc. No. 112, 70th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-No conditions have been imposed by law. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, between 1909 and 1915, improved South River from about opposite Derby Wharf Light to the head of navigation, so that there is now a dredged channel 10 feet deep at mean low water from the Federal channel near Derby Wharf Light to above Central Wharf, and thence 8 feet deep for a further distance of 1,100 feet; having expended on this work $13,462.66 to December 1, 1918. Terminal facilities.-On the west shore of the harbor, outside the scope of Federal improvement, there are two large coal docks with modern handling plant, one of pile with timber bulkhead, and one of masonry, solid fill, with pile platform. One of these is owned and the other leased by the Salem Terminal Corporation, and the devel- opment is reported to be the initial phase of what will be the con- struction of a superpower station by the same corporation. There are also one unused wharf, and a stone breakwater, 1,480 feet long with 95 feet of dockage, protecting the entrance to South River. Local commerce is accommodated by six wharves bordering the channel of South River, chiefly of masonry walls solid filled. These wharves cover about 1/2 miles of front, have a total dockage of over 2,500 feet, and are chiefly used for the receipt of coal. One is a lumber wharf. None of the wharves in Salem Harbor or South River are publicly owned, and none are open to general public use. On Salem Neck is a steamboat pier for summer passenger traffic only, owned by the city of Salem, but remote from the Federal channel. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-It is not believed that the improvement has resulted in any reduction in freight rates, but greatly improved facilities for navigation have been provided. RIVERS AND HARBORS BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 57 Operations and results during fiscal year.-No operations were in progress and no expenditures made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1906 at a saving of $500 under the estimated cost. The controlling depth throughout the channel is 10 feet at mean low water. Expenditures have been $19,000, which amount was the cost of the existing project, $11,500 being for new work and $7,500 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1928, $500, to maintenance and contingencies. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930. Commercial statistics.--Coal formed practically the entire water- borne tonnage of the harbor during the calendar year 1927, delivered in steamers of 24 to 26 feet, and barges of 16 to 18 feet, loaded draft. The construction of the new Salem Terminal docks has now doubled the former normal water-borne freight of the harbor. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1923__________ _________ 96, 169 $889, 790 1926 -------------------- _ 343, 047 $2, 360, 697 1924_______________________ 140, 984 1, 206, 837 1927 461, 377 2, 840, 318 1925________________________ 193, 010 1,314, 869 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 $---------------------$63, 868. 66 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------ 7, 500. 00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 __-..------ - 71, 368. 66 Net total expenditures --------------------------------- 71, 368. 66 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928---------------- ------- --- 500. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928_____________- 71, 868. 66 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work------------------------------- Cost of maintenance . .... _ -- - ---- ----- '------'-' - - lc" - ' I'' --- I-- ------ Total expended- -- Allotted --------------------------------------------------------- 00.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927______________________________ $500.00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928-----------------------------500.00 14. LYNN HARBOR, MASS. Location and description.-Lynn Harbor, formed by a natural in- dentation of the coast line, is distant about 14 miles by water in a northeasterly direction from Boston. It is about 3 miles in extent from north to south and has an average width east and west of about 1/2 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 240.) Original conditio.-Three narrow and crooked channels, in which the depth was but 6 feet at mean-low water, extended from the sea 58 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19.28 to the wharves through flats, the greater part of which were bare at low water. Previous projects.-The original project for Lynn Harbor was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882, and modified in 1884 and 1888. The western (Saugus River) channel project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892, and the project for the main ship channel by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. The cost and expenditures prior to the adoption of the exist- ing project (expenditures on which began in 1910) were $286,437, all for new work. (For further details of previous projects, see page 1742 of Annual Report for 1915.) Existing project.-This provides for widening to 300 feet the ex- isting channel from the sea to the wharves, 13,500 feet long, and increasing the turning basin to 500 feet square, all to the depth of 15 feet at mean low water. The mean range of tide is 9.2 feet. The extreme range is 13.3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1908, was $179,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 948, 60th Cong. 1st sess.). The latest published map (1900) is in House Document No. 78, Fifty-sixth Congress, second session. Recowmrnended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions have been imposed by law. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has dredged at the head of Lynn Harbor, immediately east of the Government turning basin and chan- nel, an anchorage basin to the depth of 6 feet at mean low water at a cost of $121,607.22; and a channel in Saugus River of the following dimensions: Twelve feet deep at mean low water from the 12-foot contour in Broad Sound southerly from the Point of Pines to the Boston & Maine Railroad bridge, 250 feet wide through the bar at the entrance, 200 feet wide to a point just north of Point of Pines, then 100 feet wide to the Boston & Maine Railroad bridge; 18 feet deep at mean low water and 230 feet wide from this bridge westerly about 800 feet; 6 feet deep at mean low water and 60 feet wide from said last point to Fox Hill Bridge at a cost of $184,276.70. The total amount expended by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts at this locality is put at about $306,000, of which about $37,500 is re- ported to have been contributed locally. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities lie around the basin at the head of the main ship channel, and consist of 7,500 feet of wharf frontage, mainly of stone or wooden bulkhead filled solid and partly of pile structures. On the west shore of the harbor is a large private coal and supply wharf of about 1,500 feet frontage, 800 feet of which has a depth of 26 feet at mean low water and is approached by a branch channel from the main ship channel, dredged by the owner to 17 feet at mean low water. On the north shore of the harbor are two wharves owned by the city of Lynn, one of masonry with pile platform, of 555 feet frontage, and one of masonry without pile platform, of 115 feet frontage, both min poor condition and used for storage of street materials, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 59 Westerly and adjacent to the property of the Lynn Gas and Elec- tric Co. the city of Lynn owns about 137 acres of land for which a water front and industrial development plan is being worked out. No wharves exist on the Saugus River channel within the scope of its improvement by the Federal Government. Immediately above the Boston & Maine Railroad bridge, about 1.5 miles above the mouth of the river, is a wharf with about 516 feet frontage on the north bank of the river. This wharf consists of a pile and timber bulkhead filled solid, with pile platform extension. At a point about 1,500 feet farther up the river, immediately below the Salem-Lynn turnpike bridge, on the north bank, is a pile wharf with about 175 feet frontage; and about three-fourths of a mile above this bridge, on the north bank, in the town of Saugus, is a large wharf consisting of wooden bulkhead and earth dike filled solid and having a frontage of about 500 feet; but neither wharf is in use for water-borne freight. All the wharves in Lynn Harbor and Saugus River except the city wharves are privately owned and are not open to general public use. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a further description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The deepening of the channel to 15 feet enables the smaller barges to carry full cargoes of coal to the wharves at all stages of the tide and barges of the greatest draft during the higher stages. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No field operations were in progress. The cost and expenditures were $300, applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1913 at a saving of $53,208 under the estimated cost. In 1916 the inner channel and basin were redredged to the project di- mensions and a controlling depth of 15 feet at mean low water was restored. The western (Saugus River) channel in Lynn Harbor was dredged under a previous project to a depth of 8 feet at mean low water and 150 feet wide; but this improvement has been super- seded, except for about 2,800 feet at the outer end, by the 12-foot channel dredged by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in Broad Sound and Saugus River. Expenditures have been $185,500, which amount was the cost of the existing project, $125,792.14 being for new work and $59,707.86 for maintenance. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1928, $700, to maintenance and contingencies. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930. Commercial statistics. During the calendar year 1927 coal com- prised 81 per cent of the water-borne tonnage, carried in vessels for which drafts were reported varying from 16 to 18 feet. Sand com- prised 16 per cent, in vessels of about 16 feet draft. The trans- portation of high-value package freight, formerly an important item of water-borne commerce between Lynn Harbor and Boston Harbor, has been discontinued. 60 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIY, 1928 Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1923--------------------......................... 360, 208 $12, 997, 086 -------------------- 1926.... 287,818 1$2, 359, 371 1924...--------------------293, 610 14,031,667 324,786 1 1, 897,441 1927........----------------------- 1925....-------------------- 244, 241 11, 718, 545 1Package-freight line discontinued. Cost and financial sumimary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 ___----__---__- __ $412,229.14 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928________ __-_____ __ _ 59,707.86 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928_---_------ .471,937.00 Net total expenditures----------------------------------------- 471,937.00 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928-_--- ------------------- - 700.00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928---------------- 472,637.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work-- -- -- -- - . ..- -- Cost of maintenance ------------ . - ----------------------------------- ------------ $300.00 Total expended------------------- ------- $3. 36---------- -------------------- 300. 00 Allotted............ ---------------------------------------------.......--- .--------...... $1,000. 00 ----- Balance unexpended July 1, 1927--------------------------------$1,000.00 Gross amount expended_---__-- _--_-- -- - - _____ - -- -300.00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928______________ _______-__ 700.00 15. MYSTIC RIVER, MASS. Location and description.-This river rises in Mystic Lakes, Mass., flows in a southeasterly direction, and empties into Bostpn Harbor near the Charlestown Navy Yard. It is 7 miles in length and is a tidal stream for about 5 miles above its mouth to Cradock Bridge, Medford, the head of commercial navigation, where it is closed by a dam forming a pond in the Metropolitan Park system. No records of discharge, etc., are available. The river between the two sections under improvement has a natural channel sufficient for commerce. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 248 and U. S. Geological Survey Chart "Boston.") Original condition.-The river up to Island End River (a dis- tance of 2,700 feet) had a narrow channel 14.4 feet deep at mean low water, but so narrow above the Chelsea (north) drawbridge as to be barely practicable. Above Island End River there was a prac- ticable channel 6 feet deep at mean low water to Pennings Landing, about 4 miles above the mouth in Boston Harbor, and 4 feet deep at mean low water about 2,000 feet farther. Previous projects.-The original project for the lower Mystic was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, and curtailed by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910. The cost and expendi- tures on the original project prior to the adoption of the existing RIVERS AND HARBORS BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 61 project (expenditures on which began in 1910) were $125,723.20 for new work and $10,281.92 for maintenance, a total of $136,005.12. For further details of previous project see page 1743 of Annual Re- port for 1915. There has been no previous project for the upper Mystic. Existing project.-This provides for (a) a channel 30 feet deep at mean low water from the mouth of Island End River through the Chelsea (north) Bridge to the 35-foot channel of Boston Harbor, about one-half mile, 600 feet wide at the upper end, and gradually narrowing to 300 feet wide at the lower end, and widening of the entrance channel leading to Mystic Wharf. (b) A channel 6 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide from the Boston & Maine Railroad (western division) bridge to about 2,500 feet above Wellington Bridge, about 1 mile, and thence 4 feet deep at mean low water, gradually narrowing from 100 feet to 50 feet at the upper end for about 2 miles to the head of naviga- tion at Cradock Bridge in Medford. The mean range of tide is 9.6 feet. The extreme range is 13.7 feet. The estimates of cost, exclusive of amounts expended under pre- vious projects, were (a) for new work in the lower Mystic, $172,000, made in 1908; the latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500; (b) for new work in the upper Mystic, $25,000, made in 1891; the latest (1928) approved estimate for an- nual cost of maintenance is $2,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: (a) The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the improve- ment of the lower Mystic (H. Doc. No. 1086, 60th Cong., 2d sess.); (b) the act of July 13, 1892, provided for the improvement of the upper Mystic (Annual Report for 1891, p. 672). A map showing the entire river is published in House Document No. 2108; Sixty- fourth Congress, second session. Recommended m od fications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions have been imposed by law. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts 'has dredged to the depth of 30 feet at mean low water the area known as the " Middle Ground," lying between the Federal 30-foot channel and Mystic Wharf; a channel 600 feet wide and 30 feet deep at mean low water from Island End River, the head of the Federal 30-foot channel, to a point 2,800 feet up the river; and from this point a channel 200 feet wide and 16 feet deep at mean low water for a further distance of 2,000 feet. The above work was done at a cost of approximately $410,000. Maintenance cost on the above work has been $16,661.60. Terminalf facilities.-In the section of the river benefited by the 30-foot channel project and the extension of that depth created by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts there are on the south bank of the river four wharves aggregating over 4,000 feet of berthing space. These wharves consist of substantial stone or wooden bulk- heads, filled solid and in some cases fronted by pile platforms. There is also on the south bank a new lumber terminal, the largest of its kind on the Atlantic coast. It is equipped with the most modern mechanical appliances, has railroad connection, and occupies 4,400 feet of water front. On the north bank of the river within the scope of this improvement there is a large wharf for receipt and 62 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 shipment of oil on an extensive scale; itimediately adjacent to this wharf is an extensive terminal constructed in connection with re- cently established iron works; on the west bank of Island End River, which flows into Mystic River on the north at the head of the 30-foot channel, are situated two large terminal wharves, of 800 feet dock- age, for receipt and shipment of coal, coke, tar, and oil. These wharves are connected with the 30-foot channel by a channel 24 feet deep at mean low water dredged by private interests. None of the above wharves is publicly owned, and none is open to general public use. Beyond the scope of the 30-foot channel improvement, and ap- proaching and within the scope of the improvement of the upper Mystic, there are on the south bank in Charlestown and Somerville about 1,850 feet, and on the north bank in Medford about 1,235 feet of available dockage, of which 450 feet on the south bank and 435 feet on the north bank are customarily in use. A large automobile assembly plant is located on the south bank in Somerville. The existing wharves consist of stone and wooden bulkheads, solid filled. None is publicly owned, but two are open to the public on payment of wharfage charges. The capacities of the lower Mystic are being utilized to a gratifying extent. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a further description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) , Effect of improvement.-The improvement has been of great ad- vantage to shipping interests in permitting the use of larger vessels, especially as to the lower Mystic, where the deepest draft tankers and coal steamers enter at mean low water. As to the upper Mystic, the benefits have not been so great, due to the narrow and crooked channel and the difficulty in securing barges adapted to the conditions. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There was no field work and there were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1914 at a saving of $41,573 under the estimated cost. To adapt the project to the openings in the draw span of the new bridge built by the city of Boston, the channel above the bridge was widened along the western edge; this work was completed in 1914. In 1916 the channel was cleared of shoals, restoring a controlling depth of 30 feet at mean low water. A channel of the projected dimensions was completed in the upper Mystic in 1906. A survey in 1916 showed that the portion of the channel normally 6 feet deep had an available depth of about 4.5 feet at mean low water, and that while the portion of the channel normally 4 feet deep had that depth throughout its length the width had been contracted by caving of the banks. A survey made during 1925 indicated that the controlling depth in the lower Mystic is 30 feet at mean low water. The total cost and expenditures under the existing project have been $170,679.72 of which amount $141,634.84 was for the lower Mystic, $126,632.06 being for new work and $15,002.81 for main- tenance, and $29,044.88 was for the upper Mystic, $28,794.88 being for new work and $250 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1928, $500, to maintenance and contingencies. RIVERS AND HARBORS -BOSTON, MASS.9 DISTRICT 63 No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal 'year ending June 30, 1930. Coammercial statistics.-Coal comprised 58 per cent of the tonnage for the calendar year 1927, crude and fuel oil 18 per cent, sugar 5 per cent, iron ore and pig iron 8 per cent. The usual drafts of coal steamers are 20 to 26 feet, of coal barges less than 18 feet, of oil tankers 26 to 30 feet, and of sugar steamers about 20 feet. Extensive ironworks have recently been established on the river, and have in- :creased the water-borne tonnage by receipts of iron ore and lime- .stone and shipments of pig iron. A large automobile assembly plant ,,and a large modern lumber terminal are also recent developments. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value ;,1923.......------------------3, 514, 972 $47, 765, 791 1926------------------....................... 3, 443, 057 $35, 552, 337 ,1924 .... ------------------ 2, 952, 055 31, 959, 374 1927----...... ------------- 3, 676, 464 36, 962, 687 1925------------------....................... 3, 139, 999 32, 996, 372 Water-borne freight for Malden and Island End Rivers, which ;passes through the lower Mystic River, is not included in the above statement. This amounted to 2,268,118 short tons in 1927. Cost and fi ancial 8smary -Cost of new work to June 30, 1928-------------------------- $281, 150. 11 ,Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 _ - --.. .-------- ....---- 25, 534. 73 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------- 306, 684. 84 Net total expenditures-- --- ------------------------------ 306, 684. 84 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928-----------..------------- 500, 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-------------- 307, 184. 84 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work-..........................- -- ...... . ......... ... . Cost of maintenance-.................... ... ........ .... .. .-......... .- - FTotal expended-----------------......................----- 8. 93 Allotted...... -- --- - Balance unexpended July 1, 1927-----------------------------__ __ $500. 00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928___---------------- ------- -500. 00 16. MALDEN RIVER, MASS. For a full description of the existing project, which is completed, see Annual Report for 1922, page 146. The project was completed in 1921 at a saving of $6,834 under the estimated cost. No expendi- tures have been made ;during the fiscal year, no balance is available, no work is now proposed, and no estimate is submitted; no reports have been received that the project is otherwise than in a satisfactory condition. It provided navigation facilities at the time the improve- 14710---ENG 1928------5 64 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 ment was turned over to the Commonwealth for maintenance in August, 1921. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928---------------------------- $104, 853.08 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928- ------.-.- ___ 45, 096. 92 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928_------ -- _ 149, 950. 00 Net total expenditures.------------- ---------------------------- 149, 950.00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 .------- --------------- 149, 950. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work .----------------------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance---------------- Total expended---.------------------.. . . . . . _ _ ............ - - --......... Allotted . ...---------- 17. DORCHESTER BAY AND NEPONSET RIVER, MASS. Location and desciption. Dorchester Bay is situated at the mouth of Neponset River, in Boston Harbor. Neponset River rises in Fox- boro, Mass., and flows in a northeasterly direction about 25 miles, emptying into Dorchester Bay. At Milton Lower Mills, 4 miles above its mouth, it is closed by a dam. This 4-mile reach is tidal. No records of discharge, etc., are available. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic; Survey Chart No. 246.) Original onditzo .-- The controlling depth at mean low water in the bay up to Commercial Point, at the mouth of the river, was 13 feet; thence up the river to the highway bridge at Neponset, 11/ miles above its mouth, it was 8 feet; from Neponset bridge to Milton Mills, at the head of navigation, 4 miles above its mouth, it ,;nd was 3/ feet. Previoue projects.-None. ,Existing projet.--This provides for dredging a channel 18 feet deep at mean low water and 175 feet wide through Dorchester Bay to the mouth of the river at Commercial Point, 2.9 miles, and thence 15 feet deep at mean low water, 100 feet wide in the river to the Neponset Highway Bridge, 1 miles. The mean range of tide is 9.6 feet. The extreme range is 13.7 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1906, was $125,233.34. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 83, 59th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest pub- lished map is in House Document No. 1113, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifeatiovn of project.-Under date of January 20, 1928, the Chief of Engineers recommended modification of the existing project so as to provide for a channel 30 feet deep:'and 300 feet wide in Dorchester Bay from the Boston Harbor main ship channel to connect with the approach channel to the Cow Pasture, at an estimated cost of $162,000, with $1,000 annually for mainte- 1 In addition $62,000 has been expended from contributed funds. RIVERS AND IARBORS---BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 65 nance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. (See H. Doc. No. 147, 70th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-Conditionswere imposed by the act of March 2, 1907, that the portion of the river from Neponset Highway Bridge to Milton Mills should be dredged, and maintained by the State of Massachusetts or other agency to the depth of 6 feet at mean low water, 100 feet wide up to the Granite Bridge, 1.15 miles; 75 feet wide thence to Godfreys Wharf, 1.25 miles; and thence 50 feet wide to the railroad bridge at Milton, a distance of 250 feet. These con- ditions were accepted by resolves of the Legislature of Massachu- setts, approved June 24, 1907, and March 5, 1908, and accepted by the Secretary of War February 10, 1908, and the work was completed in August, 1910, at a cost of $34,269.70. .In 1914 the State widened to 280 feet, with a depth of 15 feet, the easterly side of the Government channel opposite the yacht basin at a cost of $1,682.24; in 1914 and 1915 dredged at Commercial Point a channel 100 feet,wide, :1,600 feet long, and 12 feet deep, with basin. of the same depth and a total area of 390,000 square feet, and a! shoal to the same depth on the north side of and adjacent tor the United States channel, at a total cost of $53,213.10; :in 1915 dredged a small area 6 feet deep at the public landing at Freeport Street, Commercial Point; and in 1916 dredged a basin 6 feet deep, 1,000 :feet long, and 250 Ifeet greatest width in Neponset River near Milton Lower Mills at a cost of $7,- 790.56. Maintenance cost on the 6-foot channel in Neponset River has amounted to $52,954.86. Terminal facilities.-On the north shore of Dorchester Bay are two wharves with total dockage .of 500 feet, approached through a channel dredged through the flats by private interests. These wharves are solid fill, one with stone, and one with timber bulkhead. One is owned by the city of Boston and used to serve a city pumping station. At the west end of the bay there are four wharves with an aggregate dockage of 900 feet, approached by a channel dredged through the flats by the State. These wharves are pile structures, two with solid fill and one of masonry with pile platform. All ,are available for water-borne freight.. At Commercial Point, at the mouth of Neponset River, on the west shore there is dockage of 700 feet of stone and wooden bulkhead, on a total frontage of 2,700 feet. Of this bulkhead the lower 1,400 feet, together with the wharves previously described, are within the scope of the 18-foot depth of the improved channel. On the west bank of the river and within the scope of the 15-foot depth there is a yacht-building plant, with piers aggregating 1,720 feet in length, consisting of pile structures inclosing yacht basins; at the head of the improvement extending above and below the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad bridge there are wharves aggregating 1,605 feet of dockage, consisting partly of wooden bulk- heads, filled solid, and partly of pile structures used for commercial purposes. All of the above wharves except the city wharf are privately owned. None are open to general public use. On the south shore of Dorchester Bay, at the mouth of the river, is the United States Navy destroyer plant, built during the war and now under lease to the Victory Yacht Storage & Repair Co., the 66 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 launching basin of which is connected with the 18-foot improved channel by a dredged channel 10 feet deep. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see HI.Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement is of advantage to ship- ping interests in permitting the utilization of larger vessels. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No operations were in progress and there were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1909 at a saving of $30,649 under the estimated cost. Soundings in 1926 showed that considerable shoaling had taken place in the upper section of Neponset River. The controlling depths at mean low water in Dorchester Bay in 1926 were- 18 feet to about 300 feet below Commercial Point, thence 15 feet to Commercial Point; in Neponset River it was 12 feet to the Neponset River bridge. Channel widths have narrowed. Expenditures have been $95,008, which amount was the cost of the existing project, $94,584.55 being for new 'work and $423.45 for maintenance. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1928, $34,100 to restoring the 15-foot channel in Neponset River to its full project depth and to increase channel dimensions at bends to allow free movement of boats. It is expected that work will be commenced about May 1, 1929, and that the funds will be expended at the rate of $8,000 per month and will be ex- hausted by Agust31, 1929. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930. Co B ercia statitics.-Coal, carried in barges and lighters, com- prised 29 per cent of the water-borne tonnage for the calendar year 1927, no coal steamers being reported. Refined petroleum products, transported in barges of 10 to 12 feet draft, comprised 8 peF cent of the tonnage; sand and gravel, in barges of 8 feet, 52 per cent; and garbage carried in scows from Dorchester Bay to the rendering works on Spectacle Island, comprised 4 per cent. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1923_.--------------- -------- 202, 343 $3,046,202 1926 .------------------- 213,174 $3,341,041 1924_- ...___-__._- ---..... 188, 211 2, 663,224 1927 _---------------------- 1 455, 189 3,125, 084 1925-----------------------...............195,302 3,015, 769 sand and gravel dredged and shipped from Dorchester Bay. I Iicrease due to heavy tonnage ,of Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, :1928_ ---------------------------- $94, 584. 55 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------- 423. 45 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928---------- 95, 008. 00 Net total exienditures-------------------------- ---------- 95, 008.00 tUpexpended balance June 30, 1928--------------8 .... 34, 100. 00 tal~mo Tot::! int appropriated to June 30, 1928 ------------ 129, 108. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 67 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1426 1927 1928 Cost of new work------------------------------------------------------------------ Cost of maintenance ----- ------ - --------------- ----- ------------- Total expended._- Alotlt ed................. ... .............................. $,... . ......... 0 Allotted ------ _-----------------_----- ---------- .----------------- $6, 900. 00 $27, 200.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927___-_ ------------- $6,900. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation 'act approved Mar. 23, 1928----------------------------------------------- 27, 200.00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928__ ____--_______ 34, 100. 00 18. WEYMOUTH FORE RIVER, MASS, Location and description.-This river rises in Braintree, Mass., and flows in a northerly direction 7.5 miles, emptying into Hingham Bay, Boston Harbor. The head of navigation is an old dam at East Braintree, 6.2 miles above the mouth. Below this dam the river is tidal. No records of discharge, etc., are available. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 246.) Original condition.-- The channel had a depth of 18 feet at mean low water throughout, with a least width of 300 feet up to a point about 1 mile below the bridge at Quincy Point, the 18-foot channel extending two-thirds of a mile above that point but being too torttu- ous for safe navigation of large vessels. In the remaining one-third of a mile to the bridge the channel was 150 feet wide and 13 feet deep at mean low water. From the bridge at Quincy Point to the head of navigation at East Braintree, 6.2 miles above the mouth of the river, the channel was 12 feet deep at mean flow water, gradually shoaling to 6 feet, and finally to 3 feet, where it became too narrow to be practicable. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of'September 19, 1890, and extended by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1905, and February 27, 1911. The cost and expenditures on original projects prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1917) were $170,500 for new work and $5,250 for maintenance, a total of $175,750. For further details of previous projects, see page 1745 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 24 feet deep at mean low water and 300 feet wide, with a maximum width of 600 feet at the bend below Channel Rock, from Hingham Bay to Wey- mouth Fore River Bridge at Quincy Point, about 3 miles. The mean range of tide is 9.5 feet. The extreme range is 13.6 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, was $625,000, exclu- sive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 27, 1916 (Senate Com. Doc. No. 13, 63d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 803, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Recommended modification of project.-None. Loval cooperation.-Un der the project of March 3, 1905, the im- provement of the river above the Quincy Point Bridge was to be 68 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, T-T.IS ARMY, 192 b maintained by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts or other agency. This was provided for by a resolve of the legislature approved May 26, 1905, and accepted by the Secretary of War June 7, 1905. The Commonwealth has maintained the improvement at a total ex- penditure of $68,623.74. The act of July 27, 1916, adopting the proj- ect for the 24-foot channel, appropriated two-thirds ($200,000) of its total estimated cost, subject to the condition that local interests contribute the remaining one-third ($100,000). The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, by act approved April 22, 1915, provided $75,000, the Fore River Shipbuilding Corporation (now Bethlehem Ship- building Corporation) contributed $15,000, and the city of Quincy $10,000. Terminal facilities.-At the head of the Federal improvement at Quincy Point Bridge there are, on the westerly side, below the bridge, two wharves with aggregate dockage of 800 feet, one of masonry and one of masonry and concrete with pile platform ex- tension. On the easterly side there is a recently constructed wharf about 600 feet in length, in front of. which the owners have dredged to 24 feet at mean low tide, meeting the project depth. A large electric power plant has been developed recently at this point. On Town River, outside the scope of Federal improvement, are four wharves with aggregate dockage of over 2,700 feet. These include a lumber wharf, a coal wharf, and two wharves for repair and storage of yachts and commercial vessels. There is a large yacht basin.. Above Quincy Point Bridge and served by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts improvements are eight wharves in use for water- borne freight, chiefly of masonry with pile platforms and having an aggregate dockage of 2,350 feet. There is also a terminal, with a depth of 32 feet, used for the receipt of petroleum. In this area is the Fore River plant of the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation, with depths up to 32 feet, used for the building and equipping of large naval and commercial vessels. These facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a further description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Aside from the value of the increased depth obtained under previous and existing projects in connection with the extensive operations of the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Cor- poration, the facilities afforded have been recognized in other direc- tions, chiefly in the development of an extensive oil-refining plant and the location of an elaborate and extensive electric power plant. The improved channel has permitted the movement of larger vessels of greater draft to this locality, and the river is being used to a greater extent than was contemplated when the present project was adopted. Operations and results during fscal year.-Dredging under con- tract for the additional 100-foot width and to 24 feet at mean low water was completed December 1, 1927. There were removed and disposed of during the year 16,911 cubic yards, scow measurement, of material. An emergency contract, dated October 21, 1927, for removal of ledge points to a depth of 24 feet at mean low water in the vicinity of Channel Rock was completed in November, 1927. The cost was $11,700.74 for new work and the expenditure $8,155.78. RIVERS AND HARBORS BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 69 Condition at end of fiscal year.---The existing project was com- pleted in 1927 at a saving of $59,600 under the estimated cost. The controlling depth is 24 feet at mean low water. The cost of the existing project has been $565,400 for new work, of which $465,400 was from United States funds and $100,000 from contributed funds. Expenditures have been $561,855.04, of which $461,855.04 was from United States funds, $100,000 from contributed funds. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply $3,544.96 of th balance of $4,544.96 unexpended June 30, 1928, to the payment of outstanding liabilities. The remaining $1,000 will be applied to maintenance and contingencies. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930. Com ercial statistics.-The water-borne freight of the river econ- sists almost entirely of oil and coal, the former comprising 65 per cent and the latter 32 per cent of the tonnage for the calendar year 1927. Crude oil was received in tankers with a loaded draft of about 26 to 29 feet, and refined oil shipped out in barges of .8 to 12 feet draft. Coal was received in both steamers and barges of vary- ing draft. Comparative statement Year Tons Value 1I Year Tons Value 1923....--------------------325,173 $3,818,146 1926, ......------------.. 843,117 $, 853, 930 1924. - -. _____ _____- 840, 249 8, 544, 960 1927--. ...... .... 1, 242, 481 9 78, 790 1925-------------------- 796, 049 6, 156, 603 Cost and financial sumnary ------------------------- Cost of new work to June 30, 1928___ $635, 900. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928--------------------------- 5, 250. 00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 ------------- 641, 150. 00 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928--------------------------- 3, 544. 96 Net total expenditures 605. 04 6------------------------------ Unexpended balance June 30, 1928----------------------- ------- 4, 544.96 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-------------- 642, 150.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work -----------.... --------------------------------------------- $11, 700. 74 Cost of maintenance-------- ---- Total expended___________________-__-_ $8, 728. 50 $8, 078. 27 $40, 835. 26 $6, 892.45 8, 155. 78 Allotted---------------------------- 60, 000. 00 ... 1,000.00 7,400.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927---- ------------ $5, 300. 74 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927---------- -------------------------------------- 7, 400. 00 Net amount to be accounted for-------------------------12, 700. 74 Gross amount expended-------------------------------------- 8, 155. 78 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 -------------------- ---- 4, 544.96 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928------------------- ------ 3, 544. 96 Balance available June 30, 1928 -------------------------- 1,000. 00 \In addition $100,000 was expended from contributed funds. 70 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 19. WEYMOUTU BACK RIVER, MASS. Location and description.-This river rises in East Weymouth, Mass., and flows in a northerly direction 4.5 miles, emptying into HIingham Bay at the mouth of Weymouth Fore River. It is tidal' for 4 miles, to the highway bridge at East Weymouth. No records of discharge, etc., are available. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic- Survey Chart No. 246.) Original condition.-The river had a practicable channel not less than 200 feet wide and not less than 12 feet deep at mean low water for about 1.5 miles to the wharf of the American Agricultural Chemical Co., except on a bar 400 feet wide and one-fourth of a mile above the mouth, where the depth was 11 feet, and except for the 2,000 feet below the wharf, where the depth gradually shoaled from 12 to 6 feet at mean low water. The head of navigationr was at East Weymouth, about 4 miles above the bar and about- 3 miles above the wharf of the chemical company. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide through the bar near the mouth, and for widening and straightening to the same dimensions the- natural channel 2,200 feet long to the wharf of the American Agri- cultural Chemical Co. The mean range of tide is 9.4 feet. The- extreme range is 13.5 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1891, was $22,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual'. cost of maintenance is $500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894 (H. Ex. Doc. No. 256, 51st Cong., 2d sess.). The- latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The only commercial wharf has a frontage of about 1,400 feet and is a stone wall, filled, with pile platform in front. It is privately owned, not open to general public use, and is considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a further description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement. The work done has resulted in greatly increased facilities for navigation and has rendered transportation by water easier for vessels of deeper draft. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There was no field work and there were no expenditures. Condition at end of fscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in the fiscal year 1912 at a saving of $1,522 under the esti- mated cost. An examination, of the channel in 1927 showed a con- trolling depth of 12 feet at mean low water throughout. The Navy Department has dredged a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 150 feet wide from the improved channel of that depth opposite the chemical company's wharf to the naval magazine at Hingham. Expenditures have been $27,000, which amount was the cost of the existing project, $20,478.68 being for new work and $6,521.32 for maintenance. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1928, $350, to maintenance and contingencies. RIVERS AND HARBORS BOS(TON, MASS., DISTRIOT 71 No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930. Commercial statistics.Duringthe calendar year 1927 fertilizer .and chemicals comprised 80 per cent of the water-borne tonnage. ammunition 10 per cent, and sand and gravel 4 per cent. A United States naval magazine is located on the river at Hingham, and lighters ammunition and supplies by water to and from the Navy yard at Charlestown. The maximum draft of all types of vessel ,was about 20 feet. Comparative statement" Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 228, 588 $9, 387, 415 1923......................--------------------. 1926. 143, 432 $3, 922, 747 .-------------------- 152 270 5, 626, 827 1924......................--------------------. 1927 ------------.------ 26, 883 3,829, 195 1925----.. ..----_------ 289,467 3, 704,728 Cost .and finaoial siumnttry 'Cost of new work to June 30, 1928-----------------------------$20, 478.68 Cost of maintenance to Jrine 30, 1928-- ------------- '6,521. 32 Total, cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928-- T.----- 27,000.00 , Net total expenditures------ - -, o. ,0__0-0_--------- .Unexpended balance June 30, 1928-- - ------- - -- 350. 00 Total amount appropriated to, June 30,, 1928--__- __ ----- 27, 850. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 :1928 rCost ofnew work.-------'----- ---------- ------------------------ --------- -Cost of maintenance.......................- -Total expended......................... $27.13 ].............-,. ......: --- :-----------J--- --- i:-...... --- _---- ---------- - ------------- --- Allotted..................................------------------ $350.00 _. :Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 ----------- $350.00 .Balance unexpended June 30, 1928--------------------------------- 350.00 20. PLYMOUTH HARBOR, MASS. Location and description.-Plymouth Harbor is 45 miles by water south of Boston. Its outer anchorage, the " Cow Yard,' is common to Plymouth, Duxbury, and Kingston. From this anchorage a chan- nel about 2 miles long leads through extensive flats to a turning basin at the inner end opposite the wharves of the town. The channel and harbor are protected on the sea side by Long Beach, a narrow, low sand spit extending generally parallel to the mainland and about 1 mile from it. The harbor contains 2,000 acres, much of which, out- side the channel, is dry at low tide. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 245.) Original condition.-The channel and low-water line -were about 2,500 feet from the wharves at Plymouth, to which access could be had only at, high water. Long Beach was liable to inroads by the .sea that would injure or destroy the harbor. 7~ REPR:4F CIPOF ) EOF i4NINEERS- S. ARMY,' 192 8 Previous projects.--The original project was adopted by act of May 26, 1824, and was for the preservation of the beach. A project for dredging was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1875, and modified in 1877, 1884, and 1885. The cost and expendi- tures prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1899) were $188,646.59 for new work and $2,013.21 for maintenance, a total of $190,659.80, from United States funds. For further: details of previous projects see page 1746 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for (a) protecting by riprap the sections of Long Beach damaged by the storm of November, 1898, and for restoring Eel River to its former course; (b) dredging a channel 18 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide, in- creased at the entrance and on curves, from the bay to the town wharves, a distance of about 2 miles, with a suitable turning basin at the inner end; and (c) dredging a channel 150 feet wide, 15 feet deep at mean low water, extending in a northwesterly direction about 900 feet from a point off the site of northerly Craigs Wharf, with a turning basin 300 feet square, and of the same depth, at its north- westerly end; this channel to be connected with the 18-foot channel by an area to be dredged by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts or other local interests. The mean range of tide is 9.6 feet; the extreme range is 13.7 feet. The estimates of cost for new work, exclusive of amounts ex- pended under previous projects, were as follows: (a) For beach pro- tection, $95,700, made in 1899; (b) for dredging, $167,000, made in 1911; (c) for dredging channel and turning basin, $102,000, made in 1920. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500 for beach protection and $5,000 for dredging. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: (a) The act of March 3, 1899, provided for the beach protection (Annual Report for 1899, p. 1089); (b) the act of March 4, 1913, provided for dredging the 18-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 1194, 62d Cong., 3d sess.); (c) the act of September 22, 1922, provided for the 15-foot extension, including the turning basin (H. Doc. No. 996, 66th Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in the last- mentioned document. Recommended modificatio of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The act of March 4, 1913, required that the Commonwealth of Massachusetts or other local agency contribute one-half the estimated cost of the 18-foot channel. This condition was accepted by the' Commonwealth on June 16, 1918, when an ap- propriation of $83,500 was made, and this amount was deposited to the credit of the Secretary of War August 25, 1913. The cost of the completed work being less than the estimated cost by $53,000, one- half of the saving, or $26,500, was returned to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts on March 10, 1916, under provisions of section 4 of the river and harbor act of March 4, 1915. The town of Plymouth, in 1909, at an expense of $12,000, restored and deepened to 10 feet at mean low water the channel and a por- tion of the basin completed by the Government under the project of 1875. In 1911, with funds provided by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the town of Plymouth, the Commonwealth RIVERS. AND HARBORS BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT dredged a channel to the wharf: of the Plymouth Cordage Co. for a length of about 1,100 feet to the width of 250 feet and depth of 20 feet at mean low water and for a length of about 5,000 feet to the width of 150 feet and depth of 18 feet at mean low water, at a total cost of $143,744.11. In 1915 the Commonwealth dredged an anchorage basin, about 94,000 square feet in area, extending northerly from the Government Channel and easterly of Long, North, and Craig Wharves, to the depth of 12 feet at mean low water, at a cost of $7,000; and com- pleted on December 7, 1917, at a cost of $9,375.34, the dredging of an extension to the Goose Point Channel 60 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean low water, for about 1,600 feet to within a short distance of the originally selected terminal point. A contribution of $400 by the Plymouth Electric Light Co., re- ceived on July 17, 1915, was expended in deepening to 18 feet at mean low water a strip 60 feet wide along the outer edge of the old 9-foot turning basin, the work being done in conjunction with redredging the remainder of the basin to a 15-foot depth. The authorization by the river and harbor act of 1922 for the 15-foot extension at Plymouth requires that the Commonwealth of Massachusetts or other local interests shall contribute one-half the total estimated cost of $102,000, construct a wharf, and accessories upon plans meeting the approval of the Secretary of War and the Chief of Engineers, and dredge an area connecting the existing 18- feet channel with the projected 15-foot channel. The Common- wealth of Massachusetts has contributed its share, or $51;000, and a wharf and required accessories has been constructed by the town of Plymouth. The area connecting the existing 18-foot with the 15-foot channel has been dredged. Terminal facilities.-There are two wharves of solid-fill construc- tion with wooden-pile extensions, one of which is owned by the Com- monwealth of Massachusetts and at present is open to the public free of charge. It is used for summer passenger business and as a land- ing place for small fishing boats. The other is owned by the town of Plymouth and open to free use. The easterly end of the town wharf is occupied by a coal-handling plant equipped with modern mechanical appliances. Depths at the wharves range from 12 to 15 feet at mean low tide. Neither of the wharves is physically con- nected with the railroad. The traffic is small and is almost entirely coal. The facilities appear to be adequate for existing demands. Effect of improvement.-Since the destruction of the wharves in 1921 there has been practically no water-borne freight movement aside from that carried on by a small local passenger steamer and the coal consigned for local consumption. Operationsand results during fiscal year.--There was no field work and there were no expenditures. Condition at end of fscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1927 at a saving of $68,129 under the estimated cost. Work of protecting by riprap the sections of Long Beach damaged by the storm of November, 1898, was completed in 1905. Eel River was restored to its former course in 1904. The dredging of a channel 18 feet deep at mean low water was completed in 1915. The 15-foot 74 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 channel was completed in 1927. Shoaling in the channel just east of the State Pier makes the controlling depth, about 13 feet at mean low water. Expenditures and cost under the existing project have been $230,525, of which amount $188,571.16 was for new work and $41,953.84 for maintenance. In addition $108,400 has been expended from contributed funds, of which $108,000 was for new work and $400 was for maintenance. Proposed openations.-The balance unexpended June 30, 1928, $12,000, will be retained for maintenance dredging. A survey of the entire channel, from the harbor entrance to the town wharf, will be made during the fiscal year 1929 to determine the amount of shoaling, and no work is contemplated until the result of such survey is known. No additional funds can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930. Commercial statistics.-Practically the entire water-borne com- merce of the harbor for the calendar year 1927 consisted of coal, received in barges of 16 to 18 feet draft. An excursion steamer operates between Boston and Plymouth during the summer months, carrying passengers and a Very small tonnage of perishable freight. During a period of about six years the water-borne freight of the harb&r':has been negligible, owing :to the removal of its principal terminal facilities, but the late reconstruction has enabled coal to be received again. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1923 ....-------------- 81 $14, 175 45, 000 1926-------...... --... 339 $14, 500 30, 745 1924--------------__ 96 16, 800 47, 950 14, 220 1927-----.. ..------... 119, 214 31, 480 1925-............ 2 350 49,496 Cost and flnancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928----------------------------$377, 217. 75 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928--------------------------- 43, 967.05 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928-------------- 421, 184. 80 Net total expenditures ---------------------------------------- 421, 184. 80 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928-----------------------------12, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928--------------433, 184. 80 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work------ Cost of maintenance_ ..................... -- _---_ Total expended__--------------------$1, 678. 66 $617.87$40, 093. 39 $65, 424. 77 Allotted--.----------------------------54, 000.00 - .-------------- 12, 725. 00- Balance unexpended July 1, 1927------------------------------ $12, 000.00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928------------------------ ------ 12, 000, 00 1 In addition $108,400 was expended from contributed funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 75 21. CAPE COD CANAL, MASS. Location and description.--This waterway is a sea-level canal, extending from the head of Buzzards Bay, Mass., to a point on Cape Cod Bay, about 15 miles southeast of Plymouth Harbor,, Mass. In general direction the canal trends from Buzzards Bay easterly to Cape Cod Bay. The Cape Cod Bay entrance is called the east end, the Buzzards Bay entrance the west end of the canal. The mainland side of the canal is called the north bank, the Cape Cod side the south bank of the canal. The canal proper, measured between the shore lines, is 7.6 miles long, with approach channels approximately 4.5 miles long in Buzzards Bay and 0.5 mile long in Cape Cod Bay. Three drawbridges cross the canal prism, as follows: Railroad bridge near the western end and two highway bridges, distant from it toward the east approximately 0.7 and 5 miles, respectively. The railroad bridge has a clearance of 2.5 feet above extreme high water, and the highway bridges have a clearance of 30 feet. The clearance between the fenders of all bridges is 140 feet. The mean range of tide in Buzzards Bay is 4.1 feet and in Cape Cod Bay it is 9.4 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 251 and 1208.) Original condition.-This waterway was privately operated and was opened to partial navigation as a toll canal on July. 30, 1914, and to full navigation on April 11, 1916. The total original cost of the canal to the owning company was approximately $13,000,000. The work of construction was done by the Boston, Cape Cod & New York Canal Co. The minimum usable depth at mean low water is 25 feet and the controlling width 100 feet, which is determined by the bottom width of the canal prism. Starting at the western end of the canal, the bottom widths are as follows: 250 feet for a distance of about 0.2 mile. 100 feet for a distance of about 6 miles. 200 feet for a distance of about 0.8 mile. 300 feet for a distance of about 0.4 'mile: The approach channels in Buzzards Bay and Cape Cod Bay have general widths of 250 and 300 feet, respectively, and control- ling depths of about 23 feet at mean low water. At the easterly end of the canal there is a rubblestone jetty 3,000 feet long on the northerly side and a short jetty on the southerly side of the entrance. Although the controlling depth is 23 feet at mean low water, the waterway is not considered safe for navigation of steamers drawing over 20 feet, due to difficulty in handling in the 100-foot width of channel and strong tidal currents which normally exceed 4 miles an hour and reach 6 miles an hour. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the purchase of the canal from the Boston, Cape Cod & New York Canal Co. at a cost of $11,500,000 in accordance with the contract dated July 29, 1921, executed by the Boston, Cape Cod & New York Canal Co., and printed in House Document No. 139, Sixty-seventh Congress, second session. The purchase of the canal was authorized by section 2 of the river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. 76 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Terminal facilities.-The only terminal on the canal is that of the Canal Fish Freezing Co., which is used for the receipt and freezing of fish, and it is considered adequate for the purpose for which it is used. As the canal is now owned by the United States, any terminals constructed in the future will be under permit issued by the War Department, and the interests of private individuals may be safeguarded by the terms of these permits. Effect of improvement.-Since the canal has been operated by the Government as a toll-free waterway the traffic has increased, and its effect on commerce should be a reduction in freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-During the period of Government control no work was done. The acquisition of this waterway by the United States resulted in the elimination of tolls and a large increase in vessel traffic. The saving in tolls to vessels during the three months, April 1 to June 30, 1928, was $261,421.46. The following table is given for comparative purpose: Number of Grossnton- vessels using canal nage Apr. 1-June 30, 1928 ... -------- --------------------------------------- 2, 885 1, 734, 338 Apr. 1-June 30, 1927 .................-------------------------------------------------............................. 1,879 1,096, 612 Increase....... ...........-------------------------------------------.... ......-------- 1,006 637,726 The vessels using the waterway April 1-June 30, 1928, were saved a distance of approximately 200,000 miles and provided with a shel- tered, rather than an exposed route. Ninety-eight naval and Coast Guard vessels were passed through during this period at a saving in tolls of $10,737.85. The use of the canal under present conditions will undoubtedly operate to reduce freight rates. A survey of high- way traffic over the bridges was in progress at end of the year. There were no costs or expenditures. Condition at end of flscal year.-The controlling depth at end of fiscal year was 20.6 feet at mean low water. This depth, however, was over a small area just west of Sagamore Bridge. The least depth, with this exception, was 22 feet at mean low water. The canal and properties were taken over by the United States on March 31, 1928, at a cost;of $11,500,000. Proposed operations.-In order to maintain the original channel depth of 25 feet at mean low water, in the canal prism, and ap- proaches thereto from Buzzards and Cape Cod Bays, negotiations are under way for the acquisition of a small hopper dredge. It is proposed to use this dredge as new accretions form in the canal prism, caused by caving banks, principally due to wave wash from vessels aind the strong tidal currents, the latter carrying large quantities of sand from the approaches. Some revetment work will also be necessary. The allotment of $100,000 made during July, 1928, will be applied as rfollows: Operation of United States dredge,: 8 months, at $9,000 --------------- . $72, 000 Riprapping banks, 4,000 tons stone, at $5.50__-----------_ 22, 000 Engineering, superintendence, contingencies, etc_-.............--- 6, 000 Total ___ __-----_---------_ ____.------------------- 100, 000 RIVERS AND HARBORS BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 77 Additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930 in maintenance dredging and revetment, as follows: Operation United States dredge, 12 months, at $9,000__________--- $108, 000 Riprapping banks, 5,000 tons stone, at $5.50----------- 500 2------------27, Engineering, superintendence, contingencies, etc_ 15, 000 Total-------------------- ---------- ----- 150, 500 No estimate for annual maintenance of this work has heretofore been made. The bridges, ferry, signal system, and other accessories, will be maintained by allotment from the permanent indefinite appropria- tion provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commecial statistics.-Duringthe calendar year 1927 petroleum and its products comprised 37 per cent of the tonnage passing through the canal, coal 23 per cent, and general merchandise, in- cluding automobiles, 26 per cent. The canal was used by 5,745 vessel trips, with a total gross tonnage of 4,003,009, the greatest drafts recorded being those of passenger and freight steamers at 20 feet. During the first four years of operation, freight traffic aver- aged 1,641,000 tons per year; during the past four years, 829,000 tons. Comparative statement Year Tons Approximate value 1 Passengers Year Tons ApproximatePangers value 1 engers 1923-....... 1,509, 526 $432, 687, 787 116,309 1926--------........ 840,063 $304,416,910 166, 787 1924-------- 922,062 221, 116,808 133, 117 1927--------- 894, 763 284, 786, 925 202, 849 1925-------- 661,456 210,441,067 160,184 1As estimated by the canal company. Cost and finantial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928-_--- --------.---.--- (1) Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 Net total expenditures......- Unexpended balance----------------------------------- $100, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated -------------------------- 100, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work ..----------------------------- Cost of maintenance __ - ------.... --- ------ . Total expended---- ... - _ ------- _. ------ -------- __,------------- Allotted-------------------------- _---- Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928.-- ---------------------------------- $100, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - 30, 1930, for maintenance 2__ ____ _ - -- - -- 150, 500.00 1 Purchase price of canal and properties, $11,500,000. SExclusive of available funds. 7?7 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 2 8 22. OPERATING AND CARE OF CAPE COD CANAL, MASS. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for the Cape Cod Canal, Mass. See pages 75 to 77, where general information regarding the improvement can be found. The canal has been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since March 31, 1928. Operations and results during fiscal year.-During the period of Government control no work other than operation, care, and repair' by hired labor to bulkheads, dolphins, bridges, ferry, floating plant, and other property was done. The expenditures during the year- were $38,149.12. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The canal and properties were' taken over by the United States on March 31, 1928, at a cost of' $11,500,000.: The controlling depth on June 30, 1928, was 20.6 feet at: mean low water. This depth, however, was over a very small' area. just west of the Sagamore Bridge. The total'amount expendedl from the permanent indefinite appropriation to the close of the fiscal year was $38,149.12, exclusive ,of outstanding liabilities amounting to, $11,47545. Proposed: operations.-The canal will be operated, and maintained" under allotments from the permanent indefinite appropriation pro- vided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. The highway and railroad bridges, ferry, and signal system will be' operated and repairs thereto made as needed. Minor repairs will bey made to floating plant, buildings, etc. 23. PROVINCETOWN HARBOR, MASS. Location and deseription.-This is an important harbor of refuge' in the bight at the extremity of Cape Cod, about 40 miles: southeast from the entrance to Boston Harbor. Owing to its conformation definite dimensions can not be given, but it contains several square miles of anchorage area well protected against northeast winds., (See- U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 341.) Original condition.--The width and depth of entrance and the, depth,of the anchorage area were ample for the largest vessels, but. actual orlthreatened inroads by the sea across the low and narrow part of the cape east of the town, and at intervals along about 1.51 miles of the narrow beach southwest of the town, were a serious menace. Previous project.-The original project was adopted by the act of- May 20, 1826. The cost and expenditure on the original project prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1910) were $215,800.44 for new work. For further details of previous proje:.t, see page 1746 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a rubblestone protection dike- 5 feet wide at the top and 15 feet above mean low water, across House Point Island Flats from Stevens Point to Wood End, a distance of about 6,150 feet, and for a 300-foot extension of the Long Point beach protection and bringing it up to grade' where necessary. The mean range of tide is 9.2 feet. The extreme range is 13.3 feet. The' estimate of cost for new work, made in 1928, is $145,000, exclusive RIVERS AND HARBORS BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 79 of amount expended under previous project. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 821, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-Along a water frontage of about 7,500 feet there are 14 wharves, of which but 3 extend beyond the low-water line. These wharves are partly wooden bulkheads, but principally pile structures. None are publicly owned, and but one, that of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad Co., is in any sense open to public use. This wharf has at its outer end a maximum depth of about 9 feet at mean low water. (For a further descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of imrprovement.-The object of the improvement is the preservation of this very excellent and important harbor of refuge. The effect upon the commerce of the port is of minor consideration. The harbor furnishes shelter in all weather and has depths sufficient for all classes of vessels. Its principal importance is to small coast- ing vessels and to the fishing fleet. The construction of the Cape Cod Canal has to some extent diminished the need of Provincetown Harbor as a harbor of refuge. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There was no work and there were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is completed with the exception of the 300-foot extension of the Long Point beach protection and bringing it up to grade where necessary. The pro- tection at Long Point is not now considered necessary. A rubblestone beach protection at the east and outside of Long Point was built. This is now in good condition and serving the purpose for which built. Dikes, groins, and other sand-catching devices designed to resist the erosion and promote the accretion of the barrier of beach and sand dunes which protect the harbor were also built, but these timber structures resulted in but small and temporary betterment to the beach. A dike across the House Point Island flats was com- pleted in 1914. It is in good condition and serves the purpose for which built. The net total of results accomplished are a rubblestone beach protection at Long Point and a dike across House Point Island flats. The temporary structures for catching and holding the sand have been practically destroyed. Expenditures have been $132,- 262.28, which amount was the cost of the existing project, $131,653.28 being for new work and $609 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1928, $500, to maintenance and contingencies. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930. Commercial statistics.-The waterborne commerce of the harbor is negligible, and is practically confined to the express freight and passengers carried by an excursion steamer in service between Provincetown and Boston. In 1925 and 1926 there was additional freight service by motor boat between these points, but this has now been discontinued. 14710--ENG 1928---6 80 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers 1925 ....... ...----------------------------------------------------- 1, 618 $193, 637 55, 000 1926........................................................----------------------------------------------------- 1, 750 277, 100 59, 044 1927............................................------------------------------------------------------ 585 87, 750 49,909 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928---------------------------- $347, 453. ,72 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928----------------- --- __ 609. 00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928_ --------- 348, 062. 72 Net total expenditures __- --------------- 348, 062. 72 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 500. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30. 1928---------------- 348, 562. 72 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work...... . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cost of maintenance. Total expended------------ -- ------- ------------------------ Allotted ...............................--------------------------------------------- ------------ $500.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927--------- __-- --------- $500. 00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928- --------------------- 500. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project --------------------------------------------- 13, 300. 00 STATEMENT OF APPROPRIATION AND EXPENDITURES ON WORKS OF RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS TO JUNE 30, 1928, IN THE BOSTON, MASS.. DISTRICT Appropriations (or allotments) : Seacoast harbors and channels ___________-__--__ -$28, 588, 663. 65 Internal waterways ------- 245, 968. 13 Expenditures (exclusive of receipts from sales, etc.) New work-------------------------------------------- 26, 658, 789.07 Maintenance---- ---------------------------------------- 1, 734, 913. 79 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED MARCH 3, 1925, AND JANUARY 21, 1927 Reports on preliminary examinations and surveys required by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, of the following localities within this district were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Har- bors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress and printed in documents as indicated: 1. Preliminary examnination and survey of Dorchester Bay and Neponset River, Mass.-Reports dated October 3, 1925, and Decem- ber 2, 1926, with map, are printed in the House Document No. 147, Seventieth Congress, first session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a channel 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 81 30 feet deep and 300 feet wide in Dorchester Bay from the Boston Harbor main ship channel to connect with the approach channel to the Cow Pasture, at an estimated cost of $162,000, with $1,000 an- nually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. 2. Preliminary examination and survey of Salem Harbor, Mass.- Reports dated January 11, 1926, and February 8, 1927, with map, are printed in House Document No. 112, Seventieth Congress, first session. A plan of improvement is presented which provides for a channel 25 feet deep, 300 feet wide, and about 1,500 feet long, in- cluding the removal of the shoal near Abbott Rock Beacon, at an esti- mated cost of $40,000, with $2,000 annually for maintenance, this im- provement being recommended subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. Reports on preliminary examinations required by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1925, and January 21, 1927, of the following localities within this district were duly submitted by the district engi- neer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress but have not yet been printed. 1. Preliminary examination and survey of Weymouth Fore River. Mass., from Hingham Bay to Quincy.-Reports dated August 26, 1925, and February 23, 1927, were transmitted to Congress April 2, 1928. The improvement of this locality by the United States, other than as authorized by the existing project, is not deemed advisable at the present time. 2. Preliminary examination of Parker Head Harbor and Channel. Kennebec River, Me.-Report dated August 25, 1927, was transmitted to Congress January 14, 1928. The improvement of this locality by the United States is pot deemed advisable at the present time. 3. Preliminaryexamination of channel way of the Moosabec Reach, Me.-Report dated September 12, 1927, was transmitted to Congress February 7, 1928. The improvement of this locality by the United States, other than as authorized by the existing project, is not deemed advisable at the present time. 4. Preliminaryexamination of Camden Harbor,Me.-Report dated September 14, 1927, was transmitted to Congress February 7, 1928. The improvement of this locality by the United States, other than as authorized by the existing project, is not deemed advisable at the present time. 5. Preliminary examination of Danvers River, Mass.-Report dated December 14, 1927, was transmitted to Congress March 15, 1928. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. 6. Preliminaryexamination of Broad Sound, Mass., with a view to the construction of a breakwater in the vicinity of Winthrop.-Re- port dated August 31, 1927, was transmitted to Congress January 14, 1928. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor act of January 21, 1927, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Merrimack River, N. H. and Mass. 82 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 2. Hendricks Harbor, Me. By resolution of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors of the House of Representatives, dated December 16, 1927, a review of reports on Lynn Harbor, Mass., printed in House Document No. 1358, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session, is requested, and report thereon will be submitted as soon as practicable. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT This district includes a part of the State of Massachusetts, com- prising its southern coast line, extending as far north as Chatham Harbor on the east coast line of Cape Cod, and the whole of the States of Rhode Island and Connecticut, including the Connecticut River, Conn. and Mass. District engineers: Maj. R. F. Fowler, Corps of Engineers, to November 7, 1927, and Col. S. A. Cheney, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division Engineer: Col. W. J. Barden, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Pollock Rip Shoals, Nan- 14. Mystic River, Conn____ 110 tucket Sound, Mass______ 82 15. New London Harbor, Conn__ 111 2. Harbor of refuge at Nan- 16. Thames River, Conn .----- 113 tucket, Mass___ _______ 85 17. Connecticut River, above 3. New Bedford and Fairhaven Hartford, Conn- 116 Harbor, Mass__ ..... 87 18. Connecticut River, below 4. Fall River Harbor, Mass___ 90 Hartford, Conn ____.. 118 5. Taunton River, Mass .. __. 92 19. Duck Island Harbor, Conn__ 122 6. Newport Harbor, R. I __ 94 20. Branford Harbor, Conn___ 124 7. Providence River and Har- 21. New Haven Harbor, Conn__ 126 bor, R. I - 95 22. Breakwaters at New Haven, 8. Pawtucket (Seekonk) River, Conn-__-__- - 130 R. I-------------------- 98 23, Milford Harbor, Gonn__.. 130 9. Harbor of Refuge at Point 24. Housatonic River, Conn __. 133 Judith, R. I_-- 101 25. Bridgeport Harbor, Conn___ 135 10. Harbor of Refuge at Block 26. Southport Harbor, Conn __. 139 Island, R. I 108 27. Westport Harbor and Sau- 11. Great Salt Pond, Block Is- gatuck River, Conn ..... 141 land, R. I------------- 106 28. Norwalk Harbor, Conn____ 142 12. Pawcatuck River, R. I. and 29. Stamford Harbor, Conn ... 144 Conn__ - - - 107 30. Greenwich Harbor, Conn___ 147 13. Stonington Harbor, Conn___ 109 1. POLLOCK RIP SHOALS, NANTUCKET SOUND, MASS Location and description.-Pollock Rip Channel is the northerly passage through the shoals off the eastern entrance to Nantucket Sound, connecting the deep water of the sound with that of the ocean. It is about 26 miles east from the harbor of Vineyard Haven, on the island of Marthas Vineyard, Mass., and 60 miles south from Provincetown Harbor, at the northern extremity of Cape Cod. The shoals through which the Pollock Rip Channel passes are sometimes called the Monomoy Shoals. They extend about 14 miles north and south and about 8 miles east and west. The material of these shoals is a shifting sand and gravel, and the depth and location of the old sailing channel was subject to considerable variation, due to wind and currents. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 250.) RIVERS AND HARBORS PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 83 Original condition.-The channel was very crooked and in places narrow. It was subject to very strong tides and directly exposed to the full force of easterly storms of the ocean. Its length was about 121/2 miles, measured from the Handkerchief Light Vessel to the whistling buoy north of Pollock Rip Slue, and, with a depth of 21 feet at mean low water, varied in width from about 2,000 to 3,600 feet, with a width of several miles as the Handkerchief Light Vessel was approached. The limiting depth was 27 feet for a width of 750 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging through the shoals at the eastern entrance to Nantucket Sound wit4~, a Government dredge which is to assist the natural agencies in obtaining such depth and width as may be found practicable, but not exceeding a depth of 30 feet at mean low water and a width of 1 mile. The mean ranges of the tide are, respectively, about 3.7 feet at Monomoy Point, the nearest land, and 6.7 feet at Chatham Light, about 9 miles to the north of this point. The ranges of spring tides at these two points are 4.4 and 7.9 feet. The ranges are largely affected by direc- tion and force of storms. The original expenditure authorized for experimental work was $250,000, and later the operation of a dredge was authorized at an estimated annual cost of $200,000. The esti- mated cost, revised in 1928, of providing a channel of suitable dimen- sions is $1,100,000 for new work and $30,000 for annual maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 536, 62d Cong., 2d sess.), and extended by the act of July 27, 1916 (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 3, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest map is published in the Annual Report for 1915, page 2056. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Lolcal cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement on water rates, if any, can not yet be ascertained. The use of the present channel materially shortens the time and length of passage and reduces the difficulties of navigation through or around these shoals. Operations and results during fiscal year.--Maintenance dredging with the U. S. dredge W. L. Marshall, in progress at the beginning of the year, was completed July 23, 1927, removing 123,911 cubic yards from the northern edge and eastern end of the channel. Fur- ther maintenance work with the same dredge began May 8 and was in progress on June 30. During this period 422,889 cubic yards of sand were removed from the northern and southern edges of the cut between Bearses and Pollock Rip Shoals and from numerous shoals formed within the cut previously dredged. The total cost of the work was $49,868.93, all for maintenance. The expenditures amounted to $38,860.61. Condition at end of fiscal year.-It is believed that the depths pre- viously secured over the northern tongue of the Stone Horse Shoal have been maintained and the bend in the channel there materially improved. A cut 2,000 feet wide has been dredged through Bearses and Pollock Rip Shoals in which the general depth is 32 feet and over, and the least depth on small isolated shoals is 30 feet. On June 30, 1928, the controlling depths were about 32 feet in the 84 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 central portions, 28 feet at the edges, and 29 feet on isolated shoals off the eastern end of the cut. To complete a channel of suitable dimensions requires a widening of the northeastern end of the cut. The costs under the project have been $1,083,504.41 for new work and $174,290.94 for maintenance, a total of $1,257,795.35; and the total expenditures, $1,235,792.27. Proposed operations.-Funds unexpended on June 30, 1928, amounted to $54,207.73. It is proposed to apply these funds to the completion of dredging now in progress and to the payment of out- standing obligations. It is expected that the present dredging will be completed about July 15, 1928. It is proposed to retain the re- maining balance, estimated at $20,000, and apply the same when additional funds are made available to maintenance dredging, in- cluding necessary surveys, in the channel during the fall of 1929. The sum of $20,000 in addition to the probable balance on July 1, 1929, can be profitably expended by the operation of a U. S. sea- going hopper dredge during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, as follows: Operations of seagoing hopper dredge, 11/2 months, at $22,500 per month_ $33, 750 Administration, engineering, and contingencies ---.----------- 6, 250 Total for maintenance_ ...- ____--------- -___ 40, 000 This amount is in excess of the average annual expenditure for maintenance during the past five years, since it represents the cost of 1 /2 years' maintenance. Commercial statistics.-Thereare no available means of determin- ing the amount and value of the commerce which passes through this channel, as it forms a part of that reaching many of the ports on the North Atlantic coast. The number of vessels reported as passing the light vessels at the entrances to the channel is as follows: Steamers Calendar year motor Tugs sels Barges Yachts Total vessels 1923 1- --------------------- 3, 089 1, 253 871 3, 265 ---------- 8, 478 1924 -----------------------...... 4, 926 1, 467 1, 021 3, 707 .-----.- 11,121 1925.... -------------------------------- 1926_...______ __ .. ____ . .. . .____---- - 6, 607 4, 737 1, 197 1, 093 2 1,380 3 1,131 2,759 ----------- 11,943 2, 626 .... 9,587 1927................... ...-......... 5,121 1, 100 690 2,802 657 10, 370 1 Exclusive of period from Aug. 25 to Oct. 16, inclusive. 2 Includes 142 yachts. a Includes 139 yachts. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928___ -- ______ ________$1, 083, 504. 41 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928--------------------------- 174, 290. 94 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 _______________ 1, 257, 795. 35 Add accounts receivable June 30, 1928 __ ___________________ 6, 725. 98 Gross total costs to June 30, 1928 , 264, 521. 33 1---------------------------- Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928__--- -_______________ 28, 729. 06 Net total expenditures-------------------------------------- 1,235, 792. 27 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 ---------------- 54, 207. 73 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-.- 1, 290, 000. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS -PROVIDENCE, RB. I. DISTRICT 85 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work..------------------------------- -. Cost of maintenance ...--------------.------------------------ ------------------ $49, 868. 93 Total expended-------- ..... --. _ $89, 089. 46 $33, 298. 61 $43, 221. 10 $12, 504. 96 38, 860.61 Allotted_ 130, 000. - 000.00 - 70,--000.00 50 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 ------------------------- $93, 068. 34 Gross amount expended ------------------------------ $38, 870. 51 Less receipts from sales---------------------- ------ 9. 90 38, 860. 61 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928-------------------------------__ 54, 207. 73 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928. 28, 729. 06 Balance available June 30, 1928--------------------------------- 25, 478. 67 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- existing project 1 16, 500. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 30, 1930, for maintenance 20, 000. 00 2. HARBOR OF REFUGE AT NANTUCKET, MASS. Location ad description. The harbor of Nantucket is an inden- tation in the coast line on the northerly side of the island of Nan- tucket. It is 32 miles east-southeast from the harbor of Vineyard Haven, on the island of Marthas Vineyard, Mass., and 80 miles south from the harbor of Provincetown, at the northern extremity of Cape Cod. The harbor extends about 6 miles in a northeast and south- west direction, with a width of from one-half to 11/2 miles. It is practically landlocked. There are about 68 acres 12 feet or more in depth and 750 acres 9 feet or more in depth. The entrance channel is protected by jetties. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 343.) Original condition.-The channel entrance to the harbor was obstructed by a bar 1.5 miles in width, over which was a limiting depth of 6 feet at mean low water. The channel was narrow, crooked, and subject to changes in location and depth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the act of March 2, 1829. Cost and expenditures under this project, prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1880, were $45,834.75. For further details of previous project see page 1747, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 15 feet deep at mean low water, without prescribed width, through the bar at the entrance and for converging jetties of riprap, 6,987 feet and 5,755 feet long on the east and west sides, respectively, of the entrance. The mean range of the tide is 3.1 feet, and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 5 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $493,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous project. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000.' The project was authorized by the following river and harbor 1 Exclusive of available funds. 86 IMEPORT OF CHIEF OF E' GINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 acts: The act of June 14, 1880, provided for the west jetty (H. Doc. No. 18, 46th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1880, p. 423); the act of August 5, 1886, provided for the east jetty (Annual Report for 1885, p. 579); the acts of March 3, 1905, and March 2, 1907, provided for dredging in the channel between the jetties, the estimate for which had not been included in the 1885 estimate. For latest published map see Annual Report for 1916, page 1912. Recommended audifoa!tions of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts and local interests have expended for dredging and rock removal nearly $59,000. Terminal facilities.-These consist of four piers privately owned but used by the public on payment of wharfage, affording a total of about 3,000 feet of docking space. Facilities are adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement. So far as known, the project has had no effect on water rates, but the widening and deepening of the channel gives the use of the harbor to vessels of larger size. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations were con- fined to an examination of channel conditions. The total costs were $81.50, all for maintenance. Expenditures amounted to $81.50. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 87 per cent completed. The channel has been dredged to project depth, with a width of 300 feet, and to 12 feet depth for an additional width of 150 feet. The jetties have been built to varying height and cross section with a view to controlling and regulating the scour between them. The outer ends of the jetties are in fair condition, the balance being in good repair. As determined in 1928, the controlling depth at mean low water in the entrance channel is about 13 feet across the bars at the outer and inner ends of the channel. To complete the project, the west jetty is to be extended about 800 feet and the channel widened at the inner end. The costs under the existing project have been $426,595.70 for new work and $159,931.88 for maintenance, a total of $586,527.58, and the expenditures $586,527.58. Proposed operations.-Funds unexpended on June 30, 1928, amounted to $1,111.17. It is proposed to apply these funds to main- tenance contingencies. To provide for necessary maintenance dredging in the entrance channel and for widening the sharp turn just outside of Brant Point, funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930, as follows : Dredging 120,000 cubic yards of sand, at 28 cents per cubic yard--- $33, 600 Adminisration, inspection, and contingencies ------------------------ 3,400 Total------------------------------------ ----------------- 37, 000 The sum for maintenance is in excess of the average annual expend- iture for that purpose during the preceding five years because no maintenance dredging has been done since 1925. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the cal- endar year were coal, petroleum products, miscellaneous building ma- terials, fish, and general package freight carried in schooners, barges, motor vessels, and steamers. There was an increase in traffic of about 5 percent over that reported for 1926. RIVERS AND HARBORS PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 87 Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1923 .........37, 672 $13, 858, 920 61,746 1926......... 52, 041 $12, 272, 291 76,676 1924 ----------.... . 49, 781 15,194, 363 66, 398 1927 ........ 54, 508 12, 762, 528 77,718 1925 ....---------- 51,230 12, 646, 379 79,262 Cost and finacial sinmnary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 -------------------------$472, 430. 45 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 ----------------------- 159, 931.88 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------ 632, 362. 33 Net total expenditures _____- -___---- 632, 362. 33 6___-____ Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 ----------------- 111. 17 1,----------- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------------ 633, 473. 50 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Co s t o f new wor k Cost of maintenance - - .- --.. .... --- --. --- ...----------.------ .... ----------- ... ---.... ........ $81.------------ Total expeded-------------------------.. $77. 28 $13, 861: 53 $41 598. 76 ------------ 81.50 Allotted--. ----------------- --- ...------------42, 000. 00 ____ Balance unexpended July 1,1927 . _ $1, 192. 67 Gross amount expended- .-.------------ ------ 81. 50 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 --------------------------- 1, 111. 17 Amount (estimated) - required to be appropriated for completion of existing project - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - -- -- - - -- - -- - -- 66, 400.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930: - - - - - - -- - -- - - For new work 1- - - - - - - - - - - - 24, 000. 00 For maintenance ---------------- 13, 000. 00 Total 1-------------------- 37, 000.; 00 3. NEW BEDFORD AND FAIRHAVEN HARBOR, MASS. Location and description.-New Bedford Harbor is a tidal estuary on the western side of Buzzards Bay, about 21 miles by water north- westerly from the harbor at Vineyard -Haven, .Mass., and about 42 miles to the eastward of Point Judith Harbor, R. I. It comprises an outer harbor about 3 miles long by 17/s miles wide; an inner harbor about 2 miles long and three-fourths mile wide; and the tidal portion of the Acushnet River up to Belleville. The eastern portion of the harbor is called Fairhaven Harbor. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 252.) Original condition.-The greater portion of the harbor was very shoal, and the channel through it had a minimum depth of only 121/2 feet at mean low water. The head of navigation was at Belleville, about 5 miles north of the entrance at Butler Flats. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 88 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Previow? projects.-The original project was adopted by the act of 1836 and modified and extended by the river and harbor acts of March 3., 1875, and August 11, 1888. The cost and expenditures under this project, prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1907, were $170,700 for new work. For further details of previous projects see page, 1748, Annual Report of 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 300 feet wide from Buzzards Bay to the north end of Fish Island just above the New Bedford and Fairhaven Bridge, 2.9 miles; a turning basin covering about 14 acres, with a width of 700 feet above the bridge; and an anchorage below the bridge of about 114 acres between New Bedford and Fairhaven, all to be 25 feet deep at mean low water, the turning basin extending southward and the anchorage area northward along the New Bedford front to the bridge; and a channel 100 feet wide and 18 feet deep at mean low water from the turning basin north of Fish Island to Belleville, a distance of about 2.15 miles, with a turn- ing basin at the upper end 300 feet wide. The mean range of the tide is 4 feet, and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 7 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $672,000, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1907, provided for the entrance channel, anchorage area, channel through the bridge, and turning basin above it (H. Doc. No. 271, 59th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 3, 1909, provided for extending the 25-foot channel along the New Bedford wharf front near the bridge; the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the 18-foot channel in the Acushnet River to Belleville (H. Doc. No. 442, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended' modiflcations of project.-None. Local cooperaition.-The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, imposed the condition that local interests construct a new bridge at Coggeshall Street with a draw opening of at least 100 feet and build a substantial wharf upon the city property at Belleville, the name given to the northern part of the city. These conditions have not been met, and there is no present prospect of their being complied with. Under War Department permit the Commonwealth of Massa- chusetts has completed a channel 100 feet wide and 25 feet deep at mean low water from the upper end of the turning basin north of Fish Island to about 800 feet below the Coggeshall Street Bridge, at a cost of approximately $118.;000. The Commonwealth has also constructed in the harbor a modern steamship terminal at an approxi- mate cost, including dredging, of over $500,000. Terminal facilities.-These consist of piers and wharves with a total of about 17,680 feet of docking space, of which 2,520 feet are publicly owned, 3,850 feet privately owned but used by the public upon payment of wharfage, and 11,310 feet privately owned and so used. The wharves on the New Bedford side of the harbor have or can easily secure railroad connection. One on the Fairhaven side is so connected. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing RIVERS.- AND HARBORS PROVIDENICEP, R. I., DISTRICT commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the deep water on commerce is the use of deeper draft vessels and larger cargoes. These condi- tions have undoubtedly reduced the water rates, but to what extent is not known. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations were con- fined to work on the revision of the harbor-line system at a cost of $373.92, applied to maintenance. The expenditures, including gen- eral contingencies and harbor-line surveys, amounted to $476.92. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 87 per cent completed. The 25-foot channel and turning basin have been completed and all of the anchorage area except a few spots along the southern edge. The controlling depths as determined in 1927 were 25 feet in the entrance channel, the channel through the basin, and the turning basin above the bridge; 25 feet in the anchor- age below the bridge except in the southwestern portion north of Palmers Island; and in the Acushnet River about 23 feet to about 800 feet below the Coggeshall Street Bridge, and thence 7 feet to Belleville. The head of navigation is about 5 miles north of the entrance at Butlers Flats. To complete the project requires the dredging of the 18-foot channel up to Belleville and the removal of rocky shoals in the anchorage area. The costs under the existing project have been $581,914.05 for new work and $183,238.53 for main- tenance, a total of $765,152.58, and the expenditures $765,151.58. Proposed operations.-Funds unexpended on June 30, 1928, amounted to $2,258.42. These funds will be applied to surveys and maintenance contingencies. Pending a thorough examination of the rocky area northerly from Palmers Island, now marked by navigation aids, no maintenance work is urgently necessary. Therefore no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were coal, petroleum products, trap rock, lumber, and general package freight carried principally in steamers, motor ves- sels, and barges drawing from 8 to 25 feet. There was a decrease in tonnage of about 8 per .cent from that reported for 1926, due prin- cipally to decreased traffic in coal and stone. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers - 1923__ 1, 088, 022 $129, 689. 793 1 175, 000 1926...... 1, 062, 239 $133, 542, 006 167, 282 1924 . 908,813 89,850,310 158,200 1927-...... 973, 309 144, 760, 415 175,134 1925 ...... - 1,033, 829 129, 622, 261 169, 263 1 Approximate. Cost and financial sunvmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 ---- _____-----------$752, 614. 05 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928---- .-.------- ____- 183, 238. 53 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928________-_ 935, 852. 58 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928 -------... __-__ _-__-__ 1. 00 Net total expenditures---------------_---- -935, 851. 58 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 ------ - - - - -2, 258.42 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928--__- 938, 110. 00 90 REPORT. OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMVIY, 1928 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work - _-- - - - - - - -- - - -- -- - Cost of maintenance_--------------- ----------- --------------------------------- $373.92 Total expended .......--------------------- $126, 001. 66 $462. 7 $1, 744. 17 $37, 867. 81 476. 9 Allotted----.----------------------------53,000.00 ------------ --------- 38,500.00 ----------- Balance unexpended July 1, 1927____________-------__ $2, 735.34 Gross amount expended--------------------------------------476. 92 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928---------------- 2, 258. 42 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928 -------------------------- 1.00 Balance available June 30, 1928_____----_-------__ 2, 257. 42 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - existing project 1 90, 000. 00 4. FALL RIVER HARBOR, MASS. Location and description.-Fall River Harbor is situated at the mouth of Taunton River, on the east side and at the head of Mount Hope Bay, which empties into the ocean through Narragansett Bay and Sakonnet River. There is but slight protection to the harbor from the southwest; from other directions it is practically land- locked. It extends about 51 miles in a northeast and southwest direction and is from one-fourth to 21/ miles in width. It is about 18 miles northerly from Newport Harbor. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 353.) Original condition.-The approach channel through Mount Hope Bay had a ruling usable depth of about 21 feet at low tide, except for a distance of about 1 mile in the middle part of the bay, where the depth diminished to 15 feet. Along the water front in the re- entrant in the wharf line above the Old Colony Steamboat Co.'s wharf the depth was only 6 feet, and a considerable area of the har- bor, especially at the north end, had a much less depth. Previous project.-The original project was adopted by the river andlharbor act of June 23, 1874. The total cost and expenditures under this project prior to 1899 were $30,000. For further details of this project see page 1749, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 300 feet wide and 25 feet deep at mean low water through Mount Hope Bay and Fall River Harbor, about 43/4 miles, and for an anchorage basin, about 951/2 acres in area, west of the harbor channel. The mean tidal range is 4.9 feet and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 8 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1910, is $318,412, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1910) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $6,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1889, provided for the channel through the harbor (H. Doc. No. 56, 55th Cong., 1st sess., smaller project); the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the channel through 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 91 Mount Hope Bay (same document, but the larger project); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the anchorage basin and for the pres- ent location of the harbor channel (H. Doc. No. 778, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of 17 piers having 11,500 feet of docking space, and wharves affording 5,500 feet additional dock- ing space. Three of the piers have direct railroad connection. One pier, belonging to the city of Fall River, is open to general public use. The facilities are considered adequate for the commerce of the port. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doec. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The increased depth in the approach channel and in the harbor permits the entrance of larger vessels and cargoes and facilitates the handling of the large steamers of the Fall River Line to New York. It is believed that the improvement has effected a decrease in water rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operationswere con. fined to an examination of channel conditions. The costs were $923.99, applied to maintenance. The expenditures amounted to $923.99. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1913 at a saving of $18,208 under the estimated cost. The controlling depths at mean low water as determined in 1928 are: En- trance channel and channel through the basin (not full width), 25 feet; balance of anchorage area, 22 to 25 feet. The costs under the existing project have been $300,204.16 for new work and $81,410.31 for maintenance, a total of $381,614.47, and the expenditures $381,614.47. Proposed operations.-Funds unexpended on June 30, 1928, amounted to $797.02. It is proposed to apply these funds to main- tenance contingencies. An examination of the channel indicates full project depth for practically full width. No additional funds can therefore be profit- ably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the cal- endar year were petroleum products, coal, textiles, and general pack- age freight, carried in steamers, motor vessels, and barges drawing from 9 to 28 feet. There was an increase in tonnage of about 42 per cent over that reported for 1926, due largely to increased traffic in petroleum products and partly to increased receipts of coal. Comparative statement To and from Fall River Harbor In transit to and from Taunton River Year Tons Value Passengers Tons Value 1923 ......-............... __ ..... ..... 3, 315, 086 $181, 318,850 304, 237 34, 020 $305, 374 1924__ .. __-...... - . ....... . 2,545,267 163, 009, 618 254, 694 29,202 258, 383 1925--------- ... 2,295,654 160, .....--------------------- 386,025 236,605 28,645 284, 895 - 1926.....-. -- _.. . . 2.027, 906 125, 349, 130 227,935 742 25, 233, 549 ... 1927---- ...... .. -.------.. .. 2,887,678 140, 312, 417 253,339 054 13, 128, 784 Does not include cargoes rehandled or originating in Fall River. 92 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928----------------------------- $330, 204. 16 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------- 81, 410. 31 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------411, 614. 47 Net total expenditures ------------------------------------ 411, 614. 47 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928---------------- -------------- 797. 02 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928_---------------412, 411. 49 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work_ Cost of maintenance---------------- --------------------------------------------- $923.99 Total expended....------------------------ $821. 47 $745. 81 $200. 88 $101.07 $923. 99 Allotted Balance unexpended July 1, 1927----------------------------- $1,721. 01 Gross amount expended---------- --------------------------- 923. 99 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 ------------------------- 797.02 5. TAUNTON RIVER, MASS. Location and description.-Taunton River rises in Norfolk County, Mass., flows in a general south by west direction about 44 miles, and empties into Mount Hope Bay at Fall River. The rive' has a drain- age area of about 529 square miles, with a mean fresh water discharge of about 800 second-feet. It is tidal for 21 miles above its mouth to East Taunton Dam. Dighton, the lower end of the improvement, is about 8 miles above the mouth of the river. (See U. S. Geological Survey sheets Taunton and Fall River.) Original condition.-That portion of the river under improvement had in places a width of about 100 feet and a minimum depth of 1 foot. The channel was crooked and obstructed in many places by bowlders. A vessel of 30 tons was as large as could go up to Taun- ton. The head of navigation was at Taunton, about 15 miles above the mouth of the river. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 11, 1870. The cost and expenditures under this project, prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1880, were $63,000 for new work. For further details of previous projects, see page 1748, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean high water and 100 feet wide from the mouth of the river to Berkley Bridge, about 1 mile above Dighton (below Dighton the natural depth meets this requirement) ; thence the same depth and 80 feet wide with enlargements to 100 feet at the bends to Briggs Shoal; thence same width and 11 feet deep to the shipyard; thence same depth and 60 feet wide to Weir Bridge. The mean tidal range is 4.9 feet at the mouth, 5.5 feet at Dighton, and 3.4 feet at Weir Bridge. The maximum range, due to the com- bined effects of wind and other causes, is 8 feet or more at the mouth and at Dighton, and about 5 feet at the head of navigation. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1894, is $125,000, exclusive of amount expended on previous project. The latest RIVERS AND HARBORS PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 93 (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880 (S. Ex. Doc, No. 61, 46th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 110, Sixty-fifth Congress, first session. Recommenaded moodifications of project.- None. Local cooperation..-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of wharves, privately owned, but used to some extent by the public upon payment of wharfage, at Dighton, with docking space of about 480 feet; Church's Wharf and Briggs' Wharf, each 40 feet; North Dighton Wharf, 180 feet; and Weir village, 5,460 feet; a total of 6,200 feet. There is no railroad connection with any of these wharves. A trolley line runs near to and parallel with the wharf line in Weir village. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The deepening and widening of the chan- nel enables vessels of light draft to carry full cargoes to Taunton without, as previously, lightering at Fall River. The improvement, however, is now inadequate for the present type of vessels in coast- wise traffic. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-There were no operations. The costs were $14.34, applied to maintenance. The expenditures amounted to $14.34. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was practi- cally completed during the fiscal year 1900. The 11 and 12 foot channels had been dredged their projected lengths, and those shoals of subsequent formation offering the greatest obstruction to naviga- tion had been redredged several times. The channel has suffered some deterioration in depth and width. It is claimed by those using the channeYconstantly that it can not be used safely by vessels draw- ing more than 9 feet intending to make the round trip on one tide. The head of navigation is at Taunton. The costs under the existing project have been $108,497.93 for new work and $32,831.26 for main- tenance, a total' of $141,329.19, and the expenditures $141,329.19. Proposed operations.-Funds unexpended on June 30, 1928, amounted to $359.99. These funds will be applied to maintenance contingencies. The sum of $1,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930 for a survey to determine the condition of the improvement. Commnercial statistics.-The commerce of the river consists almost entirely of coal, fuel oil, and clay, carried in schooners and barges drawing 71/2 to 9 feet. There was an increase of about 42 per cent in tonnage over that reported for 1926, due principally to the in- creased receipts of coal. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1923_ 332 70, $573, 486 1926--...-............. 52, 980 $405, 494 1924._ 55,993 415,017 1927-_-_-- ----------------- 75,111 572,876 1925._ . . . .- - . 71,246 563,672 94 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928----------------------------- $171, 497. 93 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------ 32, 831.26 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 __- ____-_ 204, 329. 19 Net total expenditures ___---------------- 204, 329. 19 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928---------------------- 359. 99 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------- ___ -- 204, 689. 18 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work.......... Cost of maintenance.....---- --------------------------------------------- $14.34 Total expended........... $9.55-..-------- $116.72 $8.95 14.34 Allotted ------------------------------------------- 500.00-......... ....... Balance unexpected July 1, 1927 ------------------------------ $374. 33 Grsamountexpended --------------------------------------- 14. 34 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928----------------- --- 359. 99 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16, 500.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1, 000. 00 6. NEWPORT HARBOR, R. I. This project was completed during the fiscal year 1916, at a saving of $38,571 under the estimated cost. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year, and there are no funds available. No work is now proposed, as the channel and anchorage areas are in a satis- factory condition to meet the demands of the present commerce. For a full description of this project, see Annual Repott for 1924, page 77. Commercial statistics.--The principal items of freight for the cal- endar year were coal, refined petroleum products, sand and gravel, fish, and general package freight, carried principally in steamers, motor vessels, and barges, drawing from 8 to 15 feet. There was a decrease in traffic of about 6 per cent from that reported for 1926. Comparative statement Receipts and shipments Ferry Year Tons Value Passengers Tons Value Passengers 1923... ......-----------------.. ---.. 134, 011 $8, 606, 251 165, 376 (a) (a) (a) 1924....................------------------------- 145, 274 12, 215, 022 170, 292 115, 850 $76, 675, 000 430, 000 1925.................------------------------- 146, 532 14, 220, 157 151, 574 230, 000 92, 500, 000 500, 000 1926 .. 137, 486 ..------------------------- 9, 314, 464 123, 452 98, 500 34, 000, 000 432, 163 1927_.------------------------- _ 128, 984 11,140, 250 128,514 122,881 42, 060, 500 450,114 1 1 1 1 a No data available. 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 95 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928_--- ___-__---------------$680, 025. 52 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------- 24, 229. 79 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928-- ------------ 704, 255.31 Net total expenditures------- ---------------------------- 704, 255. 31 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928__----- 04, 255 31 7-------------- Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work...----------------------------------------------------- ----------- Cost of maintenance....----------------------------- -------------------------------- Total expended------------------------- $14.33------------..------------------------- Allotted---------------------------------------------- Allotted. -------------------------- . 7. PROVIDENCE RIVER AND HARBOR, R. I. Loccftion and descrpition.-ProvidenceRiver is formed at the city of Providence by the junction of the Pawtucket (Seekonk) River and two small streams which rise in northern Rhode Island. It is tidal and flows southerly in a deep channel between broad flats about 8 miles, emptying into Narragansett Bay. It has a total drainage area of about 870 square miles and a mean fresh-water discharge of about 1,400 second-feet. The width varies from about 3 miles near the mouth to 1,400 feet at Field's Point and 200 feet at the head of navigation. Providence Harbor is in that part of the iriver north of Fields Point. The section included in the project is about 1.6 miles long and 800 to 1,800 feet wide. It is about 37 miles north of the Point Judith harbor of refuge at the entrance to Narragansett Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 278.) Orig inal condition.-Providence River was obstructed by many shoals, and at one point in the channel near the head of navigation the minimum depth was but 4.5 feet at mean low water. Providence Harbor was a shallow tidal basin, with a channel of about 12 feet depth and of varying widths. The heads of navigation were at Providence and at Pawtucket through its main branch, the Paw- tucket River. The navigable portion is about 8 miles in Providence River and 5 miles additional in Pawtucket River. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the act of August 30, 1852, and modified and extended by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1873, June 18, 1878, August 2, 1882, August 5, 1886, June 3, 1896, June 13, 1902, March 2, 1907, and June 25, 1910. The cost and expenditures under previous projects were $2,422,- 730.35 for new work and $58,538.96 for maintenance, a total of $2,481,269.31. For further details of previous projects see page 1750, Annual Report of 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an approach channel 30 feet deep at mean low water and 600 feet wide through the river from the deep water of Narragansett Bay opposite North Point, on Popas- quash Neck, up to Fields Point, 8.8 miles, and thence with the same depth through the harbor, from 1,300 feet wide to 1,800 feet wide, 14710---E 1928-----7 96 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, . S. ARMY, 1928 reducing to 800 feet at Fox Point, and limited on the east and west sides by the harbor lines, excepting the area formerly known as Green Jacket Shoal, about 1.6 miles to Fox Point. The mean tidal range is about 4.7 feet and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 8 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $1,350,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $35,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 1369, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1915, page 2068. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, provided that " No part of this amount ($459,000, estimated cost of the work then provided for) shall be expended until satisfactory assurances that the city of Providence or other local agency will expend on the improvement of the harbor front in accordance with said document (H. Doc. 606, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) above referred to a sum equal to the amount herein appropriated and authorized." The proper assurances were promptly given and approved by the Secretary of War September 6, 1910. The river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, provided as follows: That no work in the harbor proper north of Fields Point shall be done until the Secretary of War is satisfied that the State and city have completed their proposed expenditures in the combined Providence and Pawtucket Harbors up to at least $2,000,000 for public terminals or other permanent public harbor improvements. This was modified by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1915 (Rivers and Harbors Committee Doc. No. 9, 63d Cong., 2d sess.), by the addition of the words- or shall have given to the Secretary of War assurance satisfactory to him that the expenditure of the $2,000,000 aforesaid will be completed within a time satisfactory to him and not later than three years from the passage of this amendment. This assurance was given the Secretary of War and was approved by him June 11, 1915. The entire amount was expended by the State of Rhode Island and city of Providence prior to March 4, 1918. The Providence River above Fox Point to the head of navigation is maintained by the city to a depth of 20 feet at mean low water. Terminal facilities.-These consist of piers and wharves with a total docking space of 32,170 feet, of which 5,060 feet is publicly owned, about 7,020 feet is open for general public use upon payment of wharfage, and 20,090 feet is privately owned and used. Practi- cally all of these wharves and piers are or can easily be connected with railroad lines which are in operation on all sides of the harbor. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. A marine railway, capable of hauling out a vessel of 3,200 tons, with extensive facilities for marine repairs, has been established but is not now in operation. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvemet.-The increased depth afforded by the im- provement has permitted the use of the larger and more economical units of transportation and has increased the development of the port as a distributing center for supplying central and southeastern New England with oil, coal, and lumber. RIVERS AND HARBORS PROVIDENCE R. I., DISTRICT 97 Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging with the U. S. dredge Atlantic began September 12 and was com- pleted October 29. During the period 360,289 cubic yards of mud and sand were removed from the bar across the entrance channel south of Conimicut Light and from the channel edges as far north as Sabine Point Light. A detailed survey was made of the rock area south of Conimicut Light. The costs were $4,698.06 for the survey, all applied to new work, and $34,878.28 for dredging and $909.42 for general contingencies, all applied to maintenance, a total of $40,485.76. The total expenditures were $42,185.11. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 98 per cent completed. The approach channel has been dredged to proj- ect depth, except for a rocky area southeasterly from Conimicut Light, from opposite North Point, on Popasquash Neck, to Fields. Point. Above Fields Point, the entire harbor up to Fox Point has been dredged to a depth of 30 feet. The controlling depths at mean low water are: Approach channel up to Fields Point, 30 feet (nearly full width); eastern portion of harbor area, 30 feet; western portion of harbor area, 28 feet; Green Jacket Shoal (not included in exist- ing project), 22 to 26 feet. To complete the project requires the removal of a ledge or boulder ridge in the eastern part of the entrance channel south of Conimicut Light. The total costs under the existing project have been $1,302,511.22 for new work and $281,053.62 for maintenance, a total of $1,583,564.84, and the expendi- tures $1,602,564.90. Proposed operations.-Funds unexpended on June 30, 1928, amounted to $7,024.76. It is proposed to apply the funds to out- standing liabilities and to maintenance contingencies, exhausting them by June 30, 1930. The rocky shoal on the eastern side of the channel south of Coni- micut Light is adequately marked and its removal can be delayed. No funds can therefore be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were petroleum products, coal, lumber, stone, and general package freight, carried in steamers, motor vessels, and barges, drawing from 8 to 28 feet. A large proportion of the petro- leum products, coal, and lumber, was carried in steamers drawing from 22 to 28 feet, and general package freight in steamers drawing from'14 to 18 feet. Of the total traffic, about 43 per cent was petroleum products, and 42 per cent was coal. All coastwise traffic to and from Pawtucket (Seekonk) River passes through Providence Harbor in transit. There was a decrease in tonnage of about 3 per cent from that reported for 1926. Comparative statement To and from Providence In'transit Year Tons Value Passengers Tons Value Passengers 1923__........______............ 5, 206, 553 $407, 505, 292 280, 147 272, 313 $44, 481, 691 (1) 1924_------------- . 4, 111, 215 461, 343, 405 318,477 240,213 39,975,070 (1) 1.925_ ............. ----. .. 4, 885, 758 462, 345, 265 294, 865 286, 937 39, 649, 974 6,402 1926 .... ..------------------- 5, 294, 370 437, 480, 340 254, 573 338, 000 55, 131, 000 (1) 1927---- ----------- . 5, 118, 547 461, 404, 824 278, 227 258, 649 59, 670, 081 (1) 1 No data available. 98 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928_------------------------$3, 725, 241. 57 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 ---------------------- 339, 592. 58 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928-------- 4, 064, 834. 15 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928----------- 17, 097. 67 Net total cost to June 30, 1928----------------------- 4. 081, 931. 82 Add accounts receivable June 30, 1928__-- _--------------__ 2, 123. 25 Gross total costs to June 30, 1928 .-.--------------- 4, 084, 055.07 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928----------- ----------- 220. 86 Net total expenditures____________-- ___-------_ 4, 083, 834. 21 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928---------------------------- 7, 024. 76 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 ----------- 4, 090, 858. 97 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work..........-------------------------..--------------------------------.............................. $4, 698. 06 Cost of maintenance--.............--------- ------------ ------------------------ ---------. 35,787. 70 Total cost--.........----------......-------.......---......---------------------------------- 40, 485. 76 Total expended_---.-_--------------$168, 174. 50 $128, 635. 87 $46, 687. 17 $96, 479. 35 42, 185. 11 Allotted----------.. ----....... .......-------------- 89,000. 00 .......... 100 000.00 .. 25,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 $24, 209. 87 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927------------------------------------------ 25, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for------------------------------49, 209. 87 Gross amount expended ------------------------- $42, 195. 11 Less receipts from -sales----------------------------- 10. 00 42, 185. 11 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928------------------------ 7, 024. 76 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928 ---------------------------- 220. 86 Balance available June 30, 1928_-_-----.....--,____- 6, 803.90 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1----- ------------------------------- 47, 500. 00 8. PAWTUCKET (SEEKONK) RIVER, R. I. Location and description.-This river rises in the vicinity of Worcester, Mass., and flows in a general southeasterly direction for about 50 miles, emptying into Providence Harbor at Providence. Between Providence and Pawtucket, a distance of 5.2 miles, within which lies the improved portion, the river is tidal. Above Pawtucket the river is used for power and manufacturing purposes, and is known as the Blackstone. The total drainage area is about 547 square miles, and the mean fresh-water discharge is about 885 second- feet. The width between the shores varies from about 100 feet, be- tween the wharves at Pawtucket, to about 2,700 feet in the widest portions. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 278.) Original condition.-The river between Providence and Pawtucket was a shoal tidal basin, with a ruling depth in the channel of about 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 99 5 feet at mean low tide. The basin was wide and the channel narrow and obstructed by two bridges with badly arranged draws. Navi- gation was difficult even for small vessels. The head of navigation was at Pawtucket Falls, about 5.2 miles above the mouth of the river. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the act of March 2, 1867, and modified and extended by the river and harbor acts of July 5, 1884, and March 3, 1899. The cost and expenditures under this project, prior to operations under the existing project in 1906, were $334,425.32 for new work. For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1749. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 16 to 18 feet deep at mean low water and 150 to 230 feet wide from Red Bridge up to the ledge rock between the wharves at Pawtucket, 3.2 miles; thence with same depths 100 to 60 feet wide through the ledge to Division Street Bridge, 0.2 mile. The mean tidal range is, about 4.7 feet at the mouth of the river and about 5 feet at Pawtucket, and the maxi- mum ranges due to the combined effect of wind and other causes are about 8 and 7 feet, respectively. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1922, is $423,035, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects but includ- ing the expenditure of funds contributed by the State of Rhode Island to the amount of $67,792. The latest (1928) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1905, provided for the 16-foot channel from Red Bridge, in Providence, to Division Street Bridge, in Pawtucket (H. Doc. No. 113, 56th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of March 3, 1909, authorized the expenditure of any balance remaining after the completion of work then under contract in deepening the channel to 18 feet at mean low water and increasing the width at such places as would best serve the interests of navigation; the act of March 2, 1919, provided for widening the channel except through the ledge at Pawtucket to 150 feet (H. Doc. No. 1283, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) ; and the act of September 22, 1922, provided for the present width of channel through the ledge at Pawtucket (H. Doc. No. 654, 66th Cong. 2d sess.). The latest published map is in House Docu- ment No. 1283, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of May 2, 1907, required that the State of Rhode Island, or other agency, should con- tribute $67,792, which was complied with. The State of Rhode Island has also built a public wharf, 700 feet in extent, with a ware- house and suitable approaches, at a cost of about $234,000. Terminail facilities.-Including the terminals at and near Phillips- dale, four in number, these cover about 4,940 feet of docking space, of which 700 feet is owned by the State of Rhode Island and 4,240 feet owned and used by private owners. Of the latter, some portions are at times used by the public upon payment of wharfage. The wharves at Phillipsdale have near-by rail connections in the yards of the owners. The other wharves are not conveniently located for rail connection. The facilities are considered adequate for the exist- ing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) 100 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Effect of improvement.-The increased width and depth in the channel enables vessels of larger size to reach Pawtucket and has enabled one of the large manufacturing plants at Phillipsdale to bring its coal and raw material from New York points in its own vessels. These conditions tend toward increased economy in the handling of the commerce of the port. The freight line to New York materially facilitates the delivery of valuable package freight. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging and rock re- moval under contract widened the channel to 100 feet through the rock area between the wharves at Pawtucket. The costs, including contingencies, were $60,235.12 for new work and $362.05 for main- tenance, a total of $60,597.17. The expenditures amounted to $59,889.63. Condition at end of flscall yea.-The project was completed in 1927 at a saving of $16,858 under the estimated cost. The controlling depth at mean low water as determined in 1927 was 151/s feet to Phillipsdale; thence 141/2 feet to the State pier, Pawtucket, and 131/2 feet to Division Street. The head of navigation is at the head of Pawtucket Falls, about 5.2 miles above the mouth of the river. The costs under the existing project have been $337,677.53 for new work, and $115,293.48 for maintenance, a total of $452,971.01, and the total expenditures $452,971.01. In addition the sum of $67,792 was expended from contributed funds. Proposed o perations.-Funds unexpended on June 30, 1928, amounted to $71,817.16. It is proposed to apply these funds to main- tenance dredging in the river channel, as follows: Dredging 200,000 cubic yards, at 32 cents per cubic yard---------- $64. 000. 00 Administration, inspection, and contingencies--------------------- 7, 817. 16 Total for maintenance-----------------------------------71, 817. 16 It is expected that the work will be commenced in September, 1928, and completed in about four months, exhausting the funds. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930, as it is believed the above work will place the channel in condition to serve traffic for several years. Commercial statistics. The principal items of freight for the cal- endar year were coal, fuel and gas oil, gasoline, copper bars, pig iron, steel bars, and general package freight carried in steamers, motor vessels, and barges drawing from 8 to 17 feet. There was an increase of about 10 per cent in tonnage over that reported for 1926, due principally to increased traffic in general package freight. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1923___ - __-_ ..... -__- .. 272, 313 $44, 481, 691 1926. --------------------276,100 . $25,070,947 1924.......- __.... ____ ... .. 240, 219 39, 975, 070 1927_..-.................. 302, 535 40, 835, 649 1925 1 .....------...... 286, 937 39, 649, 974 1 6,402 passengers handled in 1925. RIVERS AND HARBORS .PROVIDENCE, R. I.y DISTRICT 101 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928_---_-------------_ ----- $672, 102. 85 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1.928--- --------------------- 115, 293. 48 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 _______- - 787, 396. 33 Net total expenditures----------------------------- 787, 396. 33 _---- Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 ------ ------------- 71, 817.16 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928_ ------------ 859, 213. 49 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work .....-------------- ------------------------------------------ $60, 235.12 Cost of maintenance...----------.........------------ ------------------------------------- 362.05 ------------------------ Total cost---------------------.....................----...... ------------ 60, 597.17 Total expended...-----------------$51,918. 85 ....----------------------- $793.21 59,889.63 Allotted... --------............... - ---------- 60,500. 00 72,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 192 -------------------------- $59, 706. 79 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approvd March 23, 1928____-- __-___--$68, 000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved February 23, 1927--------- ------ 4,000. 00 72, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for---------------------------131, 706. 79 Gross amount expended-- ---------------------------------- 59, 889. 53 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928----------------------- 71, 817. 16 9. HARBOR OF REFUGE AT POINT JUDITH, R. I. Location and description.-PointJudith is the southern extremity of the township of Narragansett, R. I., and marks the southwestern entrance to Narragansett Bay. The harbor is formed by a main detached breakwater in front of a curve in the shore line to the westward of Point Judith, and two shore-arm breakwaters, one to the east and the other to the west of the main breakwater. It is roughly triangular in shape and extends at its farthermost southerly point about 6,600 feet from the shore. It is about 14 miles southwest of Newport Harbor, R. I., and 33 miles east of New London Harbor, Conn. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 276.) Original condition.-The only protection to the site of the harbor was the mainland to the north. A long ledge, known as Squid Ledge, projects over a mile from shore in a direction south by east about 1.5 miles west of the point. This locality was dangerous for vessels to pass during a storm, especially for the light-built barges transport- ing coal from New York Bay points to Narragansett Bay. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a main breakwater 6,970 feet long, to be built in part on Squid Ledge approximately in the form of the letter V, with its apex facing outward in about a south by west direction and lying from one-half to 11/4 miles from shore; for an 102 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 easterly shore-arm breakwater 2,240 feet long, to be built to the eastward of the main breakwater, leaving an entrance to the harbor 1,200 feet in width; for a westerly shore-arm breakwater 3,560 feet long, extending toward the west arm of the main breakwater, leaving an entrance to the harbor 1,500 feet in width; and for the removal of two shoals, one in the anchorage area and the other near the east- erly entrance, to a depth of 18 feet at mean low water. All breakwaters are of the rubble mound type, with the crest 10 feet above mean low water. The mean tidal range is 3.1 feet, and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 7 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, was $2,537,500. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $20,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for the main breakwater (H. Doc. No. 66, 51st Cong., 1st sess.); the act of March 2, 1907, made final provision for the present dimensions of the east- ern shore arm (H. Doc. No. 60, 58th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the western shore arm (H. Doc. No. 911, 60th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for remov- ing the two shoals from the harbor area (H. Doc. No. 2001, 64th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-named document. Recommended modifications of projeet.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvemet.-So far as known, the improvement has had no effect on water rates, but the harbor forms a fairly good refuge for vessels during fogs and storms. Its effect, then, has been to reduce the hazards of navigation and has probably been reflected in the rates for marine insurance. During the calendar year 1927 a total of 818 vessels of all classes used the harbor for purposes of refuge. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Under a contract in progress at the beginning of the fiscal year, repairs were made to a portion of the eastern arm of the main breakwater and the gaps in the east shore arm breakwater were filled. Under a second con- tract in progress at the close of the fiscal year, further repairs were made to the eastern and western arms of the main breakwater. The costs were $138,758.19, all for maintenance. The expenditures amounted to $117,468.01. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1921, the breakwaters being completed in 1914, at a saving of $166,033 under the estimated cost. There had been created a harbor which is fairly suitable for the shelter of vessels but has poor holding ground. The west shore arm and the east shore arm break- waters are in good repair, but the main breakwater has numerous deficiencies in cross section due to wave attack. The controlling depths at mean low water are: West entrance, about 19 feet; east entrance, about 22 feet; behind the breakwaters, 18 to 35 feet. The costs have been $2,371,467.55 for new work and $398,571.61 for maintenance, a total of $2,770,039.16, and the total expenditures, $2,747,316.57. RIVERS AND HARBORS PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 103 Proposed operations.-Funds unexpended on June 30, 1928, amounted to $90,384.06. It is proposed to apply these funds to com- pleting the repairs to the breakwaters under the existing contract, reserving a small balance for maintenance contingencies. It is ex- pected that the repairs will be completed about September 1, 1928. As the completion of the above work will leave the works in good condition, no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930. Com/mercial statistics.-There are no commercial wharves in this harbor. During the calendar year 1927, a total of 818 vessels, steam- ers, schooners, barges, and miscellaneous craft, including yachts, sought refuge behind the breakwater. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 ---------------------- $2, 371, 467. 55 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928---------------------- 398, 571. 61 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 ---------- 2, 770, 039.16 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928-- --------------------- 22, 722.59 Net total expenditures-_ __------ -------------- 2, 747, 316. 57 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928--------- ----------- 90, 384. 06 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-----------2, 837, 700. 63 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work.. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cost of maintenance.......---------------.------------ ------------------- $138, 758. 19 Total expended..-------------------------.......................... $26. 55 ...----...--------- $257.68 $22, 890. 25 117, 468. 01 Allotted---------------------------------.............................................. 71, 000. 00 160, 000. 00.......... Balance unexpended July 1, 1927-------- --------- ------- $207, 852. 07 Gross amount expended ------ -------------------------- 117, 468. 01 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928----------------------- 90, 384.06 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928__- -- $22, 722. 59 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts----------52, 849. 66 75, 572. 25 Balance available June 30, 1928----- ----------------- 14, 811. 81 10. HARBOR OF REFUGE AT BLOCK ISLAND, R. I. Location and description.-This harbor is on the east side of Block Island, near the south end of the inner curve of the shore line, and varies in width from about 1,200 to 200 feet in an easterly and westerly direction in a length of about 1,800 feet north and south, and is protected from the southeast to north by breakwaters. It is 13 miles south-southwest from Point Judith.Harbor and about 25 miles southeasterly from Stonington Harbor, Conn. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 276.) Original condition.-The site of the harbor was on the ocean shore, unprotected except by the shore line of the island, which formed a partial shelter from southerly and westerly storms. There was no natural harbor on the island, and the sihall boats used by the fisher- men were hauled up on the beach by oxen for safety daring storms. 104 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a rubble-mound breakwater extending northerly about 1,950 feet from the shore; a similar break- water about 1,100 feet long, extending northerly and easterly, inclos- ing, with the main breakwater, an area about 800 feet square desig- nated as the inner harbor; masonry walls in the southeastern corner of the inner harbor inclosing an area nearly 300 feet square desig- nated as the basin; and for dredging to a depth of 15 feet at mean low water the outer protected area and about 67 per cent of the inner harbor and of the basin. The mean tidal range is about 3 feet, and the maximum range, due to the combined effects of wind and other causes, is 7 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $615,300. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 11, 1870, provided for the main break- water (Annual Report for 1868, p. 785, and S. Misc. Doc. No. 81, 40th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of August 5, 1886, provided for the breakwater inclosing the inner harbor (S. Doc. No. 27, 48th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1885, p. 610); the act of June 3, 1896, provided for raising the crest of the main breakwater and making it sand tight (H. Doc. No. 83, 54th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of July 25, 1912, made final provision for the basin walls and for the present dimensions of the dredged areas (H. Doc. No. 828, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-It is recommended that this project be modified by eliminating the dredging of the outer harbor west of the entrance channel (H. Doc. No. 467, 69th Cong., 1st sess.). Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of one wharf publicly owned with about 500 feet of docking space and one privately ow'ned and used with about 180 feet of docking space. In addition, fishermen in small boats land their fares alongside the basin walls. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.--So far as is known no effect has been produced on water rates, but the building of the breakwaters has afforded an excellent shelter for the fishing boats on the east side of the island, and the deepening and widening of the channel allows vessels of greater draft and size to reach the wharves. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging under contract, in progress at the close of the fiscal year, restored por- tions of the channel through the outer and inner harbors. The costs were $4,174.95, all for maintenance. The expenditures amounted to $388.84. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 94 per cent completed. The breakwater and harbor walls were com- pleted in 1916. The inner harbor and basin have been dredged to proper dimensions and a channel 60 to 130 feet wide and 15 feet deep has been dredged from deep water outside of the harbor up to the town wharf. The controlling depths at mean low water on June 30, 1928, were: Channel through harbor, 14 feet (not full width) to RIVERS AND HARBORS PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 105 steamboat wharf, thence about 12 feet to the head of the basin; inner harbor, 15 feet, except at the edges. The breakwaters and basin walls are in fair condition. To complete the project requires the deepening of the outer protected area adjacent to the dredged chan- nel. The costs have been $576,856.47 for new work and $78,407.29 for maintenance, a total of $655,263.76; and the expenditures a total of $651,477.65. Proposed operations.--Funds unexpended on June 30, 1928, amounted to $15,689.09. These funds will be applied to the comple- tion of the dredging now in progress, to the payment of outstanding liabilities, and for maintenance contingencies. It is expected to com- plete the present dredging about August 1, 1928. As the inner section of the entrance channel is subject to shoaling which necessitates dredging every two or three years, funds should be available in the spring of 1930 for the removal of the anticipated encroachment. Funds can therefore be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930, as follows: Removing 9,000 cubic yards of sand, at 60 cents per cubic yard--------$5, 400 Administration, inspection, and contingencies __________________--- 600 Total for maintenance---------- ---------------------- --- 6, 000 This amount is in excess of the average annual expenditure for maintenance during the preceding five years, since dredging is usually carried on at intervals of two or three years. Commercial statistics. The principal items of freight for the cal- endar year were coal and general package freight carried in steamers drawing 8 to 10 feet. There is no available record of the tonnage of fish handled over the wharves, or that passes in and out of the harbor on fishing boats for which no record is available. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers -- -- --.. -- -- '-- 1 . .. - -- - 1923 ........------------ 8, 938 $1, 949, 349 43, 683 1926..........------------ 5, 998 $1, 794, 583 29, 449 1924 ...------------ 8, 120 1, 663, 762 39, 230 1927............ 6, 183 1, 830, 966 29, 981 1925_ 8, 377 1, 704, 078 31, 513 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 _______________------$576, 856. 47 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928---------------------------- 78, 407, 29 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928_____________ 655, 263. 76 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928__------------------------- 3, 786. 11 Net total expenditures 477. 65 6------------------------------ Unexpended balance June 30, 1928_--_ ______-__- 15, 689. 09 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928- - -__--- -- 667, 166. 74 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work....--------------- Cost of maintenance-------------------------------_-[-- - -$4 174. 95 Total expended----------------$9 779 53 $122 05 $20. 49 388. 84 Allotted............... _ -_ - -. $-_ - - -... -. 6, 000. 00 0, 00. 10..... 106 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 ---------------- Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 $6, 077.93 Amount allotted from War Dept. appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928 ---------------------------------------------- 10, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for__-___--____- 16, 077. 93 Gross amount expended---------- --------------------------- 388. 84 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928______________________ 15,689. 09 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928 3, 786. 11 $----------------- Amount covered by uncompleted contracts-------------9, 448. 74 13, 234.85 Balance available June 30, 1928______ -____________ __ 2, 454.24 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------- 1 L --- __---- 38, 500. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance 1 - - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - - 6, 000. 00 11. GREAT SALT POND, BLOCK ISLAND, R. I. This project is about 62 per cent completed. There are no funds available and no expenditures were made during the fiscal year. No work is now proposed, as the improvement appears to be in condition to meet the requirements of existing commerce. For a full descrip- tion of this project see Annual Report for 1924, page 90. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were coal, fish, petroleum products, and general pack- age freight carried in steamers and motor vessels. There was a de- crease of about 19 per cent under that reported for 1926. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 19231----.......... 1, 800 $615, 000 8, 500 ------------ 1926. 3, 763 $722,821 23, 757 1924....------------ 3,734 677,203 17,641 1927------------ 3, 037 490, 342 18, 400 1925....------------ 3, 931 869, 995 19, 524 1 Estimated, no reliable data having been furnished for 1923. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 ______ __-.--. - __ $189, 036. 65 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928_------------------------24, 173. 03 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928-----------213, 209.68 Net total expenditures-------------------------------213, 209. 68 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928---------------213, 209. 68 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Total expended ......... ..... $173.32 ----------------- ..------------------------ Allotted ........ .. ---- -------------------------- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project --------------------------------- $371, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 107 12. PAWCATUCK RIVER, R. I. AND CONN. Location and description.-This river is formed by the junction of the Wood and Charles Rivers in southwestern Rhode Island and flows westerly and southerly 18 miles and enters Little Narragansett Bay about 13 miles east of New London Harbor. Its drainage area is about 313 square miles. The discharge is not known. The lower 9 miles is the boundary between Rhode Island and Connecticut. The river is tidal to Westerly, R. I., 5 miles from the mouth. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 358 and 1211.) Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depth was 41/2 feet through the bay; in the river the depth was 1 to 11/2 feet and the channel was crooked and obstructed by numerous shoals and rocks. The head of navigation was and is at Westerly, 5 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871, and modified by the river and harbor act of August 5, 1886. The cost and expenditure prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1896, and exclusive of $35,856.96 expended on the improvement of Little Narragansett Bay between 1876 and 1884, were $97,500.01, all applied to new work. For fur- ther details of previous projects see page 1752 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel in Little Narragan- sett Bay and in the river 10 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide from Stonington to Avondale, about 4 miles; 100 feet wide from Avondale to the lower wharves at Westerly, about 3 miles; and 40 feet wide between the lower and upper wharves of Westerly, about one-half mile; and for the removal of obstructions at Watch Hill, at the southeastern part of the Little Narragansett Bay. The mean tidal range is 2.6 feet at the mouth of the river and 2.3 feet at the head of navigation, and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 7 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $150,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided for the present chan- nel dimensions (H. Doc. No. 62, 54th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of March 3, 1905, provided for the removal of obstruction at Watch Hill. The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project..-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. In 1875-76 wharf owners contributed about $2,000, one-half of the expense, for dredg- ing in the upper end of the improvement. Obstructive bowlders have been removed from the bay at Watch Hill by the Watch Hill Improvement Association at a cost of $1,025. Terminal facilities.-There are at present in commercial use 11 bulkhead and pile wharves located near the head of navigation at Westerly and Pawcatuck. These wharves are all privately owned, but at least two are open to public use on equal terms. There is on the river an old wharf to which the town of Westerly claims title, but the structure is in poor condition and has not been used for many years. There are several other old and unused wharves at Westerly 108 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 and along the river. The wharves in use have no direct connection with the railroad, but access may be had to all over improved high- ways. The facilities are considered adequate for the present com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvem~ent.-The improvement affords the town of Westerly the benefit of water transportation, which could not be car- ried on under modern conditions in the river in its natural state. The improvement has resulted in a reduction of the water rates on bulk commodities. Operationsand results during the fiscal year.-Maintenance dredg- ing, under contract, in progress at the close of the fiscal year, re- moved all but a few hundred yards of a shoal at the upper end of the channel. The costs were $3,107.03, all for maintenance. Expendi- tures amounted to $560.95. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 57 per cent completed. The channels have been dredged to project dimensions except that the channel in the bay has a general width of 100 feet, the channel in the river at Pawcatuck Rocks a width of 80 feet, and there is a slight deficiency in depth at the channel edges in the vicinity of Rhodes Folly Beacon, due to ledge rock or large boulders deeply embedded in the bottom. The most obstructive boulders in the vicinity of Watch Hill have been removed, the work being completed in 1913. The controlling depths as determined in 1924 are about 10 feet to the head of navigation at Westerly, and 6 feet to Watch Hill. The work required to complete the project is the widening of the channel to 200 feet to Avondale and the re- moval of rock at Pawcatuck Rocks and in the vicinity of Rhodes Folly Beacon. The costs under the existing project have been $85,- 335.10 for new work and $82,438.75 for maintenance, a total of $167,- 773.85, and the expenditures a total of $165,227.77. Proposed operations.-Funds unexpended on June 30, 1928, amounted to $3,672.22. These funds will be applied to completion of the dredging now in progress, to the payment of outstanding lia- bilities, and to maintenance contingencies. It is expected to com- plete the present dredging early in July, 1928. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930, as the channel is believed to be in condition to meet the requirements of the present traffic. Commercial statistics.-Coal was the principal item of freight for the calendar year and was carried in box barges drawing from 9 to 11 feet. Timber was carried on lighters. Barges of large capacity lightly loaded were used to secure a maximum load for minimum draft. There was a decrease in the tonnage of about 41/2 per cent under the amount reported for 1926. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1923__----------- _ --. - 33,158 $378, 957 1926-------..-.-- . _.. . 28, 291 $261,055 1924-_ -------------------. 25, 925 289, 560 ---- ------------ 1927_ 26, 999 237, 918 1925- - ---...... ......... 25, 002 236, 069 RIVERS AND HARBORS PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 109 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928---- --------------------- $182,835. 11 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 ----------------------- 82, 438. 75 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928-------- 265, 273. 86 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928____- ___________ - -___- - 2, 546. 08 Net total expenditures _______ _____ ____262, 727. 78 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 ---------------------------- 3, 672. 22 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-------------- 266, 400. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work......... Cost of maintenance ----------------------.................-------.................-----------------.......----------- $3, 107.03 Total expended.....---------------------- $55, 930. 42 $326. 52 $193. 07 $434. 33 560. 95 Allotted.................. ---------------------------- 25, 000. 00-------........ ------------ .......-------------.2, 900.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 ------------------- $1, 333. 17 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927------------------------------------------------- 2,900. 00 Amount to be accounted for ---------------------------- 4, 233. 17 Gross amount expended....--------------- ---------------- 560.95 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928----------------------- 3, 672. 22 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928---------------- $2, 546. 08 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts__--------- 468.00 3, 014. 08 Balance available June 30, 1928 ------------------- ---- - 658. 14 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1- _____- -- ____- - 64, 600.00 13. STONINGTON HARBOR, CONN. Except for a slight deficiency in width across Noyes Shoal, this project was completed in 1897. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year and there are no funds available. No work is now proposed, as the breakwaters and channels are in a condition to satis- factorily meet the demands of commerce for several years. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1919, page 202. Commercial statistics. Coal and sand were the items of freight reported for the calendar year and were transported in steamers and barges drawing from 7 to 9 feet of water. In addition to the re- ported tonnage, it is estimated that the local fishing fleet landed about 3,000 tons of fish during the season. There was a decrease in ton- nage of about 11 per cent from that reported in 1926, due to a decrease in coal receipts. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1923 -------- 4, 827 $330, 204 1926-_ -- --- 7,797 $351, 681 1924 ..... -..... ......_ 5, 966 433,156 1927 __... 6, 876 334, 887 1925-----------_ _----- 6, 221 222, 992 4Exclusive of available funds. 110 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 -------------------------- $337, 453. 83 Cost of maintenance to. June 30, 1928-------------------------- 6, 000. 00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------ 343, 453. 83 Net total expenditures ----------------------------------- 343, 453. 83 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------------------ 343, 453. 83 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work .......................... Cost of maintenance.__ Total expended-.-..- --.--. Allotted .......... - - Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project...----------------------------------------$2, 500. 00 14. MYSTIC RIVER, CONN. Except for slight deficiencies in width above the highway bridge at Mystic, the project was completed in 1913. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year and there are no funds available. No work is now proposed, as the channels are in good condition and appear to meet the demands of the present commerce. (For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1919, p. 204.) Commercial statistics.-Coal was the only freight reported for the calendar year and was transported in barges. There is a local fishing fleet of from 75 to 100 vessels, about 20 per cent of them with a draft of from 8 to 10 feet. It is estimated that 5,000 tons of fish are landed at Noank and Mystic during the season. There was an increase in tonnage of about 18 per cent over that reported for 1926, due to increase in coal receipts. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1923--------------------- 25,695 $853,061 1926 --------------------- 18, 915 $636,227 1924_---- ----------------- 16,180 150, 357 ..... 1927-- ------------------- 22, 240 650, 542 1925------- ---------------- 16,634 586,813 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928---------------------- $48, 125. 50 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928-------------------1--------- 34. 50 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 ------------- 48, 260. 00 Net total expenditures------------------------------ -- 48, 260. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 20, 1928-------------------- 48, 260, 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work.................. . .. . ... .. ..... Cost of maintenance...-------------------- -- - Total expended..................-....... Allotted .........-----------------. Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ---------- -- ----------- $2, 600. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 111 15. NEW LONDON HARBOR, CONN. Location and description.-This harbor is on the north shore of Long Island Sound, at its eastern end, and about 14 miles east of the mouth of the Connecticut River. It comprises the lower 3 miles of the Thames River, including Shaws and Winthrops Coves, both lying on the westerly side near its head, and is from about one- fourth to 11/4 miles wide. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 293.) Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depth in the main channel to the head of the harbor was 26 feet for a width from about one-eighth to one-half mile; along the New London wharf front, 10 to 15 feet; in Shaws Cove, 21/2 to 8 feet; and in Winthrops Cove, 7 to 14 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, as a part of the improvement of the Thames River and as a separate project by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881. A project for Shaws Cove, as a part of the improvement of the Thames River, was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892. The cost and expenditures prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1902 were $19,800 applied to new work in New London Harbor and $21,000 applied to new work in Shaws Cove, a total of $40,800. For further details of previous projects see page 1753 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an entrance channel 600 feet wide, 33 feet deep, and about 3 miles long from Long Island Sound to the natural deep water in the upper harbor; a channel 400 feet or more in width, 23 feet deep, and about 6,000 feet long skirting the water front of the city; and for dredging Shaws Cove to a depth of 15 feet. The plane of reference is mean low water, the mean tidal range being 2.4 feet. The maximum tidal range, due to the com-, bined effects of wind and other causes, is 7 feet or more. The esti- mate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $543,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1914) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,300. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for the water-front channel (H. Doc. No. 392, 56th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for dredging in Shaws Cove (H. Doc. No. 329, 60th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of July 27, 1916, provided for the entrance channel (H. Doc. No. 613, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Pursuantto a provision in the river and har- bor act of July 27, 1916, requiring local cooperation precedent to the expenditure of funds appropriated in accordance with the report in House Document No. 613, Sixty-third Congress, second session, the State of Connecticut has completed at an expense of approximately $1,000,000 the essential portions of its terminal development, con- sisting of a pier 1,000 feet by 200 feet in size, provided with approach channels and vessel berths, affording depths of 35 feet at mean low 14710--iG 1928---8 112 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 water, and equipped with storage warehouse, cargo-handling and railroad facilities. Expenditure of funds appropriated by the above act was authorized by the Secretary of War September 8, 1916. Terrminal facilities.-The wharves served by this improvement are, with few exceptions, of pile and timber construction. The total developed shore frontage is nearly 3 miles. The total length of berth- ing space available is about 19,755 feet, of which 2,920 is owned by the State and the municipalities. Of the remaining 16,835 feet, 6,700 feet is open to public use. Several other wharves are owned or leased by Government agencies for departmental uses. About 36 per cent of the terminals have railroad connections and transfer facilities. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to materially reduce rates on water-borne freight; and has resulted in an increasing use of the harbor by deep-draft ocean-going vessels. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. General contingencies cost $218.17, all applied to maintenance. Expenditures amounted to $218.17. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 86 per cent completed. The channels along the water front and in Shaws Cove were completed in 1913. The entrance channel is about 83 per cent completed. To complete the project requires the further deepening of the entrance channel. The controlling depths at mean low water are: Main channel from entrance to State terminal, 29 feet, ascertained in 1921; channel along the water front, nearly 21 feet, ascertained in 1928; Shaws Cove, 9 to 14 feet, ascertained in 1927. The costs under the existing project have been $467,487.35 for new work and $8,912.65 for maintenance, a total of $476,400, and the total expenditures, $476,400. Proposed operations.-There are no unexpended funds. For maintenance dredging in the Winthrop Cove Channel funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930, as follows: Dredging 95,000 cubic yards of material, at 24 cents per cubic yard... $22, 800 Administration, inspection, and contingencies----- 2, 200 Total for maintenance ___ _____ _____--____ _- 25, 000 This sum is in excess of the average annual expenditure for main- tenance during the past five years, as there has been no dredging done on the project during that period. No funds can be profitably expended for new work, as the present channel dimensions are sufficient for the existing commerce. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar. year were coal, general package freight, and lumber, car- ried in barges, steamers, and schooners drawing from 9 to 26 feet. There was an increase in tonnage of about 11 per cent over that re- ported for 1926, due to increased receipts of bituminous coal. The decrease in value from that reported for 1926 is due chiefly to a decrease in the general package freight classification. RIVERS AND HARBORS PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 113 Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers 1 Year Tons Value Passengers t 1923- .....---- 635, 087 $238,605,533 143,362 -- . 688, 812 1926 ......-- $301, 404, 342 151, 776 1924---------- 585, 600 220, 110, 079 156,150 1927---------766,654 261, 811, 296 165, 475 1925----------- 631, 044 280, 697, 973 145, 579 1 Does not include passengers carried on ferry. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928----------------------------- $508, 287. 35 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928-------------------------- 8, 912. 65 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------ 517, 200.00 Net total expenditures--------------------- 517,200. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928---------------------- 517, 200. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 -Cost of new work................... Cost of maintenance.. ....----------------------. --- ------- ----------------- $218.17 Total expended-..--...---...----------------......... I $211.64 , $101.63 $140.52 , $57.37 218.17 Alotted--------------------------------------------------- Balance unexpended July 1, 1927_ ___________- ___ $218. 17 mont Gro~s xpnde-------------------------------------------21:1 Gross amount expended__________ ___ ____ 218:17 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-------------- ---------------------------------- 75, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance---------------------------------------25, 000. 00 16. THAMES RIVER, CONN. Location and description.-This river is a tidal estuary varying in width from about 400 feet to three-fourths of a mile, and extending from the junction of the Yantic and Shetucket Rivers at Norwich, Conn., 15 miles southrly to Long Island Sound at New London. The improvement includes the upper 12 miles, the lower 3 miles being included under New London Harbor. The drainage area is :about 1.465 square miles. The average discharge of the river at Norwich approximates 850 second-feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey Chart No. 359.) Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depths and widths were: New London to Bartletts Crossover, 4 miles, 26 feet deep and 250 feet wide; Bartletts Crossover to Allyns Point, 2 miles, 13 feet deep and 300 feet wide; and thence 6 miles to the head of navigation at Norwich, about 6 feet deep and generally narrow. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 4, 1836, and modified by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879 to provide a depth of 14 feet at mean low water. The amount expended prior to operations under the existing project in 1882 was $184,943.46, of which $36,595.87 was for main- 114 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 tenance and $148,347.59 was for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1754 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 200 feet wide and 20 feet deep to Allyns Point; thence of same width and 18 feet deep to Norwich; the construction of five training walls, with their tops at mean high water, located, respectively, at Mohegan, pile and stone, about 2,750 feet long; Trading Cove, riprap, 2,325 feet long; Long Rock, riprap, about 2,750 feet long; Rolling Mill, riprap, about 3,300 feet long; and Norwich, riprap, 1,050 feet long; and the re- moval of obstructions in the Shetucket River at Norwich. The plane of reference is mean low water, the mean tidal range being 2.4 feet at New London, 2.7 feet at Allyns Point, and 2.5 feet at Norwich. The maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 7 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, re- vised in 1927, is $649,200, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1927) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $21,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 2, 1882, provided for training walls above Allyns Point and for the present channel widths (Annual Re- port for 1882, p. 606); the act of Marqh 2, 1907, made final provi- sion for the present channel depth up to Allyns Point (H. Doc. No. 265, 59th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for re- moval of obstructions in the Shetucket River (H. Doc. No. 397, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of January 21, 1927, provided for the present channel depth above Allyns Point (H. Doc. No. 107, 69th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published maps are in the above-men- tioned documents. Recommended modifcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions for local cooperation were pre- scribed by law at the time of the adoption or modification of the project. In 1835-36 the Merchants Bank of Norwich expended $3,679. in dredging channels in the vicinity of Norwich. Terminal facilities.-Wharves along the river and at Norwich are mainly of the bulkhead type, both with and without pile aprons. Of these, four along the river and one at Norwich have direct rail- road connection and transfer facilities. Theme is a municipal wharf at Norwich not provided with cargo-handling machinery. Eight or more of the privately owned wharves along the river and at Norwich are open to the public on equal terms, but not all of these are in commercial use at the present time. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work done has reduced the cost of water transportation by increasing the available draft from 8 feet to 16 and 22 feet. The river commerce of the present day could not be carried except for the increased depths thus obtained. Operations and results durin fisca'l year.-There were no opera- tions. General contingencies cost $126.67 for new work and $214.33 for maintenance, a total of $341. Expenditures amounted to $347.05. Condition at end of fseal year.-The existing project is about 48 per cent completed. The training walls were completed in 1906, except the upper end of the Rolling Mill Dike, which is replaced by RIVERS AND HARBORS PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 115 adjacent shore improvements. The channels have been dredged, to full width, 20 feet deep up to Allyns Point and thence 14 feet deep to Norwich; and the obstructions in Shetucket River have been removed. The training walls are in fair condition. To complete the project requires the deeping of the present channel above Allyns Point to a depth of 18 feet. The controlling depth at mean low water, as deter- mined in 1923, was 20 feet to Allyns Point; thence, as determined in 1925, 14 feet to the wharves at Norwich; thence 12 feet on the Shetucket River up to the town wharf. The costs under the existing project have been $298,293.22 for new work and $147,303.41 for main- tenance, a total of $445,596.63, and the total expenditures $445,596.63. Proposed operations.-Funds unexpended on June 30, 1928, amounted to $287.859.91. It is proposed to apply these funds to the prosecution of new work in securing increased depth in the channel .above Allyns Point, authorized by the 1927 river and harbor act, as follows: Dredging, under contract, approximately 1,072,000 cubic yards--- $257, 280. 00 Administration, inspection, and contingencies------------------- 30, 579. 91 Total------------------------------------------ 287, 859. 91 It is expected to begin the work early in the summer of 1928 and complete it in about 10 working months. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930, as it is expected that the river channels will be in suitable condition for the accommodaion of existing commerce. Conmvercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the cal- endar year were coal, petroleum products, lumber, iron, and general package freight carried in steamers, schooners, motor vessels, and barges drawing from 8 to 22 feet. The passenger transportation ,chiefly service was discontinued during 1927. Decrease in value is due to reduced valuations in the petroleum products classification. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1923---------.......... 487, 164 $22, 648, 804 .--------- 1926----. 419, 779 $24, 538, 004 2, 445 1924------.......--- 413,189 22, 177, 720 .. .1927--------- 417, 463 18, 169, 040 ............ 1925.......... 504, 737 23, 981, 408 1, 283 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928--------------------------- $446, 640. 81 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928_----- ------------- 183, 899. 28 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------630, 540.09 Add accounts receivable June 30, 1928 --------------------------- 82.96 Gross total costs to June 30, 1928 __-----------------------630, 623. 05 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928-------------------------- 82. 96 Net total expenditures ------------------------------- 30, 540. 09 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928---------------------- 287, 859 91 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928---------------918, 400. 00 116 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Fiscal year. ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work.... .-------------------------------------- $126.67 _-----------------------......... Cost of maintenance....------------------------------------------------------------214. 33 Total cost---------------- ----------------------------------------------- 341.00 Total expended......------------------------.. $495.95 $1, 295.14 $36, 689. 27 $7, 295. 22 347.05 Allotted.......----------------------------47, 000. 00------- .......------------------------ 285, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927----------------------$3. 206. 96. Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928---------------------------- 285. 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for--__ - -________-- -- 288, 206. 96 Gross amount expended------------------------------------------ 347. 05 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928_________________________ 287, 859. 91 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928___._______________________ 82. 96 Balance available June 30, 1928____________-------------------------- 287. 776 95. Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1________ ____ ___-- 65, 000. 00, 17. CONNECTICUT RIVER ABOVE HARTFORD, CONN. Location and description.-This river has its source in Connecticut Lake, in northern New Hampshire, flows southerly 375 miles, and empties into Long Island Sound at Saybrook, Conn., 14 miles west of New London. Hartford, now the head of commercial navigation, is 51.9 miles by channel from the mouth. A dam at Holyoke, 34 miles above Hartford, completely interrupts navigation. The drainage area is about 11,000 square miles, and the average discharge in second-feet: At Holyeke, low water, 2,600; high water, 71,000. At Hartford, low water, 5,000; 20-foot freshet, 101,000. On low stages. tidal fluctuation extends a short distance above Hartford, with a mean rise and fall at Saybrook of 3.4 feet, and at Hartford, 1.2 feet. The average fall per mile is: Holyoke to Hartford, 1.2 feet: Hart- ford to mouth, 0.053 foot. The width at the mouth is about 3,000° feet; at Hartford, 1,000 feet; at Holyoke, 900 feet. (See U. S. Geological Survey map of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Con- necticut.) Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depth was about 2 feet for 101/2 miles from Hartford to the foot of Enfield Rapids, 51/2 miles long, where navigation was interrupted: thence 18 miles to Holyoke the available depth was about 5 feet. About 100 years ago commercial navigation extended to Wells River, Vt., 250 miles above the mouth, by means of locks and canals around the various rapids. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-No comprehensive project has been adopted. Improvement was authorized by the river and harbor act of July 11. 1870, and was prosecuted by the construction of wing dams, and on one occasion by dredging under plans described in the Annual Re- ports of the Chief of Engineers for 1871, page 761, and 1881. page 565. 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 117 The section of the river under consideration extends from Hart- ford, 51.9 miles above the mouth, to Holyoke, a distance of about 34 miles. The mean tidal fluctuation on low stages is 1.2 feet at Hart- ford, diminishing to zero near Bissels Ferry, about 7 miles upstream. The usual rise at Hartford, due to spring freshets, is between 16 and 24 feet above mean low water and at Springfield 10 to 15 feet above mean low water. The maximum recorded freshet at Hartford (May, 1854) was 27.8 feet above mean low water and at Springfield about 25 feet above the ordinary summer stage of that year. Occasional freshets of short duration may occur during the remainder of the year. There are no approved estimates of cost for new work or for annual maintenance. (For map see H. Doc. No. 417, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of February 10, 1925, the Chief of Engineers recommended the provision of a channel 100 feet wide and 7 feet deep at low water, summer stage, between Hartford and Enfield Rapids at an estimated cost of $83,000, with $17,000 for maintenance the first year and $11,000 annually thereafter, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. (See R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 11, 68th Cong., 2d sess.) . Local cooperation.-No conditions for local cooperation have been prescribed by law. About 1830 a dam 1,500 feet long and canal 5.3 miles long, with 4 locks, were built at Enfield Rapids by the Con- necticut River Co., at a cost reported as about $1,000,000. The canal is maintained by that company primarily for power uses. The locks are about 19.5 by 88 feet, with 3-foot depth at lower-lock sill at low water. During 1909 and 1914 bars between Hartford and Wind- sor Locks were dredged by the Springfield Navigation Co. to provide a channel about 3 feet deep and 35 feet wide, at a cost of $5,100. Between 1891 and 1926 the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and local interests have constructed shore-protective works at Chicopee, West Springfield, Agawam, and the Holyoke Dam at a total cost of over $73,000. Terminal facilities.-In the absence of commercial navigation, ter- minal facilities are limited to a few small landings for excursion steamers in the pool above Enfield Dam. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-No permanent benefit has resulted from the work so far done by the' United States, and none is to be antici- pated until a comprehensiVe project is adopted. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. General contingencies cost $433.57, all applied to maintenance. The expenditures amounted to $433.57. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Several wing dams were con- structed prior to 1886, and some dredging was done in 1873. One of these wing dams became an obstruction to navigation and was removed in 1914. Two obstructive shoals at Springfield have been removed. The controlling depth is about 21/ 2 feet at low water in the section below Enfield Rapids. The costs, including surveys for a comprehensive project, have been $116,324.81 for new work and $13,433.57 for maintenance, a total of $129,758.38, and the total ex- penditures $129,758.38. 118 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Proposed operations.-Fundsunexpended June 30, 1928, amounted to $66.43. It is proposed to apply these funds to the payment of outstanding liabilities. Various activities on and adjacent to the river require funds for administrative and engineering contingencies. The sum of $500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930. Commercial statistics.-No commerce was reported for the past year. The only navigation was with pleasure boats. During the year, 52 pleasure boats passed through .the canal of the Northern Connecticut Power Co. at Windsor Locks, Conn. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928------------------------- $116, 324.81 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------- 13, 433. 57 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 ------------ 129, 758. 38 Net total expenditures-- ---------------- 1------758. 38 129, Unexpended balance June 30, 1928--__------------ __---- 66. 43 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 __-_____.. -__ 129, 824. 81 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost ofnew work----------- -------- Cost of maintenance--..-----------.-----------------I------------------------ $433. 57 Total expended------------------------$271.26 $6. 12----------- $111.80 433.67 Allotted,------------------- -------------------------------------------------- 500.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927------------------------------------------- $500. 00 Gross amount expended ------------------- .. 433. 57 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928------------------------ 66. 43 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - -- - - 30, 1930, for maintenance 500.00 18. CONNECTICUT RIVER BELOW HARTFORD, CONN. Location and description.-See description under preceding report. Also see United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 215, 254, 255, and 256. Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depth was 7 feet over the bar at Saybrook, thence about 5 feet to Hartford, 51.9 miles from the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 4, 1836, and a second project which was modi- fied in 1872, 1881, 1887, and 1889, was adopted by the river and har- bor act of July 11, 1870. The cost and expenditures prior to opera- tions under the existing project in 1911 were $287,374.29 for new work and $366,348.47 for maintenance, a total of $653,722.76. For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1754. 1 Exclusive 'of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 119 Existing project.-This provides for a channel 300 feet wide, 15 feet deep at mean low water, and about 0.6 mile long, across the bar at the mouth, and thence 100 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean low water (2 feet on the Hartford gauge) for 51.3 miles to Hartford; the channels to be obtained by dredging and the construction of dikes, training walls, revetments, and accessory works; for two riprap jetties at the mouth of the river, the tops to be 5 feet above high water and 6 feet wide, the easterly one about 2,300 feet and the westerly about 2,250 feet in length; and for a training dike about 3,700 feet long at Hartford. The mean tidal range is 3.4 feet at the mouth and, on low water, 1.2 feet at Hartford. The maximum tidal range at the mouth, due to wind or other causes, is 8 feet or more. For extreme fluctuation of stage at Hartford see this paragraph under preceding report. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1917, is $388,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $20,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 10, 1872, provided for the jetties at the mouth (present dimensions approved by the Chief of Engineers December 22, 1887); the act of March 3, 1881, provided for the Hartford Dike (present dimensions authorized by the Chief of Engineers in 1889); the act of February 27, 1911, provided for the present channel dimensions (H. Doc. No. 1294,. 61st Cong., 3d sess.) ; and the act of March 2, 1919, made final provision for the dikes, training walls, revetments, and accessory works (H. Doc. No. 132, 65th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1913, page 1602, and the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions for local cooperation were pres scribed by law at the time of the adoption of the project. On various occasions between 1884 and 1904 when funds for maintenance were lacking or insufficient, channels through the various bars, sufficient to pass a regular line of steamboats, were maintained by dredging by the Hartford & New York Transportation Co., at a cost of $28,384.18. Previous to 1868 dredging and regulation work were done by private and municipal interests,.at a cost in excess of $93,000. Terminal facilities.-There are two or three wharves of the bulk- head type at each of the river towns, one or more in each town being open to public use. At Hartford and at Middletown there is approxi' mately one-half mile of wharf frontage along the west bank of the river. The town of Cromwell and the cities of Hartford and Middle- town each own or lease wharf property. Rail connection and transfer facilities are available at Middletown, Portland, and Hart- ford. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work done has afforded the city of Hartford and other river ports the advantage of water transporta- tion, has stabilized the channels across the river bars, and has effected a reduction in the water rates on bulk commodities. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The channels through the river bars were kept open for navigation by contract dredging. 120 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 The total length of channel thus dredged was about 71,000 feet, the width varying from 25 to 100 feet, and a total of 49,180 cubic: yards was removed. The cost of this dredging was $16,421.20, all applied to maintenance, and the expenditures amounted to $17,755.69. Using hired labor and plant, upper Glastgnbury Reach, 3,521 feet long, was revetted, and four short spur dikes of riprap were constructed upstream from the revetment; and repairs were made to the revet- ments at Gildersleeve, Two Piers, and Glastonbury Reaches, and to the dikes and hurdles at Naubuc and Press Barn Reaches. One snag was removed from the channel near the mouth of Eight-Mile River at a cost of $175,' applied to maintenance, and an expenditure of $175. The total costs were $18,819.24 for new work and $21,186.70 for maintenance, a total of $40,005.94, and the total expenditures were $40,755. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The existing project is about 97 per cent completed. The channel from the mouth to Hartford was completed in 1914. The Saybrook jetties, training walls at Hartford. Clay Banks, and Sears Shoal were completed in 1915. The stone dikes and the timber spurs at Press Barn, Naubuc, Cys Hollow, Clay Bank, Pistol Point, and Glastonbury were completed in 1927. The Clay Banks, Cys Hollow, Press Barn, Crow Point, Glastonbury (in- cluding Two Piers), and Gildersleeve Island Reaches have been revetted. The jetties, training walls, dikes, and revetments are in fair condi- tion, except that the east jetty at Saybrook needs extensive repairs; minor repairs are needed to the west jetty and to some of the other structures above named. The channel dimensions are somewhat diminished. The control- ling depths at mean low water are 14 feet across the bar at the mouth, thence about 101/2 feet to Hartford. To complete the project requires the construction of additional permanent works. The costs under the project have been $377,210.48 for new work and $363,276.04 for maintenance, a total of $740,486.52, and the total expenditures $737,541.39. Proposed operations.-Funds unexpended on June 30, 1928, amounted to $43,346.54. It is proposed to apply these funds as follows: Maintenance dredging, under contract in progress, including out- standing liabilities ------------------------------------- $13, 722. 98 Repairs to existing permanent works--------_____- -_____ - 2,800. 00 Administration, inspection, and contingencies____-- _________- 1,323. 56 Dredging river bars (1929), by contract, 50,000 cubic yards at 30 cents per cubic yard ------------------------------------- 15, 000. 00 Administration, inspection, and contingencies____- -_______-___ 1,500. 00 Total for maintenance ----------------------------- 34, 346. 54 Bank protection in Naubuc Reach, including administration and en- gineering, for new work-------- --------------- 9, 000. 00 Total _-----------------------------------_ 43, 346. 54 Maintenance dredging on the river bars now in progress will be completed in September, 1928. Repairs will be made to the various permanent works and additional bank protection to check the damage caused by the 1927 flood will be constructed at Nabuc Reach during the coming working season, using hired labor and plant, and expend- RIVERS AND HARBORS PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 121 ing the funds at an average of about $5,000 per month. After the spring freshets of 1929, the river bars will be restored to project depth, using the funds at the rate of about $4,500 per month. Annual maintenance requirements on the river bars should be met after the spring freshets of 1930. Minor repairs to dikes and revet- ments will also be necessary. The width and depth of the channel across the bar at the mouth, which have been materially reduced by the inflow of sand, should be restored. For the foregoing works, funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930 as follows : Dredging river bars, 50,000 cubic yards, at 30 cents per cubic yard--__ $15, 000 Dredging outer bar, 120,000 cubic yards, at 30 cents per cubic yard------ 36, 000 Repairs to permanent works ----------------------------------- 3, 000 Administration, inspection, and contingencies --------------- 6, 000 Total for maintenance__-- -__- ------------------- 60, 000 The above amount is in excess of the average expenditure for maintenance during the past five years, due to the proposed work on the outer bar which has not been dredged since 1921. Commeroidl statistics.---The principal items of freight for the calendar year were petroleum products, coal, and general package freight, carried in steamers, motor vessels, and barges, drawing from :8 to 12 feet. There was an increase in tonnage of about 10 per cent over that reported for 1926, due to increased receipts of coal and petroleum products. The de6rease in valuation is due to a reduction in the general package freight traffic. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1923--....... 483, 903 $47, 736, 327 35, 444 1926---------....... 536, 950 $46, 279, 217 21, 602 1924.......... 454, 212 44, 937,26Q 29, 271 1927..........592,922 36, 029, 655 25, 340 1925----......... 516, 624 48, 420, 495 25, 648 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928__________-- __________ $664, 584. 77 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928_ ------- __-______- 729, 624. 51 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 ------------ , 394, 209. 28 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928--- -___-___________-- 2, 945. 13 Net total expenditures------------- --------------- 1, 391, 264,15 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928-----_________ 43, 346. 54 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928---_-------- 1, 434, 610. 69 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work ..... ...---...........---.-.-- - - $18, 819. 24 Cost of maintenance 21, 186.70 Total cost .- _ ...-- -- 40, 005. 94 Total expended.............---------------- 43, 181. 47 $48, 101. 61 $35, 250. 06 $47, 967. 88 40, 755. 00 Allotted ---...........- ... .. ....... 45, 000. 00 40, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 40, 000. 00 17, 000. 00 122 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927-------------------------------$67, 101. 54 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 23, 1928----------------------------------------------- 17,000.00 Amount to be accounted for-------------------------------84, 101. 54- Gross amount expended ---------------------------------------- 40. 755. 00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928--------------------------43, 346.54 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928 $2, 945. 13 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts--------------- 10, 777. 85 13, 722. 98 Balance available June 30, 1928---------------------------------29, 623. 56 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ----------------------------------------------- 1, 800. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 for maintenance ___------------------------------------- 60, 000. 0(0 19. DUCK ISLAND HARBOR, CONN. Location and description.-Duck Island Harbor is a small bay, about 2 miles long and extending 1 mile inland, lying between Menunketesuck and Kelsey Points, on the north shore of Long Island Sound, approximately midway between New London and New Haven Harbors, and about 23 miles distant from each. Duck Island is in the outer and southeasterly part of the bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 216.) Original condition.-The harbor afforded practically no shelter from the east around through the south to the west, but afforded good protection from all northerly winds. The usable low-water depth for anchorage was about 16 feet over a considerable portion of the bay. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890. The cost and expenditures prior to the adoption of the existing projectin 1910 were $114,867.90 for new work and $5,334.10 for maintenance, a total of $120,202. For further details of previous project, see Annual Report for 1915,. page 1755. Existing project.-This provides for the construction of three rip- rap breakwaters, viz, one extending northwardly from Duck Island 1,100 feet; one extending westwardly from Duck Island 2,697 feet; and one extending southwardly from Stone Island, just south of Kelsey Point, 3,750 feet-each breakwater to be 8 feet wide on top, 9 feet high above mean low water, with side slopes of 2 on 3, except on the northerly side of the one extending westerly from Duck Island and the westerly side of the one extending northwardly from Duck Island, where the slopes are to be 1 on 1; and for dredging to a depth of 16 feet at mean low water a portion of the protected area back of the breakwaters at Duck Island. The mean tidal range is 4.2 feet and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 9 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1916, was $370,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the breakwaters 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 123 192 ,,LL,?-------- ------- (' 1924927 --------------------- 1924- (1) (1) 197----------------------- (1) (1) , 461 $567 $ 1925...----------------- () ( 1 No commerce reported. Passengers carried, none. Cost and fnan al summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928_- __$21, ---- 000. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------- 70, 358. 17 Total cost of permanent work to June 30. 1928__-_______ 91, 358. 17 Net total expenditures------_-------------------------------91, 358. 17 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 _____-________-____-_ 91; 358. 17 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 -7 • - --- -- ... - . ........ ............. .. ...... Cost of new work ------------..----------......---...-- Cost of maintenance--....-------------------------- - - - - ----:--- -- Total expended----------- -- - --............ -- -------------- Allotted .-..... _..-.. ... _------------------- -- .--------------------- ~ Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project--------------- -------------- $12, 120 11. SHOAL HARBOR AND COMPTON CREEK. N. J. Location and description.-ShoalHarbor is an indentation on the south shore of Raritan and Sandy Hook Bays at their junction, about 5 miles southwest from Sandy Hook. It is about 19 miles dis- tant from New York City. The harbor is not landlocked. Compton Creek is a small; crooked tidal stream rising on the west side of the Navesink Highlands and flowing for 5 to 6 miles in a general north- erly direction through the meadows into Shoal Harbor. The drain- age area is about 6.5 square miles. The discharge is slight. For loca- tion see United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 369. Original coaditio-n.The entrance as obstructed by a broad, flat shoal extending along the south shore of Sandy Hook Bay. The distance between deep water in the creek and the 4-foot depth in the bay was about one-half mile. The available depth across this shoal ivas less than 1 foot at mean low water. The creek was navi- gable for 1 mile above its mouth, where it was crossed by a railroad bridge, and about one-half mile above its mouth it is crossed by a highway bridge with a draw opening 40 feet wide; the width below this point varied from 80 to 100 feet. The available low-water depths varied from 3 to 6 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a* channel by dredging and diking about two-thirds of a mile in length, connecting Compton Creek with the 4-foot curve in Raritan Bay, the width to be 150 feet in the bay and 75 feet in and near the mouth of the creek, the depth 832 REPORT OF cHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 to be 4 feet at mean low water. The mean range of tides is 4.5 feet. Irregular fluctuations from 1 to 2 feet above or below the mean range occur in the tides during heavy easterly or westerly storms. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1890, is $64,130. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved September 19, 1890 (S. Doc. No. 80, 48th Cong., 1st sess., and Aniual Report for 1884, p. 770). The latest published map is printed in House Document No. 40, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recommended modifications af project.---It is recommended that the project be modified by eliminating the proposed dike and reduc- tion of width of channel in bay from 150 feet to 100 feet (H. Doc. No. 467, 69th Cong., 1st sess.). Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are no public terminals located on this creek. There are three privately owned wharves, two of which are open to the public on equal terms. Two of these terminals are in efficient condition and are adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of this improvement has been to render navigation in and out of the creek easier. Before im- provement it was practically impossible to bring a boat into the creek except at high water. The creek is used extensively as a harbor of refuge by small fishing craft; according to reports gathered, about 200 such boats harbor here. Operation and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging with Government plant in progress at the beginning of the fiscal year was continued and completed on July 18, 1927. Work was done in the creek above the bend of the channel leading into the creek over an area 770 feet long and 75 feet wide and over a section of the channel at the outer end 490 feet long and about 80 feet wide. The depth made was about 8 feet at mean low water. About 24,000 cubic yards of material were removed. Part of the material was pumped ashore above high water and the remainder was pumped on the flats westerly of the channel. The total cost for the year was $13,183.23 for maintenance. The total expenditures were $13,183.23. Condition at end of fiscal year.--bout 60 per cent of the area of dredging proposed under this project has been completed. The last new work done on the improvement was in 1899. No dikes have been built. The controlling depth into the creek on June 30, 1928, through the improved channel was about 4.5 feet at mean low water. The channel was somewhat narrow in the creek above the bend at the entrance. The costs of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $17,000 for new work and $130,602.27 for mainte- nance, a total of $147,602.27. The total expenditures under the existing project were $147,602.27. Proposed operation .- The balance unexpended June 30, 1928, $15,036.44, will be applied to maintenance dredging either during the summer of 1928 or the spring of 1929. The work will be done by contract or by Government plant, as may appear more advan- tageous to the United States. It is estimated that the available RIVERS AND HARBORS SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 333 funds will be expended at a rate of $12,000 per month and will be practically exhausted within five weeks after work is commenced. No funds are requested for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930. The balance available June 30, 1928, is considered sufficient to main- tain the project until the fiscal year 1931. There does not appear to be any need of further new work under the project. Commercial statistic.--The commerce for the calendar year 1927 consisted mainly of fish, ashes, and building materials. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1923....------------------- 73, 432 $4, 467, 502 1926---...--------.------- - 17, 345 $2, 566, 568 1924-..........--------------------........ 66, 618 7, 491, 334 1927........-------..------------.. 33, 876 1,626,353 1925........ ...----------------.. 36, 433 3, 063, 744 Passengers carried, none. The statistics for 1925.and 1926 are believed to be incomplete, due to the failure of carriers to report. The tonnage of 1927 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual limit Per cent of loaded Class of freight carried of total draft of vessels tonnage (feet) Fish, etc-..------------------------------------------------ ------------- 22.3 4-8 Ashes - ------------------------------------------------------------ 19.1 6-8 Building materials..........--------.........-------..-- ,---------------------------------.. 49. 2 8-10 The lower value figure for 1927 is due to the fact that the figure for 1926 includes the value of the entire fish catch at the high rate applied to edible fish while that for 1927 includes values for both edible fish and fish used in the manufacture of fertilizer, using separate values for each kind. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928-------------------------- $17, 000. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928___-------------------- 130, 602. 27 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 47, 602.27 1------------ Net total expenditures_ ____-_----___ -147, 602. 27 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 --------------------------- 15, 036. 44 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928---162, 638.71 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work------------------.-.. Cost of maintenance ............------------------..---....------------------------------------ $13, 183. 23 Total expended-.................-......... $629.03 $9,148.29 $9, 067.90 $435.11 13,183.23 Allotted.................................--------------------------- 10,000.00 7,500.00 1------------ 10, 000.00/ 10, 000.00 1 1 334 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927------------------------------- $28, 219. 67 Gross amount expended--..--------------..-------------------13, 183.23 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928-------------------- -- 15,036. 44 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion, of existing project 1---- --- - --------- 47, 130. 00 12. SHREWSBURY RIVER, N. J. Location and description.-This river is mainly a large tidal basin in the eastern part of New Jersey consisting of two bays, each having an area of about 3 square miles, and known, respectively, as the North Branch (or Navesink River), which rises near Freehold, flows easterly, and is about 15 miles long, and the South Branch, about 7 to 8 miles long, which flows in a northerly direction; and a channel called the Main Stem, which unites the two branches near Normandie and extends northerly 23/4 miles to the outlet at the southeast end of Sandy Hook Bay, about 4 miles south from the point of Sandy Hook. The total drainage area is about 250 square miles. The dis- charge is not known. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 543.) Original condition.-The available mean low-water depth to Oceanic on the North Branch was 3 feet, to Sea Bright on the South Branch 21/2 feet, and in the Main Stem 4 feet. The minimum widths were variable, owing to the shifting nature of the sand which forms the bottom of the river and which changed position after every big storm. The bays above these points had sufficient depths and widths to accommodate light-draft navigation. The river is navi- gable on the North Branch to Red Bank, 8 miles from the mouth, where it is crossed by three bridges, without draws, and on the South Branch to Branchport, 9 miles from the mouth, and to Little Silver, Oceanport, Parkers Creek, North Long Branch, and Monmouth Beach on its several arms. Previous projects.--By act of Congress, August 30, 1852, $1,500 was appropriated for a survey to ascertain the extent of a break through the beach between Shrewsbury River and the ocean, but no work of improvement was done after the survey was made. The first project for the improvement of the Shrewsbury River was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871, and a subsequent one by the act of June 3, 1879, modified in 1883 and 1887. Work under the ex- isting project was commenced in 1919. The cost and expenditures under previous projects have been $220,893.95 for new work and $286,606.05 for maintenance, a total of $507,500. For scope of previous projects see page 1778 of Annual Report for 1915 and page 373 of Annual Report for 1918. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water 300 feet wide from the mouth to Island Beach, 1.4 miles; thence 200 feet wide to the junction of the two branches, 1 mile; thence 150 feet wide to Red Bank and Branchport, 5 and 6.4 miles in the north branch and south branch, respectively. The mean range of tides on the outer bar is 5 feet; at Highlands Bridge, 3 feet; at Sea Bright, 1.3 feet; at Branchport, 0.86 foot; and 'Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 335 at Oceanic, 2.5 feet. High easterly or westerly winds cause irregular tidal fluctuations from 1 to 2 feet above or below the mean range.. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1923, is $146,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1912) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000 during construction and $20,000 thereafter. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 1296, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modfica'tions of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Dredgingin the channel has been done several years ago at various times by the local steamboat companies. The available information does not give the amount or cost of this work. Terminal facilities.-There are four publicly owned wharves on the river. There are 17 privately owned wharves used for commer- cial purposes, many of which are open to general public use on equal terms. The terminals seem to provide adequately for the demands of existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-It appears from the reports received that freight rates have been lowered as a result of the improvement by the United States. Without the maintenance of the improvement it would be impossible for steamers to continue running. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging with Government plant was commenced on July 21, 1927, and com- pleted on September 3, 1927. Work was done over scattered shoals in the channel extending from the mouth of the river to and includ- ing Reeves Channel in the south branch. The depth made was about 8 feet at mean low water. About 56,000 cubic yards of material were removed and disposed of by pumping on the adjacent shore. The total cost for the year was $19,716.33 for maintenance. The total expenditures were $19,690.43. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Work under the project is about 66 per cent completed. Project dimensions were obtained before the adoption of the existing project in the main stem and in the lower parts of the two branches under the previous project. New work has since been done in the south branch between the steamboat wharf at Sea Bright and the upper end of the project at Branchport. The controlling depths on June 30, 1928, at mean low water over the bars in the river were about 6 feet, although channel widths through the bars were narrow in places. There yet remains to be done, to complete the project, dredging in the upper end of the north branch at the locality of the steamboat dock at Red Bank, N. J., and at the locality of the highway bridge at Oceanic. The costs of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $96,304.66 for new work and $108,099.06 for maintenance, a total of $204,403.72. The total expenditures under the existing project were $204,377.82. Proposed operatios.--The balance unexpended on June 30, 1928, $14,322.18, will be applied to maintenance dredging during the sum- mer of 1928 or spring of 1929 in the main stem and in the lower parts of the north and south branches at points where shoals form every 14710--ENG 192~8---22 336 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S ARMY, 19 2 8 season. The work will be performed by contract or by Government plant, as may appear more advantageous to the United States. The available funds will be expended at a rate of about $12,000 per month and will be practically exhausted within five weeks after work is commenced. No funds are requested for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930. The balance available June 30, 1928, is considered sufficient to main- tain the project until the fiscal year 1931. No further new work under the project is considered warranted at this time. Co merical statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1927 consisted mainly of riprap. Cost and financial summary Calendar S Calendar Year Short tons Value Passengers ear Short tons Value Passengers 1923.-------- 23, 923 $12,477, 368 182, 603 1926 - -- 62, 388 $241, 666 (1) 1924-------- 94, 224 31, 424, 902 (1) 1927 43, 235 148, 827 (1) 1925......-------- 50,702 23, 309,122 191, 845 1No statistics available. The decrease in volume and increase in value of the tonnage of 1923 is due to a decrease in the amount of relatively inexpensive commodities and an increase in the amount of higher priced com- modities carried. The decrease in tonnage for the calendar year 1925 is due mainly to the fact that no riprap was received there. The tonnage of 1927 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual limit of Per cent loaded Class of freight carried of total draft of tonnage vessels (feet) Riprap------...........------------------------------------------------------92.3 5-8 The statistics for 1926 and 1927 are believed to be incomplete due to the failure of local steamboat companies to report. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 $317, 198. 61 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 ________--__--- _______ 394, 705. 11 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928__- __- __ 711, 903. 72 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928 ----------------------------- 25. 90 Net total expenditures -- ---- 711, 877. 82 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 --------------------------- 14,322. 18 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-..-------- 726, 200. 00 RIVERS AND HARBOS---SOOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 337 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work-------.... ------------------------ - ------ Cost of maintenance- .........---- ...-------...----------....-----------...---------------------- 19, 716. 33 Total expended--...--...--......--------------------..... $31, 740.08 $8, 869. 16 $18, 836. 61 $718.09 19, 690, 43 Allotted-------------------_ ------------- 15, 000.00 20,000.00 15,000.00 10,000. 00... ,Balalnce unexpended July 1, 1927 -------------------------- -. $34, 012.61 Gross amount expended---------------------------------------- 19, 690.43 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 ______-- ____-- ____-- - 14, 322. 18 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928.------------------------------ 25.90 Balance available June 30, 1928------------------------- 14, 296.28 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-- --------------------------------------- 50, 000.00 STATEMENT OF APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPENDITURES ON WORKS OF RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENT TO JINE 30, 1928, IN THE SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., ENGINEER DISTRICT Appropriations (or allotments) : Seacoast harbors 980, 628. 89 $--------------------- Internal waterways Expenditures (exclusive of receipts from sales, etc.)- New work ____-- _______ _______-- --_ 15, 852, 887. 24 Maintenance -------------------------------------------- 2, 458, 183.05 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED MARCH 2, 1919, AND MARCH 31 1925 Reports dated March 12, 1920, April 7, 1921, and May 28, 1926, with. maps, on preliminary examination and plan and estimate of cost of improvement of Raritan Bay and Raritan River, N. J., required by the river and harbor acts of March 2, 1919, and March 3, 1925, were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 127, Seventieth Congress, first session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a channel 300 feet wide and 25 feet deep at mean low water, extending from the turn in New York and New Jersey Channel near Great Beds Light to deep water above the bridge of the New York and Long Branch division of the Central Railroad of New Jersey, at an estimated cost of $173,000, with $10,000 annually for maintenance. Report dated May 29, 1926, on preliminary examination of Raritan River, N. J., from natural deep water up to the west side of the Great Bend, with a view to providing a suitable harbor with a channel depth of 30 feet, required by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, was duly submitted by the district engineer. It was reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers ahd Harbors, pursuant to law, and was transmitted to Congress January 13, 1928, but has not yet been printed. The improvement of this locality by the United 1 Exclusive of available funds. 338 REPORT.OF C HCEF OE ENGINEES, U. S. ARMY, 1928 States, other than as authorized by the existing project, is not deemed advisable at the present time. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making pre- liminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of August 8, 1917, March 3, 1925, and January 21, 1927, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. New York Harbor--West side of upper bay from Constable Hook to Ellis Island. 2. Smitts Creek, N. J. 3. Passaie River, N. J., from the Port Newark Terminal to Jaksn Street Bridge in the city, of Newark. 4. Manasquan River and Inlet, N. J. 5. Shrew!sbury River, at Highlands, N. J. 6. Raritan River, from Washington Channel to the lower lock of the Delaware and Raritan Canal at New, Brunswick, with the view of having the present channel increased to a depth of 15 feet below low water. 7. Washington Canal and South River, from the Raritan River at Old Bridge, with a view to eliminating curves and increasing the depth to 12 feet below low-water mark. 8. Woodbridge Creek, for a 10-foot channel. Reports as indicated below, called for by resolutions of the Com- mittee on Commerce of the Senate and the Committee on Rivers and Harbors of the House of Representatives, will be submitted as soon as practicable: 1. Review of reports on Mana quan Inlet, N. J., transmitted to Congress December 6, 1924, in compliance with the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922. 2. Review of reports on the News York Bay-Delaware River section of the Intracoastal Waterway, printed in House Document No. 391, Sixty-second Congress, second session; House Document No. 196, Sixty-third Congress, first session; and River and Harbor Com- mittee Document No. 6, Sixty-sixth Congress, third session. 3. Review of reports on Raritan River, N. J., printed in House Document No. 1341, Sixty-second Congress, third session, and the reports transmitted to Congress November 24, 1922, in compliance with the river and harbor act of June 5, 1920. 4. Review of reports on Newark Bay, N. J., printed in House Dor- ument No. 206, Sixty-seventh Congress, second session. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE PHILADELPHIA. PA., DISTRICT This district includes the watersheds drained by the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers, embracing a small area in southeastern New York, the eastern part of Pennsylvania, and the shore lines only of New Jersey and Delaware bordering on the Delaware River and Bay. The tributaries of the Delaware River below Trenton, N. J., on the east side, and below the Schuylkill River on the west side, are not included in this district. District engineer: Col. F. C. Boggs, Corps of Engineers, to Febru- ary 29, 1928; Col. J. A. Woodruff, Corps of Engineers, to April 16, RIVERS AND HARBORS PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT 339 1928; and Lieut. Col. G. B. Pillsbury, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineer: Col. W. J. Barden, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Delaware River, between Phil- adelphia, Pa., and Trenton, 4. Schuylkill River, Pa--------- 5. Ice harbor at Marcus Hook, 358 N. J-------------------- 339 Pa---------------------- 362 2. Delaware River, Pa., N. J., 6. Constructing pier in Delaware and Del., Philadelphia, Pa., Bay, near Lewes, Del------ 364 to the sea-------- ------ 344 7. Harbor of refuge, Delaware 3. Delaware River at Camden, Bay, Del---------------- 365 N. J -- _-- ---- 355 1. DELAWARE RIVER, BETWEEN PHILADELPHIA, PA., AND TRENTON, N. J. Location and description.-The Delaware River has its source in southeaster. New York, flows in a general southerly direction, form- ing the boundary line between the States of New York and New Jersey on the east, and Pennsylvania and Delaware on the west, and empties into Delaware Bay. Its total length is about 315 miles. The distance by water from Philadelphia Harbor to the harbor of refuge at the mouth of Delaware Bay is about 101 miles. The length of the bay, from the mouth of the river at Liston Point to the Atlan- tic Ocean, is about 50 miles. The distance by water from Allegheny Avenue, Philadelphia, to the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge at Tren- ton is about 30.5 miles. Tidewater extends to Trenton, N. J. The drainage area of the river is about 11,250 square miles and the average discharge above tidal influence near Trenton, N. J., varies from about 5,200 second-feet during the summer months to about 18,000 second-feet during the winter and spring months. Below Trenton the flow begins to be largely influenced by tidal action. Below Philadelphia the effect of the fresh water inflow on the regi- men of the stream is almost negligible. (See UT.S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey Charts Nos. 1218, 294, 295, and 296.) Original condition.--The channel was obstructed by shoals carry- ing depths of 3 to 8 feet, and between Bordentown and Trenton it was narrow and circuitous. The section of the river at Trenton, be- tween Lalor Street and the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge, was so obstructed by rocks and shoals as to be unfit for commercial naviga- tion. The head of steamboat navigation was at Lalor Street, Tren- ton, about 29.7 miles above Allegheny Avenue, Philadelphia, but the river was navigable for rafting and logging and for small boats for a distance of about 214 miles above Trenton. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 10, 1872, and was modified by the acts of March 3, 1875; June 14, 1880; July 5, 1884; August 17, 1894; March 2, 1907; June 25, 1910; July 25, 1912; and June 5, 1920. The total cost of these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project, under which work has not yet commenced, was $1,184,385.89, of which $990,143.30 was for new work and $194,242.59 for maintenance. The total expenditures under previous projects amounted to $1,183,279.34. 340 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19,28 For further details of previous projects see page 1778 of the Annual Report for 1915, and page 311, Annual Report for 1924. Existing project.--This provides for *a channel 20 feet deep at mean low water and generally 200 feet wide, from Allegheny Ave- nue, Philadelphia, Pa., to Landing Street, Trenton, N. J., or to such point below as may be selected for the public terminals. The pro- ject also provides for widening the channel at curves to 250 feet, and to 300 feet for a distance of 500 feet above and 500 feet below the railroad bridge at Biles Island, with a turning basin at the upper end 1,700 feet long and 400 feet wide; and for maintaining the channel dredged under the previous project to a depth of 12 feet at mean low water and a width of 200 feet from the upper end of the 20-foot channel to the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge at Ferry Street, Trenton. The total length of the improvement is about 30.5 miles, and the distance from the lower end to Liston Point, the accepted point of division between Delaware River and Delaware Bay, is about 55 miles. The mean range of tide at Philadelphia is 5.2 feet and at Trenton 4.2 feet. The extreme range under ordinary conditions is from 0.3 to 0.5 foot greater. Freshets, which occur usually during the latter part of February or the early part of March, attain a height in the upper portion of the river of 9 to 15 feet above mean low water, with a velocity of about 6 miles per hour. Freshets which cause a rise of from 5 to 9 feet occasionally occur at other seasons of the year. Navigation is usually suspended during the winter months on account of the formation of ice in the river. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1923, is $1,326,000, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects, and $50,000 for annual maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1925 (H. Doc. No. 228, 68th Cong., 1st sess.). A map of this improvement is published in the Annual Report for 1914, page 1804. Recommended mnodifications of project.-None. Local cooperation,--The act of July 25, 1912, adopting the project for improvement of the section between Lalor Street and the Penn- sylvania Railroad bridge at Trenton, imposed the condition that the city of Trenton should provide substantial terminal facilities com- mensurate- with the probable needs of present and prospective com- merce. To meet this condition steps were taken by the city of Trenton looking to the acquisition of all water-front property abut- ting on the proposed channel and plans were prepared for a compre- hensive scheme of municipal terminals. These plans have been partly carried out. The conditions imposed having been met, the Secretary of War gave his approval thereto on March 19, 1913, which then permitted work to be started on the 12-foot channel. The act of March 3, 1925, adopting the existing project, imposes the condition that local interests shall give satisfactory assurance to the Secretary of War that they will provide public terminals at Trenton having not less than 3,000 linear feet of berthing space, with adequate covered storage and mechanical equipment, capable of handling about 500,000 tons annually; will provide satisfactory rail and highway connections therewith; and will furnish, without RIVERS AND HARBORS PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT 341 cost to the United States, suitable areas, bulkheaded if necessary, for the disposal of dredged materials. Approximately 70 per cent of the water front within the city limits has been acquired by the city of Trenton, in addition to a large acreage south of the city line, which is considered by the city authorities satisfactory for an extensive river terminal. Plans are under consideration for bulk- head developments at this site, having a combined frontage equal to the project requirements. Negotiations have also been practically completed for furnishing areas for the disposal of dredged material, and tentative agreements have been reached with the railroads for service of the proposed terminals. Terminal facilities.-The city of Trenton has constructed a sub- stantial timber and concrete bulkhead along the established pierhead and bulkhead line at the foot of Ferry Street, at the upper end of the improvement, with a dock 200 feet wide, extending inshore 250 feet. A steel shed 115 feet by 195 feet has been built on the upper side of the dock, and the dock has been dredged to a depth of 12 feet. The street-railway company has extended its tracks to this terminal, and rail connection from the Pennsylvania Railroad to the unloading platforms at Ferry Street will be installed by the city. Approximately $356,000 has been expended by the city on the Ferry Street terminal to date. The upper wharf is leased to the Trenton- Philadelphia Steamboat Co., which operates a line of freight barges between Philadelphia and Trenton, in addition to a passenger ex- cursion steamer during the summer season. The city of Trenton also owns a wharf near the lower end of the city, intended for handling low-grade freight, and a public landing for yachts and for river traffic in all emergencies has been constructed at the foot of Lalor Street. There are 69 other wharves within the limits of the improvement, of which 1 is owned by the United States, 8 by the city of Philadelphia, 8 by other municipalities, and 52 are privately owned. Eleven of the municipally owned wharves and 8 of the pri- vately owned wharves are open to public use. The facilities are adequate for existing commerce. (For a detailed description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Work under the existing project has not yet been commenced. The improvement secured under the former projects has enabled barges and shallow-draft seagoing vessels to receive and discharge cargoes at several large industrial plants located on this section of the river. Freight and passenger steamers plying between Philadelphia and Trenton, which formerly used a landing near the lower end of Trenton, now use the municipal wharf at Ferry Street, near the central portion of the city. While the com- pletion of the 12-foot channel has not resulted in any reduction in freight rates, it has been possible to operate larger and deeper-draft vessels on regular schedules on this portion of the river, and by accommodating larger tugs and barges the improvement has mate- rially reduced the cost of sand and gravel dredged and transported by commercial concerns, which comprises the bulk of the traffic on the Delaware River above Philadelphia. Operations a~nd results during fiscal year.-Except for continued negotiations looking to the fulfillment of the conditions of local 342 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 cooperation, no work was done during the year on the 20-foot project adopted by the ,river and harbor act approved March 3, 1925. Main- tenance dredging in the 12-foot channel with leased plant was con- tinued until August 20, 1927, when the lease was terminated. Approximately 31,372 cubic yards, scow measurement, of material were removed from Bridge, Federal, and Duck Island ranges. The work done resulted in restoring the 12-foot depth in the channel between Philadelphia and Trenton, at a cost of $18,116.22 for maintenance. Harbor lines were established in April, 1928, at Morrisville, Pa., and at Trenton, N. J., at a cost, including surveys, of $2,347.34 for maintenance. The automatic tide gauge at Trenton, N. J., was con- tinued in operation, at a cost of $343.74 for maintenance. The cost of inspection of work done under permits was $595.92 for main- tenance. The cost of other miscellaneous work, including an examina- tion of the 12-foot channel, was $3,495.11, all for maintenance. The total cost of work during the year was $24,898.33, all for maintenance. Total expenditures during the year amounted to $28,710.65. Condition at end of fiseca year.-The portion of the 12-foot project applying to the section between Allegheny Avenue, Philadelphia, and Lalor Street, Trenton, was completed in 1913, with the exception of the dike at the upper end of Mud Island, the construction of which has been postponed. The section of the improvement between Lalor Street and the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge at Trenton was com- pleted in 1921. The latest examination of the 12-foot channel, com- pleted in June, 1928, showed a controlling channel depth up to the municipal dock at Ferry Street, Trenton, of 10 feet at mean low water. Depths less than 12 feet at mean low water were found along or near the channel center line, as follows: Mud Island range, 11.2; Lehigh range, 11.9; Bordentown range, 11.4; Duck Island range, 10; Perriwig range, 10.7; Biles Island range, 11.6; Bridge range, 10.3 (least depth on Bridge range to upper side of municipal dock, 14.2). The head of navigation for boat traffic is the upper end of the improvement at the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge at Trenton. No work has yet been done on the existing 20-foot project. Proposed operations.-The sum of $500,000 has been reserved for allotment when the conditions of local cooperation have been fully complied with. It is proposed to expend the balance of funds on hand and the funds to be allotted, approximately, as follows: Outstanding liabilities (June 30, 1928) ___________________ __-- $1, 273.87 Original dredging under contract, Philadelphia, Pa., to Roebling, ------- N. J. 1,630,000 cubic yards, at 28 cents per cubic yard----- 456, 400. 00 Engineering, inspection of channel, dredging, inspection of work under permits, overhead, and contingencies _________________ 44, 782. 54 Total -------------------------------------------------- 502, 456. 41 It is proposed to do the dredging by contract, since it is unlikely that suitable Government plant will be available. The work will probably be commenced in the vicinity of Riverton, N. J., at the lower end of the proposed 20-foot channel, ahd will probably be com- pleted as far as Roebling, N. J., about December, 1929. RIVERS AND HARBORS PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT 343 It is not anticipated that work on the 20-foot channel will be sufficiently advanced during this fiscal year to permit the profitable expenditure of additional funds during the fiscal year 1930. Commercial statistics.-The season of navigation on this section of the river extended from about March 1 to December 31, 1927. Commerce on this section of the river is almost exclusively domestic. In addition to barges and other craft, which operate without regular schedule, one regular freight line operated between Philadelphia and Trenton and points intermediate thereto throughout the year. This line used the municipal pier at Trenton, under an arrangement with that city. During the 1927 season of navigation a daily schedule by barge and lighter was maintained. During January and February, when ice conditions prevail, freight is ordinarily transported by motor truck. During the summer months two passenger excursion lines were in operation-one to Burlington Island (a pleasure resort) and the other carrying passengers on pleasure trips out of Trenton. The total number of passengers carried was 81,290, an increase of approxi- mately 53 per cent over 1926. Commerce totaled 5,733,890 short tons, valued at $17,530,098, an increase of approximately 5 per cent in volume and 9 per cent in value over 1926. Sand, gravel, and stone continue to form the bulk of commerce on this section of the river, the aggregate movement of these commodi- ties being approximately 4,791,000 tons, as compared with 4,829,000 tons in 1926. Substantial increases are recorded in the movement of other principal commodities, such as coal, petroleum products, pig iron, and pipe and fittings. Commerce on this section was carried in vessels, mostly barges, drawing from 6 to 16 feet. Comparative statement of traffic Receipts and shipments Cargoes in transit YearPassen- Tons Value Tons Value 1923-------- ------------------------- 3,104, 259 $17, 967, 766 364, 681 18, 449 $1, 448, 260 1924 -..--- - --- -------------------------- 3,186, 590 14,027,229 179,379 18, 897 1, 421,176 1925 ---------- - -------------------------- 4,906, 068 16, 711, 741 59, 897 19,533 806,096 1926--........----- -------------------------- 5,447, 278 16, 096, 389 53, 202 9, 915 341,051 1927__ _------ ------------------------- 5, 733, 890 17, 530, 098 181, 560 1,046 261, 410 1 In addition, 492,793 passengers were carried by ferry boats. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928---- _________------------ _ _ $990, 143. 30 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928-_______________-___ 194, 242. 59 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928---------- 1, 184, 385. 89 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928----_____ 167. 32 Net total cost to June 30, 1928_ -__- ____-___--1, 184, 553. 21 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928________-____-__-_____ 1, 273. 87 Net total expenditures----- 1, 183, 279. 34 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928--- 2, 456. 41 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928___--- - - 1, 185, 735. 75 344 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work.....------------------------------------------------------------ --- Cost of maintenance....................... ------------------------------------------------------- $24,898. 33 Total expended...---------------......................---------- $28, 408. 24 $1, 728.05 $1, 762. 37 $28, 508. 83 28, 710.65 Allotted------................................----------------------. 35,000.00 500.00 ----------------------- ...---------..... 2--6, Balance unexpended July 1, 1927----------- ------------ $31, 167.06 Gross amount expended------------------------$28, 737. 37 Less receipts from sales----------------------------- 26. 72 28, 710. 65 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928---------------- 2, 456. 41 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928 , 273.87 1-------------------------- Balance available June 30, 1928----------------------- 1, 182. 54 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of - -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - -- -- - - - ,, 326, 000. 00 existing project 2. DELAWARE RIVER, PA., N. J., AND DEL., PHILADELPHIA, PA., TO THE SEA Location and description.-See page 339, also United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 1218, 294, and 295. Original .condition.--The river was obstructed by shoals and bars carrying a minimum usable depth of 17 feet in the upper part of Philadelphia Harbor, 17 feet over Mifflin Bar, 18 feet over Schooner Ledge, 18 feet over Cherry Island Flats, 24 feet over Pennsville Shoals, 20 feet at Bulkhead Bar, and 21 feet at Dan Baker Shoal, with a channel width varying from about 175 to 600 feet. The actual and natural head of navigation for steamers and other craft is at Trenton, N. J., about 30 miles above Philadelphia and about 85 miles above the mouth of the river. The river is navigable, however, for small boats and for rafting and logging for about 214 miles above Trenton. Previous projects.-Provision for improvement at isolated locali- ties was made by the river and harbor acts of July 4, 1836; March 3, 1873; March 3, 1875; June 18, 1878; March 3, 1879; July 5, 1884; and August 11, 1888. A comprehensive project for a 26-foot channel from Philadelphia to the sea was adopted in 1885. A project for a 30-foot channel was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899. The total cost of these projects, prior to the adoption of the existing project, which was begun in 1910, was $14,001,466.63, the cost of new work being $12,976,057.61, and the cost of maintenance $1,025,409.02. Total expenditures under previous projects were $14,001,466.63.2 For further details of previous projects see page 1779 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel from deep water in Delaware Bay at a point about 8 miles below the mouth of the river to Allegheny Avenue, Philadelphia, a distance of about 63 miles, having a depth of 35 feet at mean low water and a width of 800 feet 1 Exclusive of available funds. 2 Exclusive of $124,500 expended on that part of the Delaware River between Philadel- phia and Trenton prior to adoption of existing project, and included in total expenditures reported for Delaware River, Pa. and N. J., Philadelphia, Pa., to Trenton, N. J. RIVERS AND HARBORS PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT 345 in the straight parts, 1,200 feet at Bulkhead Bar, 1,000 feet at the other bends, and 1,000 feet in Philadelphia Harbor. The project includes the construction of dikes for the better regulation and con- trol of the tidal flow. The mean range of tide at various points on the river and bay is as follows: Philadelphia, Pa., 5.2 feet; Chester, Pa., 5.5 feet; New Castle, Del., 5.5 feet; Liston Point, Del., 5.9 feet; and Lewes, Del., 4.3 feet. Under the influence of heavy and long- continued winds the range of tide occasionally varies from about 4 feet below to about 10 feet above mean low water. Observations which have been in progress by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey for a number of years at Philadelphia, Pa., indicate that there has been a decrease in the main tidal range of about 0.7 foot and an increase in the elevation of the mean low-water level of about 0.8 foot, as compared with the range and elevation observed at the same locality in 1878 and earlier. The change is believed to be due partly or wholly to the introduction of regulating works in the river. Ob- servations conducted by this office at various other points on the river indicate a similar change at these localities. The latest (1922) estimate of cost is $15,300,000 for new work, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1927) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,650,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910. (H. Doc. No. 733, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published map may be found in the Annual Report for 1913, page 1746. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. In connection with previous projects for 26-foot and 30-foot channels, approximately 8,115,000 cubic yards of dredged material and 27,000 cubic yards of ledge rock were removed from the channel at a total cost of about $1,552,000, with funds appropriated by the State of Pennsylvania and the city of Philadelphia. Terminal facilities.-There are 365 wharves within the limits of the improvement, including those under construction. One hundred and sixty-nine are within the limits of the city of Philadelphia, Pa.; 86 are along the water fronts of Camden and Gloucester, N. J., opposite Philadelphia; 33 are at Chester, Pa.; and 77 at other points below Philadelphia. The United States owns 46 wharves, 4 of which are open to public use. The State of Pennsylvania owns 1 wharf, used by the Federal quarantine service, and not open to public use. Twenty-eight wharves are owned by municipalities. Of these, 7 are open to public use, free of charge, and 14 on payment of charges. There are 290 privately owned wharves, of which 42 are open to public use on payment of charges, and 24 open, free of charge, but subject to certain conditions. The city of Philadelphia is engaged in carrying out a compre- hensive plan for enlarging and improving the terminal facilities of the port. This city owns 19 piers along its Delaware River frontage, exclusive of those above Allegheny Avenue, and has another under construction. Among them are 12 modern steel and concrete piers, 550 to 900 feet long, equipped with freight-handling facilities. Two piers, respectively, 1,24 and 1,490 feet long, were built by the United States Quartermaster Department during the World 346 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, 13. S. ARMY, 1928 War for handling overseas shipments. These piers are now leased to a terminal company and are used for handling miscellaneous freight cargoes. The Navy Department has 13 piers at the Phila- delphia Navy Yard and a number of bulkheads which are used for wharfage purposes. The city of Camden owns three piers, two of which are open to the public. This city has adopted plans for a terminal, including wharves, warehouses, rail and highway connections, on water-front property owned by the city. The reconstruction of one of the municipal piers as part of this plan has been completed. Other municipally owned piers are: One at Gloucester, N. J.; three at Chester, Pa.; one at New Castle, Del.; and one at Delaware City, Del. All are open to public use. The terminal facilities are adequate for existing commerce, and with the additional facilities under construction or contemplated will provide for a great increase in the amount of commerce which can be handled on this improvement. (For a detailed description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 4, Corps of Engineers.) Anchorage areas at the port of Philadelphia, with the acreage and depth in each area, are as follows: 1. Opposite Port Richmond (Pa.) coal piers in the upper part of Philadelphia Harbor, to the eastward of the main ship channel; 200 acres, depth 12 to 28 feet. 2. Opposite Greenwich Point, in the lower part of Philadelphia Harbor, to the eastward of the main ship channel; 232 acres, depth 15 to 40 feet. 3. Opposite Philadelphia Navy Yard to the westward of the main ship chari- nel; 77 acres, depth 22 to 34 feet. 4. Opposite Fort Mifflin, Pa., to the westward of the main ship channel; 63 acres, depth 18 to 30 feet. 5. Opposite Marcus Hook, Pa., to the eastward of the main ship channel: 225 acres, depth 20 to 30 feet. Jurisdiction over these anchorage areas is exercised by local authorities. Effect of improvement.-The work of improvement thus far com- pleted has greatly facilitated the movements of deep-draft vessels and has resulted in a marked increase in the size and draft of vessels utilizing the port of Philadelphia. Operations and resuilts dring fscal year.-New work was in progress under three contracts-two for dredging alone, in Philadel- phia Harbor and on lower Marcus Hook and Bellevue ranges, and one for dredging and rock removal on Eddystone, Chester, and upper Marcus Hook ranges. Under the contract for dredging in Philadelphia Harbor, approxi- mately 60,720 cubic yards of material were removed, completing the channel through the harbor to project dimensions as far as Manme- luke Rock, except small rock areas just below that ledge. The cost of this item was $31,205.53. Under the contract for dredging on lower Marcus Hook and Bellevue ranges, approximately 39,600 cubic yards, including over- depth dredging, of hard material were removed and deposited over a length of 4,000 feet in extension of Edgemoor Dike. This work re- sulted in uncovering a few hard shoals on Marcus Hook range, prob- ably ledge rock, which will be removed under a future contract. The cost of this item was $23,707.15. RIVERS AND HARBORS PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT 347 Under the contract for dredging and rock removal, about 2,000 cubic yards, place measurement, of ledge rock were drilled and blasted on Marcus Hook range, and about 13,000 cubic yards, scow measurement, of broken rock and other material were removed and deposited in Edgemoor Dike extension. The cost of this item was $32,030.61. A contract was in force at the end of the year for dredging and rock removal at Mameluke Rock, and rock shoals near Susquehanna Avenue, Philadelphia Harbor, the excavated material to be placed in a proposed dike at Howell Cove, N. J. Work had not yet commenced at the end of the year. The cost of this item was $4,031.35. Probings were completed in August, 1927, at the upper end of Chester range to determine the location and extent of ledge rock in the 35-foot channel. As a result of this examination, the channel was shifted to the eastward at this locality, and a new channel range (Eddystone range) was established in deeper water, avoiding the greater part of the ledge rock found at the upper end of Chester range. The cost of relocating the channel at Eddystone range was $733.31, all for new work. The operation of recording tide gauges at various points on the river below Philadelphia was continued, except during part of the winter, at a cost of $1,106.41 for new work. The cost of other miscellaneous new work during the year was $48.52. Maintenance dredging was in progress during the year under four contracts-2 in Philadelphia Harbor, 1 on Tinicum range, and 1 on lower Marcus Hook and upper Bellevue ranges. An emer- gency contract for maintenance dredging to 30 feet at mean low water at Pier 98 South, Philadelphia, involving the removal of 7,082 cubic yards, was completed April 6, 1928, at a cost of $3,112.09, and resulted in the removal of a shoal across the entrance to one of the Tidewater Terminal docks. Under the contract for maintenance dredging on Tinicum range, which was nearly completed at the end of the year, approximately 956,850 cubic yards were removed, resulting in the restoration of the 35-foot depth over the full channel width on this range. The cost of this item was $301,768.35. Under the contract for dredging on lower Marcus Hook and upper Bellevue ranges approximately 109,800 cubic yards of soft material were removed and deposited ashore at Raccoon Island, N. J. This work resulted in restoring the project depth over part of the channel width and uncovered hard shoals, which will be examined by probings on completion of the contract. The cost of this item was $52,957.05. Maintenance dredging to 35 feet at mean low water was comnmenced in June, 1928, on an extensive shoal in lower Philadelphia Harbor, between McKean Street and Point House Wharf. Approximately 56,000 cubic yards had been removed at the end of the year, resulting in the restoration of about 1,000 linear feet of the channel to project dimensions. The cost of this item was $24,355.48. A contract was in force at the end of the year for maintenance dredging to 30 feet at mean low water in the upper part of Phila- delphia Harbor, opposite Port Richmond, for the benefit of naviga- tion plying to important oil wharves at Petty Island and to the Port i 348 REPORT OF cHIEF :OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Richmond Terminal. This work had not yet commenced at the close of the year. The cost of this item was $478.50. Maintenance dredging was in progress throughout the year, except during the winter lay up, with the seagoing dredges Delaware, Man- hattan, New Orleans, and attendant plant. The Diesel electric hopper dredge Rossell, which was transferred to this district from Washing- ton, D. C., in April, 1928, was operated in Delaware River on mainte- nance dredging from June 16 to the end of the year, after completing maintenance dredging in Christiana River for the Wilmington (Del.) district. The total quantity of material removed from Delaware River in maintenance work during the year by these dredges was 11,653,544 cubic yards, bin measurement, of which 5,312.627 cubic yards were delivered in the rehandling basin at Artificial Island. 6,284,996 cubic yards in the rehandling basin at Pedricktown, and 55,921 cubic yards were deposited without rehandling near the New Jersey shore below Pennsville, N. J. A navigable depth of 32 feet or more at mean low water was maintained over the entire length of the channel throughout the year. The total cost of maintenance dredging with Government plant, including cost of rehandling oper- ations by the Cataract at Artificial Island and the Gillespie and booster plant at Pedricktown, and the cost of other attendant plant, was $1,165,984.23. Work was completed August 17, 1927, under contract for construct- ing a 36-inch concrete drainage sewer, 2,000 feet in length, along the northern boundary of the Killcohook disposal area. The cost of this item was $13,486.14, for maintenance. Repairs to Killcohook Dike were completed during the year by the derrick boat Rattler, approximately 8,185 tons of cobbles and riprap stone being deposited behind the dike as reinforcement where scour had occurred. The cost of this item was $42,325.15, for maintenance. Repairs to the upper end of Edgemoor Dike, where part of the old timber structure had been destroyed, were also completed by the Rattler, about 1,010 tons of stone being placed to form a new shore connection, at a cost of $7,143.16, for maintenance. Repairs to Alloway Dike by the Rattler were in progress at the end of the year. The cost of miscellaneous work at Killcohook disposal area, in- cluding acquisition of land, construction of a pipe line trestle by the Rattler, and placing of riprap at the drainage sewer outfall, was $11,617.87, all for maintenance. Preliminary surveys and studies were made in connection with the establishment of a proposed rehandling basin at the lower end of Arti- ficial Island to shorten the length of haul for the seagoing dredges working on Liston range. The cost of this item was $2,241.97 for maintenance. The cost of other miscellaneous work at the Artificial Island dis- posal area, including negotiations looking to the acquisition of ad- ditional land, repairing a gap at the east end of Stony Point Dike, and repairs to Alloway Creek Dike by the Rattler, and general maintenance, was $6,318.72. The cost of miscellaneous work at Pedricktown Basin, including repairs to river banks, construction of drainage ditches, and building new banks around part of the filled area, and general maintenance, was $5,199.50. RIVERS AND HARBORS PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT 349 Other miscellaneous maintenance cost during the year in! connec- tion with the electric-power survey, permits for private work, in- vestigations for Federal Power Commission, harbor lines at Chester, Pa., and investigation of port facilities amounted to $6,709.52. An intensive study of the regimen of the river in connection with the rational design of regulating works with a view to reducing the cost of maintenance, including observations of bottom and surface currents, and collection of samples of the river bottom, and studies pertaining to the location and design of training dikes, was in progress at the end of the year. The cost of this work was $4,763.88. The total cost of all new work during the year was $92,862.88. The total cost of all maintenance work was $1,648,461.61. The com- bined cost of new work and maintenance was $1,741,324.49. The total expenditures during the year amounted to $840,569.62. Condition at end of fP0cal year.-Based on a comparison between the cost of new work under the existing project, as compared with its total estimated cost, the project is about 76 per cent completed. Of the 63 miles of channel covered by the improvement, there had been completed to project dimensions a length of approximately 61.5 miles (including sections where a natural depth of 35 feet or more exists) extending from the Mameluke Rock area, near the foot of Susque- hanna Avenue, Philadelphia, to deep water at the lower end of Liston range, except as follows: There are small areas of ledge rock above grade in the west half of the channel at Chester, Pa., near the inter- section of Chester and Marcus Hook ranges (the removal of which by contract is now in progress), and a few hard shoals uncovered by dredging in progress under contract near the lower end of Marcus Hook range, which may be ledge rock. An extensive area of ledge rock near the upper end of Chester range has been avoided (except a small amount to be removed under a contract in force), by shifting the channel to the eastward at that locality. A channel length of 2,000 feet in the upper harbor, opposite Port Richmond, Philadelphia, has been dredged to full dimensions, and a section 2,000 feet long, one-half mile below this, including Mameluke Rock, has been partly covered by drilling, blasting, and, dredging operations under a former contract. This area, and adjacent small rock areas below it, have recently been placed under contract for dredging and rock removal to a depth of 36 feet at mean low water. There is now a clear channel past Mameluke Rock approximately :250 feet wide, in the west half of the channel, with a minimum depth of 30 feet at mean low water. Persistent shoaling occurs in portions of the completed channel, but a usable ship channel with a controlling depth of approximately 34 feet at mean low water extended from Philadelphia to the sea. The dikes at Chester Island, Old Man Point, ,a and the lower and upper ends of Artificial Island, with total length of 11,760 feet, were completed. The topping off of the old Reedy Island Dike, 6,528 feet long, and the extension of this dike down- stream for a length of 5,850 feet were completed. The extension of the dike at Mifflin Bar downstream to a point about 5,339 feet below its former terminus was completed. Preliminary work on the exten- sion of Edgemoor Dike has been done, approximately 610,080 cubic yards of heavy dredged material and blasted rock having been de- posited as reinforcement of the old timber bulkhead and to form an 350 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 embankment in extension of it. This embankment will be further extended with additional material to be removed from the Delaware River, under existing contracts for dredging and rock removal near Chester, Pa., and Bellevue, Del. The total quantity of soft material removed under contract for original channel dredging was approximately 49,477,134 cubic yards, exclusive of excessive overdepth dredging. The total quantity removed by Government plant was approximately 2,829,986 cubic yards, making a total of 52,307,120 cubic yards removed under the project. The total quantity of material removed under contracts providing for the excavation of ledge rock was 26,000 cubic yards of rock and 102,300 cubic yards of other material. In addition approxi- mately 50,386 cubic yards of ledge rock had been drilled and blasted under a former contract at Mameluke Rock. The total quantity of stone placed in dikes was approximately 729,879 tons (exclusive of approximately 139,965 tons placed in Killcohook Dike), which completed about 60 per cent of the dike work contemplated when the project was adopted. There still remains to be done to complete all work contemplated by the project approximately 1,950,000 cubic yards of dredging, approximately 110,000 cubic yards of rock excavation (including rock already drilled and blasted), the completion of Edgemoor Dike, and the construction of further dikes for the better regulation and control of the tidal flow. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year is $25,608,074.02, of which $11,575,564.96 was for new work and $14,032,509.06 for maintenance. The total expenditures under the existing project were $27,234,936.33. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended funds, June 30, 1928, amounting to $4,711,527.36, approximately, as follows : New work : Dredging and rock removal on Eddystone. Chester, and Marcus Hook ranges, under existing contract__________ _____ $750, 000. 00 Dredging and rock removal under existing contract, Mameluke Rock, Philadelphia Harbor - ------------- 897, 500. 00 Engineering and overhead- 80, 000. 00 Total for new work ............... $1, 727, 500. 00 Maintenance: Operation and care of U. S. seagoing dredges Delaware, Manhattan, New Orleans, and Rossell; rehandling pipe-line dredges Cat- aract, Capt. Huston, and Gillespie, booster gnd attendant plant------------------- $1, 440, 000. 00 Transfer of dredge Capt. Huston from Porto Rico to Philadelphia district ------- -- 130, 000. 00 Repairs to above plant (1928-29) 195, 000. 00 Maintenance dredging on Marcus Hook and Bellevue ranges, under contract in force__ 250, 000. 00 Maintenance dredging in lower Philadelphia Harbor, under contract in force----------- 265, 000. 00 Maintenance dredging at Port Richmond, Phil- adelphia Harbor, under contract in force__ 116, 000. 00 Current surveys and studies pertaining to design of regulating works in Delaware Ri xAver -- - . --- _--- 300000 #), vV. n vv RIVERS AND HARBORS PHILADELPHIA, 'PA., DISTRICT 35i Maintenance--Continued. Purchase of additional land for disposal area east of Artificial Island-------------- $160, 000. 00 Construction of survey boat, under contract to be entered into------------------------- 70, 000. 00 Engineering, superintendence and inspection, office overhead, and contingencies--------- 24, 987. 82 Outstanding liabilities (June 30, 1928) ..... 303, 039. 54 Total for maintenance _--- -- _ __ _----- ---- $2, 984, 027.36 Total for new work and maintenance------------------4, 711, 527. 30 The dredging and rock removal on Eddystone, Chester, and Marcus Hook ranges is now in progress and will probably be completed in July, 1929. The removal of the remainder of Mameluke Rock, in Philadelphia Harbor, will be commenced in July, 1928,. and will probably be completed in the spring of 1930. Material excavated under this contract will be used in the construction of a training dike at Howell Cove, N. J., opposite the Horseshoe Bend. Maintenance dredging is in progress with the Government plant referred to (except the dredge Carptain Huston) and will be con- tinued throughout the year, except during the winter period, when annual repairs will be made. The pipe-line dredge Captain iHuston will be transferred to this district about August 15, and after com- pletion of overhaul and repairs will be operated at Killcohook Basin. The Diesel electric hopper dredge Rossell will probably be engaged in maintenance dredging in Delaware River during nine months of the year (including the winter lay up) and during the remainder of the year will be assigned to maintenance dredging in the Christiana River for the Wilmington (Del.) district. Maintenance dredging is in progress under contract on lower Mar- cus Hook and upper Bellevue ranges, and will probably be completed about December, 1928. This work is expected to uncover a few small rock shoals on lower Marcus Hook range. Maintenance dredging to 35 feet, to afford deep-draft vessels free access to the Tidewater Ter- minal piers in Philadelphia Harbor, will probably be completed under a contract in force about May, 1929. Maintenance dredging to 30 feet in the east half of the channel at Port Richmond, under an existing contract, will probably be completed in September, 1928. An intensive study of sections of the river where channel shoals recur, including current- and other field observations, will be carried on throughout the year in connection with the design of regulating works. Negotiations for the purchase of land for additional dis- posal area east of Artificial Island will probably be completed by December, 1928. The construction under contract of a steam survey boat to replace the tug Philadelphia will probably be commenced about September, 1928, and completed about June, 1929. The sum of $4,549,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930, as follows: New work: Completion of dredging and rock removal under exist- ing contract, Mameluke Rock, Philadelphia Harbor_ $352, 500 Original dredging in Philadelphia Harbor, between Mameluke Rock and Allegheny Avenue, under con- tract----------- ------- 445, 000 14710-- NO 1928---23 352 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 New work-Continued. Removal of rock shoals at lower end of Marcus Hook range ------------------------------------ $150, 000 Completion of Edgemoor Dike-------------------- 307, 500 Inspection and overhead------------------------- 45, 000 Total for new work-.. ---. -------------------- $1,300, 000 Maintenance: Operation and care of United States seagoing dredges Delaware, Manhattan, New Orleans, Rossell, rehan- dling pipe-line dredges Cataract, Gillespie, and Hus- ton, booster and attendant plant-------------- 1,440, 00 Annual repairs to above plant (1929-1930) --------- 195, 000 Construction of training works (by contract) -- ,300, 000 1----- Maintenance dredging by contract, Philadelphia Har- bor at Port Richmond (in connection with com- pletion of channel from Mameluke Rock to Alle- gheny Avenue) .------ ---------------- 120, 000 Engineering, superintendence and inspection, over- head, and cdntingencies- ..--- -------- 89, 000 Total for maintenance ------- ------------------- 3, 144, 000 Total for new work and maintenance-------- -____-__4,444, 000 The amount required for maintenance during the fiscal year 1930 is in excess of the average amount expended for maintenance during the last five years, due to the addition of two dredges to the mainte- nance plant, and Itothe proposed construction of training works to reduce the future cost of maintenance dredging. Commercial statistics.-This section of the river is open to navi- gationi throughout the year. The following tabular list shows the ordinary loaded draft of vessels navigating this section: Trans- Local and Trans- Local and Character of vessels oceanic coastwise Character of vessels oceanic coastwise draft draft draft draft Feet Feet Feet Feet Army transportation Iron, and steel carriers ....-------- 30 .......---------. 26-30 . Barges -------------------- -------- 6-22 Lumber carriers---------------------.. 9-18 Battleships-..---------..------. 26-31 ---------------- -.......... Oil carriers........ 26-32 22-29 Coal carriers--------------- 21-29 14-23. Ore carriers_. - 24-31 . General cargo carriers:- ---- 27-32 18-32 River steamers---- ----------........... 6-11 Grain carriers..........--... 24-28 ----------- Sugar carriers...--------------......... 18-26..-- The draft of vessels navigating this section of the Delaware River is limited by the depth of the existing channel. Vessels drawing in excess of 30 feet show an increase of 11 as compared with 1926. With the completion of the 35-foot channel, indications are that many vessels drawing 31 to 35 feet;will be used in the Philadelphia trade or will make Philadelphia a regular port of call. The principal commodities carried were as follows: Imports: Hides, skins, bones, bananas, molasses, sugar, dyeing materials, flaxseed, licorice root, wool, jute manufactures, cork, paper stock, clays, crude petroleum and other nonmetallic minerals, metals and manufactures, and fertilizers. Exports: Oil cake, wheat and other grains, sugar, coal, petroleum products, iron and steel, machinery, benzol, and fertilizers. Coastwise receipts: Canned goods, fruits and vegetables, rosin, textiles, lumber, crude petroleum and products, copper, phosphate rock, and general merchandise. RIVER$S AND HABORS-PHILAILPHIAr P1A Da8wm 358 Coastwise shipments: Canned goods, sugar, licorice mass, rubber goods, tobacco, textiles, paper and manufactures, coal and coke, petroleum products, iron and steel and manufactures, machinery and vehicles, paints, soaps, and general merchandise. Other domestic: Wheat and other grains, cork, coal, petroleum products, sand, gravel, and stone, chalk, pig iron, acids, nitrate of soda and miscellaneous chemicals, and general merchandise. The commerce for Delaware River, Philadelphia, Pa., to the sea totaled 20,825,239 short tons, valued at $1,054,243,346, a decrease of approximately 6.38 per cent in volume and 3.43 per cent in value, as compared with 1926. (Net commerce of the port of Philadelphia, combining the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers, eliminating all dupli- cations, totaled 26,894,672 short tons, valued at $1,141,343,952, a de- crease of approximately 4.51 per cent in volume and 3.90 per cent in value, as compared with 1926.) Comparing commerce of the Delaware River, Philadelphia, Pa., to the sea (or of the port as a whole) for 1927 with previous years, the decrease is not material, because abnormal export shipments of coal in 1926, due to the coal. strike in England, increased the tonnage for that year. In the foreign trade the volume of exports fell off approximately 40 per cent, while imports increased approximately 1.49 per cent. In the domestic trade, coastwise commerce increased 10 per cent. In general, the 1927 commerce taken as a whole is well in excess of that for 1924 and 1925. During the year a reasonable expansion was made by established steamship lines trading at the port of Philadelphia in both foreign and coastwise commerce. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers collected 1923 - .__.............................-------------------. 22, 345, 082 $992,005,671 2,277,817 $51, 387, 198 1924 ........................................... __ 20,192,794 940,122,967 1,662,599 49,888,119 1925_ ------------------------------- 19, 839,498 1,068, 152,068 1,844,967 50, 726, 995 -. ------ 1926 i----:- ------------------- . 22, 243, 586 1, 091, 638, 499 1,237, 447 50, 724, 976 1927. _ ................................- 1 20, 825,239 1 1,054, 243, 346 2 1,281,908 48, 598, 601 Exclusive of the following traffic: Car-ferry and other across- Cargoes in transit river trafficargoes in transit Year Tons Value Tons Value 1923 . . . ..................................-------------------------------------- 3,718,800 $715, 530, 401 4,090, 872 $101,173,747 1924 ............................................--------------------------------------. 3,989, 107 539, 123, 176 4,960,650 112, 945, 731 1925---------.............................----------------------------........ 3, 177, 653 407, 501, 842 5, 479, 662 127, 871, 100 1926_-. ---. __-__ _ .-. ..- . -_ ---.. . - .- 2, 591,017 371, 689,925 6,825,727 148, 239, 290 1927 ..................... ----...............------ 2, 224,172 314, 382,161 7, 464, 743 167,177, 965 1 Includes 1,301,665 tons foreign commerce valued at $34,271,296 and 850,387 tons domestic intraport receipts and shipments valued at $18,604,374, also reported under head of "Schuylkill River, Pa." 2 In addition, 31,830,594 passengers were carried by ferryboats. 364 OF CHIF OFNjGiftERS 8 . ARMY, 192 8 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928-------------------------- $24, 551, 622.57 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------- 15, 057, 918. 08 Total cost of permanent work to June' 30, 1928-----------.39, 609, 540.65 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928 ---------- 1, 741, 061. 78 Net total cost to June 30, 1928--------------------------41, 350, 602. 43 Add accounts receivable June 30, 1928------------------------- 46, 336. 54 Gross total costs to June 30, 1928-------------------- 41, 396, 938.97 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928------------------------ 160, 536. 01 Net total expenditures-------------------------------- 41, 236, 402. 96 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928------------------------- 4, 711, 527. 36 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------------- 45, 947, 930. 32 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work--------.........-----------...-------------............................-------------------------......................... $92,862.88 Cost of maintenance.............. I----..........................-------------- ...........................-------- 1,648, 461. 61 Total cost-----------.................. -------- 1,741,324.49 ...........................------------------..............---.............. Total expended.................. $2,493,701.74 $2,173, 297.97 $2,715,688.40 $1,744, 182.33 840, 569.62 Allotted..........----------------- 00 1,907, 50000. 2, 815,000. 00 2,433,000.00 2,017, 653.30 1, 476,255.78 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927---------------------------- $4, 075, 841.20 Amount allotted from War Department appropria- tion act approved June 30, 1922---------- ------ $4, 229. 47 Amount allotted from War Department appropria- tion act approved Sept. 22, 1922.......... 80, 799. 30 Amount allotted from War Departinent appropria- tion act approved June 7, 1924----------------- 3, 800. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropria- tion act approved Apr. 15, 1926-------- -------- 2, 500. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropria- tion act approved Mar. 23, 1928 ....... -2, 150, 000. 00 2, 241, 328. 77 Amount to be accounted for----------------------------6, 317, 169. 97 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment--------------- 765, 072. 99 Net amount to be accounted for------------------------- 5, 552, 09. 98 Gross amount expended----------------------- $1, 610, 718.05 Less receipts from sales----- ------------------ 770, 148. 43 840, 569 .62 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928----------------------- 4. 711, 527. 36 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928------------- $303, 039. 54 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts--------- 2, 393, 508. 16 2, 696, 547. 70 Balance available June 30, 1928------------------------- 2, 014, 979. 66 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1, 996, 900. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930: 1- For new work - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1, 300, 00. 00 For maintenance 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3, 144, 00. 00 Total 1- - --- ------ ---- ----- - -- --- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- --- 4, 444, 000.00 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT 355 3. DELAWARE RIVER AT CAMDEN, N. J. Location and description.-Camden, N. J., is located on the east bank of the Delaware River, directly opposite the city of Philadel- phia, Pa. It is about 55 miles above the mouth of the river and about 101 miles above the harbor of refuge at the mouth of Delaware Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 295.) Original condition.-Due to its position on the inside of a bend in the river, the water in front of the upper portion of Camden, in the vicinity of Cooper Point, was shoal for a considerable distance from the shore, with depths as low as 61/2 feet on the present established pierhead line. Along the lower portion, just above Newton Creek, where the river bends in the opposite direction, natural depths of 35 feet or more existed close to the pierhead line. Previous proj6ts.-The project adopted June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 733, 61st Cong., 2d sess.), for a 35-foot channel between Phila- delphia and the sea, provided for improvement along the Camden water front to the extent of dredging to a depth of 15 feet where such depth does not already exist, with a uniform slope to the eastern edge of the 35-foot channel. No work was done on this portion of the project. Existing project.-This provides for dredging in front of Camden to a depth of 18 feet at mean low water from that depth north of Cooper Point to Kaighn Point Ferry, and 30 feet from the latter point to Newton Creek, these depths to extend from the projected 35-foot channel in the Delaware River to a line parallel with and 50 feet distant from the established pierhead line. The distance from Cooper Point to Kaighn Point Ferry is about 2.4 miles, and from Kaighn Point Ferry to Newton Creek is about 1.67 miles. The mean range of tide is 5.2 feet, and the extreme range under the in- fluence of heavy and long-continued winds is from about 4 feet below to about 10 feet above mean low water. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1921, was $186,080. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $15,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 1120, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modiflcations of project.-Under date of December 10, 1927, the Chief of Engineers recommended modification of the existing project so as to provide for extending the 30-foot channel from Kaighn Point Ferry to the vicinity of Berkley Street between the 35-foot channel and a line 50 feet distant from the pierhead line, at a total estimated cost of $311,000, with $10,000 annually for main- tenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. (See H. Doc. No. 111, 70th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, requires local interests to contribute $15,000 toward the improve- ment. On May 16, 1921, this sum was received from the city of Camden, N. J., and deposited in the United States Treasury. Terminal facilities.-There are 55 wharves within the limits of this improvement. Two are owned by the city of Camden, both open to the public. One of these has been reconstructed on modern lines 356 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 as part of the city's plans for a terminal, including wharves, ware- houses, rail and highway connections, on water-front property owned by the city. The remaining 53 are privately owned; one of these is open to public use. The wharves on this portion of the Camden water front are included in those described under the proj- ect for improving Delaware River from Philadelphia to the sea. (For a detailed description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 4, Corps of Engineers.) I ffeat of improvement.-The completion of the lower section to a depth of 30 feet at mean low water and the completion of the upper section to a depth of 18 feet at mean low water have materially facilitated the movements of vessels in these portions of the river. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-No work was done dur- ing the year, except an examination of the project area, completed in April, 1928, to determine the amount of shoaling. The cost of the surveys referred to was $597.86. Specifications for maintenance dredging by contract were prepared at a cost of $23.85. The total cost of work during the year was $621.71, all for maintenance. Total expenditures during the year amounted to $621.71. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1924, at a saving of $16,754 under the estimated cost. The examina- tion referred to in the preceding paragraph shows a narrow shoal extending along the eastern edge of the area, widening somewhat at Kaighn Point and near the upper end. The least depth in the 30-foot section is about 26.3 feet, near the eastern edge at Kaighn Point; the least depth in the 18-foot section is about 13.5 feet, near the eastern edge at Cooper Point. The amount of shoaling since last year has been slight, and the existing depths over the greater part of the project area are adequate for present navigation. The cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year, excluding $15,000 contributed funds which were expended for new work, was $171,133.76, of which $169,325.38 was for new work, and $1,808.38 was for maintenance. Total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year, excluding $15,000 contributed funds, were $171,133.76. Propose'd operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1928, $39,946.24, to maintenance dredging, as follows : Dredging in front of Camden, N. J., between Newton Creek and Cooper Point, under contract to be entered into, 128,000 cubic yards, at 30 cents per cubic yard------------------------------$38, 400. 00 Inspection and overhead-------------------------------------- 1, 546. 24 Total------------------- -------------------------------- 39, 946. 24 The proposed dredging will probably be deferred until next spring, since the existing depths are now adequate over the greater part of the project area. When completed, further maintenance dredging will probably not be required for about two years. The sum of $1,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930 for surveys and incidental expenses, as follows: Surveys (April, 1930) $700 Miscellaneous overhead, 12 months, at $25 per month ------------------- 300 Total-__-- -- - - - - - - - - - 1, 000 RIVERS AND HARBORS PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT 357 Commercial statistics.-Commercial movements on the Delaware River at Camden, N. J. (also included in the report for Delaware River, Philadelphia, Pa., to the sea), were compiled separately, be- ginning with the calendar year 1923, and include commodities re- ceived at and shipped from the Camden territory only. Commerce in 1927 totaled 1,259,892 short tons, valued at $21,015,958, an increase of approximately 29 per cent in volume, and 40 per cent in value, as compared with 1926. The principal gain was in coastwise re- ceipts, which were well over 100 per cent in excess of 1926, due to increased movements of crude petroleum and products. This was Camden's best year. Comparative statement Car-ferry traffic Year Tons Value Tons Value 1923.......--------------------------------------- 484, 988 $5, 586, 688 3, 552,514 $651, 989,010 774,250 9,812,585 3,466,178 478,705,033 1924---------------------------------------................................................. 1925-------------------------------------- 1,070,749 9,381,967 2,241,799 278,339,376 1926 --------------------------------------- 977,154 15,008,655 1,798,973 241,832,824 1927..---- -------------------------------- 1, 259, 892 21,015, 958 1,593,412 202, 789, 742 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928-------------------------- $169, 325. 38 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 _1, 808.38 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928-------------171, 133. 76 Net total expenditures_______- -- ___-- -- --- -- -- 171, 133. 76 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 ----- __- --------- ------ 39, 946. 24 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928--------------211, 080. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost ofnew work- . Cost of maintenance-----------------------------------..................... 71 $621. ------....................----.........------ Total expended_......_._.________..____.. $10,979. 98 $9, 996. 28 $212.30 .$715. 63 621.71 Allotted----..-----......---------------------------------...........................................------------------------40,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927------- -- _ _------- __ $567. 95 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 23, 1928 ----------------------------------------- 40, 000.00 Net amount to be accounted for ____-----------_____- 40, 567. 95 Gross amount expended_--_ - - ------------ 621. 71 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928--------------------- 39, 946. 24 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1930, for maintenance 1, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. 358 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS,. U. S. ARMY, 1928 4. SCHUYLKILL RIVER, PA. Location and description.-The Schuylkill River has its source in Schuylkill County, Pa., flows in a general southeasterly direction, and empties into the Delaware River at Philadelphia, Pa. Its total length is about 130 miles. The distance from Allegheny Avenue, Philadelphia, to the mouth of the Schuylkill River, measured along the Delaware River channel, is about 11 miles, and the distance from the mouth of Schuylkill River to the mouth of Delaware River, at Liston Point, Del., is about 44 miles. The drainage area of the Schuylkill River is about 1,920 square miles, and its discharge varies from about 1,200 to 7,000 second-feet. Tidewater extends to Fair- mount Dam, about 8.6 miles above the mouth. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 295.) Original condition.-The ruling depth of the section under im- provement was about 16 feet at mean low water, except at the mouth, which was obstructed by a bar having a depth of about 10 feet. The head of navigation was approximately at the site of Fairmount Dam, which is the present head of navigation. The river above this point was canalized by private interests and made navigable for canal boats as far as Port Clinton, 98 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The improvement of this section of the river was begun under project adopted July 11, 1870, providing for a channel 100 feet wide and 20 feet deep at mean low water from the mouth to Gibsons Point, thence 18 feet deep to Chestnut Street Bridge. This project was modified in 1875 to provide a channel 24 feet deep and 300 feet wide between the mouth and Girard Point. A further modification of the project in 1883 provided for increasing the width of the 24-foot channel between the mouth and Girard Point to 400 feet and for increasing the width of the 20-foot channel from Girard Point to Gibsons Point to 250 feet, except at Yankee Point, where a width of 300 feet was provided. A modification of the project approved April 26, 1892, provided for the construction of earthen and pile dikes at the mouth of the river. The total cost of all projects, prior to the adoption of the existing project, which was begun in 1918, was $525,000, all for new work. The total expen- ditures under previous projects amounted to $525,000. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 35 feet deep at mean low water and 400 feet wide from Delaware River channel to Girard Point, thence 30 feet deep and 400 feet wide to Twenty-ninth Street, thence 30 feet deep and 300 feet wide to Passyunk Avenue Bridge, thence 26 feet deep and 200 feet wide to Gibsons Point, and thence 22 feet deep and 200 feet wide to Cleveland Avenue (now University Avenue), suitably widened at bends; provided that no depth in excess of 30 feet at mean low water shall be provided or maintained in the lower section of the river, from the mouth to Girard Point, until such greater depth has been secured in the main Delaware River channel from Philadelphia to the sea. The length of the section included in the project is about 6.5 miles, the lower end being at the mouth of the river. The mean range of tide at Penrose Ferry Bridge is 5.1 feet. The mean range of tide at Chest- nut Street is 5.2 feet. Freshets occur several times during each year and in connection with heavy and long-continued winds have been known to raise the water surface as much as 12 feet above mean low RIVERS AND HARBORS PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT 359 tide. The currents produced by tides and freshets occasionally attain a velocity of 6 miles per hour, the normal maximum velocity being about 2 miles per hour. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1916 is $1,649,173, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $45,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917 (H. Doc. No. 1270, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Reco modifications of project.-None. emended Local cooperation.-The existing project imposes the condition that the city of Philadelphia or the State of Pennsylvania shall maintain the improved channel until the city's projected sewage-treatment works shall have been completed and placed in operation. Main- tenance dredging by the city of Philadelphia was commenced Janu- ary 3. 1922, and has since been carried on at intervals as local funds permitted, approximately 1,952,210 cubic yards having been removed to June 30, 1928. Between 1895 and 1899 the city was engaged in improving the channel under authority of War Department permits, and since 1901, when work was discontinued by the United States on account of exhaustion of funds, until the adoption of the existing project, the entire work of deepening and maintaining the channel was done by the city. Between 1895 and June 30, 1917, the city had removed approximately 3,066,000 cubic yards of material, including a small quantity of ledge rock, from the channel, at a cost of about $915,000. The city has completed the construction of a concrete bulkhead 1,186 feet long in front of city property on the west side of the river below Penrose Ferry Bridge, at a cost of approximately $365,000. The city has also adopted a project for bulkheading the entire unimproved frontage on both sides of the river below Fairmount Dam, an aggre- gate length of about 10.5 miles, at an originally estimated cost of $750,000. This work is approximately 20 per cent completed. On account of greatly increased costs since the original estimate was made, the continuation of this work has been deferred for the present, although plans are now under consideration for carrying out the projected bulkheading on both sides of the river between Fairmount Dam and the upper end of the dredged channel, in connection with the beautification of the river banks by the city, and extensive rail- road improvements in progress at West Philadelphia. Terminal facilities.-There are 52 wharves in use between the mouth of the river and Fairmount Dam. Most of these are bulk- heads parallel to the direction of the stream. Five are owned by the city of Philadelphia, but none of these are open to public use, being either reserved for the use of the city or leased to private concerns. The city also owns a number of short lengths of bulkhead at street ends which are occasionally used as landing places. The United States owns one bulkhead not used as a landing place at present. The remaining wharves are privately owned, three of them being open to public use on payment of charges. These are at Girard Point, about three-fourths of a mile above the mouth, and constitute the only terminal of a public character on this improvement. The facilities here include, besides general warehouses, two grain ele- vators, two ore unloaders, and other cargo-handling facilities. This 360 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 terminal is owned by the Pennsylvania Railroad Co. and is connected with 'its tracks. There are also approximately 16 privately owned wharves which are not in use at present. The terminal facilities are adequate for existing and immediately prospective commerce. (For a detailed description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series, No. 4, Corps of Engineers.) Effeet of Improvement.-The work done so far under the existing project has resulted in providing a channel 30 feet deep and 400 feet wide between the mouth of the river and the entrance to the reserve basin at the Philadelphia Navy Yard, greatly facilitating the move- ments of naval vessels. The work above the navy yard has made it easier for large vessels to reach the oil refineries and other industries located at various points on the river. Vessels are no longer com- pelled to anchor in the Delaware River to await the higher tides to enable them to enter and ascend the Schuylkill River. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done during the year by the Government, except an examination of the channel, which was made in May, 1928, at a cost of $1,356.65, for new work. The cost of inspection of work done under War Depart- ment permits was $15.66, for new work. The cost of work done in connection with the establishment of harbor lines, including surveys, was $2,454.25, for new work. Maintenance dredging by the city of Philadelphia, as required by the existing project, was in progress from August, 1927, to June, 1928, between Passyunk Avenue and the mouth, and resulted in the removal of about 417,350 cubic yards of material. The total cost of work done by the United States during the year was $3,826.56, all for new work. Total expenditures during the year were $3,870.54. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was approximately 88 per cent completed. The total quantities of material removed under the project were 9,511.5 cubic yards, place measurement, of ledge rock, and 4,044,868 cubic yards, scow measurement, of other material. The entire length of the improvement is completed except for the removal of a few remaining rock shoals in sections 4 and 5, and the deepening to 35 feet at mean low water between the mouth and Girard Point, involving approximately 485,000 cubic yards of dredging, which, under the law adopting the project, must be deferred until the completion of the 35-foot channel in the Delaware River below Philadelphia. An examination of the channel, completed May 12, 1928, showed controlling depths at mean low water on or near the center line, as follows: Locality Project Existing depth depth Feet Feet _ . . .. . . . . . . __ De law a re R iv e r ch a nn e l to P a s sy u n k A v e n u e --... .__ . ._._. .. __ . . 30-3 5 1 18. 4 Passyunk Avenue to Gibsons Point._._-_ ..--.--.--------------------------- 26 2 12. 0 Gibsons Point to Cleveland Avenue (now University Avenue)--------.-. ..----- 22 3 11.0 I About 1,500 feet above Penrose Ferry Bridge. Depth here 23 feet in west half of channel. 2 Opposite upper end of Gibsons Point Wharf. 5 Just above Gibsons Point. Depth 12.9 feet in west half of channel. RIVERS AND HARBORS PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT 361 The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $1,455,828.73, all for new work. Total expenditures under the existing project were $1,455,762.84. No funds have been expended for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply as much as may be necessary of the unexpended balance, $19,237.16, to the examinations of the dredged channel during the fiscal year. . The project is completed, except for the removal of a few scattered rock shoals in the channel between Passyunk Avenue and the upper limit of the improvement, and deepening of the channel below Girard Point to 35 feet at mean low water. Under the conditions imposed by the existing project the deepening below Girard Point must be postponed until the completion of the 35-foot channel in the Dela- ware River. It is proposed to defer the removal of the rock shoals until the overlying silt has been removed in accordance with the project conditions, which require the channel to be maintained by the city of Philadelphia until the completion of its sewage-disposal plant. There is little prospect that this plant will be in operation by the end of the fiscal year 1930, and it appears unlikely that main- tenance dredging by the city of Philadelphia will have advanced sufficiently to uncover the rock shoals. No additional funds can therefore be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930. Commercial statistics.-The river was open to navigation through- out the year. Commerce in 1927 totaled 8,221,485 short tons, valued at $139,976,276. As compared with 1926, this represents a small increase in volume and a decrease of approximately 12.65 per cent in value. The falling off in value of the commerce during 1927 is attributable to a noticeable decrease in the value of petroleum and products. The principal commodities carried were as follows: Foreign: Crude petroleum and products, wheat and barley. Coastwise: Crude petroleum and products, iron and steel, coal tar and other chemicals. Other domestic: Petroleum products, sand, gravel, and stone, wheat and other grains, coal, and chemicals. The greater part of the foreign and coastwise commerce was car- ried in vessels drawing from 16 to 32 feet, and the bulk of the local and other domestic commerce was handled in barges, etc., drawing from 6 to 23 feet. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1923-.. .. _ .. . 8, 236, 701 $174, 862, 213 1926_______________ _ 8, 219, 040 $160,251,234 1924 -_______________8, 192, 528 156, 893, 553 1927 _----------------18, 221,485 1139, 976, 276 1925--_______- - ._ 8, 366,185 159, 450, 102 1Includes 1,301,665 tons foreign commerce valued at $34,271,296 and 850,387 tons domestic intraport receipts and shipments valued at $18,604,374, also reported under head of" Delaware River, Philadelphia, Pa.. to the sea." 362 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 ------------------------$1, 980, 828. 73 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 -------------------------- 0. 00 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928111111111111 65. 89 Net total expenditures----------------------------------- 1, 980, 762. 84 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928----------------------------- 19, 237. 16 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------------- 2.000, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work ......... ...------------------------------------------------------................---- $3,826. 56 Cost of maintenance - Total expended..------------------------- $1, 213. 20 $589. 26 $573. 73 $1,646.36 3,870. 54 Allotted - - - - - - - - --- ---- - - -- Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 $23, 107. 70 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928 -------------------------------- 8000. 8, 00 Amount to be accounted for--------------------------------------31, 107. 70 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment----------------- 8, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for----------------------------------23, 107. 70 Gross amount expended--------------------------- $3,876. 74 Less receipts from sales ------------------------------ - 6. 20 3, 870. 54 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928------------------------------- 19, 237. 16 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928--------------------------- 65. 89 Balance available June 30, 1928 171. 27 1----------------------------- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 193, 300. 00 5. ICE HARBOR AT MARCUS HOOK, PA. Location and description.-This harbor is situate in the Delaware River at the town of Marcus Hook, Pa. It is about 20 miles down- stream from Philadelphia, Pa., about 35 miles from the head of Delaware Bay, into which the Delaware River empties, and about 81 miles from the Atlantic Ocean at Cape Henlopen, Del. The harbor is about 1,500 feet long by 290 feet wide and embraces an area of about 10 acres. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 295.) Original condition.-In its original condition the Delaware River at this locality afforded no shelter whatever to vessels from the dan- gers occasioned by floating ice. Previous projects.-The acts of March 2, 1829, and June 23, 1866, provided for repairs to the old piers, wharves, and landings. The total cost of previous projects was $10,000, all for new work. Total expenditures for previous projects were $10,000. Eisting project.-The existing project was adopted March 2, 1867, and was based upon a plan for the construction of four detached ice 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS PHILADELPHIA, PA.., DISTRICT 363 piers to provide an anchorage ground and to protect shipping against moving ice. In 1880 the project was enlarged to include the con- struction of two additional ice piers, and again modified in 1881 to include another ice pier. The project was modified further in 1888 to provide for dredging within the harbor limits to depths of 24, 18, and 12 feet at mean low water and for repairing the wharves and ice piers. The acts of Congress appropriating funds for Marcus Hook Ice Harbor do not indicate clearly that any definite plan of improve- ment is to be followed. The general plan or project for improvement appears to have developed with the demands of commerce for safe anchorage grounds at this locality. The mean tidal range is about 5.5 feet. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of mainte- nance is $1,200. (For latest published map of locality, see Annual Report for 1902, opposite p. 1046.) Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-In 1785 the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania built two wharves upon crib piers extending from the shore line into the river. These piers were ceded to the United States, in 1789, together with other aids to navigation located in the Delaware River. Terminal facilities.-There are two Government piers in the har- bor, one of which is open to the public under regulations prescribed April 29, 1904, and is used as a place of landing by a line of steamers plying between Philadelphia, Pa., and Wilmington, Del., and occa- sionally by other vessels. There are no railroad connections with the piers. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement provided an ice harbor, about 10 acres in area, of'great benefit to sailing vessels and other small craft in the earlier days of Delaware River navigation. Under present conditions, however, the piers serve little useful purpose, as they lie inshore from the pierhead line at the locality, to which the adjacent wharves project. The protected area has so shoaled that only launches and other vessels of shallow draft can use it. Operations and results during fiseal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1889 at a cost of $198,963.64, all for new work. Since 1889 the ice piers and wharves have been repaired at various times at a cost of $14,336.36, all for maintenance, making a total cost of $213,300 under the present project. Total expenditures to the end of the fiscal year were $213,300. The entire harbor is less than 12 feet in depth at mean low water, and is little used, except by small craft. Proposed operatione.-Since the need for further maintenance work is not now foreseen, no additional funds can be profitably ex- pended during the fiscal year 1930. Future reports on this improve- ment will be discontinued. Commercial startistics.--This section of the river is open to naviga- tion throughout the year. The waterborne commerce at Marcus Hook totaled 4,027 short tons, valued at $1,766,7i5, and is included in the report for Delaware River, Philadelphia, Pa., to the sea. This repre- sents a decrease of approximately 33 per cent in volume and 12 per cenrt in value, as compared with 1926. The reduction in commerce. at the ice harbor is regarded as of no particular significance. The ice harbor was constructed as a harbor of refuge and not for the 364 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 interchange of commerce. Favorable weather conditions during the winter months made it unnecessary for any vessel to seek the shelter of the ice piers. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value ..............--......------------... -- 1923---- 9, 699 $2, 393, 956 1926----------------------6, 047 $2, 013, 105 1924---------- -.....................----------. 8, 411 2, 861, 930 1927..------.----------- 4,027 1, 766, 715 1925 ...................--------------------- 9, 453 4, 072, 955 Coslt and finanoksl summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 -------------------------- $208, 963. 64 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------- 14, 336. 36 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928-----------223, 300. 00 Net total expenditures-__----------------------- 223, 300.00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928_ 223, 300. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work --------------------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance.-- ----------------- ------------------------------- -------- --------- Total expended _.._ __-.... .. $1, 000. 00------------$1,700.00---- Allotted........----------..-------------------- 700.00 $1,000.00 -------..........---- 5,000.00 -$5,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927-------------------- -------- $5, 000 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment ---------------------- 5, 000 6. CONSTRUCTING PIER IN DELAWARE BAY, NEAR LEWES, DEL. This project was practically completed at the close of the fiscal year 1882. The outer end of the pier for a length of about 350 feet was damaged by fire of unknown origin on May 12, 1923, which de- stroyed all decking, cap logs, fender piling, and other woodwork in the superstructure, and warped or twisted out of shape the iron tie-rods and railroad tracks. Available funds amounting to $5,898.58 were transferred to Delaware River, Philadelphia to the sea, under the provisions of section 6 of the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922. It is expected that no estimates for further appropriations, either for additional work or for maintenance, will be submitted. No further reports will be submitted. For a full description of the project see Annual Report for 1922, page 441. Conmmercial statistics.--The pier was not used for commercial pur- poses during the fiscal year 1928. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 -__-- ________________-_ $353, 546.41 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928_ .......... ___ ____-_ 38, 561.71 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 392, 108. 12 Net total expenditures _______. -------------------- - 392, 108. 12 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1.928.------------------ 392, 108. 12 RIVERS AND HARBORS PHILADELPHIA, PA., .DISTRICT 365 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 /----I I-- Cost of new work--..--------.------- ---------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance----------... ------------------------------- --- -------------- ---------- Total expended.......--------..................--....---------------------------------------------- Allotted---------------- ------------- -------------- ------------------------------ 7. HARBOR OF REFUGE, DELAWARE BAY, DEL. Location and desciption.-This harbor is at the lower end of Dela- ware Bay, a few miles from the Atlantic Ocean, on the Delaware side of the bay. It is about 120 miles from New York Harbor, about 114 miles from the entrance to Chesapeake Bay, and about 101 miles from Philadelphia, Pa. The harbor is formed by a stone breakwater having a tbp length of 7,950 feet, with 15 detached ice piers at the northerly end of the breakwater to break up ice floating down the bay. The breakwater and ice piers have an elevation of 14 feet above mean low water. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1218.) Origina condition.--The locality was of little service as a harbor of refuge, because the only shelter to vessels anchoring there was given by the mainland of Cape Henlopen, Del. The holding ground was good and the depth was suitable for anchorage of all classes of vessels, but it was exposed to easterly and northwesterly storms. Its value to commerce is due to its location near the coast line and its practical equidistance from New York, Philadelphia, and Chesa- peake Bay, thereby affording a haven of refuge or a port of call for practically the entire North Atlantic coast shipping. Previous projects.-None. Emisting project.--This provides for the construction of a break- water about 8,000 feet long, beginning at a point about 6,000 feet from Cape Henlopen, extending in a northerly direction for a dis- tance of 2,695 feet, thence in a northwesterly direction for 5,330 feet, and the construction of 5 ice piers located in prolongation of this line, and 10 more located in a line perpendicular to the line of the breakwater. The mean tidal variation at this locality is about 4.3 feet. The irregular fluctuation from the mean tidal variation at this locality is about 1 foot, due to wind and equinoctial tides. The esti- mate of cost for new work, made in 1896, was $4,665,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896 (H. Doc. No. 112, 52d Cong., 1st sess.). A subproject for the construction of 10 ice piers was approved by the Secretary of War April 23, 1900, and a subproject for 5 additional ice piers was approved June 30, 1902. The latest published map of this locality is printed in House Document No. 1293, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of May 1928, the Chief of Engineers recommended modification of the exist- ,11 ing project so as to provide for a channel 18 feet deep and 300 feet wide to Queen Anne Wharf at Lewes, Del., and for a turning basin 3(6 REPORT .OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 600 feet square at an estimated cost of $287,000, with $10,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. (See H. Com. Doc. No. 15, 70th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effedt of improvement.- The effect of the construction of the breakwater and ice piers has been to provide a safe anchorage ground for a number of vessels annually, both as a port of call and a refuge from easterly storms. The anchorage ground is exposed to north- westerly storms and drifting ice. The harbor is not used for the exchange of commerce. Operations andl results during #fisca year.-The work of repair- ing the ice piers was completed under contract August 29, 1927. Approximately 2,225 tons of riprap, including about 185 tons of old stone, and 1,738 tons of squared stone, including 1,578 tons of old stone,were placed in seven of the ice piers during the year, at a total cost of $20,189.25, all for maintenance. The work done resulted in restoring all of the ice .piers to serviceable condition. The total amount expended during the year was $36,774.88. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1903, at a saving of $2,426,795 under the estimated cost. According to the latest (1926) survey of the harbor of refuge the limit of draft for loaded vessels in the protected area east of the outer breakwater varies from 20 to 40 feet at mean low water. The con- trolling depth in the channel leading to the wharves in front of Lewes, Del., is about 10 feet at mean low water. The breakwater itself is in good condition, except that considerable settlement of the crown has occurred at the southern end. Repairs to the ice piers have been completed, and these are now in good condition. The cost of new work under the existing project was $2,238,205.34 and the cost of maintenance was $120,455.55, making a total cost of $2,358,660.89 to the end of the fiscal year. The total expenditures under the existing project were $2,358,660.89. Proposed operations.-Extensive repairs to the ice piers were com- pleted in 1927, and no further maintenance work is required at present. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930. Commercial statistics.-There is no exchange of commerce in the harbor of refuge. During the calendar year 1927,.3 vessels used the harbor for orders, 506 vessels for harbor, and 2 vessels in distress. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928------------------ -------- $2, 238, 205. 34 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928----- ------- ----- .- 120, 455. 55 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928-----------. 2,358, 660. 89 Net total expenditures------------------------------- 2, 358, 660. 89 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928_..-----....... - .-- 2, 358, 660. 89 RIVERS AND HARBORS PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT 367 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 199 Cost of new work-.. Cost of maintenance------------------- -- -------------------------------- $20, 189.,25 Total expended...----.....------..........---------------...------- $518. 03 $20, 771. 35 $46, 391 29 36, 774.88 Allotted..............................---------------------------.$40, 000. 00------------ 67, 000. 00-------------2, 544.45 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 ------ - -_____--_ $39, 319.33 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment__-- - ____- 2, 544. 45 Gross amount expended-------------------------------------- 36, 774. 88 STATEMENT OF APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPENDITURES ON WORKS OF RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENT TO JUNE 30,. 1928, IN THE PHILADELPHIA (PA.) DISTRICT Appropriations (or allotments): Sea-coast harbors---.--------- $55, 727, 448. 61 Expenditures (exclusive of receipts from sales, etc.) New work -------------------------------------- 33, 901, 203. 01 Maintenance---------------------------------- --------- 17, 053, 078. 43 EXAMINATION AND SURVEY MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED MARCH 3, 1925 Reports dated March 31, 1926, and January 19, 1927, with map, on preliminary examination and survey of D:elaware River, N. J., in the vicinity of Camden, were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Har- bors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 111, Seventieth Congress, first session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for extending the 30-foot channel from Kaighns Point Ferry to the vicinity of Berkley Street between the 35-foot channel and a line 50 feet distant from the pierhead line, at a total estimated cost of $311,000, with $10,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making pre- liminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor act of January 21, 1927, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Delaware River, Pa., N. J., and Del., with a view to deepening the channel between Allegheny Avenue, Philadelphia, and the sea to a depth of 40 feet, with suitable widths. 2. Schuylkill River, Pa., with a view to devising methods whereby the source of pollution caused by the settling of coal dust or culm may be removed. REPORT MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RESOLUTION OF THE COMMITTEE ON RIVERS AND HARBORS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By resolution dated February 8, 1926, a review of reports on Delaware Breakwater and Harbor of Refuge, Delaware Bay, Del., 1471-ENG 1928----24 368 REPOR't OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 printed in House Document No. 1293, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session, was requested. Report thereon with map was transmitted to the committee and printed in River and Harbor Committee Docu- ment No. 15, Seventieth Congress, first session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a channel 18 feet deep and 300 feet wide to Queen Anne Wharf at Lewes, Del., and for a turning basin 600 feet square, at an estimated cost of $287,000, with $10,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. Other. reports as indicated below, called for by resolutions of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors of the House of Representatives, will be submitted as soon as practicable: 1. Review of reports on Delaware River, Philadelphiato the sea, printed in House Document No. 733, Sixty-first Congress, second session. 2. Review of reports on Delaware River, Philadelphiato Trenton, printed in House Document No. 228, Sixty-eighth Congress, first session. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT This district includes the tributaries of Delaware River and Bay and the streams, bays, and inlets along the Atlantic coast from Bayhead, N. J., at the head of Barnegat Bay, on the north, to Cape Charles, Va., on the south. District engineer: Col. Earl I. Brown, Corps of Engineers, to August 10, 1927, and Lieut. Col. R. P. Howell, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineer: Col. W. J. Barden, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Cooper River, N. J--___-- 369 19. Appoquinimink River, Del__ 414 2. Woodbury Creek, N J _._ 371 20. Smyrna River, Del ........ 416 3. Mantua Creek, N. J-- ... 373 21. Leipsic River, Del_____ __ 418 4. Raccoon Creek, N. J __.. 376 22. Little River, Del.._______ 420 5. Oldmans Creek, N. J__... 378 23. St. Jones River, Del_____ 422 6. Salem River, N. J ........ 380 24. Murderkill River, Del ..... 425 7. Alloway Creek, N. J _-__.... 384 25. Mispillion River, Del .___ 427 8. Cohansey River, N. J 386 26. Broadkill River, Del-.. 429 9. Maurice River, N. J______ 389 27. Inland waterway between 10. Cold Spring Inlet, N. J .... 391 Rehoboth Bay and Dela- 11. Absecon Inlet, N. J,_-__ 393 ware Bay, Del- 431 12. Absecon Creek, N. J .___.. 396 28. Inland waterway from Chin- 13. Tuckerton Creek, N. J-.... 398 coteague Bay, Va., to Del- 14. Toms River, N. J .......... 400 aware Bay, Del______ __ 433 15. Chester River, Pa________ 402 29: Waterway on the coast of 16. Wilmington Harbor, Del ... 404 Virginia--------------- 435 17. Inland waterway from Dela- ware River to Chesapeake Bay, Del. and Md______ 408 18. Operating and care of in- land waterway from Dela- ware River to Chesapeake Bay, Del. and Md-....... 413 RIVERS AND HARBORS WILM'INGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 369 1. COOPER RIVER, N. J. Location and description.-This river rises in the eastern part of Camden County, N. J., flows northwesterly about 13 miles, passing through the northern part of the city of Camden, and empties into the Delaware River above Cooper Point. The drainage area is 44 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge, which is, however, unimportant. The length of the tidal reach is about 91/2 miles. At the mouth and at Stoys Landing the high-water widths are 220 feet and 100 feet, respectively, the low-water widths at the same points. are 160 and 60 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 295.) Original ondition.-The channel was irregular and tortuous, with depths varying from 6 to 9 feet at mean low water, except near the upper limit, where the minimum usable low-water depth was 2 feet. The river was navigable for small steamers and other craft from the mouth to Kaighns Avenue, Camden, a distance of 3.2 miles, and for small boats, logging, and rafting to Stoys Landing, the head of navi. gation, an additional distance of 5.3 miles, making the total navi- gable length 81/2 miles. Previous projects.-None. Emting project.--This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 70 feet wide through the bar outside of the mouth and upstream to what was formerly Browning Chemical Works, about 1.7 miles. The mean range of tide is 6 feet at the mouth and 2 feet at Stoys Landing; and the extreme range is about 10 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1895, was $35,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $7,500. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896 (H. Doc. No. 176, 53d Cong., 3d sess., and Annual Report for 1895, p. 1102, et seq.). The latest published map is in House Docu- ment No. 134, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recoemended modifcation of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 16 wharves, which practically form a continuous wharfage on both sides of the stream through the city of Camden. All are of pile and' timber construction except two. which are built of concrete. All of these wharves are privately owned, .four are open to the public for a nominal charge, and one is free of charge. Most of the wharves have direct connection with the Pennsylvania Railroad. There is no public water terminal regulated by the city of Camden that is in condition to use. The facilities are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of ter- minal facilities, see H. Doc. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 4, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improve&nent.-Freight rates for water-borne commerce have been reduced because the enlargement of the channel has re- sulted in a reduction of lighterage, permitting larger vessels than formerly to go up the river to load and discharge cargo directly at the wharves. The effect on railroad rates is not known. 370 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, T. S. ARMY, 1928 Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No operations were in progress. Combined proposals for dredging Cooper River, Man- tua Creek, and Cohansey River were opened May 23, 1928. Contract dated June 21, 1928, was entered into with the Delaware Dredging Co. for maintenance dredging in Cooper River at the unit price :of 64 cents per cubic yard. At the close of the year the contract had not been approved and work had not been commenced. The cost of making examination of channel preliminary to preparing specifica- tions and of office expenses was $432.42, for maintenance, the total expenditures being the same. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was coinm- pleted in 1920, at a saving of $1,898 under the estimated cost. The controlling depth at mean low water on June 30, 1928, was 10 feet from the Delaware River to the upper end of the project. The costs of the existing project to date are $33,101.64 for new work and $64,928.02 for maintenance, a total of $98,029.66, the total expendi- tures being the same. Proposed operations.-It .isproposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1928, to maintenance dredging, under contract, at: follows : Dredging approximately 22,200 cubic yards, at 64 cents_- .. .$14. 208. 00 Engineering and contingencies__.--- -- 262. 34 Total - --------------- --------- 14. 470. 34 The funds will be expended at the rate of approximately $3,500 per month and will probably be exhausted by October 31, 1928. Since the work to be done in the fiscal year 1929 will restore the channel to a satisfactory condition, no additional funds can be profit- ably expended during the fiscal year 1930. Commercial statistics. The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 6 to 12 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of coal, sand, gravel, logwood, oils, and chemicals. The commodities were carried by motor vessels, barges, and lighters. The increase in tonnage was due principally to increased receipts of sand and gravel and the decrease in valuation to the decreased receipts and shipments of hides. Conmparative statenent Calendar year. Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1923-------------------- 258, 429 $2, 430 1926-- 446, 347, 785 --..................... $3, 974, 900 1924------ .------. ... 276,857 2,228,160 1927..................-------------------- 422,907 2, 612, 085 1925----------------------- 321,130 2,616,491 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928_________________________ $33, 101. 64 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 6-------------------------4, 928. 02 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------- 98,029.66 Net total expenditures_----- ----------------------- 98, 029. 66 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 14,470. 34 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 112, 500.00 RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 371 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work ..-...................... Cost of maintenance ---......-- . ......- ....-.....---- - ---..... 1------- $432. 42 Total expended.------------------- $9. 67 $163. 65 $15, 506. 57 $97. 24 432.42 Allotted_-------_ _ _--------------------- 10,000.00 ------------ 5,000.00 10,000.00 5,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927--- $9, 902. 76 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927 ------------------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for----...--------- 14, 902. 76 Gross amount expended---------------------------- $432.92 Less receipts from sales -------------------------------. 50 432. 42 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 470. 34 1---------------------------4 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts---------------- ----- 14, 470. 34 2. WOODBURY CREEK, N. J. Location and description.- This creek rises on the boundary line between Camden and Gloucester Counties and flows 6 miles in a general northwesterly direction, emptying into the Delaware River about 9 miles below Philadelphia, Pa. The drainage area is 12 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of the stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 6 miles. At the mouth and at Woodbury the high-water widths are 250 feet and 80 feet. respectively; the low-water widths at the same points are 150 feet and 40 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 295.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow and tortuous, and obstructed by a mud bar at the mouth over which the controlling depth was 3 feet at mean low water. A low-water depth of 4 feet was available from the mouth to Red Bridge, thence decreasing to a minimum usuable depth of about 9 inches at the fixed bridge at Woodbury, the head of navigation, 4 miles above the mouth. Previous. projects.-The river and harbor act of August 2, 1882, appropriated $5,000 for Woodbury Creek, N. J. Of this amount, $450.31 was expended in making a survey. The balance, $4,549.69, was returned to the Treasury. Also $2,500 of the appropriation in the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, for Cooper Creek, N. J., was authorized to be used and was expended as maintenance in rebuilding the dike on Government reservation in the Delaware River at Woodbury Creek. The total cost and expenditures under previous projects prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1913) were $2,950.31 for new work. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water from the 6-foot contour of Delaware River to Woodbury, 60 feet wide across the bar outside the mouth and up the river to the White Bridge, 11/2 miles; thence 40 feet wide to Woodbury, a farther distance of 21/2 miles, including three cut-offs, which shortened the distance 3,340 feet. The length of the section included in the project is about 4 miles. The mean range of tide at the mouth is 5.7 feet 372 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 and at Woodbury 4.3 feet. The extreme tidal range is about 10 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1912, was $38,000, exclu- sive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $4,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 635, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in that document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The land for the three cut-offs and for the de- posit of the dredged material required by law to be furnished .by local interests free of cost to the United States was donated by local interests, and title to the land was approved by the Department of Justice, January 8, 1914. Terminal facilities.-There are five timber wharves or landings on this stream, all being private property except a municipal wharf at the foot of one of the streets. There is no direct communication with railroads or connecting transportation lines. The wharves are available to the general public free of charge. The facilities are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description 'of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Navigation has been facilitated, and larger vessels can be used at all stages of the tide. The effect on freight rates is not known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-Under combined contract with the Delaware Dredging Co. dated July 27, 1927, for dredging Woodbury and Mantua Creeks, maintenance dredging in Woodbury Creek, at 25.8 cents per cubic yard, was commenced November 14, 1927, and completed February 13, 1928, 44,067 cubic yards being removed, restoring the channel to full project dimensions for its entire length. The cost was $13,230.85 for maintenance, the total expenditures being the same. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1916, at a saving of $13,857 under the estimated cost. The controlling depth at mean low water on June 30, 1928, from the Delaware River to Woodbury was about 5.1 feet. The costs of the existing project to date are $24,142.70 for new work and $35,857.30 for maintenance, a total of $60,000, the total expenditures being the same. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The channel is considered to be in a satisfactory condition to meet the needs of existing commerce, and accordingly, no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 5 to 8 feet. The items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of coal and oysters. The commodities were carried by motor vessels and barges. The decrease in tonnage and valuation was due princi- pally to the absence of receipts of bricks and grain. Comparatie statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value --------- 1923- .....................- 41, 298 $20, 480 1926---- ----- - - 6,644 $78, 335 1924..................... 12,892 112,624 1927-- -- . -.-........ 3,224 34,100 1925...................... 3, 495 22, 850 RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 373 Cost and financial sunmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928______------- --------------- $27, 093.01 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 __-__--------------35, 857. 30 -------------- Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928__ 62, 950. 31 Net total expenditures ----------------------------------------- 62, 950. 31 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928- ----------- _ 62, 950. 31 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work-- .. Cost of maintenance__--------6-----------------------------$13, - - - 1-- 230.85 Total expended....-- ........... $54.08 ....-----------------------... $502.32 13,230.85 Allotted ------------------------------------- $10, 000.00 3,500.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927______--------------- $9, 730. 85 Amount transferred from St. Jones River, Del-------------------- 3, 500. 00 Gross amount expended------------------- 13, 230. 85 3. MANTUA CREEK, N. J. Location and description.-This creek rises in Gloucester County, N. J., flows northwesterly 161/2 miles, and empties into the Delaware River about 10 miles below Philadelphia, Pa. The drainage area is about 51 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 934 miles. At the mouth and at Mantua the high-water widths are 225 feet and 90 feet, respectively; the low-water widths at the same points are 160 feet and 25 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 295.) Original oondition.-The channel was obstructed by bars and sharp bends, and, in the upper portions, by stumps and overhanging trees. The minimum usable depth of the channel at the mouth was 8 feet at mean low water; at Paulsboro, 5 feet; and at Mantua, 2 feet. The stream was navigable for steamboats from the mouth to Parkers Landing, 7 1/2 miles, and for small vessels and barges able to pass under the fixed bridges to Mantua, the head of navi- gation, 1134 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882, and was modified in 1889. The cost and expenditures under previous projects prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1900) were $3,000 for new work. For scope of previous projects see page 1784, Annual Report of Chief of Engineers, 1915. Exising project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide from the 12-foot contour of Delaware River, through the marsh to the phosphate works; thence 8 feet deep and 80 feet wide via cut-offs to Paulsboro; thence 7 feet deep and 60 feet wide via cut-offs to Parkers Landing, near Mount Royal; and the dredging of a cut-off 3 feet deep and 50 feet wide 9,000 feet above Berkley (Mount Royal), the removal of overhanging 374 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 trees above Mount Royal; the construction of stone-filled pile and timber jetties on both sides of the mouth; and a dike across the old mouth 524 feet long. The length of the north jetty is 1,578 feet. The south jetty is 1,454 feet long. The section of the creek included in the project extends from the Delaware River upstream 73/4 miles to 1 mile below the town of Mantua. The mean range of tide at the mouth is 6 feet; at Paulsboro, 51/2 feet; at Mount Royal, 4 feet; and at Mantua, 21/2 feet. The extreme tidal range is about 10 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1897, was $145,030, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, provided for all features of the project except the dike across the old mouth (H. Doc. No. 123, 55th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1898, p. 1122). The dike was provided for by the act of March 2, 1907. The latest published map of the whole creek is with the project document. A later map of the portion from just below Mount Royal to Mantua is in House Document No. 523, Sixty-first Congress, second session. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Under the provisions of the project, not to exceed $11,000 could be expended in securing rights of way for cut- offs. That sum having been expended in securing previous rights of way, local interests contributed free of cost to the United States an easement for the cut-off 9,000 feet above Mount Royal, title being approved by the Chief of Engineers June 13, 1927. The cut-off between Paulsboro and Parkers Landing, which was provided for as part of the project of improvement, was made by the enlargement of a ditch which formed a natural connection, the work having been done with the consent of the owner of abutting property. Terminal facilities.-There are 10 wharves of pile and timber con- struction on this stream. All of these wharves are privately owned, but 6 are open to the general public upon payment of nominal wharfage, and 2 without charge. Several of the wharves at Pauls- boro, N. J., have connections with the Pennsylvania Railroad. The facilities are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The shipments of fruit and other perish- able merchandise have been greatly facilitated by the improvement. Several large manufacturing plants with adequate wharfage facili- ties are located on the land between Paulsboro and the Delaware River and use the river extensively for commerce. The direct effect on freight rates is not known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-Under combined contract dated July 27, 1927, for dredging Woodbury and Mantua Creeks, new work dredging in Mantua Creek, at $1.10 per cubic yard, was commenced September 26, 1927, and completed November 17, 1927, the cut-off about 9,000 feet above Mount Royal being dredged, completing the existing project by removal of 4,404 cubic yards of mud, sand and gravel. Combined proposals for dredging Cooper RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 375 River, Mantua Creek and Cohansey River were opened May 23, 1928. Contract dated June 21, 1928, was entered into for maintenance dredging in Mantua Creek, at the unit price of 68 cents per cubic yard. At the close of the year the contract had not been approved and work had not been commenced. The cost was $5,423.48 for new work and $548.04 for maintenance, a total of $5,971.52, the total expenditures being the same. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1927, at a saving of $35,000 under the estimated cost. The controlling depths at mean low water were, as follows: From the Delaware River to the phosphate works, 10 feet (November 26, 1927); thence to Paulsboro, 6 feet (July, 1926); and from Mount Royal to Mantua, 11/2 feet (May 8, 1928). No recent examination has been made of the section between Paulsboro and Mount Royal. The costs of the existing project to date are $109,958.52 for new work and $49,366.53 for maintenance, a total of $159,325.05, the total expenditures being the same. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1928, to maintenance dredging, under contract, as follows : Dredging, approximately 5,300 cubic yards, at 68 cents ------------ $3, 604. 00 Engineering and contingencies ----------------------- ---------- 320. 95 3, 924.95 The funds will be expended at the rate of approximately $1,000 per month, and will probably be exhausted by October 31, 1928. Since the work to be done in the fiscal year 1929 will restore the channel to a satisfactory condition, no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 5 to 12 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of fertilizer, fertilizer ingredients, coal, lumber, gasoline, and chemicals. The commodities were carried by lighters, car floats, barges, and motor vessels. The decrease in tonnage was chiefly due to the decreased receipts and shipments of chemicals and the increase in value to the increased receipts of a high-priced commodity. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1923--...--..........-------------------81, 812 $1,591,554 1926 ...............-------------------- 110, 582 $1,766, 457 1924---------------------69, 378 1, 242, 113 1927 ............--------------------- 72, 850 1, 874, 261 1925-------------------- 109,948 1,705,073 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928------------ .-------------- $112, 958. 52 Cost of maintenance to June, 30, 1928--------------------------49, 366. 53 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------- 162 325. 05 Net total expenditures----------------- --------------- 162, 325. 05 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 ----------------------- 3, 924.95 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 166, 250. 00 376 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work---........----------...............--.................. ------------------------- $5, 423.48 Cost of maintenance----....--------------------------------------------548. 04 Total cost--..---.............. - ----------------------------------- 5,971. 52 Total expended--...-------------------- $4, 516.67 ------------ $586. 86 5, 971.52 Allotted-------.......................----------------------................. ...........---------- $15, 000.00-5,000.00 ,Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 ....------------------------------- $14, 896. 47 Deduction on account of transfer of allotment to Tuckerton Creek, N. J----------------- 5, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for----------------------------------9, 896. 47 Gross amount expended------------------------------------------ 5, 971.52 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928-------------------------------- 3, 924. 95 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts------------------------ 3, 924. 95 4. RACCOON CREEK, N. J. Location and description.-This creek rises in Gloucester County, N. J., flow's northwesterly 16 miles, and empties into the Delaware River about 20 miles below Philadelphia, Pa. The drainage area is 44 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 11 miles. The high-water widths at the mouth and at Swedesboro, N. J., are 1,200 feet and 140 feet, respectively; the low-water widths at the same points are 250 and 60 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Sur- vey Chart No. 295.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow and tortuous and obstructed throughout its length by many shoals of hard material, over which were depths varying from 3 to 7 feet at mean low water. The minimum usable low-water depth was 3 feet. Vessels could operate only at high water. The head of navigation was at Swedes- boro, N. J., where the stream is crossed by a fixed highway bridge. The length of the navigable portion was 934 miles. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882. The cost and expenditures upon previous projects prior to the adoption of the existing project (ex- penditures on which began in 1903) were $757.23 for new work. For scope of previous projects see page 1784, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 7 feet deep through- out at mean low water 75 feet wide from the 7-foot contour in Delaware River to Bridgeport, a distance of 13/4 miles; thence 60 feet wide to Springers Wharf, a farther distance of 31/4 miles, and thence 40 feet wide to Swedesboro, a farther distance of 43/4 miles, with a stone-filled pile and timber jetty at the mouth 950 feet long, and a cut-off at Molonox Shoal, which shortened the distance three- fourths mile. The mean range of tide is 6 feet at the mouth and 5 feet at Swedesboro. The extreme range of tide is 10 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1913, was $106,535, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 377 The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for all features of the existing project except the 7-foot depth above Springers Wharf, the dike or jetty at the mouth, and the cut-off at Molonox Shoal. (H. Doc. No. 231, 56th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1900, p. 1590.) The act of March 2, 1907, provided for the cut-off at Molo- nox Shoal, and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the 7-foot depth above Springers Wharf, and the jetty at the mouth (H. Doc. No. 800, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map of the mouth and the upper section of the creek is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The lands necessary for the cut-off at Molonox Shoal were required by the act of March 2, 1907, to be deeded to the United States free of cost. This was accomplished March 19, 1908. Terminal facilities.-There are 11 wharves of pile and timber con- struction, all privately owned. Ten of them are open to general public use for a nominal charge, and one without charge. Most of' the wharves have indirect connection with the Pennsylvania Rail- road. The facilities are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The carrying of perishable freight by water has been facilitated and long hauls by rail to the city markets eliminated. Freight rates for water-borne commerce are lower than by railroad, but the effect on the latter is not known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No operations were in progress. The cost of making examinations of channel and of office expenses was $493.93, for maintenance, the total expenditures being the same. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1922, at a saving of $23,627 under the estimated cost. The con- trolling depth at mean low water on June 30, 1928, was 8 feet from Delaware River to the mouth, thence 5 feet to Springers Wharf, and thence 3 feet to Swedesboro. The costs of the existing project to date are $82,907.73 for new work and $56,605.04 for maintenance, a total of $139,512.77, the total expenditures being the same. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The channel is considered to be in a satisfactory condition to meet the needs of ex- isting commerce, and, accordingly, no additional funds can be profit- ably expended during the fiscal year 1930. Commercial statistics.- The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 5 to 8 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of cinders, coal, fertilizer, and tomatoes,.and were carried by motor vessels. There was a slight decrease in tonnage and valu- ation owing to the decreased shipments of farm produce. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1923...............-...... 21, 938 $284, 626 1926-...................... 7,915 $141, 719 1924 - -................ .- 16,220 241, 004 1927.................... 6, 589 128, 554 - 1925 ................ .- 10, 533 126, 493 378 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 --- _____------_ $83, 664.96 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928______________________ 56,605.04 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928----------- 140, 270.00 - Net total expenditures_______- _______-____ 140, 270.00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928_______----------- 140,270.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 . 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work- - .- -..- Cost of maintenance- -.-- - $493.93 Total expended... _.__ ________. $56.81------ - $79.00 $6.07 493.93 Allotted .. .... .. . .... .... -... 000.00 i -8, 500.00 9..... 9, Balance unexpended July 1, 1927._- __ _______---_____-__ $8, 993.93 Deduction on account of transfer to Tuckerton Creek, N. J-------- 8, 500. 00 Gross amount expended---------------------------------493.93 5. OLDMANS CREEK, N. J. Location and description.-This creek rises in the boundary line between Gloucester and Salem Counties, N. J., flows in a northwest- erly direction 20 miles and empties into the Delaware River about 24 miles below Philadelphia, Pa. The drainage area is 83 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of the stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 171/2 miles. The low-water widths of the stream are 230 feet at the mouth, 100 feet at Pedricktown, and 30 feet at Auburn. The high-water widths are indeterminate, owing to the low, flat marshlands which border the stream. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 295.) Original condition.-The channel was irregular and tortuous and obstructed by numerous shoals throughout its length, and by over- hanging trees and submerged logs in the upper portion. In the sec- tion below Pedricktown the channel depths varied from 5 to 10 feet and in the upper portion from 2 to 5 feet at mean low water. The minimum usable low-water depth was 1.4 feet. The channel depths did not meet the demands of commerce, as navigation of large ves- sels was possible only at high water. The head of navigation at the fixed bridge at Auburn, 15 miles above the mouth. -was Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water from the 6-foot contour of the Delaware River to Pedrick- town, a distance of 6 miles, thence 5 feet deep at mean low water to Auburn, a farther distance of 9 miles; 100 feet wide across the bar outside of the mouth, 75 feet wide thence to Pedricktown, and thence 40 feet wide to Auburn, including nine cut-offs, which shortened the distance 4 miles, and a jetty at the mouth. The length of the section included in the project is about 11 miles. The mean range of tide is 6 feet at the mouth, 2.4 feet at Pedricktown, and 0.9 feet at Au- burn. The extreme range of tide is from 2 feet below mean low water to about 2 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $120,000. The latest (1908) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,500. RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTOiN' :fiEL, DISTRIOC 379 The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 1083, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended m,odifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-As required by law, the necessary land for the nine cut-offs was furnished by local interests free of cost to the United States, and the United States was released from all claims for damages arising from the diversion of the stream, title to the land and the releases having been approved by the Department of Justice April 17, 1913. Terminal facilities.-There are 11 wharves or landings on the creek of pile and timber construction. They are privately owned but 7 are open to the general public. No wharves have railroad connection. The facilities are adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of impriovement. The improvement has been of great bene- fit to navigation and has facilitated and expedited the carrying of perishable freight, by eliminating wagon haul of from 1 to 5 miles to the railroad station. The effect on freight rates is not known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No operations were in progress. The cost of making examinations of the channel and of office expenses was $409.29, for maintenance, the total expenditures being the same. Condition at end of fiscal year.- About 26 per cent of the project, that is,all of the dredging contemplated, has been completed. The uncompleted portion of the project is the construction of a jetty at the mouth, which it is not proposed to undertake at present. The controlling depth at mean low water on June 30, 1928, was 4.4 feet outside the mouth in the Delaware River, thence 6.4 feet to Pedrick- town, and thence 3 feet to Auburn, with a variable width of chan- nel. The costs of the existing project to date are $31,188.43 for new work and $19,511.57 for maintenance, a total of $50,700, the total expenditures being the same. Proposedoperations.-No funds are available. The channel is con- sidered to be in a satisfactory condition to meet the needs of existing commerce, and, accordingly, no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 6 to 8 feet. The principal items' of commerce for the calendar year consisted of grain, coal, cinders, and tomatoes, and were carried by motor vessels. The decrease in tonnage was due to the absence of receipts of manure, and the increase in valuation to the increased receipts of grain. All commercial traffic was confined to about 6 miles of the project between the Delaware River and Pedricktown, N. J. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 19.... 3 ... :... 1 , 8 $9 . I 044 8.... ..... $ 6, 1924---------------------. 9,665 158,622 1927-- 5,043 89,319 192,5]--------------- 6,936 52,590 380 REPORT .OF OUI; ;,OF ENQ~iEERS U. S., ARMY, 1928 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928-------------------------- $31, 188.43 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928---__------------- - 19, 511. 57 Total cost of permanent work to June 30,. 1928-------------50, 700.00 Net total expenditures-----------------------_ ---- 50, 700. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------------------- 50, 700. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work-------------------------.......................... ......-- --------.........------------ -...-------------- Cost of maintenance --------------- -------- ----- ---------------- ------------ 409.29 Total expended----------------------- $4,907.64 $9.24----------.......... $1.33 409.29 _---.----- Allotted-................... ------...----- .------ ----------......------- 7,500. 00 -7; 300.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927-_____.. ------- __-$____ $7, 709.29 Deduction on account of transfer to Tuckerton Creek, N. J., and Cohansey River, N. J------------------------------------ 7, 300. 00 Gross amount expended ___-- ---- 409.29 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of - - --- - - - - - - - - existing project 1 ------------- 88, 800. 00 6. SALEM RIVER, N. J. Location and description.-This river rises in Salem County, N. J., flows westward 10 miles, thence southward 13 miles to the city of Salem, N. J., where it is joined by Little Salem River, or Fenwick Creek, from the eastward, and thence westward 3 miles, emptying into the Delaware River about 45 miles below Philadelphia, Pa. The drainage area is about 40 square miles. No information is avail- able as to the discharge of the stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 51/2 miles. At the mouth and at Salem the high-water widths are 1,360 feet and 120 feet, respectively; the low-water widths at the same points are 1,040 feet and 90 feet. (See U, S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 294.) Original condition.-The channel was obstructed by stony and gravel shoals in the sharp bend just below the entrance to,. Salem River, over which there was a channel depth of 5 feet at mean low water. The minimum usable low-water depth was 41/2 feet. The river was navigable for shallow-draft boats only, and the larger vessels were compelled to wait for the tide. The head of navigation was at the fixed highway bridge crossing Little Salem River. The length of the navigable portion of the river was 4 miles. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted in 1870, modi- fied in 1878, and a subsequent project adopted March 2, 1907. The cost and expenditures on previous projects, prior to the adoption of the existing project, work on which began in June, 1927, were $55,809.34 for new work and $48,000 for maintenance, a total of $103,809.34. (For scope of previous projects see page. 1784, Annual Report for 1915, and page 349 of Annual Report for 1924.) 'Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 381 Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water, 150 feet wide from deep water in the Delaware River through Salem Cove, and thence 100 feet wide to the fixed highway bridge in the city of Salem, including a cut-off to eliminate a large horseshoe bend just below the city of Salem. The length of, the section included in the project is about 4 miles. The mean range of tide i's 6 feet and the extreme range is from about 1 foot below mean low water to about 2 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1927, is $175,000 (one- half of which is to be contributed by local interests), exclusive .of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1927) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $8,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1925 (H. Doc. No. 110, 68th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.---None. Local cooperation.-The existing project requires that local inter- ests contribute one-half the estimated cost of new work under this project, and that all rights of way for cut-offs shall be conveyed to the United States free of cost. The contributions thus far made pro- vide the right of way for the cut-off, title to which was approved May 12, 1927, and for 50 per cent of the cost of the 12-foot channel up to a point 225 feet above the county (Penns Neck) highway bridge. Whenever the 12-foot channel is extended to the fixed bridge additional local cooperation must be provided to the extent of 50 per cent of the cost of this work. Terminal facilities.-There are 13 wharves on the river, all at Salem, N. J. Twelve are of timber construction and one of concrete. One is a municipal wharf and free to the public, and five others may be used for a nominal wharfage charge. Twelve of the-wharves have direct connection with the Pennsylvania Railroad. The facilities are adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of inmprovement.-Commerce has been facilitated by work under the previous projects, though the movement of vessels is still handicapped by the sharp bends and shoals in the stream. The effect on freight rates is not known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-Dredging opera- tions, which were commenced June 28, 1927, under contract dated June 13, 1927, were continued until October 14, 1927, when the dredge was withdrawn for urgent work on inland waterway from Delaware River to Chesapeake Bay, Del. and Md. Dredging was resumed April 2, 1928, and continued until completion of contract May 10. By this new work dredging, a channel was obtained 12 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide from a point 225 feet above the county drawbridge at Salem to the beacon in Salem Cove, including the cut-off to eliminate the large horseshoe bend just below the city of Salem, thence a channel 150 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean low water across Salem Cove to the 12-foot curve in Delaware River. The total length of channel dredged was 20,825 feet, 534,566 cubic yards of mud, sand, clay and gravel, and large stones being removed. The cost was $103,650.19, all for new work, of which $69,211.24 was from United States funds and $34,438.95 from contributed funds. The total expenditures were $99,438.95, of 382 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 8 which $65,000 was from United States funds and $34,438.95 from contributed funds. Condition at end of fiscal year.--About 60 per cent of, the existing project has been completed. The remaining portion includes the dredging of the section commencing about 225 feet above the county (Penns Neck) highway bridge to the fixed highway bridge at Salem. There is no present demand for improvement of this section. The controlling depths at mean low water were as follows: From Dela- ware River across Salem Cove to the mouth, 12 feet (October 19, 1927); from the mouth up the river, through the cut-off, to a point 225 feet above Penns Neck Bridge, 12 feet (June 30, 1928); and thence to the fixed highway bridge at Salem, 41/2 feet (October 19, 1927). The total cost of the existing project to date is $103,650.19, for new work, of which $69,211.24 was from United States funds and $34,438.95 from contributed funds. The total expenditures were $99,438.95, of which $65,000 was from United States funds and $34,438.95 from contributed funds. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1928 ($14,189.23), consist of amounts contributed by local interests for im- provement of the 12-foot channel recently completed. After payment of outstanding liabilities ($4,000) and adjustment as to total cost of the work, the excess funds will be returned to the contributing local interests. Additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930 in maintaining, by contract, the channel at the mouth, as follows: Dredging 20,000 cubic yards, at 35 cents----------------------- $7, 000 Engineering and overhead-------------------------------------------500 Total------------------ ------ ---------------------------- 7, 500 The amount named for maintenance during the fiscal year 1930 is larger than the average expended for that purpose during the last five years, on account of the fact that a greater amount of dredging will be rendered necessary by the 12-foot project of 1925, recently completed, in which the rate of shoaling will be much greater than it was in the 9-foot channel of the previous project. Commercial statistics. The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 5 to 9 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of fuel oil, cinders, fertilizer, glass, and salt hay. The coin- modities were carried by motor vessels and lighters. The decrease in tonnage was chiefly due to the absence of receipts of sand and stone, which was utilized in 1926 for road construction. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value -------------------- 1923...................... 45, 640 $699, 656 1926. --------------------- 25, 655 $326, 715 1924 ---...................... 17, 092 300, 559 1927 --------------------- 18, 507 326, 431 ...................... 1925--------------------- 16, 977 405, 513 RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 383 Cost and financial seunzarf UNITED STATES FUNDS Cost of new work to June 30, 1928--------------------------- $125, 020. 58 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928--------------------------- 48, 000. 00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928_ 173, 020. 58 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928 4,211. 24 Net total expenditures---------------------------------- 168. 809. 34 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------------------- 168, 809. 34 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost ofnew work-i_ ____211.-- _- Cost of maintenance.-... -___I--- ------ ------ -- $69, 11.242_4 Total expended___________________ $7, 000. 00 $13. 33 $783. 35 - ------ ------65, 000. 00 Allotted------------10000---------$5000- --- Balance unexpended July 1, 1927------------------------------ $65, 000. 00 Gross amount expended 65, 001.50 $---------------------------- - Less receipts from sales___ __-- ___-___---- - - - - 1. 50 65, 000.00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project----------------------------------------- 36, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930: for maintenance ------------------------------------- 7, 500. 00 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS Cost of new work to June 30, 1928_-----------------------------$34, 438.95 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928___ Net total expenditures_ --------------- 34, 438. 95 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928_ ------------------------------ 14, 189. 23 Total amount contributed to June 30, 1928____ __- ___----48, 628. 18 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work Cost of maintenance_- ---- -. .. - . ...... ...-........ .... .- - - $34, -.438. 95 xpndd------------- ------ To t l - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ----- --- -- --- :--- -- Total epende , -- - - 34, 438. 95 Contributed . . . . . . . . -- . ..- -_ -........--- $30,000.00 18, 628. 18 Balance unlexpended July 1, 1927---------------------------- $30, 000. 00 Amount contributed by the State of New Jersey 18, 628. 18 Net amount to be accounted for_ 48, 628. 18 amount expended- ( roi.:s -- ------------ 34, 438. 95 Balance unexpeinded June 30, 1928------------------------ 14, 189. 23 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project --- ----- -- ------- 36, 000. 00 1:In addition, locl interests are required to contribute an equal amount. SExcluesive of available funds. 147101 128 - 23 384 REPORT OF OCHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 28 CONSOLIDATED COST AND FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR 'SALEM RIVER, N. J. Cost of new work to June 30, 1928__ ----------------------------- $159, 459. 53 Cost of/maintenance to June 30, 1928---------------------------- 48, 000. 00 Total cost of permanent work to June, 1928 ....-- __----- 207, 459. 53 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928- - -- -- 4. 211. 24 Net total expenditures--- -------------------------------- 203 248. 29 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928----------------------__ -- 14, 189.23 Total appropriations and contributions to June 30, 1928 _ 217; 437.'52 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928* Cost of new work -------------------- $103, 650. 19 Cost ofmaintenance---------------------- Tbtal'expended-. _ _-- $7, 000. 00 $13. 33 $783. 35 - --... 99, 438. 95 Allotted or contributed-.---- - ,000 10, .. 0.0__.___ 000.00 $95, 000. 00 18, 628. 18 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927__ _ - - $95, 000.00 Amount contributed by State of New Jersey -18, 628. 18 Net amount to be accounted for -- 113, 628. 18 Gross amount expended----------------------------- $99, 440. 45 Less receipts from sales----------------------- ---- 1. 50 99. 438 95 Balance unexpended June 30. 1928---------------------- 14, 189. 23 Amount (estimated) required :to be appropriated for completion of existing project _-_ --.. 12 72, 000 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance_-- _- .- --------- 7, 500. 00 7. ALLOWAY CREEK, N. J. Location and description.-This creek rises in Salem County, N. J., flows southwesterly 15 miles, and empties into the Delaware River about 47 miles below Philadelphia, Pa. The drainage area is 60 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 14 miles. At the mouth and at Quinton the high-water widths are 260 feet and 102 feet, respectively; the low-water widths at the same points, are 245 feet and 90 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 294.) Original condition.--The channel was narrow, tortuous, and ob- structed by numerous shoals, over which there were low-water depths of 4 feet in the lower part and 2 feet in the upper part of the stream. The minimum usable low-water depth was 1.3 feet. Vessels of moder- ate draft were required to wait for high tide. The head of rnavigation for small craft was the highway bridge at Quinton. The length of the navigable portion was 101/2 miles. Previous projects.-None. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 2 One-half of this amount to be contributed by local interests. RIVERS AND HARBORS -WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 35 Existing project.-This provides for a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water beginning at Fosters Bottle, 1 mile above the mouth, where a cut-off was provided, which shortened the distance 1 mile, thence upstream to Quinton, a distance of 8 miles, 75 feet wide to a point 1,000 feet above Upper Hancock Bridge, and thence 60 feet wide to Quinton, including dikes at "The Square" and above Upper Han- cock Bridge, and an increased width at "The Canal" to 150 feet between low-water lines. The mean range of tide at the mouth is 6 feet, at Hancock Bridge 5 feet, and at Quinton 4 feet. The ex- treme range of tide is from about 1 foot below mean low water to about 2 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1890, was $25,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of mainte- nance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of September 19, 1890 (H. Doc. No. 60, 51st Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1890, p. 910), provided for all features except the dike above Upper Hancock Bridge, which was added in 1896, and the cut-off at Fosters Bottle, which was provided for by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907. There is no published map. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-As required by law, all land needed for the cut-off at Fosters Bottle was furnished by local interests free of cost to the United States, title to the land having been approved by the Department of Justice July 30, 1908. Terminal facilities.-There are five pile and timber wharves on this stream. All are privately owned, but may be used by the public free of charge when not in use by owners. Two wharves have direct connection with the Pennsylvania Railroad. The facilities are ade- quate for existing commerce. (For a 'full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement. Shipment of perishable freight has been greatly facilitated by elimination of a wagon haul of 5 to 6 miles to the railroad station. The effect on freight rates is not known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No operations were in progress. The cost of making examinations of the channel and of office expenses was $400, for maintenance, the total expenditures being the same. Condition at end of fiscal year. The project was comlpleted in 1909, at a saving of $3,602 under the estimated cost. The controlling depth at mean low water on June 30. 1928, was 4.7 feet from the Dela- ware River to the mouth, thence 5 feet to Quinton. The costs of the existing project to date are $21,397.73 for new work and $33,002.27 for maintenance, a total of $54,400, the total expenditures being the same. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The channel is con- sidered to be in a satisfactory condition to meet the needs of existing commerce, and, accordingly, no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930. Commercial statistics. The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 6 to 8 feet. The commodities of commerce consisted of cinders, coal, 386 liREPORI OF CHlF OQF ENGINEERS, U. S, ARMY, 1928 tin cans, and fertilizer and were carried by motor vessels. The (le- crease in tonnage and valuation was due chiefly to the decrease in receipts of tin cans and cinders and the absence of shipments of tomatoes. (Cmparaitive stattenent Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value ... . ... ..... . _.... -- - - -- - - . . . ...I-------..- 1923.---------------------- 4, 592 $65, 049 1926--------------------- 2, 454 $76, 037 1924_-______ _______ -- _... 2,526 114, 320 1927-------------------- 665 25,895 1925.... ---------------------- 2,100 50, 127 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 397. 73 $-----------21, Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928-- ------------------- 33, 002. 27 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------- 54, 400. 00 .Net total expenditures --------------------------------- 54, 400. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928__------------- 54, 400. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work-* Cost of maintenance ..-----------------------------------...------------..-------- 00 00 Total expended .... ...----------------------- $1,000.00 $233. 16 $271 14 $1,500. 00 400. 00 Allotted -----------------. 5, 000 00- - -- ---------- -400. 00 Amount allotted from War Department applopriation act approved February 23. 1927 -- ---- ------ -- $400. 00 Gross amount expended - - 4 00. 00 8. COHANSEY RIVER, N. J. Location and description.-Thisriver rises in Salem County, N. J.. flows southerly and southwesterly through Cumberland County 261/2 miles, and empties into the Delaware Bay about 62 miles below Philadelphia, Pa. The drainage area is 91 square miles. No infor- ination is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 171/4 miles. At the mouth and at Bridge- ton the high-water widths are 750 feet and 70 feet, respectively; the low-water widths at the same points are 700 feet and 70 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1218.) Oiginal con.dition.-The channel was narrow and tortuous, ob- structed by a broad mud bar at the mouth, without a well-defined channel, over which was a low-water depth of about 5 feet. The channel through and below the city of Bridgeton was obstructed by numerous shoals and by the gas and water mains, which were laid only 4 feet below low water. The depths did not meet the demands of commerce. as vessels were required to wait for high tide. The minimum usable low-water depth was 3.5 feet. The head of naviga- tion was at the fixed bridge at Bridgeton. The length of the navi- gable portion was 20 miles. I'r'vious projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and larbor act of March 3, 1873, amd was miodified in 1879. The cost RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 387 and expenditures on previous projects prior to the adoption of the Dxisting project (expenditures on which began in 1907) were $36,000 for new work. For scope of previous projects see page 1785, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project-This provides for a channel about 2,00()0 feet long through a neck of land at the mouth, 7 feet deep at m ean tow water and 100 feet wide. from Delaware Bay to Cohansey River, and for a channel 7 feet deep, 100 feet wide, from Stony Point to Broad Street, Bridgeton, a distance of 6,000 feet; thence 75 feet wide to Commerce Street Bridge. a distance of 740 feet, and thence 60 feet wide to the Nail Works Bridge, a distance of 900 feet. The sections of the river included in the project are the cut-off at the mouth and the upper river from Stony Point tp the Nail Works Bridge, a total distance of 1.8 miles. The cut-off at the mouth shortened the distance between the mouth and Bridgeton 3 miles. The mean range of tide is 51/2 feet at the mouth and 7 feet at Bridgeton. The extreme range of tide is from 2 feet below mean low water to 3 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work. made in 1905, was $55,800, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $4,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 645, 59th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in that document. Recommended modifications of project. None. Local cooperation.-The land required for the cut-off at the mnouth, which was provided for by law as part of the project of improve- ument, was voluntarily conveyed to the United States free of cost, title having been approved by the Department of Justice September 21, 1910. Terminal facilities.-There are 23 wharves along this stream. 2 of which are of concrete and the remainder of pile and timber con- struction. One wharf is publicly owned and open free to the public use. The remaining 22 wharves are privately owned, of which 5 are open to the general public use upon payment of a nominal wharfage charge, and 17 are open free to the public use. Most of the wharves have direct connection with either the Pennsylvania Railroad or the Central Railroad of New Jersey. The terminals are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has facilitated and expedited shipments of fruits and other merchandise. The effect on freight rates is not known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No operations were in progress. Combined proposals for dredging Cooper River, Man- tua Creek, and Cohansey River were opened May 23, 1928. Contract dated June 21, 1928, was entered into for maintenance dredging in Cohansey River at the unit price of 44 cents per cubic yard. At the close of the year the contract had not been approved and work had not been commenced. The cost of making examination of the chan- nel, preliminary to preparing specifications, and of office expenses was $712.53, for maintenance, the total expenditures being the same. 388 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Cowdition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1912, at a saving of $7,221 under the estimated cost. The controlling depth at mean low water on June 30, 1928, was 5.6 feet from the Delaware Bay to Stony Point, thence 5.6 feet to Commerce Street Bridge, Bridgeton, and thence 2.7 feet to the Nail Works Bridge. The costs of the existing project to date are $48,578.89 for new work and $32,463.51 for maintenance, a total of $81,042.40, the total expenditures being the same. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1928, to maintenance dredging, under contract, as follows: Dredging, approximately 38,000 cubic yards, at 44 cents--------- $16, 720. 00 Engineering and contingencies_ _-_ 337. 60 Total--------------------------------------------------- 7, 057. 60 The funds will be expended at the rate of approximately $4,500 per month, and will probably be exhausted by October 31, 1928. Since the work to be done in the fiscal year 1929 will restore the channel to a satisfactory condition, no additional funds can be profit- ably expended during the fiscal year 1930. Commercial statistices.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 5 to 8 feet. The commerce for the calendar year consisted principally of oysters, oyster shells, tomatoes, fuel oil, fertilizer, and salt hay. The commodities were carried by motor vessels, barges, lighters, and auxiliary schooners. The increase in tonnage was due .chiefly to the increased shipments of oyster shells, and a decrease in valuation due principally to the decreased receipts of oysters and oils. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value ... 1923 _______________........ 23,621 $664,657 1926 ...........--------------------- 25,961 $714,973 1924....________.......------------ 30, 427 1, 005, 872 1927_ _--------------------- 29, 787 668, 615 1925 . ......... ....... 24,370 697,306 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928-------__-____--____ $84, 578. 89 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928___________ ____________- __ 32, 463. 51 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928_______________ 117, 042. 40 Net total expenditures----------------------------------------17, 042. 40 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928---______-------------------- 17, 057.60 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928_ ... ________- 134, 100. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work------------------------------ Cost of maintenance.....------------------ ------- ------------------------------ _ $712. 53 Total expended ----------------- $18,827. 71 - .$189 $16.$8_____$16.7 23 712. 53 Allotted................................... 5, 000. 00 ....... ....--------- 10, 000. 00 ..------------ 6, 800. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 389 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927------------------------------- $10,970. 13 Transferred from Oldmans Creek, N. J__-------- --------- 6, 800.00 Net amount to be accounted for---------------------------- 17,770. 13 Gross amount expended------------------- $714. 03 -_________ Less receipts from sales 1. 50 712. 53 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928___ -------------------- 17, 057. 60 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts__- ---..---------- - 16, 852. 00 Balance available June 30, 1928_ ---------- 205.60 9. MAURICE RIVER, N. J. Location and description.-This river rises in Gloucester County, N. J., flows southerly and southwesterly through Cumberland County 321/2 miles, and empties into Delaware Bay through Maurice Cove, about 89 miles below Philadelphia, Pa. The drainage area is 377 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 24 miles. At the mouth and at Millville the high-water widths are 1,500 feet and 165 feet, respectively; the low-water widths at the same points are 1,200 feet and 135 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1218.) Original condition.--The channel was obstructed by a mud bar through the cove at the entrance and numerous shoals in the upper 4 miles of the river. The channel across the bar at the mouth was not well defined. Over it was a depth o 5 feet. At French Bar, 20 miles above the mouth, the .depth was 4 feet, and at Millville, the head of navigation, 24 miles above the mouth, it was about 2 feet. The minimum usable low-water depth was 2 feet. The depths did not meet the demands of commerce, as large craft had to wait for high tide. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882. It was modified in 1890, and again in 1892. The cost and expenditures on previous projects prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1910) were $43,000 for new work. For scope of previous projects see page 1785, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 7 feet deep at mean low water across the bar at the mouth in Maurice Cove and up to the head of navigation at Millville, including a turning basin at the upper end, the width across the bar at the mouth and in the river to Millville drawbridge to be 100 feet and 60 feet thence to the mill- dam. The sections of the river included in the project are from the 7-foot contour in the Delaware Bay to the 7-foot contour in the mouth of Maurice River, a distance of 3 miles, and from French Bar, 31/2 miles below Millville drawbridge, upstream to the milldam, a. distance of 4 miles. The mean range of tide at the mouth is 5 feet and at Millville 6 feet. The extreme tidal range is from 1 foot below mean low water to 1 foot above mean high water. The esti- mate of cost for new work, made in 1906, is $156,200, exclusive of amoints expended under previous projects. No estimate for annual maintenance has been made. 30 :REAPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY, 1928 The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doe. No. 664, 59th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in that document. Recoimnmended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 42 pile and timber wharves, 5 ship- yards, and 4 marine railways located on Maurice River, and most of these have direct railroad connection. At Bivalve and Maurice River, N. J., there is a continuous wharfage, with direct railroad con- nections running parallel to the wharves. One wharf is publicly owned and open free to public use. The remaining 41 wharves are privately owned, of which 32 are open to the general public use upon payment of moderate wharfage and 9 are for private use. The ter- minals are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improveent.-Larger vessels can now be used, and in consequence there is a larger output from the sand deposits, and ,nd vessels can now be operated to Millville at low tide. The full effect value of the improvement can not be determined until the chan- nel outside the mouth is completed. No effect on freight rates is known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No operations were in progress. Specifications for new work dredging in deepening to project depth of 7 feet the channel across the flats, at the entrance from Delaware Bay were issued, proposals to be opened June 13, 1928, but no bids were received. The cost of making an examination of channel preliminary to preparing specifications, and of office ex- penses, was $165 for new work and $299.33 for maintenance, a total of $464.33. The total expenditures were $375. 'Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 40 per cent of the existing project has been completed. The remaining portion is the deepening of the channel across the flats at the entrance from Delaware Bay to project depth of 7 feet at mean low water and dredging to project dimensions of a short section of the channel in the upper river. The controlling depths at mean low water were as follows: From Dela- ware River across the bar into Maurice River, 5 feet (June 30, 1928) ; thence to 2,000 feet above Millville Bridge, 6 feet (September 30, 1927); and thence to the mill dam, 21 feet (June 30, 1927). The costs of the existing project to date are $64,119.20 for new work and $45,845.13 for maintenance, a total of $109,964.33. The total expend- ittures have been $109,875. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1928, to new work dredging at the mouth of the river, under contract, as follows: Dredging, approximately 37,000 cubic yards, at 40 cents .-------------- $14. 8)00 Engineering and contingencies 200 Total -------------- - --------------------- --- 15, 000 The funds will be expended at the rate of approximately $7,500 per month and will probably be exhausted by September 30, 1928. It is not believed that any additional work will be required during the fiscal year 1930, and no funds can, therefore, be profitably expended. RIVERS AND HIARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 391 Coimmercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 5 to 10 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of oysters, oyster shells, logs, sand and gravel. The com- modities were carried by motor vessels, auxiliary schooners, and barges. The decrease in tonnage and valuation was due chiefly to the decreased receipts of oysters. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1923-------------------.................--.. 234,310 $2, 094, 419 1926-------------------- 213, 677 $3,130, 316 ....... 1924 -------------------- ......... 168, 505 2,422,105 1927 ........ ..-------------------- 193,921 2,389, 824 1925 -------------------- 156,405 2,247,112 t sm ary Cost and flnancial Cost of new work to June 30, 1928- -107, 119. 20 $------------------ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928-------------------------- 45, 845.13 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------ 152, 964. 33 Minus accounts payable June 30. 1928 ------------ 89. 33 Net total expenditures 52, 875. 00 1------------------------------ Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 -------------------------- 15, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928____________-- 167, 875. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 .. ...--------------- Cost of new work ......----------..------- ---...------..------- ------------ $165.00 Cost of maintenance.......------------------ -----------. ------------ --------- _--__ . 299.33 Total cost- ------------------------------------------------------------------ 464.33 Total expended ....---------------------- $7, 293. 18 $23, 825.08 $294. 06 $49.79 375. 00 Allotted .....----------------------------- 7,000. 00 ...........--........... 15, 375. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928------------------------ $15, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927------------------ ------- 375.00 $15, 375. 00 Gross amount expended ___ - _____ -________________ ____ 375. 00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928__- _____________--_ 15, 000. 00 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928_-- - --- -___ -- - 151. 33 Balance available June 30, 1928-------------------------- 14, 848. 67 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-- -------------------------------- 78, 000. 00 10. COLD SPRING INLET, N. J. Location and description.-This inlet, is located in Cape May County, southern New Jersey, about 3 miles east of Cape May City and about 16 miles northeast of Delaware Breakwater. The inlet 1Exclusive of available funds. 392 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 connects Cold Spring Harbor with the Atlantic Ocean and is about 1 mile in length. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1219.) Original condition.-There was a variable channel leading from the ocean through the inlet to a natural basin inside, which was about 6 feet deep and 60 acres in area. The entrance was obstructed by a shifting sand bar lying about one-half mile outside, with a depth over it of about 2 feet at low water, but in the gorge of the inlet there was a depth of 29 feet. The vessels using the inlet were necessarily of small draft and were required to wait for high tide. Previous projets.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 25 feet deep at mean low water and 400 feet wide through the inlet, a distance of 1 mile, protected by two parallel jetties 700 feet or more apart. The east jetty is a rubble mound 4,548 feet long. The west jetty is 4,410 feet long, of which 2,000 feet at the inner end is of stone-filled pile and timber construction and the outer 2,410 feet is a rubble mound. The mean range of tide is 41/ feet and the extreme tidal range is very great, due to storms at sea, the extent of which has not been recorded. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1906, was $1,311,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $20,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 388, 59th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1911, page 1382. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-In compliance with law, the Cape May Real Estate Co. contributed $100,000 toward the cost of the improvement and assumed the work of deepening and enlarging the inner harbor. They also contributed the necessary land and right of way for the shore ends of the jetties, for lighthouses, for the establishment of a life-saving station, and for a depot for the United States Engineer Department. All cooperation has been completed, except the work of deepening and enlarging the inner harbor, which is only 80 per cent completed. Terminal facilities.-There are 25 wharves or landings, 1 coaling pier, and 2 marine railways served by this waterway, including those owned by the Navy Department. The wharves are indirectly con- nected with two railroad systems and are adequate for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-There is an increased use of the inlet by commercial and fishing interests and as a harbor of refuge. No effect on freight rates is known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No operations were in progress. Floating plant owned by the Government was repaired, and a survey of the channel between the jetties was made in October, 1927, at a cost of $2,309.14, for maintenance, the total expenditures being the same. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1917, at a saving of $331,725 under the estimated cost. The con- trolling depth at mean low water on October 14, 1927, was 20 feet from the Atlantic Ocean to the inner limit of the project, from which point but 13 feet could be carried to Schellengers Landing. RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 393 The costs of the existing project to date are $879,274.62 for new work and $280,368.79 for maintenance, a total of $1,159,643.41, from United States funds, the total expenditures being the same. In addi- tion $100,000 was expended for new work from contributed funds. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1928 ($2,056.59), to payment of outstanding obliga- tions, and to an examination of the channel and( the jetties. It is not believed that atny additional work will be required during the fiscal year 1930, and no funds can therefore be profitably ex- pended during that year. (Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 5 to 16 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of coal, gasoline, fish, and ice. The commodities were carried by steamers, motor vessels, and barges. The increased ton- nage and valuation was chiefly due to receipts of stone and increased shipments of gasoline. Comlparative stateiment Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1923 ..... .. $30,844 $1, 223, 985 65, 000 1926__ - _ 10, 120 $466, 827 48, 000 1924----------- 40,000 1, 383,108 56, 900 1 1927 _ 12, 068 482, 822 61,400 1925- ... 52, 240 1, 090, 100 70, 500 Cost and financial susmmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 ---------------------- '879, 274.62 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928---------------------- 280, 365. 79 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928--------- 1, 159, 643. 41 Net total expenditures ----------------------- 1, 159, 643. 41 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928-...-- -------- - 2, 056. 59 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928----------- 1,161, 700. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work .. ......------------- -------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance ----------- --------------------------------------------- $2, 309. 14 Total expended__________________________ $88. 62 $57, 787.21 $2, 427.01 $63, 883. 54 2,309.14 Allotted_...---_.. --. ~..._ __ -_ 50,000.00 50,000.00 ----- 40,000.00 -- 19,500.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927-- 23, 865.73 $--------------------- Deduction on account of transfer to Inland waterway from Dela- ware River to Chesapeake Bay, Delaware and Maryland 9,500. 00 -------- Net amount to be accounted for------------------------- 4, 365. 73 Gross amount expended _--------------------------- 2.309. 14 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928_____________-------- 2,056. 59 11. ABSECON INLET, N. J.. Location and description--This inlet is located on the coast of New Jersey, about 65 miles north of Delaware Breakwater, between 1In addition to this amount, $100,000 of contributed funds were expended on this work. 394 'REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Brigantine Beach on the north and Absecon Beach on the south. It is about three-fourths mile wide and 1 mile long and forms the entrance to the harbor at Atlantic City, N. J. (See . S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1217.) Original condition.The entrance channel was variable in depth and position, owing to its being obstructed by a bar of shifting sand. There was a low-water depth of about 7 feet over the bar, whil the channel inside was about 600 feet wide, with ample depth of water. Navigation was prohibited for large-draft vessels on account of the variable depths and unsafe conditions in stormy weather. Previous project.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, and provided for obtaining and maintaining by dredging for a period of five years a channel through the inlet 12 feet deep at mean low water and 300 feet wide, the ques- tion of continuing the improvement to be then determined in the light of the commerce developed. The project was completed in 1916. The cost and expenditure upon the previous project prior to begin- ning work on the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1923) were $226,496.89 for new work and $235,785.61 for mainte- nance, a total of $462,282.50. Etxisting project.-This provides for obtaining and maintaining by dredging an entrance channel 20 feet deep at mean low water and 400 feet wide. The length of channel included in the project is 1 mile. The mean range of tide is 41/2 feet. The extreme range of tide, due to ocean storms, is very great, but its full extent is not known. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $500,- 000, and the latest (1922) estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $50,000. It is provided in the project that should the channel at any times have a deleterious effect on the Atlantic City Beach, work upon the improvement may cease, it being understood that the projet is adopted on the basis that the interests of the beach in front of the city are superior to those of the inlet. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. No. 375, 67th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is contained in the Annual Report for 1887, page 818. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.- Authorities of Atlantic City voluntarily un- dertook some experimental work of harrowing the crest of the bar with a view of deepening the channel, but without any definite re- sults. Extensive improvements have been made to the inner harbor by the city authorities. Terminal facilities.-There are nine wharves served by this im- provement, of which one is of concrete and eight are of pile and timber construction. One is Government owned, six are privately owned and open to the general public use upon payment of moderate wharfage, and two are publicly owned. Three of the wharves have direct railroad connection. There is also a continuous line of piers or landing places for pleasure craft on both sides of the large basins which indent the south shore of the inner channel. There are three shipyards at this locality; also three marine railways. The facili- RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMIINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 395 ties are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of inprovement.-This improvement provides at present facilities for the entrance of a large number of pleasure boats and fishing craft. Operationsand results during the fiscal year.-No active operations were in progress. The cost of making examination of the channel and of office expenses was $360.48, for maintenance. The total ex- penditures were minus $418.52. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 43 per cent completed. The work yet to be done to complete the project is to continue dredging the channel to project dimensions across the ocean bar. The controlling depth on June 30, 1928, was 12 feet at mean low water in the channel across the inlet bar. The costs of the existing project to date are $215,168.72 for new work and $5,640.75 for main- tenance, a total of $220,809.47. The total expenditures have been $309,729.39. Proposed operations.--No funds are available. The channel is considered to be in a satisfactory condition to meet the needs of existing commerce, and, accordingly, no funds can be profitably ex- pended during the fiscal year 1930. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 6 to 14 feet. The principal items of commerce consisted of coal, oils, fish, and fertilizer. The commodities were carried by motor vessels and barges. The increase in tonnage and value was chiefly due to the increased receipts of gasoline and fuel oil. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1923 ____ 1924- -.-. _.--. 4, 832 28, 772 $372, 600 972, 832 150, 000 133, 250 1926 __- -- 1927__--- -- 9, 545 22, 899 $443, 177 826, 86f 75, 000 80, 000 1925----- 21, 792 695,000 115, 000 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928---------------------------- $441 66. 61 Cost of ma ntenance to June 30, 1928---------------------- -- 241, 426. 30 Total cost of permanent work to June 30. 1928_ -- 683. 091. 97 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand Jude 30, 1928------------- 88. 919. 92 Net total cost to June 30, 1928---------------- 011. 89 7------------72, Net total expenditures 772, 011. 89 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 ------- 772. 011. 89 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work .----------------........----- - Cost of maintenance ..... __ .......---. $360. 48 Total expended_ - -------------------- $167, 687. 27 $180, 434.2 $8855068 $5, 672. 39 -418. 52 Allotted _ ---------------------------228, 000. 00 - - - -418. 52 396 REPORT OF CBIEF OF ENGANEERS, U.: . ARMY, 1928 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927---------..------.-------------- -------------------- $300. 00 Deduction on account of reiocation of allotment -- 718. 52 Net amount to be accounted for- -__________-------- - 418. 52 Gross amount expended ------------------------------ $575.00 Less receipts from sales 9-------------------------------93.52 -418.52 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for c mpletion of existing project__--------------------------------------------285, 000. 00 12. ABSECON CREEK, N. J. Location and description.-This creek rises in and flows easterly 5 miles through Atlantic County, N. J., emptying into Abescon Bay about 5 miles northwest of Atlantic City. It has a drainage area of about 26 square miles. No information is available as to the dis- charge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 3 miles. The width at the mouth is 280 feet and at Absecon 80 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1217.) Original condition.The channel was tortuous, obstructed by numerous shoals and near its head by ruins of an old dani. There was an available low-water depth of 1 foot across Absecon Bay and 31/2 feet in the creek. The minimum usable low-water depth was six- tenths of a foot. The head of navigation is the fixed highway bridge at Absecon, a distance of about 2 miles from the mouth. Previous projects.-None. Exi,.sting project:--This provides for a channel 5 feet deep at mean low water 80 feet wide from deep water in Absecon Bay across the flats to the mouth of the creek, a distance of 1 mile, thence 50 feet wide to the highway bridge at Absecon village, a farther distance of 2 miles, including a turning basin at the head of navigation. The mean range of tide is 4 feet. The extreme range of tide is firom 1 foot below mean low water to about 1 foot above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1911, was $15,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2.500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 71, 62d Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in that document. Recoinmmended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperatioi.--None. Ter-minal facilitie .- There are four pile and timber wharves andl landings on this stream, three of which are privately and one pub- licly owned, but all open to public use. None have direct railroad connections. The facilities are adequate for existing - commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652. 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.--At the completion of the project the channel was navigable for deeper draft vessels at all stages of the tide, but rapid shoaling makes frequent dredging for maintenance necessary, in order to provide a permanent channel and allow free movement of vessels. No effect on freight rates is known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No operations were in progress. An examination of the channel flrom Absecon Bay to RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 397 the town of Absecon was made. Combined proposals for mainte- nance dredging in Absecon and Tuckerton Creeks were opened May 23, 1928. Contract dated June 13, 1928, was entered into for the work in Absecon Creek, at the unit price of 34 cents per cubic yard for dredging in the entrance channel and 40 cents per cubic yard for dredging within the river. At the close of the year, the contract had not been approved and work had not been commenced. The cost of making examination of the channel and of office expenses was $880.05, for maintenance, the total expenditures being the same. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1913, at a saving of $3,065 under the estimated cost. The control- ling depth at mean low water on July 20, 1927, across the flats in Absecon Bay to the mouth was 3 feet, and thence to the highway bridge at Abescon 4.6 feet, with a variable width of channel. The costs of the existing project to date are $11,934.96 for new work and $23.645.09 for nmaintenance, a total of $35,580.05, the total ex- penditures being the same. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended follows: June 30, 1928, to maintenance dredging, under contract, as I)redg'ng, approximately 25.,270 cubic yards, at 34 cents------------ $8, 591. 80 Engineering and contingencies_------------------------------------ 2, 028. 15 Total--------------------------------------- 10, 619. 95 The funds will be exl)ended at the rate of approximately $2,500 per month, and will probably be exhausted by October 31, 1928. Since the available funds are sufficient to restore the channel to a satisfactory condition, no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930. Cont.mercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 3 to 6 feet. The. principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of oysters, oyster shells, clams and coal. The commodities were carried by motor vessels and lighters. The increase in com- merce was due to the increased shipment of coal which was used on d(redges operating in that vicinity. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1923 . 6,738 $218,605 . 1926-................... 6,505 $144,125 1924 24,092 274,105 1927 -------....... 8,775 6........ 228,145 1925 . 319,426 455,629 Cost and financial sumnmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928----------------------- 11, 934. 96 $------- Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------- 23, 645. 09 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 ----------- 35, 580. 05 Net total expenditures______________- -_ 35, 580. 05 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928--------------------------- 10, 619. 95 Totl amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-_ 46. 200. 00 398 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY; 1928 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work...... .........---.........-- .. .... ... .............. Cost of maintenance ........------------ ----.....------------------------- ------.. .....----------.. $880. 05 Total expended__---------------------- ----------- $231. 33 $9, 837. 57 -. -.---- 880.05 Allotted___..................--------------------------- $10, 000. 00 --------------------- $7, 500. 00 4, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927------------------------------------ $7, 500. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927------------------------------------------ 4, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for-----------------------_ _ 11, 500.00 Gross amount expended-------------------------------------- 880.05 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928-------------- ------------ 10, 619. 95 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts--------------------- 8, 591.80 Balance available June 30, 1928------------------------------2, 028. 15 13. TUCKERTON CREEK, N. J. Location, and description.-Thiscreek rises in Ocean County, N. J., flows southeasterly 3 miles, and empties into Little Egg Harbor about 8 miles north of Little Egg Inlet. The drainage area is 14 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 2 miles. The width at the mouth is 120 feet and at Tuckerton 50 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1216.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow and tortuous and obstructed by a broad bar outside the mouth, over which there was an available channel depth of about 2 feet. Inside the mouth were numerous shoals with available channel depths ranging from 4 to 11/2 feet. The minimum usable low-water depth was 1.2 feet. The waterway was navigable for small boats as far as Tuckerton mill- dam, a distance of 2 miles, but moderate-draft vessels were detained at the mouth awaiting high water. Previous projects.-None. Ecistin.g project.-This provides for a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water, 8.0 feet wide from the head of Marchelder Channel in Little Tuckerton Bay, about 1/2 miles to the mouth of the creek; thence up the creek, 75 feet wide, 1 mile to Parkers Landing; thence 60 feet wide five-eighths mile to West Tuckerton Landing; thence 5 feet deep at mean low water and 60 feet wide three-eighths mile to just above Scow Landing; and thence 3 feet deep at mean low water and 40 feet wide one-eighth mile to the milldam at Tuckerton. The length of the section included in the project is about 312 miles. The mean range of tide throughout the creek is 212 feet. The extreme range of tide, due to winds, is from 1 foot below mean low water to 1 foot above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1900, was $61,380. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902 (H. Doc. No. 274, 56th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the river and harbor act of March 3. 1905, substituted for the channel from the mouth of the creek to Gaunts Point a channel from the mouth of the creek across Little Tuckerton Bay to the head of Marchelder Channel. The latest published map is in House Document No. 1040. Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommenided nodificeatowns8 of pfojec t.--None. RIVERS AND HARBORS -WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 399 Local cooperation.-Consent by the owner of property at the mouth of the stream was given to the cutting off of the point of land. Ternminal facilities.-There are 12 wharves of ordinary pile and timber construction, of which 4 are public and 1 privately owned, open to the free public use ; and 7 are private landings suitable for oyster trade. The wharves have indirect connection with the rail- road. The wharfage facilities are adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) EEfect of improvement.-Navigation is permitted at all stages of tide, thereby facilitating the movement of freight boats. No effect on freight rates is known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No operations were in progress. An examination of the channel across Little Egg Har- bor and up the creek to the mill dam at Tuckerton was made. Com- bined proposals for maintenance dredging in Absecon and Tuckerton Creeks were opened May 23, 1928. Contract dated June 13, 1928, was entered into for dredging in Tuckerton Creek at the unit price of 42 cents per cubic yard. At the close of the year the contract had not been approved and work had not been commenced. The cost of making an examination of the channel and of office expenses was $954.40 for maintenance. The total expenditures were $949.07. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1925 at a saving of $1,138 under the estimated cost. The controlling depth at mean low water on July 5, 1927, was 5 feet across the bay outside the mouth and up to Willow Landing, and thence 2.8 feet to the milldam at Tuckerton. The costs of the existing project to date are $60,242.16 for new work and $68,059.96 for maintenance, a total of $128,302.12. The total expenditures have been $128,296.79. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1928, to maintenance dredging, under contract, as follows: Dredging, approximately 61,000 cubic yards, at 42 cents __-____ $25,620. 00 Engineering and contingencies ----------------------------------- 1, 963. 21 Total __ _ __ __ _____ _____ _ 27. 5S3.21 The funds will be expended at the rate of approximately $6,000 per month, and will probably be exhausted by October 31, 1928. Since the available funds are sufficient to restore the channel to a satisfactory condition, no additional funds can be profitably ex- pended during the fiscal year 1930. Conmmercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 3 to 6 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of oysters, clams, oyster shells, and piling, and were car- ried by motor vessels. The increase in tonnage and valuation was chiefly due to the increased receipts of oysters and clams. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1923 . 12,592 $690,983 1926- - 8, 549 $403, 158 1924.. 7,043 451,573 1927---- - -------- 11,465 711,725 1925.. ---- ---- 10,405 856,330 14710--EN 928------26 1C 400 RlEPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928_----------------- $60, 242. 16 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928---- -------------------- 68, 059. 96 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928--------1--28, 302. 12 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928__------------------------- 5. 33 .. Net total expenditures-____ __---.- -- -- ____ 128, 296. 79 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928__________- - - - 27, 583.21 -_____-____ Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928_----------__ 155, 880. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work .... .... ... ........ . -. Cost of maintenance------------- ---------------------------------------------- $954. 40 Total expended ----------------------13, 722. 85 $9527 $18, 892. 06 $7. 30 949. 07 Allotted . ... ...-..... ... _ . .. 13, 000. 00 5,000 00 6, 500 00 7,500 00 20, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 $8, 532.28 Amount transferred from other works- ---------- 20, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for------------------------28, 532. 28 Gross amount expended -------------------------------------- 949. 07 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 ---------------- --- 27, 583.21 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928 -------------------- $5. 33 Amount covered by uncompleted c rtracts_ ___ 25, 594. 80 25, 600. 13 Balance available June 30, 1928--- 983. 08 1----------------------- 14. TOMS RIVER, N. J. Location and description.-Thisriver rises in Ocean Counrty, N. J., flows easterly 19 miles, and empties into Barnegat Bay, about 11 miles north of Barnegat Inlet. The drainage area is 166 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 101/2 miles. At the lower end of the project the width is 1,000 feet, and at the two bridges over the Forks near the village of Toms River, 50 feet and 75 feet, re- spectively. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1216.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow and obstructed by numerous shoals in the upper section. The controlling depth was 5 feet for 41/ miles and 21/2 feet to the village of Toms River, the head of navigation, 5 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.--None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 5 feet deei ) at mean low water, 100 feet wide from deep water in the river up to the Forks. a distance of 2,900 feet, and thence the full widths of the two branches, respectively, 400 feet and 600 feet, to the bridges at Toms River. The length of the section included in the project is about 3,500 feet, and the lower end is about 41/3 miles from the mouth. The mean range of tide is about 6 inches; the extreme tidal range is about 18 inches. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1907, was $10.050. The latest (1907) alpproved estimate for an 1,1l cost of I(ERS AND RARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 401 maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 346, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1891, page 1116. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Termirnal facilities.-There are 7 wharves and 2 marine railways on this river, of which 5 wharves are of pile and timber and 2 of con- crete construction. Six wharves are publicly and 1 privately owned. The latter is open to public use upon payment of moderate wharfage. There is indirect railroad connection with several of the wharves. The wharfage facilities are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Increased transportation facilities are afforded, resulting in a large increase of traffic, particularly of pleas- ure craft and passenger business. No effect on freight rates is known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No active opera- tions were in progress. Examinations of the improved channel were made. The cost of making examinations and of office expenses was $919.48, for maintenance, the total expenditures being the same. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The project was completed in 1911. The controlling depth at mean low water on June 30, 1928. was 3 feet in the north and south forks and from their junction to the mouth. The costs of the existing project to date are $10,050 for new work and $5,199.50 for maintenance, a total of $15,249.50. the total expenditures being the same. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The channel is considered to be in a satisfactory condition to meet the needs of existing commerce, and, accordingly, no funds can be profitably ex- pended during the fiscal year 1930. Commercial statistics.--The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 3 to 5 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of building material, gasoline and oils, provisions and general merchandise, and were carried by motor vessels. There was a slight decrease in tonnage and valuation due to decreased ship- ments of provisions. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1923________ 1,081 $139, 960 24,234 1926 ......... 826 $226, 075 17, 831 1924 827 107, 960 21, 123 1927-.......... 712 172, 100 9, 696 1925_______.. 807 160, 720 20, 484 Cost and financial sunbmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 ----------------------------- $10, 050. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928__ __-_________--______- 5, 199. 50 Total cost of permanent work to June 30. 1928_-1________-----_ 15, 249. 50 Net total expenditures_- -- -- -- -- -- 15, 249. 50 IUnexpended balance June 30, 1928_ 1111111111111. 50 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------- 15, 250. 00 402 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work - . -- ..... Cost of maintenance .. . .. $... 48 $919. Total expended---- $273. 50 ------------ $6.52 919. 48 - Allotted _.....-..... . .. ......$10, 00 .. _.. .0.0._0. _ -- 00-3, 00__0 p_. Balance unexpended July 1, 1927---------------------------- $4, 719. 98 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment-----------------3, 800. 00 Net amount to be accounted for--------------------------------919. 98 Gross amount expended ---------------------------- $919. 98 Less receipts from sales-----------------_---_____ .50 - 919. 48 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928-------------------------------- .50 15. CHESTER RIVER, PA. Location and description.-This river rises in Chester County, Pa.. flows southeasterly 22 miles, and empties into the Delaware River at the city of Chester, Pa. The drainage area is 67 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 4 miles. At the mouth the high and low water widths are 100 feet and 75 feet, respectively. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 295.) Original condition.-The entrance was obstructed by a bar of soft material, over which there was a channel depth of 4 feet at mean low water. Inside the entrance the waterway was navigable for large craft of 6 feet draft as far as the fixed bridge at Third Street, a dis- tance of 1,600 feet above the mouth. . Navigation was limited to barges upstream from the low, fixed bridge to Upland, a farther dis- tance of about 2 miles. The minimum usable depth was 3 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881. Resumption of the work of main- tenance was authorized by Congress in the river and harbor act of July 27, 1916. The cost and expenditures on previous projects prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1919), were $6,062.98, $6,000 being for new work and $62.98 for maintenance. For scope of previous projects see page 430, Annual Report for 1918. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep at mean low water and 60 feet wide from the Delaware River to the Phila- delphia & Reading Railroad bridge, and thence 50 feet wide to Sec- ond Street Bridge, Chester, Pa. The length of the section included in the project is about 1.000 feet. The mean range of tide is 6 feet and the extreme range is about 10 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1911, is $3,600, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1911) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $550. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2. 1919 (H. Doc. No. 677, 62d Cong.. 2d sees.). The latest published map is in that document. Recomnmnended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. RIVERS AND HARBORS -WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 403 Terminal facilities.-There are 13 wharves on this stream, one of which is of concrete construction and open to public use; the others are of pile and timber construction, privately owned, and are open to public use upon the payment of moderate wharfage. They are indirectly connected with two railroad lines. The terminal facilities are adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of inmprovenent.-No work has been done on the existing project and no information is available as to the effect of the im- provement under the previous project, which was completed in 1883. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No operations were in progress. The cost of making examination of the channel and of office expenses was $250, for maintenance, the total expenditures being the same. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The previous project was com- pleted in 1883. No dredging has been done under the existing proj- ect. The controlling depth at mean low water on June 30, 1928, was about 4 feet. The total cost of the existing project to date is $587.28, for maintenance, the total expenditures being the same. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. There is no pres- ent demand for the completion' of this project, the channel being in a satisfactory condition to meet the needs of existing commerce, and, accordingly, no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930. Commercial statistics. The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 4 to 8 feet. The commodities of commerce for the calendar year con- sisted of coal, farm produce, and empty baskets. The commodities were carried by motor vessels and barges. The decrease in valuation was due to the decreased receipts of items of higher quality. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1923_4,954 $166,006 1926 ---------------------- 4, 468 $123, 823 1924_ . ___..------ 8,058 168,821 1927 . .........--------------------4,391 96, 445 1925_ _ _ _ 3, 488 136,266 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928------------------------------- $6, 000. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928----------------------------650. 26 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928--------------6, 650. 26 Net total expenditures-------------------------------------- 6, 650. 26 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-------------------- 6, 650. 26 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work------------------------- Cost o: maintenance--------------------------------- $250. 00 Total expended...- --------.... . 1.68 $1. 35 $88.23 250.00 Allotted-----------------------------------..--------------------------30.0- . 404 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927 ------------------------------------------------- 250. 00 Gross amount expended------------------------------------------- 250. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project --------------------------------------------- 3, 600. 00 16. WILMINGTON HARBOR, DEL. Location and description.-This harbor is formed by the Chris- tiana River, which rises in New Castle County, Del., flows north- easterly 16 miles, passing through the city of Wilmington, Del., and empties into the Delaware River about 29 miles below Philadelphia. Pa. The drainage area is about 523 square miles. The mean tidal discharge at low-water stages at the mouth, from observations made in 1895, is 6,794 second-feet, and the mean tidal discharge at high- water stages at the same locality is 7,760 second-feet. The length of the tidal reach is about 16 miles. At the mouth and at Christiana village the high-water widths are 1,000 feet and 60 feet; the low- water widths at the same points are 750 feet and 50 feet. About 11/ miles above its mouth it is joined by the Brandywine River, which is navigable for about a mile. (See U, S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 294.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow and irregular, ob- structed by a bar at the mouth and by numerous shoals within the river. The available low-water depth was not sufficient for large draft commercial boats, which made it necessary to await high tide. The channel depth at the mouth was 81/2 feet at mean low water; at the pulp works, about 4 miles above the mouth, 71/2 feet; at Newport, about 9 miles above the mouth, 51/ feet, and at Christiana village, the head of navigation, 15 miles above the mouth, about 2 feet. Previous projects.-Work was done on the Christiana River from 1836 to 1838. The original project was adopted by act of July 11, 1870, and modified by acts of March 3, 1881, and July 5, 1884. The cost and expenditures on previous projects prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1897) were $402,121.21 for new work. For scope of previous projects see page 1785 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a harbor at the mouth of the river with an entrance channel 25 feet deep at mean low water and 400 feet wide, an inner basin of the same depth approximately 4,400 feet long, and averaging 600 feet in width, or about 70 acres in area, and extending upstream from the entrance channel at the mouth of the river to the Lobdell Canal. From the Lobdell Canal the chan- nel extends upstream 21 feet deep at mean low water and 250 feet wide to the mouth of the Brandywine River, a distance of 1.6 miles from the mouth of the Christiana, thence 200 feet wide to the pulp works, 4 miles above the mouth, thence decreasing to a depth of 10 feet to the Philadelphia, Baltimore & Washington Railroad bridge No. 4, thence decreasing to a depth of 7 feet and a width of 100 feet to Newport, Del., 83/4 miles above the mouth; the construction of two jetties at the mouth of the Christiana River and one at the mouth of the Brandywine River. The north jetty is a curved, stone-filled pile and timber crib 2,150 feet long. The jetty at the mouth of the Brandywine is also a stone-filled pile and timber crib V-shaped, 430 RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 405 feet long on the Brandywine side, and 260 feet long on the Chris- tiana side. The section included in the project is about 9 miles long, including about 1,800 feet outside the mouth. The mean range of tide is 6 feet at the mouth and 5.4 feet at Newport. The extreme range of tide is from 2 feet below mean low water to 31/2 feet above mean high water. The estimate cost of the 25-foot section of the channel, made in 1921, was $396,000. (Estimate for entire project, as revised in 1925, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects, $872,625). The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $250,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, as modified by the act of March 3, 1899, provided for depths of 21, 10, and 7 feet, and for the jetties (H. Doc. No. 66, 54th Cong., 1st sess.; Annual Report for 1896, p. 973; and Annual Report for 1897, p. 1250) ; the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the purchase or construction of a dredge and auxili- aries, including a wharf and depot, for maintenance of the project (H. Doc. No. 359, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. No. 114, 67th Cong., 1st sess.), amended by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1925 (S. Com. Print, 68th Cong., 1st sess.), provided for the entrance channel and basin 25 feet deep and construction of new south jetty. The latest published map of the entire harbor is in House Docu- ment No. 66, Fifty-fourth Congress, first session. A map of the 25-foot section of the harbor is published in House Document No. 114, Sixty-seventh Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--By an act of the Delaware State Legislature passed March 9, 1901, the city of Wilmington was authorized to con- tribute toward the improvement of Wilmington Harbor to the amount of 10 per cent of the United States Government appropria- tion to an aggregate not exceeding $60,000. This amount has been contributed. The river and harbor act approved September 22, 1922, amended by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1925, requires that the city of Wilmington, Del., or other local agency, shall construct the south jetty. This jetty has been constructed for a distance of 460 feet by the city of Wilmington, Del., 1,890 feet yet remaining to be constructed. It was not deemed necessary that this remaining por- tion of the south jetty be built at the present time. Terminal facilities.-A marine terminal to serve ocean and coast- wise vessels was completed in 1923 by the harbor commission of Wilmington. It consists of a concrete quay wall about 1,200 feet long, with warehouses and freight-handling devices. It is directly connected with all railroads entering the city. There is also a prac- tically continuous series of wharves or terminals on both sides of the Christiana River from the plant of the American Car & Foundry Co. to the Jessup & Moore Paper Co., a total length of about 2 miles. The harbor facilities consist of wharves, marine railways, dry docks, shipyards, and terminal warehouses equipped with handling appli- ances. With the exception of one masonry and five concrete all the wharves served by this improvement are of pile and timber construc- 406 I1EPORT OF CHIjEF OF ENGIIEERS, TJ. S. ARMY, 19 2 8 tion. Some of the wharves are public and open to general public use; some are public, but leased by periods by private concerns and used exclusively by them; some are private and open to all on equal terms; some are privately owned and used exclusively; and one is owned by the United States, and used in connection with dredge depot. Many of the wharves or terminals have direct railroad and transfer facilities. The facilities are adequate for existing com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 4, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of im~nprovenent.-The transportation of water-borne freight of all classes at rates slightly less than by rail has been facili- tated. The increased channel depths at the mouth has made the movement of deep-draft vessels easier and has resulted in increasing the size and draft of vessels utilizing the Wilmington Terminal. The improvement has facilitated the interchange of freight from water carriage to land carriage, or vice versa. Operationsand results during the fiscal year.-The channel between deep water in the Delaware River and the Wilmington Marine Ter- minal (Lobdell's Canal) was twice restored to project depth, 25 feet. The U. S. dredge Atlantic worked from November 3, 1927, to January 5, 1928, removing 362,359 cubic yards, bin measurement, and the U. S. dredge Win. T.Rossell worked from April 30 to June 15, 1928, removing 478,399 cubic yards, place measurement. The shops at Wilmington were operated in making repairs, additions, and replace- ments to floating plant and equipment for the various improvements in the district until April 30, 1928, when they were closed. The total cost of all work was $136,742.67 for maintenance. The total expendi- tures were - $80,158.67. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Excepting the construction of the remaining portion of the south jetty by the city of Wilmington, Del., or other local agency, the project was completed in 1924, at a saving of $102,300 under the estimated cost. On June 30, 1928, the controlling depth from the Delaware River to the Wilmington Marine Terminal (Lobdell's Canal) was 25 feet. On November 30, 1927, the controlling depth from Lobdell's Canal to the pulp works was 15 feet; thence 6 feet to Newport. The total costs of the existing project to date are $770,239.16 for new work and $1,969,956.78 for maintenance, a total of $2,740,195.94. The total expenditures are $2,733,294.60. In addition, $60,000 has been contributed by the city of Wilmington and expended for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance will be applied to the payment of outstanding obligations, to maintenance of the chan- nel between the Delaware River and Wilmington Terminal, and to repairs to the north jetty at the mouth of the Christiana River, as follows: Outstanding obligations -------------------------------------- $77, 133.08 Restoring sides of channel, 400,000 cubic yards, at 35 cents (contract)--------------------------------------- 140, 000. 00 Repairs to jetty (contract) ------------------------------------ 12, 000. 00 Engineering and overhead----------------------------- --------- 13, 900.42 Total--------------------------------------------------- 243, 033. 50 The funds will be expended at the rate of approximately $50,000 per month, and will probably be exhausted by December 1, 1928. RIVERS AND HIARBORS--WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 407 The sum of $250,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930 in maintenance of the project, as follows: Operation of United States hopper dredge, 4 months at $35,000------- $140, 000 Dredging, from Lobdells Canal to upper limit of project, removing obstructive shoals only, by contract, 200.000 cubic yards, at 50 cents _-- cet--------------------------------------1000 - - - - - - - -__ 100, 000 Engineering and overhead------------------------------------ 10, 000 Total ----------- ---------------------------- 250, 000 The amount named for maintenance during the fiscal year 1930 is larger than the average expended for that purpose during the last five years on account of the fact that a greater amount of dredg- ing is rendered necessary by the 25-foot project of 1922, completed during September, 1924, in which the rate of shoaling is much greater than has been prevalent heretofore; and it is necessary, also, to restore the project dimensions in the river, where no work has been done for several years, from Lobdells Canal to the upper limit ofthe project, and where the deterioration has been cumulative. C omimercial statistics.-The water-borne traffic reported for the calendar year 1927, exclusive of cargoes in transit and ferry traffic, amounted to 735,900 tons, valued at $52,730,730. There has been a material increase in the amount of traffic in foreign and coastwise commerce. Foreign exports consisted principally of pyrites, steel cars, and machinery. Imports consisted of quebracho logs, que- bracho extract, asbestos products, and barytes. The coastwise com- merce consisted mainly of lumber, stone, iron, and steel. The internal commerce consisted principally of pulpwood, sugar, hides and skins, gasoline and oils, chemicals, sand and gravel, and general merchan- dise. The usual draft of vessels utilized in carrying freight in foreign and coastwise trade was from 12 to 24 feet. The remainder of the traffic on the waterway was carried by steamers, motor vessels, barges, and lighters. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1923-------- 1 731, 871 $412, 103, 203 2 3,179, 985 - -- 1926__ 1860,145 $305, 031,323 2 1,582,145 1924....... 761,175 257,754,123 2 2, 096, 804 1927 - -.. 984, 047 300, 184, 730 21, 432, 842 1925........1 1,020,739 428, 133, 674 2 2282, 574 1 Includes ferry traffic. 2 Includes passengers carried by ferry. Cost and finanoial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928_-.__- __------------ $1,172, 360. 37 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928-------------------- _ 1, 969, 956. 78 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928----------- 3, 142, 317. 15 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928 8, 245. 84 6---------- Net total cost to June 30, 1928__------------------------ 3,210, 562.99 Add accounts receivable June 30, 1928- , 948. 81 1------------------------- Gross total costs to June 30, 1928----------------- -- 3, 212, 511. 80 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928------------ ----- 77, 095. 99 Net total expenditures --------------- 3,135,415.81 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 ---- ------------ 243, 033. 50 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------ 3, 378, 449. 31 408 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Fiscal year ending.June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work- - Cost otmaintenance-------------------------------------- ----------------- --- $136, 742.6.7 Total expended-------------..---.. ......... $376, 724. 47 $397, 144.66 $149, 568. 98 $185, 75.31 -80, 158. 67 Allotted..............------------------.......--...-------100,000. 00 155, 000. 00 275, 000. 00 147, 500.00 -20, 278. 50 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927__________--------------------------- $183, 153.33 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928--------------------------------------- 125, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for -- ,-_-__-__ 308, 153.33 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment_-... ___-___ 145, 278. 50 Net amount .to be accounted for-___ ------ 162, 874. 83 Gross amount expended------------------- -- $66, 345. 08 Less receipts from sales ..------------------------ 146, 503. 75 -80, 158. 67 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 -------------------------- 243, 033. 50 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928--------------------------77, 133. 08 Balance available June 30, 1928_______________________________ 165, 900.42 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance '____ ________________________ 250, 000.00 17. INLAND WATERWAY FROM DELAWARE RIVER TO CHESAPEAKE BAY, DEL. AND MD. Location and description.-This waterway, usually known as the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, is a sea-level canal, extending from Reedy Point on the Delaware River, about 41 miles below Phila- delphia, Pa., to the junction of Back Creek and Elk River, about 4 miles west of Chesapeake City, Md., a distance of about 19 miles, with a branch channel extending from Delaware City, Del., for a distance of 1.8 miles to the junction with the channel from Reedy Point, Del. The drainage area is about 65 square miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 294 and 1226.) SOriginal condition.-Priorto the adoption of the existing project, which marked the initiation of the work of improvement by the United States, this waterway was private property, which was opened to navigation as a toll canal on July 4, 1829. The locks, originally 100 feet in length and 22 feet in width, were later enlarged to 220 feet in length and 24 feet in width. The total original cost of the canal was $2,250,000 of which $450,000 was paid by the United States, $100,000 by the State of Pennsylvania, $50,000 by the State of Maryland, $25,000 by the State of Delaware, and the remainder by citizens of the three States. The work of construction was done by the Chesapeake & Delaware Canal Co. The minimum usable depth at mean low water was 10 feet, and the, controlling width 24 feet, which was determined by the width of the locks. The channel generally had a depth of 10 feet, a bottom width of 36 feet, and a surface width of 66 feet at full-pond level. The waterway was navigabte for steamers and other craft drawing 9 feet for its full length of 17.9 miles. ' Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AlNDI HARBORS WILMIIGTONy DEL., DISTRICT 409 Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the purchase of the Chesa- peake & Delaware Canal at a cost to the United States not exceeding $2,514,289.70; its enlargement, following the present route, except for about 1 mile at the eastern end, to a sea-level canal 12 feet deep at mean low water and 90 feet wide, with an approach at the Delas ware River end 150 feet wide, protected by two jetties; a channel in Back Creek 12 feet deep at mean low water and 1&0 feet wide, in- cluding the elimination of sharp bends; a branch channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 36 feet wide, following the old route at the eastern end; the construction of highway bridges across the canal at Delaware City, Reedy Point, St. Georges, and Summit, Del., and Chesapeake City, Md.; the construction of a railroad bridge across the canal at Canal Station, Del.; the construction of a highway bridge across Back Creek, Md., near Chesapeake City, Md.; the con- struction and maintenance of a ferry at Bethel, Md.; and the con- struction of highways on both sides of the canal from "Chesapeake City to Bethel, Md. The construction of the highways and of the bridge across Back Creek, Md., is conditioned on the proper authori- ties of the State of Maryland and of Cecil County, Md., releasing the United States from all obligations to construct a highway bridge across the canal at Bethel, Md., and to maintain the high- ways and bridge across Back Creek to be constructed by the United States. The jetties are rubble mounds on fascine mattresses 650 feet apart at the shore ends and flaring to 800 feet apart at their outer ends. The north jetty is 1,460 feet .long and the south jetty is 1,320 feet long. The length of the channel included in the project is about 21 miles. The mean range of tide at Delaware City, Del., is 51/2 feet, and at Chesapeake City, Md., 2.4 feet. The extreme range of tide is from 312 feet above mean high water to 2 feet below mean low water. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1923, is $9,500,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 196, 63d Cong., 1st sess.), and modified by the river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, which pro- vided for certain roadways, the bridge across Back Creek, and the ferry at Bethel. The latest published map is found in Senate Docu- ment No. 215, Fifty-ninth Congress, second session. Recom ended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The modification of the project made by the river and harbor act of January 21, 1927, provides that the proper authorities of the State of Maryland and of the county of Cecil, Md., shall release the United States from all obligations to con- struct a highway bridge at Bethel, Md., and shall assume the main- tenance of the bridge over Back Creek and the concrete roads to be constructed by the United States in lieu thereof. The agreement was signed by the commissioners of Cecil County, May 7; by the State Roads Commission of Maryland, May 12; and by the Acting Secretary of War, May 25, 1927. Under agreement with the Pennsylvania Railroad system, that company agreed to construct a new bridge for the tracks of its Delaware division across the canal, the railroad company to pay 410 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 one-third of the cost and the United States to pay two-thirds of the cost of the structure. The bridge was.completed in 1928, at a cost of $829,000. Terminal facilities.-Other than a freight station maintained at Chesapeake City by the Baltimore & Philadelphia Steamboat Co., for which no charges for wharfage are made, there are no terminal facilities on the canal. To provide adequate facilities, docks, wharves, and mooring facilities should be provided at Delaware City, St. Georges, and Chesapeake City, and a mooring basin at Reedy Point. Effect of improvement.-The opening of the canal at sea level to navigation within the limits of the dimensions authorized under the project has resulted in increasing the number and size of vessels passing through. New vessels to take advantage of the increased facilities are being constructed. Freight rates have been lowered as a result of increased competition between carriers. Its effect on rail rates is to hold them at a minimum. Operations and results during the fscal year.-The Pennsylvania Railroad Co. completed its bridge over the canal. The Fifth Street Ilighway Bridge over the branch channel at Delaware City was repaired, and the foundations strengthened to accommodate the 6-foot channel. The horizontal distance between piers at Summit Bridge was restored by removing fill behind piers and jetting along faces, and pulling the piers back into position. New work dredging was commenced September 27, 1927, and con- tinued to December 8, 1927, when the contractor abandoned the work. Work was resumed by the U. S. dredge Mantua on January 3, 1928. and completed May 3, 1928. The total quantity of material exca- vated was 176,075 cubic yards, place measurement. A channel 6 feet deep at mean low water and 50 feet wide was dredged from the 6-foot curve in the Delaware River to the 12-foot channel in the Chesa- peake and Delaware Canal. The U. S. dredge Mantua was engaged in improvement and maintenance dredging at the Delaware River end of the branch channel from May 4 to June 14, 1928, 34,297 cubic yards of material being removed. The U. S. dredge Minquas was operated from July 1, 1927, to April 30, 1928, in maintenance dredging of the channel between the Delaware River and Reedy Point Highway Bridge, 397,174 cubic yards, bin measurement, being removed. Under leases with the Atlantic, Gulf & Pacific Co., dated Sep- tember 14, 1927, and January 7, 1928, the hydraulic dredge Cape May, and attendant plant, was operated from October 19, 1927, to March 31, 1928, in removing slides on both sides of channel in the Deep Cut west of Summit Bridge, removing 399,978 cubic yards of material. Contract with the Atlantic, Gulf & Pacific Co. was entered into May 25, 1928, for hire of dredge Cape May, with attendant plant and booster, for a period of from four to six months, at $2,290 per day. At the close of the year the contract had not been approved. Proposals for redredging 10.7 miles of canal from Reedy Point highway bridge to Back Creek, excepting about 2.1 miles in the Deep Cut section, were opened June 25, 1928, and award of contract to the Atlantic, Gulf & Pacific Co., at 59.8 cents per cubic yard recom- mended. Specifications for construction of 3.92 .miles of concrete road between Chesapeake City and the village of Bethel, Md., were issued June 26, to be opened July 27, 1928. RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 411 Three 13-pile dolphins were driven at the western end of Delaware City branch channel, and automatic tide gauges installed at Reedy Point, BiddIes Point, Summit Bridge, and Chesapeake City. Hired labor force removed obstructions from the channel and placed 6,810 tons of stone at critical places along the canal banks. The capacity and efficiency of Guthries Run disposal area was in- creased and additional spillways built. Dilapidated structures at the old lock entrance at Delaware City were removed. The ap- proaches at Reedy Point and St. Georges bridges were graded and sodded, and graded at Chesapeake City bridge. Approximately 50 acres of slide area along the south bank of the canal west of Summit bridge were cleared of trees and stumps during the period from October, 1927, to March 23, 1928. A shoal in the channel at Lore- wood Grove was removed by derrick boat No. 1. Mooring dolphins were placed east of St. Georges and Reedy Point bridges, and five dolphins at Chesapeake City bridge repaired. Miscellaneous survey work was in progress at various localities along the canal in connection with maintenance and improvement operations. The cost was $152,535.62 for new work and $673,843.46 for mainte- nance, a total of $826,379.08. The total expenditures were $883,460.85. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 96 per cent of the existing project has been completed. The remaining portion is the construc- tion of a new highway bridge at Delaware .City over the old canal entrance, construction of roadways, bridge, and ferry approaches in lieu of the reconstruction of Pivot Bridge, Md., and other minor operations for improvement. The controlling depth on June 30, 1928, was 81/, feet at mean low water (Delaware River datum), but boats drawing 101/2 feet were using the waterway without material difficulty by taking advantage of the tides. The controlling depth in the Delaware City Branch Channel was 6 feet at mean low water. The costs to date of the existing project, including $2,514,289.70 for purchase of the canal, are $9,937,552.89 for new work and $1,083,- 843.46 for maintenance, a total of $11,021,396.35. The total expendi- tures were $11,353,478.12. Proposed operatioms.-The unexpended balance will be applied to the payment of outstanding obligations and to maintenance and im- provement dredging of the waterway as follows: Maintenance : Outstanding liabilities----------------------- $25, 268. 75 Dredging, by contract, 550,000 cubit: yards, at 59.8 ce 328, 9C0. 00l __ts- Hire of dredge, 100 days, at $2,290 ------------------------- 229, 000. 0: Removal of trees and stones fr om slides, annd restoration of disposal areas ------------------------------------------ 25, 00. 00 Construction and repair of revetments, remoival of obstruc- tions to navigation, and other miscellaneous works-------- 125. 000. 00 Engincering, overhead, and contingencies___------ -114, 517. 33 847, 686.08 New work: Construction of concrete road, by cointr'act, 4 miles (00. 00 $---------------------------------- Field depot, docks, and wharves 75. 000. 00 -200, 000. 00 1, 047, 686. 08 412 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERSB U. S- ARMY, 1928 The fnrids will be expended at the rate of approximately $200,000 per month and will probably be exhausted by December 1, 1928. The sum of $1,000,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930 in maintenance and improvement of the project as follows: Maintenance: Miscellaneous dredging, 300,000 cubic yards, at 60 cents---------- $180, 000 Operating hired dredge at Summit, 6 months, at $60,000-.------ 360, 000 Construction and repair of revetments, removal of obstructions to navigation, and debris, and other miscellaneous works--.-.. 40, 000 Engineering Engineering and overhead__--- adoehd ---------- =------------------120, 000 120, 000 700, 00) New work: Bethel Ferry 25, 000 $-------------------------- Bridge over Back Creek-- 75, 000 Building dike on north side of canal 50, 000 1------------------ Revetting Delaware City entrance -------- ----- 50, 000 300, 000 Total--------------------------------------------------- 1, 000, 000 Commercial statistics. The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 6 to 10 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of' acids, coal, fertilizer, sugar, pulp wood, canned goods, pyrites, metals, and general merchandise. The commerce was car- ried by steamers, motor vessels and barges. This waterway is a link of the intraeoastl waterway and is used by numerous yachts in their movrement between northern and southern points. Comparatire statem ent Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1923 ....... 770. 512 $46, 751.060 44, 800 - ___ 1926.... 609, 706 $37, 088, 808 30, 662 1924 --.... 683,206 42, 086, 886 44, 759 1927 --- 608,466 44, 443, 481 33,512 1925 _____ 727, 441 36, 754, 055 45, 561 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 937, 552. 89 $----------------------- Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 083, 843. 46 1--------------------------. Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928----------- 11, 021, 396. 35 Value of plant, imaterials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928------------ 348, 543. 66 Net total cost to June 30, 1928------------------------- 11, 369, 940. 01 Add accounts receivable June 30, 1928 ------------------------- 8, 184. 03 Gross total costs to June 30, 1928--------------------- 11,378, 124. 04 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928 ------------------------- 24, 645. )2 Net total expenditures------------------------------11, 353, 478. 12 U'_expended balance June 30. 1928.__- ____________________ 1, 047, 686. 08 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 12, 401, 164. 20 RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTONy DEL., DISTRICT 413 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work.......__ ... - ............................. $152, 535. 62 Cost of maintenance_...____.... ._....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 673,843.46 Total cost____________---_ ------------- - --.--- ... - ------ . -------. -- 826,379.08 Total expended ___-____ ... $1, 962, 796. 62 $2, 534, 235. 64 $1, 874, 908. 43 $856, 503. 59 883, '460. 85 Allotted ... .. ... 850, 000.00 2, 500,000.00 275, 000.00 640, 000. 00 1, 636,164. 20 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927__ Amount allotted from War Department appropria- -, $294, 982. 73 tion act approved Mar. 23, 1928--------------- $1, 000,000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropria- tion act approved Feb. 23, 1927---------- I_-_ 596, 664. 20 Amount allotted from War Department appropria- tion act approved Apr. 15, 1926_-- ... . 39, 500. 00 1, 636, 64. 20 Net amount to be accounted for__ . 1;931, 146.93 Gross amount expended_ -_______________ $890, 934. 57 Less receipts from sales --.---..------- _-.- --- 7, 473. 72 883, 460. 85 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928_____- _______ 1,047, 686. 08 Outstanding liabilities June 30 ,1928------------- $25, 268. 75 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts--------- 557, 900. 00 583, 168. 75 Balance available June 30, 1928-------------------------- 464, 517. 33 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project. ----------------------------------------- Indefinite. Amount that can be profitably expended, in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930: For new work ------------------------------------------ 300, 000. 00 For maintenance -- ---- --------- 700, 000.00 Total 1----------------------------- ------- 1, 000, 000. 00 18. OPERATING AND CARE OF INLAND WATERWAY FROM DELAWARE RIVER TO CHESAPEAKE BAY, DEL. AND MD. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms the project for inland waterway from Delaware River to Chesapeake Bay, Del. and Md. See pages 408 to 413, where general information regarding the improvement can be found. The canal has been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since August 13, 1919. Operations and results during the fiscal year.--The canal was open to navigation throughout the year. The lift spans of the Government highway bridges at Chesapeake City, St. Georges, Summit, and Reedy Point were lifted 6,204, 6,857, 113, and 7,296 times, respectively. The Pennsylvania bridge crossing the water- way was operated throughout the year. The drawbridge over the Delaware City Branch Channel was also operated during the year. Hired labor was employed in making ordinary repairs to the bridges, 1 Exclusive of available funds. 414 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 and maintenance and improvement of the buildings and grounds in their vicinity. The total cost was $81,813.15. The total expendi- tures were $42,845.43. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The canal was purchased by the United States in August, 1919, at a cost of $2,514,289.70. The con- trolling depth on June 30, 1928, was 81 feet at mean low water (Delaware River datum), but boats drawing 101/ feet were using the waterway without material difficulty by taking advantage of the tides. The controlling depth in the Delaware City Branch Channel was 6 feet at mean low water. The total cost to date of operation, maintenance, repairs, etc., is $1,755,982.54. The total expenditures are $1,748,014.82. Proposed operations.-The highway bridges, and ferry barge or rowboat, at site of Maryland pivot bridge (removed), will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appropriation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. 19. APPOQUINIMINK RIVER, DEL. Location and description.-This river rises on the Maryland-Dela- ware divide, flows 13 miles in an easterly direction through New Castle County, Del., and empties into the Delaware River about 50 miles below Philadelphia, Pa. The drainage area is about 42 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 9 miles. At the mouth and at Odessa the high-water widths are 230 feet and 130 feet, respectively; the low-water widths at the same points are 200 feet and 100 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 294.) Original condition.-There were numerous sharp bends, a broad bar outside the mouth, over which there 'was a depth of 2 feet, and in the river an available depth of 4 feet. The head of navigation for steamboats was at Odessa, 8/ miles from the mouth. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep at mean low water 100 feet wide from the mouth to new (Fennimores) bridge, a distance of 5 miles, and 80 feet wide, thence to Odessa, a farther distance of 314 miles, including five cut-offs, which shortened the distance 1.5 miles. The length of the section included in the project is about 6% miles. The mean range of tide at Rock Land- ing, about 1 mile inside the mouth, is 5.2 feet, at Fennimores Bridge 4.2 feet, and at Odessa 3.3 feet. The extreme range of tide is from 2 feet below mean low water to 2 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1889, is $39,963. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890 (H. Doc. No. 19, 51st Cong., 1st sess., and An- nual Report for 1890, p. 943). The latest published map is in House Document No. 149, Sixty-third Congress, fir t session. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.--The land necessary for the fie lut-offs made was donated voluntarily by propierty owners affected. Tile to four RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRIOT 415 cut-offs was approved by the Department of Justice under date of August 9, 1898, and the fifth in 1900. Consent of the State of Dela- ware was given to cutting a public road at one of the cut-offs by act of the legislature dated March 7, 1901. The necessary bridge was constructed by the authorities of New Castle County. Terminal facilities.-There are four privately owned wharves or landings, one of which is open to public use upon payment of mod- erate wharfage. All of the wharves are of pile and timber construc- tion and have no railroad connection. The terminal facilities are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of ter- minal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of imqprovement.-Itgives a greater ease of vessel movement at all stages of the tide, except on the bar outside of the mouth, where boats must wait for the tide. No effect on freight rates is known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No operations were in progress. The cost of making examination of the channel and of office expenses was $375 for maintenance, the total expenditures being the same. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 93 per cent of the project has been completed. The remaining work, the widening of the chan- nel from 60 to 80 feet and deepening it from 7 to 8 feet, is unim- portant and beyond the demands of commerce. The controlling depth at mean low water on June 30, 1928, was 2.2 feet from the Delaware River to the mouth, and thence 4.6 feet to Odessa. The costs of the existing project to date are $36,973.35 for new work and $40,998.56 for maintenance, a total of $77,971.91, the total expendi- tures being the same. Proposed operations.-Nofunds are available. The channel is con- sidered to be in a satisfactory condition to meet the needs of existing commerce,, and, accordingly, no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 4 to 8 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of tomatoes, gasoline, canned goods, coal, and fertilizer. The commerce was carried by motor vessels, barges, and lighters. The increase in tonnage and valuation was due to a general increase in receipts and shipments of the principal commodities. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1923---.................... 12,540 $71,838 1926---------------................------..... 3, 839 $150, 746 1924 ... ................---------------------- 3, 766 130,736 1927........ ............. 6,924 180,624 1925....................... 2, 876 76,175 Cost and financial snummary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928_------------------------- $36, 973.35 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------- 40, 998. 56 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------- 77, 971.91 Net total erpenditures_------------------------------------- 77, 971. 91 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928___ ---------- 77, 971. 91 14710-ENG 1928-----27 416 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work....--------------- Cost of maintenance--......-----.... ----------- ------------ ------------------------------.............------------ --------$375.00 Total expended..------------------------- $29. 86 $10, 126.87 $138.27 ------------ 375.00 Allotted- ---.--..-.---------------------- 10,000.00 ---------------------------------- 375.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927------------------------------------------- $375. 00 Gross amount expended--------- ----------------------------- 375. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -------------------------------- 3, 000. 00 20. SMYRNA RIVER, DEL. Location and description.-This stream, formerly Duck Creek, rises on the Maryland-Delaware divide, flows 15 miles along the boundary line between New Castle and Kent Counties, Del., and empties into the Delaware Bay about 57 miles below Philadelphia, Pa. The drainage area is 91 square miles. No information is avail- able as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 11 miles. At the mouth and at Smyrna Landing the high-water widths are 300 feet and 100 feet, respectively; the low- water widths at the same points are 250 feet and 60 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 294.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow and tortuous, ob- structed by numerous shoals within the river and by a bar at the mouth. It did not meet the demands of commerce, as vessels were required to wait for high water to reach their destination. A chan- nel depth of 3 feet at mean low water was available over the bar outside the mouth, while upstream from that point the river was navigable for small steamers to Rothwells Landing, a distance of about 81/2 miles, and for small boats thence to Smyrna Landing, the head of navigation, 11 miles from the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 18, 1878, a second by the river and harbor act of August 11, 1888, and a third by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. This project was modified by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905. The cost and expenditures on previous projects prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1915) were $55,084.78 for new work and $22,722.85 for main- tenance, a total of $77,807.63. For scope of previous projects see page 1786, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 7 feet deep at mean low water, 100 feet wide across the bar outside the mouth, and 60 feet thence to Smyrna Landing, a distance of 10 miles, including three cut-offs which shortened the distance 1.2 miles, and the per- manent protection of the channel across the bar outside the mouth by stone-filled, pile, and timber-crib jetties. The north jetty is 803 feet long, and the projected length of the south jetty is 2,700 feet. The mean range of tide at the mouth is 6 feet, at Flemings Land- RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 417 ing, about halfway up the river, 4.2 feet, and at Smyrna Landing, the head of navigation, 31/2 feet. The extreme range of tide is from 1 foot below mean low water to 2 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $150,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 815, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in that document. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-As required by law, the land required for the necessary cut-offs was transferred to the United States 'free of cost and the title was approved December 11, 1915. Termrinal facilitses.-There are nine wharves and landings of pile and timber construction, all of which are privately owned, eight open to use by the general public and one for exclusive use. There are no direct railroad connections with any of the wharves. The terminals are adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of the terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Vessels can now operate at all stages of the tide, thus making it possible for them to handle perishable cargo. No effect on freight rates is known. Operationsand results during the fiscal year.-Maintenance dredg- ing under contract dated June 13, 1927, which was commenced June 23, 1927, was continued until October 13, 1927, when the contract was completed. As a result of this dredging, the channel was restored to the project depth of 7 feet at mean low water, 100 feet wide across the bar outside the mouth and thence 60 feet wide to about 100 feet above Prices Landing, 77,732 cubic yards of mud, sand, and gravel being removed. The cost was $18,933.98 for maintenance, the total expenditures being the same. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 53 per cent of the existing project has been completed. The uncompleted portion of the project includes the construction of the remainder of the south jetty, extend- ing its length from 1,204 feet to 2,700 feet, and the improvement of the channel to project dimensions for a short distance in the upper section of the river near Smyrna Landing. The controlling depth at mean low water on June 30, 1928, was 6.4 feet from Delaware Bay to the mouth, thence 4.5 feet to Prices Landing, and thence 1.6 feet to Smyrna Landing. The costs of the existing project to date are $80,302.05 for new work and $40,697.95 for maintenance, a total of $121,000, the total expenditures being the same. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The channel is considered to be in a satisfactory condition to meet the needs of existing commerce, and, accordingly, no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 6 to 8 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of fertihlizer materials, tomatoes, salt hay, and cinders, and were carried by motor vessels. The increase in tonnage and value was due mainly to the increased shipments of tomatoes. 418 RPMOiT OF CHIEF OF E n TEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1 2-3-................. 10, 692 $248, 637 1926-----......------...... . 6, 093 $91, 778 335,748 1927.---------------------8,146 _1924,------------------20,484 149,920 1925......-------- ----------- 8, 577 137,313 Cost and financial summary" Cost of new work to June 30, 1928------------------------ $135, 386. 83. Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 3, 420. 80 6------------------------ Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928-------------198, 807.63 Net total expenditures ---------- ___ 198, 807. 63 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928--------------------198, 807. 63 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work_ --...... . ..--- ---- ........ .------------------- Cost of maintenance--........-------...--..--------------------------. $18,933. 98 Total expended-.....__ --.... .___. ___) $45, 619. 99 $6, 222. 54 $143. 02 $387. 26 18, 933. 98 Allotted_______ ___------...---...-..-. 12, 000. 00 3, 000. 00 15, 000. 00 ..........------------.3, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927------------------- .. ------- $15, 933. 98 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927------------------------------------------- 7, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for -------------------- ------- 22, 933. 98 Deduction on account of transfer to Tuckerton Creek, N. J-------- 4, 000. 00 Gross amount expended--- --------------------------- 18, 933. 98 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -- -- ---------------------------------- 70, 000. 00 21. LEIPSIC RIVER, DEL. Location and description.-This river rises in Kent County, Del., flows easterly 19 miles, and empties into Delaware Bay about 38 =miles above Cape Henlopen. The drainage area is about 54 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 141/2 miles. At the mouth and at Garrisons Mill the high-water widths are 500 feet and 75 feet, respectively; the low-water widths at the same points are 450 feet and 60 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1218.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow and crooked, ob- structed between the mouth and the town of Leipsic, 121/2 miles, by many projecting shoals, over which there was an available depth of 5 feet. Above Leipsic for a distance of 4/ miles the channel depth ranged from 6 to 9 feet at mean low water, and thence to Garrisons Mill, an additional mile, there was an available depth of 2 feet. The head of navigation was the milldam at Garrisons Mill, 18 miles from the mouth. Previos projects.-None. RIVERS AND HAREORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRIOT 419 Ewisting project.-This provides for a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water and 50 feet wide through five cut-offs (which shortened the distance 3 miles) from the mouth to the town of Leipsic, a dis- tance of about 9 miles, and 5 feet deep and 40 feet wide, thence to Garrisons Mill, a farther distance of about 51/2 miles, including a turning basin and one cut-off, which shortened the distance one-half mile. The mean range of tide at the mouth is 51/2 feet, at Leipsic 3 feet, and at Garrisons Mill 21/2 feet. The extreme range of tide is from 1 foot below mean low water to 2 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work below Leipsic, made in 1909, was $18,500, and for the work above Leipsic, made in 1911, was $19,600, a total of $38,100. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The project for the work below Leipsic was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, and modified by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, by which act the project for the work above Leipsic was adopted (H. Does. Nos. 574, 61st Cong., 2d sess., with map, and 647, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map of a portion of the river is printed in House Document No. 574, Sixty-first Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-As required by law, the land required for the necessary cut-offs was transferred to the United States free of cost, and the United States was released from all claims for damages arising from the proposed diversion of the stream, and the title and releases were approved by the Assistant Secretary of War December 30, 1912, and by the Department of Justice May 21, 1913. Terminal facilities.-There are 11 wharves or landings of pile and timber construction, all of which are privately owned. All the wharves, with the exception of one, are open free to the public use, and it is open to the general public upon payment of moderate wharfage. There are no railroad connections with any of the ter- minals. The wharfage facilities are adequate for the existing com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-It has facilitated vessel movement and has invited additional production and traffic. No effect on freight rates is known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No operations were in progress. The cost of making examination of the channel and of office expenses was $524 for maintenance, the total expendi- tures being the same. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1914 at a saving of $1,144 under the estimated cost. The controlling depth at mean low water on June 30, 1928, was 6.8 feet between Delaware Bay and Leipsic and 21/2 feet between Leipsic and Garri- sons Mill. The costs of existing project to date are $36,956.06 for new work and $32,167.94 for maintenance, a total of $69,124, the total expenditures being the same. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The channel is con- sidered to be in a satisfactory condition to meet the needs of exist- ing commerce, and, accordingly, no funds can be profitably ex- pended during the fiscal year 1930. 420 : EPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 5 to 8 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of coal, cinders, tomatoes, salt hay, sand, and stone. The commodities were carried by motor vessels and lighters. The marked increase in commerce was mainly due to the increased ship- ments of tomatoes and the receipts of sand and stone used in road construction. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1923_--------------------- 26, 530 $210,250 1926......---------------------- 4, 159 $54, 933 1924 ......---...........------------------.. 8, 502 221, 815 1927 ---------------------- ....... 6, 752 65,196 1925 -------------------- 3, 636 50, 894 Cost and flnancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 --------------------- $36, 956.06 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928----------------------- 32, 167.94 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------- 69, 124. 00 Net total expenditures----------------- ---------------------- 69, 124. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------------------- 69, 124. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work -- -- -- . -- --........ - Cost of maintenance ..............----------------...--------------- -----------------.------------ $524. 00 Total expended..-.-----------------------$5, 094. 12 $166. 37 $15, 000. 00 .----------- 524. 00 Allotted-------------------------------................................... ------------ $15, 000. 00 ------------ 524.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927-------------------------------------------------- $524. 00 Gross amount expended --------------------------------------524. 00 22. LITTLE RIVER, DEL. Location a nd description.,-This river rises in Kent County, Del., flows easterly 7 miles, and empties into Delaware Bay about 32 miles above Cape Henlopen. The drainage area is about 21 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of this: stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 6 miles. At the mouth and at Little Creek Landing the high-water widths are 140 feet and 40 feet, respec- tively; the low-water widths at the same points are 100 feet and 30 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1218.) Original condition.--The channel was narrow and tortuous, ob- structed by numerous shoals and by a bar outside the mouth, over which was available a low-water depth of about 3 feet. This did not meet the demands of commerce, as larger draft vessels were required to await high water. The stream was navigable for small craft to Little Creek Landing, 31/2 miles from the mouth. Previou pojeots.None. Emisting project.-This provides for a channel 5 feet deep at mean low water from the 5-foot contour in Delaware Bay to the bridge at Little Creek Landing, 3 miles above the mouth, 60 feet wide across RIVERS AND HARBORS -WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 421 the bar outside the mouth and 40 feet wide in the river, including several cut-offs to eliminate sharp bends, and which shortened the distance about half a mile. The mean range of tide at the mouth is 5 feet and at Little Creek Landing 41/2 feet. The extreme range of tide is from 2 feet below mean low water to 1 foot above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1912, was $14,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 626, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). There is no published map of the river. Recommended modifcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-As required by law, the land required for the three cut-offs and for the deposit of dredged material was furnished free of cost to the United States, the title thereto having been ap- proved February 18,-1913. Terminal facdities.-There are three pile and timber wharves or landings on this stream, two of which are privately owned, but open to general public use upon payment of a moderate wharfage, and the other is open to general public use. There is no direct railroad con- nection with any of the wharves. The terminal facilities are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facili- ties see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of inprovement.-The improvement opened a new lane for commerce, but owing to the rapid shoaling of the river the full ad- vantage of the project can not be utilized. No effect on freight rates is known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.--Maintenance dredg- ing under contract, dated June 13, 1927, was commenced August 11, 1927, and completed December 21, 1927. A continuous channel 5 feet deep at mean low water, 60 feet wide from the 5-foot curve in Dela- ware Bay across the flats to the mouth of the river, thence 40 feet wide to the highway bridge at Little Creek Landing, was obtained, 59,471 cubic yards of mud, sand, and gravel being removed. The cost was $16,547.20 for maintenance, the total expenditures being the same. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1914, at a saving of $1,984 under the estimated cost. The controlling depth at mean low water on June 30, 1928, was 2 feet outside the mouth in Delaware Bay, thence 4 feet to a point 700 feet downstream from the highway bridge at Little Creek, and thence 2 feet to Little Creek Landing. The costs of existing project to date are $12,015.86 for new work and $31,020.59 for maintenance, a total of $43,036.45, the total expenditures being the same. Proposed operations.- The funds unexpended June 30, 1928 ($763.55), will be applied to the payment of outstanding liabilities. The channel is considered to be in a satisfactory condition to meet the needs of existing commerce, and, accordingly,.no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930. Commercial statistic.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 3 to 7 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of oysters, grain, and salt hay. The commerce was chiefly carried by motor vessels and auxiliary schooners. There was a marked decrease in valuation owing to the absence of shipments of canned goods. 422 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1923_ ...--------..-.-.. - 8, 989 $289, 572 1926----.......------- - 4, 499 $179, 980 1924--------------------- 7, 057 308, 813 ...... 1927 --------------------- 4, 423 139, 855 1925 --------------------- 10, 107 407, 770 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 -------------------------- $12, 015. 86 'Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 ------------------------- 31, 020. 59 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928_------------- 43, 036. 45 Net total expenditures------ __ --- ___ ------- 43, 036.45 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928------------------------ --- 763. 55 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928--------------43, 800. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work-.......- - - - -- - - -'- -- Cost of maintenance...---------- -------------.------------..------- ..---------------- $16,547.20 Total expended-........................... $7, 977. 73 ..-.-..- .--- .....- . $385. 75 16, 547.20 Allotted.......----------------------------- 3, 000.00 ........... $10, 000.00------------ 7, 300. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927----------------------- $10, 010. 75 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927-------------------------------- ----------- 7, 300. 00 Net amount to be accounted for__------------------ 17, 310. 75 Gross amount expended _--_------_----- - 16, 547.20 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928___-- ----------- 763. 55 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts-.------ ---- ---- 450. 00 Balance available June 30, 1928---------__------- 313. 55 23. ST. JONES RIVER, DEL. Location and description.-This river rises in the western part of Kent County, Del., flows southeasterly 22 miles, and empties into Delaware Bay about 26 miles above Cape Henlopen. The drainage area is about 55 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 21 miles. At the mouth and at Dover the high-water widths are 200 feet and 70 feet, respectively; the low-water widths are 160 feet and 60 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1218.) Original condition.-The channel was irregular and tortuous and obstructed by a broad shoal outside the mouth, over which there was a low-water depth of 1 foot. Small steamers and sailing vessels could only enter the mouth at high water. Inside the entrance there was an available low-water depth of 4 feet to Lebanon, a distance of , 12 miles from the mouth, and thence to the head of navigation at Dover, 18 miles from the mouth, there was an available depth of 31/2 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 423 Previous project.-The originalE project for improving this river was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881; it was modified in 1884 and again in 1889. The cost and expenditures on previous projects prior to the adoption of the existing project (ex- penditures on which began in 1917) were $54,590.20 for new work and $28,866.30 for maintenance, a total of $83,456.50. For scope of previous projects see page 1787, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 7 feet deep at mean low water from Delaware Bay to Dover, 100 feet wide outside of the mouth, about 1 mile in length, 50 feet wide from the mouth to Leb- anon, a distance of 11 miles, and 40 feet wide thence to Dover, a farther distance of 6 miles, the construction of 5,000 feet of jetty on the north side of the entrance, and the dredging of 16 cut-offs to shorten the distance and eliminate sharp turns and bad shoals. The mean range of tide at the mouth is 41/2 feet, at Lebanon 2 feet, and at Dover 11/2 feet. The extreme range of tide is from 1 foot below mean low water to 2 feet above mean high water. The esti- mate of cost for new work, revised in 1924, is $268,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 1116, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). It was modified by the river and harbor act of June 5, 1920, so as to pro- vid.e that no part of the appropriation shall be expended for the excavation of any cut-off until a satisfactory title to the land required for the cut-off shall have been transferred to the United States free of cost. The latest published map is in the above document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--As required by law, the land required for the necessary cut-offs below Lebanon, Del., was transferred to the United States free of cost, and title to the land. was approved by the Depart- ment of Justice on June 6, 1921, and September 5, 1922. The land required for the necessary cut-offs above Lebanon, Del., was trans- ferred to the United States free of cost and titles for the same were approved by the Department of* Justice May 4, 1925; June 13, 1925; June 15, 1925; and June 14, 1926. Terminal facilities.-There are three wharves and several landings of pile and timber construction, all of which are privately owned, but open to the general public use. There is no direct railroad con- nection with any of the wharves or landings. The facilities are adequate for existing commerce. (For full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Transportationby water has been facili- tated to some extent. No effect on freight rates is known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-Combined improve- ment and maintenance dredging of the channel outside the mouth of the river in Delaware Bay by U. S. pipe-line dredge Mantua was commenced July 22, 1927, and completed September 30, 1927. The channel was widened from 60 feet to the project width of 100 feet and deepened to 7 feet, thus completing the project for improve- ment dredging at the entrance. The work commenced at a point, 3,670 feet east of the steamboat wharf and extended bayward a distance of 2,630 feet, 59,039 cubic yards being removed. The costs 424 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, IT. S. ARMY, 1928 were $16,498.51 for new work and $455.03 for maintenance, a total of $16,953.54, the total expenditures being the same. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 48 per cent of the project has been completed. To complete the project requires the construc- tion of the jetty at the mouth and dredging in the upper portion of the improvement near Dover. The controlling depth at mean low water on June 30, 1928, was 41/2 feet outside the mouth in Delaware Bay, thence 3.7 feet to Lebanon, thence 61/2 feet for a distance of 2.7 miles upstream from Lebanon Bridge, and thence 3 feet to Dover. The costs of the existing project to date are $127,312.17 for new work and $14,787.83 for maintenance, a total of $142,100, the total ex- penditures being the same. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The channel is considered to be in a satisfactory condition to meet the needs of existing commerce, and, accordingly, no funds can be profitably ex- pended during the fiscal year 1930. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 4 to 8 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of oysters, king crabs, canned goods, and tomatoes. The commerce was carried by motor vessels and lighters. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Valise -------------------- 1923...................... 3, 319 $94,117 1926--------------------- ...................... 4,044 $108,089 1924...................... 6, 025 225,714 1927.....--------------------- 3, 927 564 103, 1925---------------------...................... 1,836 56,430 Cost an financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928--------------- $181, 902. 37 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 _...____.----- __----- 43, 654. 13 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 225, 556. 50 Net total expenditures- -_----_ __--- ------ - - - 225, 556. 50 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 -------- -__-- 225, 556. 50 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 ...........--------------------.....------------ Cost of new work---------------------------....................................... 16,498. 51 Cost ofmaintenance -.------------------.-----------.----------.--------------------- 455.03 Total cost --------------------------------- ---------------------------- 16,953.54 Total expended----------------------............................ 03 $31,924. $446.71 $58, 370.61 $2. 77 16, 953. 54 Allotted................................... 55,000.00--------- 500.00 18, -4, 200. 00 ...........-----------............ Balance unexpended July 1,, 1927 -------- _------.-------- - $21, 153.54 Deduction on account of transfer to Woodbury Creek, N. J_ $3, 500.00 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment-..-- 700.00 ----- 4, 200. 00 Gross amount expended ------------------------------------ 16, 953. 54 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for comple- tion of existing project--- -----.----------------- 141, 000. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS -WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 425 24. MURDERKILL RIVER, DEL. Location and description.--This river rises in Kent County, Del., flows northeasterly 19 miles, and empties into Delaware Bay about 25 miles above Cape Henlopen. The drainage area is about 99 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is 131/2 miles. At the mouth and at Frederica the high-water widths are 200 feet and 120 feet, respectively; the low-water widths are 150 feet and 100 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1218.) Original condition.-The entrance channel was obstructed by a bar at its mouth, over which was a channel depth of 1 foot at mean low water. Above this point there was a channel depth ranging from 3 feet to 51/2 feet available to Frederica, the head of naviga- tion, a distance of about 9 miles. The canals or cut-offs made by private parties were narrow and poorly located, causing excessive shoaling. Presvous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 7 feet deep at mean low water from Delaware Bay to Frederica, 150 feet wide across the flats outside the mouth, a distance of about 1 mile, and 80 feet wide inside the river to Frederica, a distance of about 71/2 miles. The mean range of tide is 4.8 feet at the mouth and 1.8 feet at Frederica. The extreme range of tide is from 1 foot below mean low water to 2 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $60,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. This project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892 (H. Doc. No. 21, 52d Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1892, p. 981). The latest published map is in House Document No. 1058, Sixty-second Congress, third session. Recom ended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Land required for the one cut-off made under the project was voluntarily given free of cost to the United States in 1895. Terminal facilities.-There are six wharves or landings of pile and timber construction, all of which are privately owned. Three are open to the general public when not in use by the owners, and three are open to public use upon payment of a moderate wharfage. There is no direct railroad connection. The facilities are adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The transportation of freight by water has been greatly facilitated, practically eliminating an 8-mile haul to the nearest railroad station. The rates by water are 25 to 50 per cent lower than by rail. Vessel movements at all stages of the tide have been made possible. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No operations were in progress. Specifications for maintenance dredging of the entrance channel were submitted to the Chief of Engineers on June 1, 1928. At the close of the year they had not been approved. The 426 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMiY, 192 8 cost of making examination of the channel and of office expense was $725.42, for maintenance, the total expenditures being the same. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 63 per cent of the project has been completed. The remaining portion is the widening of the channel across the flats and in the river, which at the present time is not considered important. The controlling depth at mean low water on June 30, 1928, was 5 feet from' outside the mouth in Dela- ware Bay to Frederica. The costs of the existing project to date are $37,630.07 for new work and $87,273.27 for maintenance, a total of $124,903.34, the total expenditures being the same. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1928, to maintenance dredging, under contract, as follows: Dredging, approximately 18,000 cubic yards at 40 cents--.---....- $7,200.00 Engineering and contingencies-------- ------- -------------- 1, 347. 65 Total-------------- ------------------------------ 8, 547. 65 The funds will be expended at the rate of approximately $2,500 per month, and will probably be exhausted by October 31, 1928. Since the available funds are sufficient to restore the channel to a satisfactory condition, no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930. Commercial statistics.--The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 4 to 8 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of oysters, coal, fertilizer, agricultural products, and gen- eral merchandise. The commerce was chiefly carried by steamer and motor vessels. The increase in tonnage and valuation was due prin- cipally to increased receipts of general merchandise and agricultural products. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Oalendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1923----- - -21, 397 $1, 171, 043 47, 396 1926...--- 1.2,411 $563,267 40, 000 1924_-.-..... 19, 134 1, 024, 203 49, 567 1927...--------- 16, 309 1, 037, 447 30, 000 1925---------.......... 12,870 714, 217 32, 000 Cost and financial suimarry Cost of new work to June 30, 1928__ -------------- $37, 630.07 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------ 87, 273. 27 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928.--------.--- 124, 903.34 Net total expenditures---- ------------------------------ 124, 903.34 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928---------------------------- 8, 547.65 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------------ 133, 450. 99 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work.... Cost of new work-------- ------------ ---------- --------------------------------------- .---- Cost ofmaintenance- --------...................--.... .- ..-- .. .$725. 42 Total expended--. ..------------ -$294. 35 $5, 331. 10 $99. 01 $678. 63 725. 42 Allotted--------------------...................................------------- 1 000.00 10 000. 00 ----------- -1 000. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 427 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927--------------------------- $19,273.07 Deductions on account of transfer to Inland Waterway from Dela- ware River to Chesapeake Bay, DeFaware and Maryland--------- 10, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for-------,------------------ 273. 07 Gross amount expended-------- ----------------------------- 725. 42 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928---------------------------- 8, 547. 65 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -------------------------------------- 22, $50. 00 25. MISPILLION RIVER, DEL. Location and description.-This river rises on the boundary line between Maryland and Delaware, flows 15 miles in a general north- easterly direction between Kent and Sussex Counties, and empties into Delaware Bay about 16 miles above Cape Henlopen. The drain- age area is about 99 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 15 miles. The width at the mouth is 400 feet and at Milford 100 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1218.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow and tortuous and obstructed by a bar extending out in the bay, over which was a depth of 1/2 feet at low water. Inside the river the controlling depth was 4 feet to Milford, the head of navigation, a distance of 14 miles from the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted in 1879, and subsequent projects July 13, 1892, modified July 3, 1893, and March 2, 1907. The cost and expenditures on previous projects prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1919) were $148,798.41 for new work and $61,172.42 for maintenance, a total of $209,970.83. For scope of previous projects see page 1786, Annual Report for 1915, and page 448 of Annual Report for. 1918. Emisting project.-This provides for a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water from Delaware Bay to Milford, a distance of 14 miles, 80 feet wide from the 6-foot curve of Delaware Bay across the flats to the mouth, protected by stone-filled pile and timber crib jetties along the north and south sides, 2,996 and 5,850 feet long, respectively; thence 60 feet wide in the river, with additional width at sharp bends; and 4 cut-offs, 50 feet wide. The mean range of tide is 41/2 feet at the mouth and 31/2 feet at Milford. The extreme range of tide is from 1 foot below mean low water to 2 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1921, was $87,050, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $6,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 678, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in that document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, required that all land needed for the cut-offs be transferred free of cost to the United States. This condition has been met, the approval of the Chief of Engineers being dated March 31, 1922. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 428 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Terminal facilities.-There are 14 wharves or landings of pile and timber construction, 13 of which are privately owned but open to public use upon payment of nominal wharfage, and 1 for exclusive use. There is no direct railroad connection. The facilities are ade- quate for existing commerce. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The transportation of water-borne com- merce has been facilitated, and the greater depth of water permits the movement of vessels in the river at low tide. No effect on freight rates is known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.--No operations were in progress. The cost of making examination of the channel and of office expenses was $1,270.63 for maintenance, the total expenditures being the same. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1924. The controlling depth at mean low water on June 30, 1928, was 5 feet outside the mouth in Delaware Bay and thence 41/2 feet to Milford. The costs of the existing project to date are $87,249.89 :for new work and $40,944.35 for maintenance, a total of $128,194.24, The total expenditures being the same. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The channel is considered to be in a satisfactory condition to meet the needs of exist- ing commerce, and, accordingly, no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 6 to 8 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of fertilizer, fertilizer material, wheat, gasoline, and men: haden. The commodities were carried by steamers, motor vessels, and barges. The increase in tonnage was due mainly to increased receipts of fertilizer materials, and decrease in value was due to a decrease in high-priced commodities. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1923--. ....------------ ....--. 13, 487 $367, 948 ................... 1926__- 11, 842 $360, 661 1924--.....------...--------- 10,112 265, 928 1927--------..........---..------- 14, 063 348, 237 1925 ...-------.......----------- 15,032 422, 223 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928----------------------------- $236, 048. 30 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928__-_____________- __ ------ 102, 116. 77 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928--------______ 338, 165. 07 Net total expenditures----------------------------- 338, 165. 07 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-------------- 338, 165.07 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost ofnew work-------------..........--------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance----...............-- -- ------------------ -----.-------- ------------ $1, 270. 63 Total expended.........---------------- 36, 634. 78 $6, 737. 63 $42. 88 $1, 604. 37 1, 270. 63 -- - ---- i---------- - --------- Allotted .----- -------............... 10, 000. 00 10, 500. 00 375. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 429 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927------------------------------ $895.63 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927--------------------------------------------- 375. 00 Gross amount expended--------------------- ----------- 1,270.63 26. BROADKILL RIVER, DEL. Location and description.nThis river rises in Sussex County, Del., flows northeasterly 13 miles, and empties into Delaware Bay about 5 miles above Cape Henlopen. The drainage area is 64 square miles. No information is available regarding the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 11 miles. At the mouth and at Milton the high-water widths are 300 feet and 90 feet, respec- tively; the low-water widths at the same points are 250 feet and 80 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1218.) Original condition.--The channel was irregular and tortuous, ob- structed by numerous shoals within the river and a shifting sand bar at the mouth. It did not meet the demands of commerce. The chan- nel had a controlling depth of 3 feet at mean low water to Milton, the head of navigation, 12 miles from the mouth, with 2 feet at mean low water over the bar outside the mouth. Previous projevts.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the establishment of a per- manent entrance by dredging a channel across Lewes Cape 150 feet wide and 6 feet deep at mean low water from that depth in Dela- ware Bay to the same depth in Broadkill River, a distance of about one-half mile, and constructing a stone-filled, pile and timber crib jetty, 1,275 feet long, on the north side of the entrance; and thence a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water with a least width of 40 feet, upstream to Milton, 103/4 miles above the new mouth. The mean range of tide is 4 feet at the mouth and 31/2 feet at Milton. The extreme range of tide is from 1 foot below mean low water to 2 feet above mean high water, except in very severe storms. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1905, was $68,330. No estimate for annual maintenance has been made. This project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1873 (Annual Report for 1872, p. 792 et seq.), and modified by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, which provided for the new mouth in accordance with report published in House Document No. 214, Fifty-ninth Congress, second session. The latest published map of the whole river is in the above document, and of the mouth in House Document No. 128, Sixty-seventh Congress, second session. Recommended modifaltions of poject.-See report on " Inland waterway from Chincoteague Bay, Va., to Delaware Bay, at or near Lewes, Del.," page 433. Local cooperation.-The land required for the new entrance was furnished voluntarily free of cost to the United States by the owner of the tract through which it was cut. Title to the land was ap, proved by the Department of Justice June 21, 1907. Terminal facilities.-There are four wharves of pile and timbe' construction, three of which are privately and one publicly owned Two of the private wharves are open to the public upon payment of a nominal charge and one is for exclusive use. There are also a number of private landings of pile and timber construction along 430 41EPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 the river, used by the owners of the farms. There is no direct rail- road connection with any of the wharves. The terminals are ade- quate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-It has facilitated vessel movement, but the shoaling in the river and the depth of water at the entrance pre- vent the free movement of vessels using the stream. No effect on freight rates is known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No operations were in progress. The cost of making examinations of the channel and of office expenses was $2,484.44 for maintenance, the total expenditures being the same. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1913. The controlling depth at mean low water on June 30, 1928, through the new entrance was 4 feet and in the river 41/2 feet. The costs of the existing project to date are $68,227.97 for new work and $101,009.70 for maintenance, a total of $169,237.67, the total expenditures being the same. Proposed operations.-Nofunds are available. The channel is con- sidered to be in a satisfactory condition to meet the needs of existing commerce, and, accordingly, no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930. Commercial statistics.--The usual draft of loaded vessels is.from 4 to 6 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of fish, fertilizer, fruits and vegetables, and piling. The commodities were carried by motor vessels and lighters. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1923---------------------3,173 $158, 892 1, 566 $106,060 1926.....................---------------------- 1924 --------------------- 4,039 399, 921 1927--.................. ------------------- 1,691 105, 825 1925................--------------------I4,092 147,880 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 ------------------- - - $68, 227.97 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928---------------------- 101, 009.70 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928-----------------169, 237. 67 Net total expenditures________-----______ 169, 237. 67 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------------------- 169, 237.67 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Co st of n ew work _ ,_ - - - - . Cost of maintenance................------------- ------------ ........------------ -------.................. --------..........---- $2,484.44 Total expended-,-- _ _ _-------------------$9, 764. 83 $523.64 ----------- $13, 042.99 2. 484. 44 Allotted -------------------------------------- 10,000.00 .-------.... 5,000.00 375.00 RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 431 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927______ _---------------- $2, 109.44 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved February 23, 1927 -------------------- ------ 375. 00 Net amount to be accounted for--------------------- 2, 484. 44 Gross amount expended -------------------- ------- $2, 487.44 Less receipts from sales__--__-----------------_------- 3.00 2, 484. 44 27. INLAND WATERWAY BETWEEN REHOBOTH BAY AND DELAWARE BAY, DEL. Location and description.-This waterway, a tidal canal, situated in the southeasterly part of Sussex County, extends 12 miles from Rehoboth Bay northward through the highland west of the town of Rehoboth to Gordon Lake; thence through the marshes back' of Cape Henlopen to Lewes River. It then follows the latter and Broadkill River, which empties into the Delaware Bay about 5 miles above Cape Henlopen. The drainage area is about 27 square miles. No information is available regarding the discharge of the water- way. At the mouth of Lewes River and at the entrance of Rehoboth Bay the high-water widths are 75 feet and 60 feet, respectively; the low-water widths at the same points are 60 feet and 45 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 1218 and 1219.) Original condition.-Rehoboth Bay and Delaware Bay were not connected by any channel. The land through which it was necessary to dredge had a highland elevation and a marsh elevation of about 23 feet and 4 feet, respectively, above mean low water at Delaware Breakwater Harbor. Lewes River had an available depth of about one-half foot at its upper end and about 4 feet at its junction with the Broadkill. Previous projects.-A canal along a slightly different route formed a part of the projected waterway from Chincoteague Bay, Va., to Delaware Bay, begun in 1886 and abandoned in 1905. Existing project.-This provides for a waterway 6 feet deep at mean low water, 50 feet wide through Lewes River and the marshes, and 40 feet wide where it passes through deep cutting, including also the construction of two bridges between the confluence of Lewes River with the Broadkill River, and Rehoboth Bay, a distance of 12 miles, and two parallel rubble mound jetties each 725 feet long at the entrance from Rehoboth Bay. The mean range of tide at the Delaware Bay end is 41/2 feet and at the highway bridge near Rehoboth about 3 feet. The extreme range of tide is from 1 foot below mean low water to 3 feet above mean high water. This is due to storms raising the water level in the bays. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1908 is $356,000, exclusive of amount expended on previous projects but including $14,275 for the purchase of land since obtained free of cost to the United States, making the actual estimated cost to the United States for the construction of the canal $341,725. The latest (1908) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $7,500. This project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 823, 60th Cong., 1st sess., and R. and H. Com. 14710--ENGN 1928-----28 432 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Doc. No. 51, 61st Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is with the above documents. Recommended modification, of project.-See report on Inland waterway from Chincoteague Bay, Va., to Delaware Bay, at or near Lewes, Del., page 433. Local cooperation.-As required by law, the land required for cut- offs and for right of way for the canal from Lewes River southward was furnished free of cost to the United States by the State of Dela- ware and interested parties, with the exception of the railroad cross- ing at Rehoboth. The titles were approved by the Department of Justice November 3, 1892, and May 3, 1913. Terminal faailities.-There are two wharves at Lewes, Del., one owned by the town and one Government owned, both open to public use, and two private wharves at Rehoboth, one of which has direct railroad connection. These wharves are adequate for the existing commerce. .(For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Shoaling at the entrance into Delaware Bay prevents the utilization of the full benefits to be derived from the improvement. No effect on freight rates is known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-Combined improve- ment and maintenance dredging, commenced June 15, 1927, by U. S. pipe-line dredge Mantua, was continued until July 15, 1927, when work was completed. A channel 6 feet deep at mean low water and 50 feet wide on the bottom was dredged from a point 2,400 feet north of the Rehoboth Bay jetties, extending southwardly a distance of 3,100 feet, 4,289 cubic yards of mud and sand being removed, completing the project for widening the waterway near the southern end. The channel from a point about 2 miles north of the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge at Rehoboth, northwardly for an aggregate length of 1,500 feet, was restored to project dimensions by removal of shoals, 7,017 cubic yards of mud, sand, and gravel being excavated. The cost of new work was $3,331.53 and of mainte- nance $5,591.34, a total cost of $8,922.87, the total expenditures being the same. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 75 per cent of the existing project has been completed. The remaining portion is reinforcing the jetties in Rehoboth Bay. The controlling depth at mean low water on June 30, 1928 was 4 feet at the entrance from Delaware Bay, thence 5 feet to highway bridge at Rehoboth, and thence 51/2 feet to Rehoboth Bay. The costs of the existing project to date are $256,121.47 for new work and $21,603.53 for maintenance, a total of $277,725, the total expenditures being the same. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The channel is considered to be in a satisfactory condition to meet the needs of existing commerce, and, accordingly, no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930. Commercial statistics.---The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 3 to 6 feet. The commerce for the calendar year consisted of fish and coal. The commerce was carried by motor vessels and lighters. The decrease in tonnage and valuation was chiefly due to the absence of receipts of lumber and piling. RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 433 Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1923---_- ----------- __ --- 2,337 $46,140 1926---------------------- 282 $33,140 1924.---------------------- 2, 648 150, 400 1927........... 175 ...---------------------- 27, 900 1925--.--------.-------_ 2, 832 50, 655 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 -- -- $256, 121.47 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928---------------------------- 21, 603. 53 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928-----------277, 725. 00 Net total expenditures--------------------------------- 277, 725. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-------------------277, 725. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work......---------- ---------- ---------------------------------- $3, 331. 53 Cost of maintenance--.......--... ----. -----.-..-.-.--........ ____ - . - . 5, 591. 34 Total cost --------------------------------------------------------- 922.87 Total expended.......------------------------ $141.03 ------------ $1, 038. 78 $1, 077. 63 8, 922. 87 Allotted---....-----... --------------- ------------_, ----------- 5,000.00 5,000.00 --....-.. Balance unexpended July 1, 1927--------------------------------_ $8, 922. 87 Gross amount expended ------------------------------------ 8, 922. 87 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project - -,-----------..--- - - -_____ 85, 600.00 28. INLAND WATERWAY FROM CHINCOTEAGUE BAY, VA., TO DELA- WARE BAY AT OR NEAR LEWES, DEL. Location and description.-This tidal waterway extends northerly from Chincoteague Bay, Va., following the waterways parallel with the Atlantic Ocean through Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware, pass- ing through the neck of land at Ocean View, Del., and the land be- tween Rehoboth Bay and the headwaters of Lewes River, entering the Delaware Bay at or near the town of Lewes, a total distance of about 70 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 1218, 1219, and 1220.) Original condition.-A large portion of the route followed the natural waterways whose channel depths were sufficient for the pro- posed canal. Some shoals existed which required dredging. The neck of land 4 miles in width near Ocean View, Del., separating Lit- tle Assawoman and Indian River Bays, and a portion of the route, 8 miles in length, between Rehoboth Bay and Delaware Bay had to be excavated and made an artificial waterway. Previous projects.--The original project for this waterway, adopted in 1886, was modified in 1892 to provide for a channel 6 feet 'deep at mean low water from Chincoteague Bay to Delaware Bay, a distance of 70 miles, 70 feet wide except between Rehoboth and Delaware Bays, where the width was to be 20 feet, with turnouts 70 feet wide every mile, and two parallel rubble-mound jetties each 434 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGIrEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 725 feet long on the northern side of Rehoboth Bay. (S. Doc. No. 85, 52d Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Reports for 1891, p. 1168, and 1892, p. 596.) The river and harbor act gf March 3, 1905, repealed the project. The cost and expenditures on the project prior to its being repealed were $168,411.88 for new work and $25,330.42 for maintenance, a total of $193,742.30. Existing project.-This provides for the maintenance of the three bridges built by the Government at Ocean View, Del., under the previous project. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 538, 59th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is printed in House Document No. 128, Sixty-seventh Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of Novem- ber 21, 1921, the Chief of Engineers recommended to Congress (a) the adoption of a project for a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water and 40 to 50 feet wide from Chincoteague Bay to Rehoboth Bay, at an estimated cost of $171,000 and $4,000 annually for mainte- nance, provided local interests will construct, maintain, and operate the necessary drawbridges to replace the fixed bridges crossing the waterway; thence following the inland waterway between Rehoboth Bay and Delaware Bay; and (b) that the mouth of Broadkill River, Del., be considered a portion of this project, and that it be further improved by jetties and dredging to provide a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide, at an estimated cost of $75,400, making the total estimated cost $246,400 (see H. Doc. No. 128, 67th Cong., 2d sess.). Local cooperation.-The land necessary for the cuts through high land 'between Assawaman Bay and Indian River Bay and between Rehoboth Bay and Delaware Bay was furnished voluntarily free of cost to the United States by the State of Delaware. Title thereto was approved by the Department of Justice July 2, 1888, and No- vember 3, 1892, respectively. Terminal facilities.-There are about 29 wharves on the waters and a number of landing places, all of which are open to the public use free of charge. The terminals are adequate for the existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-Sections of the waterway are utilized for commercial traffic even in its uncompleted condition. Considerable traffic in sea foods, farm products, coal, and general merchandise is carried on between the wharves or landings at settlements on tribu- tary streams and towns along the waterway having railroad connec- tions. The shoaling at Sinepuxent Inlet has practically prevented further transportation of the sea food commodities over the inland waterway route to Ocean City, Md. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No operations were in progress. Proposals were invited for repairing the three bridges, but the only bid received was rejected as excessive. The cost of making an examination of the bridges, and of office expenses, was- $105, for maintenance, the total expenditures being the same. Condition at end of fiscal year.-As the project is for maintenance it is impracticable to state the percentage of completion. The bridges were recently examined and found to be in serviceable condition, but will soon be in need of general repairs. The total cost of the exist- RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT 435 ing project to date is $7,738.18 for maintenance, the total expendi- tures being the same. Propiosed operations.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1928 ($961.82), will be applied to necessary repairs to the bridges. The sum of $500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930 in continuing the annual repairs to the bridges. Commercial statistics. -The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 3 to 7 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of clams, oysters, fish, oils, coal, and oyster shells. The commerce was chiefly carried by motor vessels and lighters. The increase in tonnage was due to a general increase in commodities of low value. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1923- .................. 29, 519 $2,219,779 1926----......---.....-------------- 29; 747 $1, 315, 317 1924- ------...--........ 30, 987 1, 532, 327 1927...........-------------------- 34, 987 1, 293, 450 1925....- --............. 25, 841 1, 782, 861 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928---------------_---------- $168, 411.88 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------ ---- __---------- 33, 068. 60 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 .----- _---- 201, 480. 48 Net total expenditures ---------- ----- __- - 201, 480. 48 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928__--------------------------- 961.82 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928--...------------ 202, 442. 30 Fiscal year ended June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work_._ - - ------....-. 0-.- Cost of maintenance-------------- --------- ---------------------------------- $105.00 Total expended_-----.........---------.- - $206. 15 $55.00 $574. 79 $295. 73 105. 00 Allotted . 500. 00 ..----------------------------------------------------------- 500. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927--------------------------------- $566. 82 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928---- ------------------------------------- 500. 00 Net amount to be accounted for------------------------ 1,066.82 Gross amount expended--1----------------------------------05. 00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928------------------------ 961.82 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 80, --- --- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - 1930, for maintenance 500. 00 29. WATERWAY ON THE COAST OF VIRGINIA Location and description.-This tidal waterway, which includes Cat River and Bogues Bay, is a series of inland thoroughfares in the 1 Exclusive of available funds. 436 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 northeastern part of Accomac County, Va., extending from Chinco- teague Inlet on the north to Assawoman Inlet on the south. it sepa- rates Wallops Island from the mainland and is about 7 miles long. Bogues Bay is a broad, shallow sheet of water 1 mile by 13/4 miles in extent. Cat River is about 11/2 miles long and has an average width of about 70 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1221.) Original condition.-The channel through Bogues Bay and Cat River was narrow and tortuous and obstructed by numerous shoals over which was an available depth of less than 6 inches at mean low water. It did not meet the demands of commerce, as vessels were required to wait for high water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 4 feet deep at mean low water and 25 feet wide in Cat River, a distance of 2 miles, and thence northward across Bogues Bay 50 feet wide for a further dis- tance of about one-half mile. The mean range of tide is 3 feet. The extreme range of tide is about 6 feet, due to storms. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1908, was $12,100. The latest (1908) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,200. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 957, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-This waterway is a connecting tidal canal, having no terminals or wharves, as none are required. Effect of improvement.-The transportation of oysters has been facilitated and cheapened by providing a much-used protected inland route, which can be used by small boats without detention on account of the tide or storms. No effect on freight rates is known. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No operations were in progress. The cost of making an examination of the channel and of office expenses was $235.25, for maintenance, the total expenditures being the same. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1912, at a saving of $2,695 under the estimated cost. The controlling depth on June 30, 1928, was 3 feet across Bogues Bay and 4.2 feet in Cat River. The costs of the existing project to date are $9,404.45 for new work and $6,695.55 for maintenance, a total of $16,100, the total expenditures being the same. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The channel is considered to be in a satisfactory condition to meet the needs of ex- isting commerce, and, accordingly, no funds can be profitably ex- pended during the fiscal year 1930. Commercial statistics.--The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 3 to 5 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year consisted of oysters, clams, cordwood, and coal. The commerce was carried by motor vessels and lighters. The increase in tonnage and valuation was mainly in the item of oysters. RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON., DEL., DISTRICT 437 Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1923_.------------------ 13, 194 $453, 880 1926---......-- ----------------- 19, 598 $679, 938 1924--.... . __---------- 13, 318 481,121 1927......---------------------- 22, 086 755, 754 1925.........------------------ 13, 196 558, 210 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928------------------------------- $9, 404. 45 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928----------------------------- 6, 695. 55 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928--------------16, 100. 00 Net total expenditures------------------------ 16, 100. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 ---------------------- 16, 100. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work-. Cost of maintenance- I---------------------- .-------------- ------------ --- $235.25 Total expended __................... $54.29 -- --..... $194.46 ......... 235.25 Allotted--------------......--------------------- ...... 1 0,00000...------------.. .----------- -12,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927------------------------------ $12, 235. 25 Deductions on account of transfer to Tuckerton Creek, N. J., and Inland Waterway from Delaware River to Chesapeake. Bay, Del- aware and Maryland-------------------------------- -------- 12, 000. 00 Gross amount expended------------------------------ 235. 25 STATEMENT OF APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPENDITURES ON WORK OF RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENT TO JUNE 30, 1928, IN THE WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT Appropriations (or allotments) Seacoast harbors and channels--------------------------- $6, 910, 904. 97 Internal waterways------------------------------- 13, 919, 866. 44 Expenditures (exclusive of receipts from sales, etc.) : New work 4, 983, 769. 41 1---------------------------------- Maintenance --------------------------------- 4, 453, 095. 29 Operating and care of canals, etc----------------- 1, 748, 014. 82 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED SEPTEMBER 22, 1922, AND MARCH 3, 1925 Reports dated June 13, 1923, and June 9, 1927, with maps, on pre- liminary examination and survey of Big Timber Creek, N. J., re- quired by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 217, Seventieth Congress, first session. A plan of improve- 438 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 ment is presented which provides for a channel 10 feet deep and gen- erally 75 feet wide up to Marter's sand plant, at an estimated cost of $64,000, with $2,500 annually for maintenance, this improvement being recommended subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. Reports on preliminary examinations and surveys required by the river and harbor acts of September 22, 1922, and March 3, 1925, of the following localities within this district were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress but have not yet been printed. 1. Preliminary examination and survey of Assateague Anchorage, Va., with a view to establishment of a harbor of refuge. Reports dated December 14, 1923, and January 17, 1925, were transmitted to Congress January 13, 1928. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. 2. Preliminary examination and survey of Little River, Del.- Reports dated November 30, 1925, and September 30, 1927, were trans- mitted to Congress May 24, 1928. The improvement of this local- ity by the United States, other than as authorized by the existing project, is not deemed advisable at the present time. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1925, and January 21, 1927, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1 Maurice River, N. J., with a view to improvement of the entrance channel. 2. Leipsic River, Del. 3. Shore near Cold Spring Inlet, N. J., with a view to preventing its erosion. 4. Bradfords Bay, Accomac County, Va. 5. Cold Spring Inlet, N. J. 6. Dennis Creek, N. J. 7. Waterway connecting Cooper River and Newton Creek, N. J. 8. Mantua Creek, N. J. 9. Broadkill River, Del. 10. Mispillion River, Del. 11. Indian River, Del. 12. Ocean City Harbor and Inlet, Md. 13. Sinepuxent Bay, Md., from the inlet north to Ocean City. 14. Little Machipongo River, Northampton County, Va. 15. Channel leading from Oyster, Va., to the Atlantic Ocean. Reports as indicated below, called for by resolution of the Com- mittee on Rivers and Harbors of the House of Representatives, will be submitted as soon as practicable: 1. Review of reports on the Inland Waterway from Chincoteague Bay, Va., to Delaware Bay, Del., printed in House Document No. 128, Sixty-seventh Congress, second session. 2. Review of reports on the Inland Waterway from Delaware River to Chesapeake Bay, printed in House Document No. 196, Sixty- third Congress, first session. RIVERS AND HARBORS BALTIMORE, MD., DISTRICT 439 IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE BALTIMORE, MD., DISTRICT This district includes Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries north of Cove Point at the entrance to Patuxent River, Md., on the west side, and north of Onancock River, Va., on the eastern shore; also channel at York Spit. District engineer: Lieut. Col. C. R. Pettis, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. William J. Barden, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Baltimore Harbor and chan- 8. Cambridge Harbor, Md ..- 455 nels, Md_ ______________M_ 439 9. Slaughter Creek, Md------- 457 2. Susquehanna River above and 10. Broad Creek River, Del___ 457 below Havre de Grace, Md_ 447 11. Wicomico River, Md ----- 458 3. Chester River, Md_--------. 448 12. Crisfield Harbor, Md _----_ 460 4. Queenstown Haror, Md-... 450 13. Broad Creek, Md_______-_- 462 5. Claiborne Harbor, Md------ 452 14. Twitch Cove and Big Thor- 6. Tred Avon River, Md ------ 453 oughfare River, Md _--- 463 7. Warwick River, Md 454 15. Tangier Channel, Va_------ 464 1. BALTIMORE HARBOR AND CHANNELS, MD. Location and description.-Baltimore Harbor consists of the Patapsco River and its tributaries. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 549.) There is a detached approach channel at York Spit. The subdivisions of the harbor are as follows: Patapsco River: The river is formed by the junction of the North and South branches, both of which rise in central Maryland. It is about 65 miles long and flows in a general southeasterly direction. The drainage area is approximately 350 square miles and the maxi- mum, minimum, and mean flows, at a point 24 miles above Baltimore, are said to be 1,200, 50, and 460 second-feet, respectively. At Balti- more the character of the Patapsco changes from a comparatively small stream to a broad tidal estuary which joins Chesapeake Bay about 11 miles below the city. Tidal influence extends upstream a short distance above Baltimore, but the head of navigation is at the fixed bridge on Hanover Street and the portions of the river which are of commercial importance lie in and below the city, where the widths vary from one-half mile to 3 miles. Northwest Branch: This is a tidal estuary of the Patapsco which extends from Fort McHenry to Light Street, and is the inner harbor or basin. It penetrates into the center of the city and is about 3 miles long with widths varying from 1,000 to 4,000 feet. Middle Branch (Spring Garden): This is a tidal estuary of the Patapsco which extends from Ferry Bar to the foot of Eutaw Street. It is about a mile and a half long and from 1,000 to 4,000 feet wide. Curtis Bay: This is a tidal estuary on the south side of the Patapsco about 8 miles above its mouth. It is about 1 mile long by three-quarters of a mile wide. It is the mouth of Curtis Creek, which rises in Anne Arundel County, Md. York Spit: This is a shoal in lower Chesapeake Bay, off York Spit, Va., 158 miles from Baltimore. 440 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARVIY, 1928 Original condition.-Patapsco River: Above Baltimore the Pa- tapsco was a flowing stream, seldom more than 200 feet wide, but small vessels at one time ascended to Elk Ridge Landing, 6 miles above the present head of navigation. From Baltimore to Chesa- peake Bay a depth of 17 feet at low tide and 18 feet at high tide was available. Vessels of greater draft were obliged to lighter a portion of their cargoes about 14 miles below the city in order to reach the wharves. Northwest Branch: The average natural depth was about 17 feet at mean low water. Middle Branch: Prior to improvement by the United States the city of Baltimore had dredged a channel 15 feet deep at mean low water from the main ship channel in the Patapsco River to the foot of Eutaw Street. The navigable portion of the channel was about 4 miles long. Curtis Bay: The natural depth available in Curtis Bay was 20 feet at mean low water. The head of navigation for shallow-draft vessels was in Curtis Creek, 5 miles above its entrance into Curtis Bay. The navigable portions of the bay and creek together were about 6 miles long. York Spit: The depth on York Spit at mean low water was about 32 feet. Previous projects.-Patapsco River: The original project was dated July 4, 1836. Modifications were contained in the acts of August 30, 1852; June 10, 1872; March 3, 1881; June 3, 1896; March 3, 1905; March 3, 1909; February 27, 1911; and March 4, 1913. Northwest Branch: No improvement by the United States. Middle Branch: The original project was dated June 3, 1896. It was for a channel 27 feet deep and 100 feet wide from the main ship channel near Fort McHenry past Ferry Bar and up the Middle Branch to the foot of Eutaw Street, with a turning basin 400 feet square at the upper end. The project was completed in 1905. Curtis Bay: The original project was dated July 15, 1892. It was modified by the act of June 13, 1902, which provided for a channel 30 feet deep and 250 feet wide from the main ship channel to the old sugar refinery wharf in South Baltimore Harbor. The estimated cost was $196,000. The project was completed in 1904. York Spit: The original project was dated March 3, 1905. It provided for a channel 35 feet deep anud 600 feet wide. The total cost and expenditures on original and modified projects prior to the project contained in the act of August 8, 1917, were: For new work, $8,764,003.40; for maintenance, $399,801.77; a total of $9,163,805.17. For further details of previous projects see pages 1787 and 1788 of the Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a main channel 35 feet deep and 1,000 feet wide between the curves of 35-foot depth in Chesa- peake Bay opposite York Spit, 3 miles; 35 feet deep and 600 feet wide from the 35-foot curve below the mouth of the Patapsco River to and in that river as far as Fort McHenry, 20 miles; for a branch channel 35 feet deep and 250 feet wide into Curtis Bay to head of bay 21/5 miles; for a branch channel 35 feet deep and 400 feet wide from the main channel at Fort McHenry to a point near Ferry Bar, and 27 feet deep and 250 feet wide to the Western Maryland Rail- RIVERS AND HARBORS BALTIVORE, MD., DISTRICT 441 way bridge, 31/8 miles; and for widening at the approaches and bends and for anchorage and turning basins, as shown approximately on the map accompanying House Document No. 799, Sixty-fourth Con- gress, first session. The Secretary of War and the Chief of Engi- neers are authorized to modify the existing project with reference to the anchorage area at the intersection of the Fort McHenry Channel with the Ferry Bar Channel by the selection of a new location at such point as may be found, after full consideration, to be most advantageous to shipping interests. It is further provided that as rapidly as the city of Baltimore, at its own expense, extends the 35-foot depth into the Northwest Branch (inner harbor) the United States shall take over the maintenance of that depth. The mean range of tide in the upper sections of the harbor is a little more than 1 foot under ordinary conditions, with an extreme range of 3 feet. In the York Spit Channel these ranges are 21/2 and 3.3 feet, respectively. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1921, is $1,900,000. exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1922) approved estimate for the annual cost of maintenance (includ- ing the inner harbor) is $150,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1905, provided for the main 35-foot channel 600 feet wide throughout (H. Doc. No. 186, 57th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 3, 1909, provided for the anchorage basin near the intersection of the Fort McHenry and Curtis Bay Channels upon the condition that such addition could be made within the original limit of cost (no prior estimate or recommendation); the act of February 27, 1911, provided for an increase of channel width at the entrances and bends, provided such increase could be made within the limit of the original estimate; the act of March 4, 1913, provided for an increase in width of the York Spit Channel from 600 feet to 1,000 feet (H. Doc. No. 1190, 62d Cong., 3d sess.); the act of August 8, 1917, provided for present dimensions in the remaining features of the project and for the inclusion of all Government river and harbor works in the Patapsco River, its tributaries, and the approaches thereto into one project to be known as Baltimore Harbor, Md., and approaches thereto (H. Doc. No. 799, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The act of January 21, 1927, authorized change in loca- tion of the anchorage near the upper end of the Fort McHenry Channel. The last-mentioned document contains the latest published map. Recommended modifications of project.--Under date of May 5, 1928, the Chief of Engineers recommended modification of the exist- ing project so as to provide for increased anchorage facilities, by dredging to a depth of 35 feet at mean low water an area 1,500 feet wide and 4,500 feet long at an estimated cost of $507,640, with $12,000 annually for maintenance subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. (See R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 11, 70th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-The only local cooperation required is that provided for in the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917. On all new work under the project approved by that act, except the chan- nel to Curtis Bay, improvement by the United States is made con- 442 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 ditional upon local interests providing, whenever required by the Chief of Engineers, free of cost to the United States, suitable areas behind bulkheads or other revetment, satisfactory to the district engineer, in which the dredged material may be deposited. In compliance with this requirement, the city of Baltimore provided space behind a bulkhead at McComas Street on which 782,998 cubic yards were deposited. The city has acquired an area between the Hanover Street Causeway and the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad in the main branch of Patapsco River about one-half mile from the project channel which has been offered as a disposal area when further new work is undertaken. The State of Maryland and the city of Baltimore, chiefly the latter, have at various times in the past expended about $750,000 on the Patapsco River. In addition, the city has spent about $12,000,000 in improving the inner harbor, $9,200,000 having been spent on docks, wharves, bulkheads, and marginal streets, and $2,800,000 for dredging. Of the latter amount, $189,251.75 was expended in removing 2,742,799 cubic yards of material to extend the 35-foot depth from the upper end of the channel of that depth dredged by the United States to the overseas piers of the Pennsyl- vania and Baltimore & Ohio Railroads. Terminal facilities.-The total length of developed water front in Baltimore Harbor, measured along the established bulkhead line, was recently determined by the harbor board of the city as about 23 miles. Extensive areas remain which are available for further development. The existing terminal facilities include wharves, piers, grain elevators, coal and ore piers, storage and bunkering facilities for fuel oil, terminal warehouses, marine railways, dry docks, and shipyards. There are accomodations for all classes of vessels from the smallest"to ships of 35-foot draft. The municipality owns about 8,000 feet of water front, of which about 75 per cent. is developed, and is endeavoring to acquire additional water front by condemna- tion. There are nine more important municipal piers, some of which are leased to private concerns for their exclusive use in bay and coastwise traffic and for other purposes, while others are open to general public use upon reasonable terms. Portions of the privately owned water front are used exclusively by the owners, ordinarily for the receipt or shipment of bulk cargoes. Vessels may berth at the terminals of the three railroads and of the Canton Co. to receive or discharge cargo, wharfage charges being absorbed in the rail freight rates. The piers and wharves are generally sufficient for the particu- lar uses to which they are put. The methods of freight handling vary from hand trucking to the use of the most modern mechanical handling devices. Many of the piers have physical connection with the railroads entering the city. The Baltimore & Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Western Maryland Railroads have their own water terminals with facilities for handling grain, coal, and general cargo. The bulk of the coastwise and foreign commerce is handled through these railroad terminals and at the terminal of the Canton Co., which re- ceives from and delivers to the three trunk lines mentioned. The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad has at Curtis Bay a coal pier which has the largest loading capacity in the world. Following a fire at the Locust Point terminal in 1922, the same railroad has constructed a RIVERS AND HARBORS BALTIMORE, MD., DISTRICT 443 new export pier, 1,000 feet long with a two-story shed and a new grain-handling pier and elevator with present storage capacity of 3,800,000 bushels and provision for enlargement to an ultimate, stor- age capacity of 9,800,000 bushels. The Western Maryland Railway has a capacity in its Port Covington grain elevator of 3,750,000 bushels. All of the piers within the city are reached by adequate paved highways. A municipally owned belt-line railway, some 3 miles long, encircles the upper end of the inner harbor and connects the tracks of the Baltimore & Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Western Maryland Railroads. The latest description of terminal facilities is contained in the publication entitled "Port Series No. 16" on the port of Baltimore, Md., issued by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors. Preliminary steps have been taken looking to a very great increas- in municipal terminal facilities. The State legislature has author- ized the city of Baltimore to incur an indebtedness of $50,000,000 for the development of the port. Of this amount $10,000,000 is immediately available for the construction of terminals, subject to the restriction that no construction work can be undertaken until a lease at a fair rental for a term of years has been entered into with a responsible person or corporation. The port development com- mission, which is responsible for the expenditure of this fund, has made extensive studies and adopted a comprehensive plan for the entire development, which will be carried out. The commission has concluded negotiations with the Western Maryland Railway for the construction of a terminal at McComas Street, to cost over $3,500,000, which is the first step in the new development and work on which has been commenced. A separate fund of $2,500,000 is available to be spent under the direction of the public improvement commission for public improvements. A portion of this fund was spent for filling to provide foundations for a permanent bulkhead about 2,400 feet long in front of the reclaimed area owned by the city at McComas Street, where foundation conditions are very bad. The filling was completed during the fiscal year 1927. The finished bulkhead will provide the base for two large piers under the develop- ment plan adopted. Effect of improvement.-The increased depths provided by dredg- ing in the York Spit approach channel and in the main channel from Chesapeake Bay to Fort McHenry have made it possible for Baltimore to be reached by the larger vessels, without which it could not have attained its present development as a major port. These channels are now used by vessels drawing as much as 34 feet of water. The city of Baltimore and private interests have extended the project depth of 35 feet from the upper end of the main channel into certain sections of the inner harbor, thus enabling the larger ships, which require this depth, to reach the piers which are situated there. The dredging of the branch channel into Curtis Bay has contributed directly to the extensive industrial development in that section, where many enterprises using water transportation have located. The Old Spring Garden Channel leading into the Middle Branch aided in the development of the southern and southwestern portions of the city, and numerous industries, some of which use deep-water transportation, are situated there. This old channel is 444 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 superseded under the present project by the Ferry Bar section of larger dimensions, and the work so far done therein has provided improved access to the Western Maryland Railway terminal at Port Covington. The anchorage areas provided under the project are used by loaded ships which require deep-water anchorage. Operations and results during fiscal year.--Dredging under a con- tract for maintenance which was commenced April 18, 1927, was in progress' at the end of the fiscal year. This contract is for the removal of shoals which have formed within project limits in the Fort McHenry Channel and lower anchorage. About 41 per cent of the work has been completed, 27 per cent of which was done during the fiscal year. Numerous inspections of private dredging work were made and the /district floating plant was maintained in good condition. The total costs were $200,774.70, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $162,540.59. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 42 per cent completed. The approach channel opposite York Spit, the main channel as far as Fort McHenry, the branch channel into Curtis Bay, and the anchorage basin below the entrance to Curtis Bay have been completed to project dimensions and are in good condition. The branch channel to Ferry Bar from the intersection of the main channel to a point near Ferry Bar has been dredged to project depth over a width of 150 feet, and a short section of this channel, at the junction with the private channel dredged by the Western Maryland Railway, has been widened and deepened to full project dimensions. A section of the Spring Garden Channel from Ferry Bar to the Hanover Street Bridge has been dredged to project depth over a width of 150 feet. No work has been done on widening the Fort McHenry anchorage. The work remaining to be done includes com- pletion of the branch channel to Ferry Bar and Spring Garden and the widening of the upper anchorage. The controlling depths are 34.2 feet in the York Spit Channel, ascertained in September, 1927; 35 feet in the main channel from Chesapeake Bay to the lower end of the Fort McHenry Channel, ascertained in October, 1926; and 34 feet in the Fort McHenry Channel, ascertained in March, 1924; 341/2 feet in the branch channel to Curtis Bay, ascertained in August, 1924; 34 feet in the portion of the branch channel to Ferry Bar from its intersections with the Fort McHenry Channel to the private chan- nel leading to the Western Maryland Railway piers, ascertained in March 1924, and thence 29 feet to Ferry Bar, ascertained in Novem- ber, 1923, and 27 feet from Ferry Bar to the Hanover Street Bridge, ascertained in December, 1923, thence 27 feet in the old Southwest Baltimore Harbor Channel, above Hanover Street bridge, ascertained in January, 1928. Total costs under the existing project have been $2,693,007.19, of which $787,710.14 has been for new work and $1,905,- 297.05 for maintenance. The total expenditures were $2,703,629.74. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1928 as follows: Completion of existing contract for maintenance dredging in the Fort McHenry Channel and the lower anchorage basin adjacent thereto, 1,256,631 cubic yards, at 16/2 (plus amount due con- tractor for June work and retained percentage, $37,667.04) $245, 011.15 RIVERS AND HARBORS BALTIMORE, MD., DISTRICT 445 Dredging, new work, under contract to be entered into, of new part of upper anchorage to be relocated adjacent to Fort McHenry Channel, as far as funds will permit.-------- ___ $179, 500. 00 Dredging, new work, under contract to be entered into, in widen- ing on south side (125 feet) of the Ferry Bar Channel between the main channel at Fort McHenry and the intersection of the private channel to the Western Maryland Railway Terminal at Port Covington to project depth--------------------------- 75, 000. 00 Dredging, new work, under contract to be entered into, in widening on north side (125 feet) of the Ferry Bar Channel between the main channel at Fort McHenry and the intersection ofthe private channel to the Western Maryland Railway Terminal at Port Covington to project depth__-- --- ----------------- 85, 000. 00 Redredging, maintenance, under contract to be entered into, the old part of upper anchorage adjacent to the Fort McHenry Chan- nel to project depth--...-- -------------------------- _ 45, 000. 00 Redredging to project depth (maintenance) under contract or by Government plant, in the York Spit Section------------------50, 000. 00 Engineering, superintendence, inspection and office expenses------ 55, 733. 94 735, 245.09 It is expected that progress on the contracts in force, and to be entered into, will be at the rate of 100,000 cubic yards per month; and that the maintenance dredging now under way in the Fort McHenry Channel and lower anchorage basin adjacent will be completed in September, 1929; that the dredging in the anchorage to be relocated adjacent to the Fort McHenry Channel will be begun in September, 1928, and completed in June, 1930; that the widening of the Ferry Bar Channel to project dimensions will be begun in July, 1928, and completed in June, 1929; that the redredging of the old portion of the upper anchorage adjacent to the Fort McHenry Channel will be begun in July, 1928, and completed in June, 1929; and that the re- dredging in the York Spit Channel will be begun in October, 1928, and completed in February, 1929. It is expected that all funds will be exhausted by June, 1930. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930 ($371,300) will be applied as follows: Widening Spring Garden Channel between Ferry Bar and the Hanover Street bridge and completing channel and turning basin between Hanover Street and the Western Maryland Railway bridges as far as funds permit (new work) ----------------- $221,300. 00 Redredging to project depth in the Cutoff-Brewerton angle and approaches thereto (maintenance) ------------------------ 100, 000. 00 Engineering, superintendence, inspection and office expenses------- 50, 000.00 371, 300. 00 Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the current year consisted of coal, fertilizer, grain, general merchan- dise, ore, iron and steel, wood pulp, oil, lumber, and phosphate rock. Forty-five lines of steamers are established between Baltimore and foreign ports, 22 engaged in coastwise and intercoastal traffic, and 13 operating on bay and river routes. The usual limit of draft for loaded boats is as follows: Patapsco River, 33 feet for trans-Atlantic ships, 24 feet for coastwise ships, 9 feet for through bay traffic, and 6 feet for steam packets on bay tributaries; for sailing vessels using the bay, about 7 to 8 feet; Curtis Bay section, 33 feet; Southwest Baltimore Harbor section, 22 feet. 446 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1923 1.......17, 807, 452 $749, 241, 793 960, 707 1926 4....... 22,906,205 $932, 843, 770 1, 007, 218 1924 2....... 1925 16, 526, 291 -....... 17, 528, 157 952, 705, 319 949, 682, 217 908, 590 971, 824 1927 --..... 17, 158,507 781, 541, 204 837, 560 1Exclusive of 1,759,263 tons car-ferry traffic, value $77,397,845. 2 Exclusive of 2,028,446 tons car-ferry traffic, value $112,778,493. 8Exclusive of 1,978,552 tons car-ferry traffic, value $77,873,391. 4Exclusive of 1,912,818 tons car-ferry traffic, value $80,240,687. 8 Exclusive of 1,579,560 tons car-ferry traffic, value $89,201,334. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928---- ------------------ $9, 551, 713. 54 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 ----------------------- 2, 305, 098. 82 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928---------- 11, 856, 812. 36 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928--------- 48,303.49 Net total cost to June 30, 1928 --------------------- 11, 905, 115. 85 Add accounts receivable June 30, 1928----------------------- 553. 17 Gross total costs to June 30, 1928---- ----------- 11, 905, 669. 02 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928-----------------------38, 234. 11 Net total expenditures-- ------------------- 11, 867, 434. 91 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 35, 245. 09 7------------------------- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928---------- 12, 602, 680.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 .................................................... Cost of new work......-.................. ........ Cost of maintenance ....----------.........................---.-------- .. $200, 774.70 ..-------......------------------------... $686,267.00 $477, 035.83 $202,438.91 $228, 478. 53 Total expended........---------------------................... 162, 540.59 350, 000.00 290,000.00 340,000.00 500, 000.00 Allotted----------...................-----------------................ 139,500.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927--- ----------------- ---- $758, 285. 68 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928------ -------------------------------- 155, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for -------------------------- 913, 285. 68 Deduction on account of transfer of allotment to other works--- 15, 500. 00 Net amount to be accounted for----------------------- 897, 785. 68 Gross amount expended----- --------------------------- 162, 540. 59 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928-735,245. 09 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928---------------- $567. 07 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts----------249, 011. 15 249, 578. 22 Balance available June 30, 1928--------------------- 485, 666.87 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1 - - - --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - 812, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930: For new work 1- - - -- - - - - - -- - - ------ -- -- - -- - -- - -- - -- 255, 750. 00 For maintenance 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 115, 550. 00 Total 1 ------- ------ 371, 300. 00 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS'AND HARBORS BALTIMVORE, MID., DISTRICT 447 2. SUSQUEHANNA RIVER ABOVE AND BELOW HAVRE DE GRACE, MD. Location and description.-The river rises in the southern part of New York, and, flowing in a general southerly direction for over 400 miles, empties into the head of Chesapeake Bay. Above Port Deposit, Md., it is nontidal., Its source is 1,193 feet above tide, and the drainage area is 27,400 square miles. It is extensively used for power purposes. The maximum recorded discharge is 687,000 sec- ond-feet, the minimum 2,250. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1226.) Original condition.-Above Port Deposit the river contained sev- eral disjointed stretches which were navigable for shallow-draft vessels, but it was not used for regular navigation above the tidal limit. It was used for rafting and logging below Williamsport, Pa., and was formerly canalized to the New York State line. The con- trolling depth between Port Deposit and the mouth was about 5 feet. The head of uninterrupted navigation was Port Deposit, 51/2 miles from the mouth. Previous project.-The original project was dated August 30, 1852. The cost and expenditures on this project prior to the existing project were $97,390. For further details of previous project see page 1788 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 200 feet wide and 15 feet deep at mean 'low water from Chesapeake Bay to Havre de Grace, and for the removal of the shoal opposite Watsons Island (which is above Havre de Grace) to a depth of 8 feet at mean low water. The length of the channel including its prolongation in the bay to Spesutie Island, is about 51/ miles, the lower end of the im- provement being about 5 miles below the mouth of the river proper. The mean range of tide is 2 feet and the extreme tidal range is 3.8 feet under ordinary conditions. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1911, was $200,750, exclusive of amounts expended under the previous project. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $4,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882. The latest published map may be found opposite page 1806, Annual Report for 1913. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 9 bulkhead wharves and 2 open- pile timber piers served by this improvement, all privately owned, aggregating a frontage of approximately 4,000 feet. Six of these are open to general public use. These are considered adequate for existing commerce. Two of the wharves at Havre de Grace are in a dilapidated condition and are seldom used. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.)' Effect of improvement.-The improvement has rendered naviga- tion to Havre de Grace, Port Deposit, and the quarries along the lower river freer and safer. Up to: the present time the size of ves- sels using the channel has not been increased to take full advantage of the greater depths provided. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Coindition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1915 at a saving of $27,476 under the estimated cost, and 14710---N 1928---29 448 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. AR1~Y, 1928 has been maintained in good condition. The controlling depth at mean low water, ascertained in May, 1928, is 12 feet, which is ade- quate for existing commerce. The total costs of the existing project have been $173,274.40 for new work and $44,255.60 for maintenance, a total of $217,530. The total expenditures were $217,530. Proposed operations.-None. No funds are believed to be neces- sary to maintain the improvement in condition to care for the needs of existing and prospective commerce until June 30, 1930. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the calendar year 1927 consisted of tomatoes, oils, stone, and general merchandise. The limit of draft for loaded boats is 13.5 feet. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers 1923_..--.--. 71, 539 $633, 778 24, 219 1926.-.- --- . 56,035 $218, 887 18, 500 1924---------.......... 108, 130 646,749 23, 835 1927--.......... 9, 276 183, 852 20, 162 1925..........62, 376 298, 760 24, 283 The decreased tonnage for 1927 is due to a decrease in shipments of crushed stone. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928-------------------------- $270, 664. 40 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928_ -------------------- 44, 255. 60 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928--------------314, 920. 00 Net total expenditures-___ ----- -- 314, 920.00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 -- _--- __------- 314, 920..00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work----------... ...........---- ---------.--------------------------- Cost of maintenance-----------------..................---------------------------------- ----- .......---..........------......----------.....--..-----.......------------- Total expended----------------............................ Allotted.................................. ..... . .................................. 3. CHESTER RIVER, MD. Location and description.-Thisstream rises in Kent County, Del., flows in a generally southwesterly direction and empties into Chesa- peake Bay. Its total length is less than 50 miles. The river is tidal for practically its entire length and has but small natural flow. The improved portion is from Crumpton to Jones Landing. The drainage area is about 162 square miles. The discharge is unknown. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 78.) Original condition.-Vessels drawing 6 feet of water could reach Crumpton at low tide, and from that point to Jones Landing, 61/4 miles, the controlling depth was 3 feet. The head of navigation was Millington, Md., and the length of the navigable portion was about 41 miles. O O RE , MD., DISTRICT AAQ 4jcmr47 RIVERS AND HARB RS-BALTIM Previous projects.-There has been no project prior to the existing one for this portion of the river, but under projects for other portions of the river, the cost and expenditures were $38,041.46. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 6 feet deep, and 60 feet wide at mean low water from Crumpton to Jones Landing, a distance of 61/4 miles, the lower end of the improved section being about 33 miles from the mouth of the river. The mean range of tide is 2.4 feet and the extreme tidal range is 4 feet under ordinary conditions. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1900, was $19,562.50, exclusive of the amount expended under previous proj- ects. The latest (1922) approved estimate for annual cost of main- tenance is $1,200. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890 (H. Doc. No. 65, 51st Cong., 1st sess.). No map has been published. Recomtmended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are two bulkhead wharves, in poor condition, with dockage room of 100 feet and 120 feet, and avail- able depths of 2 feet and 6 feet, respectively, served by the improve- ment, both privately owned and open to general public use. They are of solid fill with log revetment and are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong.,'2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has rendered naviga- tion from Crumpton to Jones Landing freer and safer. As far as can be ascertained, little advantage is being taken of the increased facilities. Operations and results during fiscal yearr.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1903, and has been maintained in fair condition. The con- trolling depth ascertained in May, 19Q8, is 5 feet to opposite Kirbys Landing, which is about 2 miles below Jones Landing. The total costs of the existing project have been $17,659.48 for new work and $20,773.30 for maintenance, a total of $38,432.78. The total expendi- .tures were $38,432.78. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended, $5,000, will be applied to maintenance. It is proposed to apply the funds as follows: Redredging to project depth (maintenance) by hire of plant or by contract------------------ ----------------------------- $4, 500 Engineering and contingencies------------------------------------ 500 Total---------------------------------------------------.. 5, 000 It is expected that the work will be commenced in August, 1928, and that all funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1929. No additional funds, are believed to be necessary to maintain the improvement in condition to care for the needs of existing and pros- pective commerce until June 30, 1930. Comrmercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the calendar year 1927 consisted of oils, oysters, tomatoes, wheat, corn, and fertilizer. The limit of draft for loaded boats is 5 feet. 450 RERTOF CHIEF 0EF BGINFEIS, U. S. ARMY, I2 8 Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1923..........---------- 34,'152 $1, 148, 171 21, 612 1926.......... 31, 775 $978, 884 (1) 1924-_--.... 32, 871 1, 02 432 1927........ -. 34,001 975,559 (1) 1925,........ 40,903 139, 125 ( INo statistics avafilble. The increased tonnage for 1927 is due to the increased traffic of oils, oysters, and tomatoes. Cost and f7a4i al wsunary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 --------- --------------- $55, 700. 94 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928---_------------------- 20, 773. 30 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928----------- 76, 474. 24 Net total expenditures -------------------------------- 76, 474. 24 Unexpended baldince June 30, 1928 ------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-__--- --- 81, 474. 24 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work----------------............ ------ ----------------------------------------.. Cost ofmaintenance....................... .......--------------------------------------------------------- Total expended-----------------------............................ -------------------------..----------------------------- Allotted-------------------------- ------------.-------------------------------- $5,000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927 ----------------- ---------- -------- $5, 000. 00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928---------------.-- 5,000.00 4. QUEENSTOWN HARBOR, MD. Location and description.-This harbor is located on the eastern shore of Chesapeake Bay, about 35 miles southeast of Baltimore Harbor. It is an estuary of Chester River and is about one-half a :mile square. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 548.) Original condition.-Priorto 1871 the controlling depth was 6 feet. Q ueenstown, about one-half a mile above the mouth of the harbor, was the head of navigation. Previous projects.-The original project was dated March 3, 1871. The cost and expenditures on it prior to adoption of the existing proj- ect in 1902 were $19,000. For further details of previous projects see page 1789 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 10 feet deep and 200 feet wide at mean low water from that depth in Chester River to the 10-foot contour in the inner harbor, a distance of about 1 mile. The mean range of tide is about 2 feet, and the extreme tidal range is 4.8 feet under ordinary conditions. The estimate of cost for new work. revised in 1907, was $25,886.35, exclusive of amounts expended RIVERS AND HARBORS BALTIMORE, MD., DISTRICT 451 under previous project. The latest (1922) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 1.3, 1902 (H. Doc. No. 92, 56th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. "Recommendedmodifications of project.-The project has been rec- ommended for abandonment (H. Doc. No. 467, 69th Cong., 1st sess.). Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are three open-pile wharves served by this improvement, one of which is condemned and no longer used. All are privately owned and are not open to general public use. They are considered adequate for existing commerce. The present available wharf frontage is about 500 feet. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvenat.-The improvement has rendered navigation to Queenstown, which is located on the Baltimore & Eastern Rail- road (formerly the Maryland, Delaware & Virginia Railway), easier and safer and has enabled vessels of greater size to reach the wharves at that point. A ferry line established service in 1923 across Chesa- peake Bay from Queenstown to Bay Shore, near the mouth of the Patapsco River. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of sfcal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1911 and is in good condition. The controlling depth at mean low water is 10 feet, ascertained in May, 1928. The total costs of the existing project have been $25,858.27 for new work and $26,- 314.84 for maintenance, a total of $52,173.11. The total expenditures were $52,173.11. Proposed operations.-None. No funds are believed to be necessary to maintain the improvement in condition to care for the needs of existing and prospective commerce until June 30, 1929. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the calendar year 1927 consisted of oysters. Steamer service to this harbor has been discontinued. The limit of draft for loaded boats is 8 feet. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers 1923---------.......... 703 $148, 882 2, 633 1926---------.......... 204 $45, 609 125 1924--------: ------------------- O------------- 1927----------.......... 180 2,925 1925_-------- 5,407 119,000 The decreased tonnage for 1927 is due to a decrease in traffic of general merchandise. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928----------------------------- $44, 858. 27 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928----------------------------26, 314. 84 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928-------------- 71, 173. 11 Net total expenditures----------------------------------------- 71, 173. 11 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928---------------------- 71, 173. 11 452 REPORT :OF CHIEF: OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 192 8 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work------------------------- ----------------------------. ------------ Cost of maintenance.......--------------.. ---- .. ---..............-- ---- ---------------- ---------- Total expended------------------- -- $7,309. 76 $5. 33 ............----------------- Allotted...... ............................... ...................... .. ............ 5. CLAIBORNE HARBOR, MD. Location and description.-This harbor is about one-half mile square and is located on the eastern side of Eastern Bay, an arm of Chesapeake Bay, about 42 miles southeast of Baltimore Harbor. It is protected somewhat from the currents from Eastern Bay around Tilghman Point by a short jetty. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1225.) Original condition.-Before 1902 the controlling depth was 9 feet at mean low water. The head of navigation was at Claiborne, about one-half mile above the mouth of the harbor. A jetty about 800 feet long had been constructed by the Baltimore, Chesapeake & Atlantic Railway Co. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep and 300 feet wide at mean low water from the 12-foot contour in Eastern Bay to the railroad pier in the harbor, and thence shoreward along the south side of the pier with a width of 195 feet for a length of 500 feet. The total length of the channel is about 2,400 feet. The project also provides for extending the jetty about 250 feet. The mean range of tide is about 2 feet and the extreme tidal range is 4.2 feet under ordinary conditions. The estimate of cost of the project revised in 1907 was $27,408.30 for dredging and $2,500 for extending the jetty, a total of $29,908.30. The latest (1922) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,800. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902 (H. Doc. No. 81, 56th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Loccal cooperation.-Before the United States undertook the im- provement of this harbor the Baltimore, Chesapeake & Atlantic Railway Co. had constructed a solid fill landing pier and a jetty which now serve to protect the dredged channel. The cost of these structures is unknown. Terminal facilities.-There are two solid bulkhead wharves with open pile piers at their outer ends served by this improvement. They are privately owned and are not open to general public use. They afford about 1,050 feet of available wharfage and are consid- ered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made it possible for larger vessels to reach Claiborne, a terminus of the Baltimore, Chesapeake & Atlantic Railway, which operates freight steamers from that point to Baltimore. Claiborne is also the eastern terminus of the ferry running across Chesapeake Bay from Annapolis. Operations and results during fical year.-None. RIVERS AND HARBORS BALTIMORE) MD., DISTRICT 453 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project has been completed and is in good condition. The channel was completed in 1911 and the jetty in 1912. The controlling depth at mean low water is 10 feet, as ascertained in June, 1928. The total costs of the existing project have been: Dredging, $27,373.65; jetty construction, $2,500; total for new work, $29,873.65; maintenance by dredging, $35,115.96; jetty repair, $2,161.93; total for maintenance, $37,277.89; making the total for the entire work, $67,151.54. The total ex- penditures were $67,151.54. Proposed operations.-None. No funds are believed to be neces- sary to maintain the improvement in condition to care for the needs of existing and prospective commerce until June 30, 1930. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the calendar year 1927 consisted of agricultural products, sea food, general merchandise, fertilizers, etc. The limit of draft for loaded vessels is 11 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1923-.. -.... 15,164 $2, 431,395 71,179 19263 .........- 15, 581 $3, 940,.049 144, 672 19241 _.. 9, 515 2, 150, 751 149, 503 1927'__-... . 16, 553 2, 190, 545 207, 345 1925 2 - 13, 038 3, 430,575 152, 210 I Exclusive of ferry traffic between Annapolis and Claiborne, 31,114 tons, valued at $25,884,780. I Exclusive of ferry traffic between Annapolis and Claiborne, 35,981 tons, valued at $29,916,500, consisting of automobiles and trucks. 8Exclusive of ferry traffic between Annapolis and Claiborne, 38,427 tons, valued at $23,056,200, consist- ing of automobiles and trucks. 4 Exclusive of ferry traffic between Annapolis and Claiborne, 53,777 tons, valued at $32,266,000, con- sisting of automobiles and trucks. Cost and fnancial sunmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928-------------------------- $29, 873.65 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928----- ------------------- 37, 277. 89 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928-------------- 67, 151. 54 Net total expenditures----------- ----------------------- 67, 151. 54 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928--------------.------ 67, 151. 54 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Jost of new work...... ...... ........ ............. Cost of maintenance----.---------- -.----. -----------------................ -------.------------ ---------............ ----------- Total expended..............-------------.....--------....... $7, 404. 26 ..................................... Allotted--------------------............... ............ --....... ............ ....... ............ 6. TRED AVON RIVER, MD. No work has been done on the 2,100-foot section of the project in the North Fork of Tred Avon River due to noncompliance with the requirement of local cooperation. The channel to Easton Point has been completed. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year and no balance is available. No work is now proposed for the reason that the completed portion of the project is in good condition and is not expected to require maintenance in order to care for the 454 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 needs of existing and prospective commerce until June 30, 1930. For a full description of this project, see Annual Report for 1923, page 420. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the calendar year 1927 consisted of coal, canned goods, fish, oysters, oyster shells, fertilizers, general merchandise, petroleum products and cinders. The limit of draft for loaded boats is 8 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1923------..... -- 10, 910 $1, 008,406 3, 745 ..... 1926----------.. , 900 $658,845 853 1924---------.......... 15, 973 1, 310, 965 2, 625 1927-.......... 10, 184 510, 330 739 1925_-...... - 11,390 961,023 1,691 The increased tonnage for 1927 is due to an increase in receipts of general merchandise and petroleum products. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 -------------------------- $12, 692. 87 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928-------------------------1, 140. 93 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------13, 833. 80 Net total expenditures-___ Net totl expediture ------------------------------------- 1313, 833.80 3.5 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new w ork------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- - ----- -- --------- Cost of xp ended m aintenance.- -................................ -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - Total expended- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Allotted .....................-...-........... _-............ ,_-.... -. I -_ 7. WARWICK RIVER, MD. The existing project was completed in 1904 at a saving of $2,560 under the estimated cost. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year. No balance is available, and no work is now proposed, for the reason that the project is in good condition, and it is not expected that maintenance will be required prior to June 30, 1930, to care for the small volume of traffice which uses the improvement. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1922, page 542. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the calendar year 1927 consisted of gravel and steel products. The limit of draft for loaded boats is 10 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1923........---------. 2,928 $489,037 385 1926__--....... 6,107 $262, 673 ........... 1924-.-... -.. 3, 592 327, 063 193 1927.......... 2, 488 74,913 5, 171 1925-------.......... 579, 710 133 RIVERS AND HARBORS BALTIMORE, MD., DISTRICT 455 The decreased tonnage for 1927 is due to a decrease in receipts of gravel and steel products. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928----------------------------- $22, 040.82 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928--------------------- ------- 24, 641.00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928-------------- 46, 681.82 Net total expenditures----------------------------------------- 46, 681. 82 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928----------------------46, 681. 82 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work.. C ost of m aintenance _...-___--------------. ..... ----------.. --------.. -----..... .. -...... ... Total expended ----....... ...... ,......- - _____ .___ ____ ..----- --- -- ----- Allotted... 8. CAMBRIDGE HARBOR, MD. Location and description.-This harbor is about three-fourths of a mile long by one-fourth of a mile wide, and is a bight on the south side of Choptank River about 18 miles above its mouth. It is ap- proximately 70 miles southeast of Baltimore Harbor. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1225.) Original condition.-There was a controlling depth of 4 feet at mean low water. The head of navigation was at Cambridge, about one-half a mile inside the outer end of the project. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1871, and was modified by the acts of August 11, 1888, and June 13, 1902. The cost and expendi- tures on previous projects prior to the adoption of the existing pro- ject were $61,321.13 for new work and $6,987.30 for maintenance, a total of $68,308.43. For further details of previous projects, see page 1789 of Annual Report for 1915 and page 424 of Annual Report for 1924. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 150 feet wide from deep water in Choptank River to the drawbridge, widened at the bends, and 10 feet deep and 100 feet wide from the bridge to the upper end of the harbor, with a turning basin 200 feet square at that point, provided that no dredg- ing shall be done byj the United States within 30 feet of any wharf, The length of section included in the project is about 5,000 feet. The mean range of tide is about 1.7 feet and the extreme tidal range is 3.5 feet under ordinary conditions. The estimate of cost of new work, made in 1923, is $15,000, exclu- sive of amounts expended under previous projects. The estimated annual cost of maintenance is $400. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1925 (H. Doc. No. 210, 68th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is contained in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.- None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved March 3, 1925, imposes the condition that local interests shall furnish, without 456 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 cost to the Federal Government, suitable bulkheaded areas for the disposal of material excavated above the bridge. This condition has been complied with. Terminal facilities.-About 5,500 feet of privately owned solid bulkhead wharf is served by this improvement, some 5,000 feet of which is open to general public use. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement permits larger vessels to have access to the wharves in the upper part of the harbor, where several industries using water transportation have been located. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has yet been done on the project adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1925. The controlling depth at mean low water is 8.7 feet, ascertained in November, 1923. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended, $15,000, will be applied to completion of the project. It is proposed to apply the funds as follows: Completion of existing project by dredging (new work) 45,000 cubic yards, at 30 cents--------------------------------------- $13, 500 Engineering and contingencies-------------------------------- -- 1, 500 Total ----------------------------------------------- 15, 000 It is expected that the work will be commenced in August, 1928, that the progress will be at the rate of 20,000 cubic yards per month, and that all funds will be exhausted by July 31, 1929. No additional funds are believed to be necessary to maintain the improvement in condition to care for the needs of existing and prospective commerce until June 30, 1930. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the calendar year 1927 consisted of agricultural products, fish, crabs, grain, canned goods, fertilizer, coal, tomatoes, oysters, oyster shells, general merchandise, etc. The limit of draft for loaded boats is 10 feet in the outer harbor and 7 feet in the inner harbor. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1923........-----------. 115, 939 $3, 659, 231 23,839 1926,......... 40,067 $3, 951, 230 28, 010 1924_-. - -48, 150 -.... 3, 714, 327 25, 071 1927.......... 54, 973 2,685, 715 26, 605 1925----.-..... 67, 090 4, 999, 344 27,745 The increased tonnage reported for 1927 is due to the increase in traffic reported in sea food, coal, fertilizers, oyster shells, and general merchandise. Cost and finan al summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 -$------------------------- $61, 321. 13 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928-------------------------- 6, 987. 30 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------- 68, 308. 43 Net total expenditures--- ------------------ --- .68, 6-- 308. 43 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928-------------------------- - 15, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928--------------- 83, 308.43 RIVERS AND HARBORS BALTIMORE, MD., DISTRICT 457 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 C ost of new w ork..................- .....- . .. -. --.... ----- Cost of maintenance....................... ............--------- -. -- -I ....-.-..-. -------.- - .. . .. --- --.. . . . Total expended-............................ $900.00 .""._., ,_.. .,_,, .' _ ..... Allotted --------------------------........... ----------------------- .............--- ......--- $15, 000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927---------------------------------------------- $15,000.00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928--------------------------- 15, 000. 00 9. SLAUGHTER CREEK, MD. The project is completed. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year. No balance is available, and no work is now proposed, for the reason that the project is in good condition, and no mainte- nance is believed to be necessary to care for the needs of existing and prospective commerce until June 30, 1930. a full descrip- 'For tion of this project see Annual Report for 1922, page 546. Conmercial statistics.--The general character of the commerce for 1927 consisted of empty cans, cordwood, and oysters. The limit of draft for loaded boats is 7 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 4, 839 1923 ..........---------- $758,985 10,380 1926.......... 224 $6, 241 ... _________ 1924-- .. 4,857 1925..........---------- 770, 090 10. 215 1927 2,361 91, 208........ The increased tonnage for 1927 is due to an increase in traffic of cordwood, cans, tomatoes, slag, oysters, and pulp wood. Cost and financiak sunmmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928----------------------------$4, 140. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928---------------------------- 500.00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928-------------4, 640.00 Net total expenditures---------------------------------- -- 4, 640.00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928--------------------- 4, 640. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926. 1927 1928 Cost of new work Cost of maintenance... .............---- ------............----- -------........ .----- ----------....... ..............-- ------------ ---................ Total expended ....................................... .......... Allotted -- --- ------................... ---- -- ...... --- ..................... -- - ............ 10. BROAD CREEK RIVER, DEL. The project was completed in 1913. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year. No funds are available and no work is now 458 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 proposed for the reason that the project is in fair condition and no maintenance operations are believed to be necessary to care for the needs of existing and prospective commerce until June 30, 1930. (For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1923, p. 430.) Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the calendar year 1927 consisted of fertilizer, lumber, logs, etc. The limit of draft for loaded boats is 7 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value ........--.......----------------- 1923- 19, 628 $181,000 ---------------------- 1926...... 4, 331 $106,180 1924---------------------18,364 235,254 --------------------- 1927..... 20,375 184,801 1925-------------------- 24,834 474,986 The increased tonnage reported for 1927 is due to the increase in shipments of lumber, logs, and fertilizer. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928------------___-------------- $64, 520. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928---------------------__ 13, 614. 40 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928_-...... ____ 78, 134. 40 Net total expenditures ----------------------------------- 78, 134. 40 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 ------------------- 78, 134. 40 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work......................................--------- Cost of maintenance..-....... - ---- ............---- ----- ------------ -------........... ............ Total expended. . . .. . .. . .... .... Allotted A llotted-- -- -- -- ................ ---.. - --... .........-.- . -.. -...-.-.-.--......... .....-... 11. WICOMICO RIVER, MD. Location and description.-Thisriver has its source in the northern part of Wicomico County, Md., and flows in a generally southwest- erly direction, emptying into Monie Bay, a tributary of Tangier Sound. Its total length is about 33 miles. It is tidal for over two- thirds its course, the remaining portion being through a flat country and having small flow. The drainage area is 74 square miles. The discharge is unknown. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 77.) O7iginal condition.-The navigable channel, with a minimum depth of 8 feet, extended to within 2 miles of Salisbury. The ex- treme upper portions in the town of Salisbury as far as the milldam in the North Prong and the railroad bridge over the South Prong were quite shoal and had an average depth of only 18 inches at low tide. The head of navigation was at Salisbury and the length of the navigableportion was 23 miles. RIVERS AND HARBORS BALTIMORE, ID., DISTRICT 459 Previous projects.--The original project was dated June 10, 1872. The cost and expenditures on it, prior to adoption of the existing project in 1890, were $50,000. For further details of previous projects see page 1789 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 9 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide at bottom, with suitably increased width at bends, from deep water in Monie Bay to the head of navigation in the North and South Prongs at Salisbury. The length of river included in the project is about 23 miles, and its lower end extends into Monie Bay. The mean range of tide is about 3 feet and the extreme tidal range is 4.4 feet under ordinary conditions. The estimated cost for new work, revised in 1919, was $67,300, exclu- sive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,400. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for the 9-foot channel from the natural 9-foot curve, about 2 miles below, to the Main Street drawbridge at Salisbury (H. Doc. No. 20, 51st Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1890, p. 950); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for an extension in the North Prong from the Main Street draw- bridge to the Salisbury milldam and a turning basin (H. Doc. No. 569, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of March 2, 1919, extended the project down to the mouth of the river and into the South Prong to the head of navigation at Cathell Street, Salisbury (H. Doc. No. 1509, 63.d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in the last- mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The act of June 25, 1910, required that no part of the amount appropriated for new work ($24,000) for the extension. from the drawbridge to the milldam in Salisbury on the North Prong should be expended until title to the land required for the necessary right of way and for the disposition of the dredged material was transferred to the United States free of cost. These conditions were fully observed and approved by the Chief of Engi- neers April 29, 1911. The act of March 2, 1919, required that local interests furnish free of cost to the United States suitable places for the disposal of dredged material, so protected as to prevent its return to navigable waters. These conditions have been met. Practically the entire water front within the city on both the North and South Prongs has been bulkheaded at private expense. Terminal facilities.-These consist of approximately 8,000 feet of solid bulkhead wharf, all privately owned, about 6,000 feet of which is open to general public use. They are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improve ent.-The improvement has resulted in the extension of navigation to the city of Salisbury, which is located at the intersection of two railroad lines. Industries using water trans- portation have been located on the water front. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1922 at a saving of $967 under the estimated cost, and is in good condition. The controlling depths at mean low water, deter- 460 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARIIY, 1928 mined in June, 1928, are as follows: In the main river, 8.4 feet; in the South Prong, 8.7 feet; and in the North Prong, 8.2 feet for about 1,600 feet, and 2 feet near the upper end. The total costs of the existing project have been $66,333.06 for new work and $40,289.59 for maintenance, a total of $106,622.65. The total expenditures were $106,622.65. Proposed operations.-None. No funds are believed to be necessary to maintain the improvement in condition to care for the needs of existing and prospective commerce until June 30, 1930. Commercial statistic.--The general character of the commerce for the calendar year 1927 consisted of fertilizers, gravel, building mate- rials, general merchandise, lumber, oil, etc. The limit of draft for loaded boats is 8.7 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1923....---------- 47, 157 $2,338,427 5, 954 1926---------- 63, 173 $3, 739, 976 1, 981 1924---------- 80, 638 7, 860, 918 2, 790 1927.---------- 61, 134 3, 457, 554 1, 663 1925---------- .... 91, 947 8, 980, 892 2, 039 The decreased tonnage for 1927 is due to the decrease in traffic of oil, fertilizer materials, and agricultural products, Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928-------------------------$116, 333. 06 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------40, 289. 59 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928-----------156, 622. 65 Net total expenditures------------------------------- 156, 622.65 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------------------- 56, 622. 65 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost ofnew work--...............---------------------- ---------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance-..-----.. -------- ---------------------------- -- ----------- ------------ Total expended----------------------- --------------------------- - -- Allotted....--------------------------------------------------------------- - 12. CRISFIELD HARBOR, MD. Location and description.-This harbor is about one-fourth of a mile square and is situated at Somers Cove, Little Annemessex River, which at this point is an estuary of Tangier Sound, on the east side of Chesapeake Bay. It is 116 miles southeast of Baltimore Harbor and about 95 miles north by east of Norfolk Harbor. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1224.) Original condition.-The harbor had a controlling depth of 81/2 feet for a width of 400 feet. The head of navigation was at Crisfield, about 3 miles above the mouth of the river. Previous proects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1875, and modified by the act RIVERS AND HARBORS BALTIMORE, MD., DISTRIOT 461 approved March 2, 1907. The cost and expenditures on these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project were $87,740.04 for new work and $2,839.46 for maintenance, a total of $90,579.50. For fur- ther details of previous projects see page 1790 of Annual Report for 1915 and page 432 of Annual Report for 1924. Emisting project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water, 425 feet wide from the 12-foot contour in Tangier Sound to Somers Cove Light, thence 266 feet wide to the bend about 1,800 feet southwest of the railroad pier, and thence of irregular width to a point opposite the Consumers Ice Co., and 10 feet deep and 100 feet wide from the ice plant to Hop Point. The length of the section included in the project is about 11,000 feet. The mean range of tide is 2.6 feet, and the extreme tidal range is 3:2 feet under ordinary conditions. The estimate of cost of new work, made in 1924, is $42,000. The estimated annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1925 (H. Doc. No. 355, 68th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recomnended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, in adopting the existing project requires local interests to furnish, with- out cost to the United States, suitable areas for the disposal of exca- vated material. These conditions have been complied with. Terminal facilities.-These consist of about 8,000 feet of solid bulk- head wharves and 450 feet of open pile pier. All are privately owned, some 1,330 feet of wharfage being open to general public use. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Navigation has been rendered freer and safer, and the development of Crisfield, which is the center of the fish and crab industry on the Eastern Shore, has been aided. Operations and results during the fiscal year.--None in the field. Specifications covering work under the existing project were pre- pared. Outstanding liabilities were $1.20. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No field work has yet been done on the existing project. The controlling depths at mean low water, ascertained in December, 1923, are 12 feet in the channel, and 8 feet in the anchorage. No expenditures have yet been made under the existing project. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended, $42,000, will be applied to completion of the project. It is proposed to apply the funds as follows: Completion of existing project by dredging (new work) 125,000 cubic yards, at 30 cents----------------------------------- $37, 500 Engineering and contingencies---------------- ----------------- 4, 500 Total--------- --------------------------------------- 42,000 It is expected that the work will be commenced in August 1928; that the progress will be at the rate of 20,000 cubic yards per month, and that all funds will be exhausted by July 31, 1929. 462 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 No additional funds are believed to be necessary to maintain the improvement in condition to care for the needs of existing and prospective commerce until June 30, 1930. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the calendar year 1927 consisted of coal, vegetables, fertilizers, crabs, fish, oysters, shell lime, ice, oil, and general merchandise. The limit of draft for loaded boats is 10 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1923-----...... . 149, 644 $6, 750. 545 14, 538 1926--....---- 85, 294 $6, 180, 039 11, 348 1924-......... 98, 588 6, 734, 633 12, 135 1927---...---- 69, 733 5, 004, 685 10, 942 1925- -------- 105, 067 6, 753, 629 10, 861 The decreased tonnage for 1927 is due to a decrease of traffic in oyster shells, coal, vegetables, and fertilizer. Cost and financial swmmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928----- _____--___---- __ -_ $87, 741.24 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------ 2, 839. 46 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928_----- __- 90, 580. 70 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928---__-------------__-__. 1.20 Net total expenditures---------- ----------- - 90, 579. 50 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928------- - 42, 000.00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928--- 132, 579. 50 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cost of maintenance .. ... .. ... ... . ... ---- ------- -- -------- .-------- Total expended ........... ..... ... ... Allotted - --- -.---------------------- - -. ------------ ----------- ----- --- $42, 000.00 ...---- Balance unexpended July '1, 1927 $$42,000.00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928---------------------------42, 000. 00 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928 ---------------------- 1. 20 Balance available June 30, 1928_ - -- -- --- 41, 998. 80 13. BROAD CREEK, MD. The existing project was completed in 1917 at a saving of $28,973 under the estimated cost. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year. No funds are available and no work is now proposed for the reason that the project is in good condition, and no maintenance operations are believed to be necessary to care for the needs of present and prospective commerce until June 30, 1930. For a full descrip- tion of this project see Annual Report for 1923, page 438. Commercial statistis.-The general character of the commerce for the calendar year 1927 passing through this waterway consisted of RIVERS AND HARBORS BALTIMORE, MD., DISTRICT 463 crabs, fish, oysters, etc. The limit of draft for loaded boats is 5.2 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1923---------------------................. 5, 600 $298, 753 1926---------------------- 3,125 $132, 512 1924...................... 2,460 112,522 1927--.................------------------- 2,248 112,612 1925 ....................--------------------- 5, 337 1.73,390 The decreased tonnage for 1927 is due to the falling off in ship- ments of sea food and tomatoes. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928__-------------------------- $28, 227. 19 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928-------------------------- 3, 321.80 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 ------------ 31, 548. 99 Net total expenditures_----------------------------------- 31, 548.99 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 _ -- 31, 548.99 Fiscal year ended June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work---------...............---------................--------...---------------------------------- Cost of maintenance-----------------------.......................-----------------............--............------------------------ Total expended...------------------- --------------------------------------- Allotted--..................-------- -------.....--------- -------------------------------------------- 14. TWITCH COVE AND BIG THOROUGHFARE RIVER, MD. The project is completed. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year. No balance is available and no work is now proposed for the reason that the project is in good condition, and no mainte- nance is believed to be necessary to care for the needs of present and prospective commerce until June 30, 1930. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1922, page 562. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the calendar year 1927 consisted of crabs, oysters, ice, miscellaneous materials, and general merchandise. The limit of draft for loaded boats is 4 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1923 ---------------------- 698 42, 601 1926--------------------- 2,822 $738,879 1924.............--------------------- , 802 550, 553 1927--------------------- 9, 811 983, 566 1925--------------------- 8, 231 689,004 The increased tonnage for 1927 is due to the increase in traffic of crabs, oysters, general merchandise, and miscellaneous materials. 14710---ENG 1928----30 464 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Cost and finanvoial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928--------------------------- 2, 900. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------- -------- 500. 00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 ------------- 3, 400.00 Net total expenditures __-------------------3, 400. 00 Total amount appropriated to, June 30, 1928__ 3, 400. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work....------------------------------ ------------------------------- Cost of maintenance.... ------ ------------ ------------------------------- Total expended. Allotted_ 15. TANGIER CHANNEL, VA. The existing project was completed in 1922 at a saving of $806 under the estimated cost. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year. No funds are available and no work is now proposed for the reason that the project is in good condition and no mainte- nance operations are believed to be necessary to care for the needs of existing and prospective commerce until .June 30, 1930. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1923, page 441. Commercia l statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the calendar year 1927 consisted of oysters, fish, and crabs. The limit of draft for loaded boats is 5 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1923 .. ___ _-_. ---......... 799 $54, 951 1926_ . -.-......- 960 $34,176 1924...................---------------------- 1,788 448,155 1927---------------------- 701 36,368 1925....................... ---------------------- 574 52, 453 The decreased tonnage for 1927 is due to a decrease of traffic in cordwood and coal. Cost a~d financ al summary Cost of New work to June 30, 1928-------------------------- $15, 627. 98 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928-............ Net total expenditures.______________ - -_ __-- 15, 627. 98 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 5, 627. 98 1___________________ -Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work.... Cost of maintenance... Total expended -...............--...... Allotted ............................ - RIVERS AND HARBORS BALTIMORE, MD., DISTRICT 465 STATEMENT OF APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPENDITURES ON WORK OF RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENT TO JUNE 30, 19281 IN THE BALTIMORE (MD.) DISTRICT Appropriations (or allotments) : Seacoast harbors------------------------$13, 074, 679. 45 Internal waterways------------------------------------- 1, 366, 443. 42 Expenditures (exclusive of receipts from sales, etc.): New work-------------------------------------------- 10, 920, 729. 92 Maintenaince-------------------- ------------------ 2, 717, 924. 78 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED MARCH 3, 1925 Reports on preliminary examinations and surveys required by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, of the following localities within this district were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress and printed in documents as indicated: 1. Preliminary examination and survey of Choptank River, Md.- Reports dated August 19, 1925, and December 21, 1927, with map, are printed in House Document No. 188, Seventieth Congress, first session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a channel through Pealiquor Shoal 8 feet deep and 100 feet wide, at an estimated cost of $6,300, with $900 annually for maintenance. 2. Preliminary examination and survey of Elk River, Md.-Re- ports dated January 29, 1926, and February 27, 1928, with map, are printed in House Document No. 216, Seventieth Congress, first session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a channel 7 feet deep and 40 feet wide, with widening at the bends, from that depth near Cedar Point to the Bridge Street Bridge in Elkton, at an estimated cost of $12,000, with $4,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1925, and January 21, 1927, as fol- lows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Wicomico River, Wicomico County, Md. 2. Baltimore Harbor and channels, Maryland. 3. Twitch Cove to Ewell, Md. 4. Annapolis Harbor, Md. 5. Kent Island Narrows, Md. 6. Waterway from Tangier Sound to Chesapeake Bay via Ewell, Md. 7. Miles River and Oak Creek, Md. 8. Jenkins Creek, near Crisfield, Md. 9. Tangier Sound, Va., with a view to securing a channel to the foot of county road on the south end of Tangier Island. 10. Starlings Creek, Accomac County, Va. REPORT MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RESOLUTION OF THE COMMITTEE ON RIVERS AND HARBORS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By resolution dated April 26, 1828, a review of reports on Balti- more Harbor,Md., printed in House Document No. 799, Sixty-fourth 466 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Congress, first session, was requested. Report thereon, with map, was transmitted to the committee and printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 11, Seventieth Congress, first session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for increased anchorage facilities, by dredging to a depth of 35 feet at mean low water an area in the harbor 1,500 feet wide and 4,500 feet long, at an estimated cost of $507,640, with $12,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. By resolution of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors of the House of Representatives dated January 16, 1926, a review of prior reports on Herring Bay and Rockhole Creek, Md., was requested, and report thereon will be submitted as soon as practicable. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE WASHINGTON, D. C., DISTRICT This district includes the western shore of Chesapeake Bay between Cove Point at the entrance to Patuxent River on the north and Back River point on the south, and all streams and their tributaries emptying into Chesapeake Bay between these limits. The more important rivers are the Patuxent, Potomac, Anacostia, Rappahan- nock, York, Mattaponi, and Pamunkey. District engineer: Maj. Brehon Somervell, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. W. J. Barden, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Potomac River at Washing- 6. Nomini Creek, Va-- _______ 480 ton, D. C ---------------- 466 7. Rappahannock River, Va___ 482 2. Potomac River at Alexandria, 8. Mulberry Creek, Va -------- 485 Va ----------------------- 471 9. Urbanna Creek, Va-------- 487 3. Potomac River below Wash- 10. Locklies Creek, Va ---------- 490 ington, D. C-_________ 473 11. York River, Va------------ 492 4. Occoquan Creek, Va-.._____ 476 12. Mattaponi River, Va______ 494 5. Aquia Creek, Va ----------- 478 13. Pamunkey River, Va -------- 497 1. POTOMAC RIVER AT WASHINGTON, D. C. Location and description.-The Potomac River is formed by the junction of the north and south branches, about 21 miles below Cum- berland, Md., and flows in a generally southeasterly direction about 287 miles to Chesapeake Bay, which it enters about 80 miles from the Atlantic Ocean. Above Washington the river is nontidal and is quite rapid; below Washington, a distance of 110 miles to its mouth, it is tidal. The harbor at Washington, D. C., is about 207 miles by water, in a southeasterly and northerly direction, from the harbor at Balti- more, Md., and about 200 miles by water, in a northwesterly direc- tion, from the harbor at Norfolk, Va. The harbor, formed by the reclamation of flats in the Potomac River opposite the city of Wash- ington, averages 950 feet in width and is 2 miles in length. In the section of river between Georgetown, D. C., and Cumber- land, Md., a distance of 195 miles, there is a fall of 609 feet, 182 feet of which is between Chain Bridge and Seneca, Md., a distance of 21 miles; 73 feet between Point of Rocks, Md., and Chesapeake & Ohio RIVERS AND HARBORS WASHINGTON, D. C., DISTRICT 467 Canal Dam No. 3, just above Harpers Ferry, W. Va., a distance of 13 miles; and the balance of the way the fall is quite uniform. The average width between banks from Washington to the mouth is 3 miles. The drainage area is 20,000 square miles. The low-water discharge at Washington is about 1,000 second-feet, the high-water discharge 400,000 second-feet, and freshets occasionally cause a rise of 8 feet at this point. In the lower tidal reach, 110 miles, freshets have a rela- tively slight effect. They usually occur in the spring or fall. Wash- ington is 110 miles above the mouth of the river. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 560.) Original condition.-The river was obstructed by two bars, the lower near Giesboro Point, on which the minimum depth was 14 feet, and the upper, extending from the Highway Bridge 1 mile upstream in the Virginia Channel, with a minimum depth of 8 feet at mean low water. The depth in the Washington Channel along the city harbor front was about 10 feet and the width 150 feet; the depth in the Virginia Channel was 10 feet and the width 250 feet. The flats along the Washington front (including what is now Potomac Park) extended to the edge of the Virginia Channel were largely bare at low water, and were considered an active agent in spreading malaria and other diseases. Georgetown Harbor was ob- structed by dangerous rocks. The Aqueduct Bridge was considered the head of navigation for river traffic, but the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal extended navigation, with a depth of 6 feet, from Georgetown, D. C., to Cumberland, Md. The navigable portion of the stream at this locality was 5 miles. Previous projects.-By an act approved March 2, 1833, Congress authorized certain channel works below Georgetown, D. C. The act of March 3, 1849, provided for a survey of the river, and the act of July 11, 1870, adopted the original project for improvement. The cost and expenditures under these previous projects to 1882 were $339,475.21. For further details of previous projects see page 1791 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for dredging the Virginia Chan- nel 20 feet deep and of sufficient width (now about 600 feet) to afford a low-water cross-sectional area of 25,000 square feet; for dredging the Washington Channel at least 20 feet deep; for the reclamation of the flats to 3 feet above the freshet elevation of 1877 by depositing the dredged material thereon; for the construction of a tidal reservoir to periodically flush the Washington Channel; and for the construction of a training dike in the Virginia Channel 7,207 feet long, of which 5,052 feet is riprap stone and 2,155 feet is earth. The area included in the project extends from Giesboro Point, which is 108 miles from the mouth of the river, 5 miles upstream to the Aqueduct Bridge. The plane of reference is mean low water. The tidal ranges are: Mean, 3 feet; extreme, 4.5 feet; irregular, 7.5 feet. The estimate of cost, revised in 1897, was $2,953,020 for new work, exclusive of the amount expended under the previous project. The latest (1928) approved estimate of cost of annual maintenance is $62,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882 (S. Doc. No. 126, 47th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual 468 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Report for 1882, p. 980). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1914, page 1890. Recommended modifcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The District of Columbia has built four mu- nicipal concrete wharves on the Washington Channel, at a cost of about $100,000. Terminal faaclitie.--There are about 9,440 feet of water front along the Virginia and Washington Channels which are available for terminal facilities, of which only 7,570 feet are now used in con- nection with commerce on the waterway. The wharves in the Virginia Channel (Georgetown front), 12 in number, are, for the most part, bulkhead buildings of timber, stone, or concrete; such wooden-pile wharves as do exist are narrow struc- tures extending but little beyond the bulkheads. In this section all vessels berth parallel to the bulkhead. The wharves in the Virginia Channel are privately owned. Six are closed to the public and six are open to the public on equal terms. All of the wharves in the Washington Channel, 24 in number, are owned by the Federal Government, 20 under the supervision and control of the District Commissioners and 4 under the immediate supervision and control of the Chief of Engineers. Five are open to the public on equal terms. The pier-and-slip system is used in the Washington Channel, and vessels berth both at the ends and sides of the piers. As a rule, the wharves are in very poor condition, except those operated by the municipal and Federal Governments. The Chesapeake & Ohio Canal Co. has a lock at the mouth of Rock Creek for the passage of their barges from and into the Potomac River. The terminal and transfer facilities at Washington, D. C., are considered inadequate. Suitable terminal facilities should be pro- vided. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of im oprvement.-Deep-draft vessels can now enter the Washington and Georgetown Harbors. Commerce has been facili- tated. It is reported that freight rates have been materially reduced. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. 18-inch pipe. line dredge Talcott was engaged from October 31, 1927, to January 3, 1928, and for about 85 per cent of the time between February 15 and June 28, 1928, in dredging in Virginia Channel, 575,818 cubic yards of material being deposited on Columbia Island, at a cost of $55,856.85. The U. S. derrick boats Atlas and Benning were engaged at inter- vals during the year in reinforcing the levees around Columbia Island, driving 91 piles, handling 719 tons of riprap, and 6,274 cubic yards of mud and sand, at a cost of $5,920.18. The U. S. derrick boat Benning was engaged from September 13 to October 12 1927, January 11 to 31, 1928, and February 1 to March 13, 1928, in .uilding levee for new Gravelly Point deposit basin. placing 52,955 cubic yards of material on 3,650 linear feet of levee at a cost of $10,172.71. The tidal gates were operated and maintained at a cost of $928.63. Miscellaneous surveys and investigations were made at a cost of $1,391.41. RIVERS AND HARBORS WASHINGTON, D. C., DISTRICT 469 Investigations and reports were made in connection with the administration of river and harbor laws at a cost of $858.21 The total cost was $75,127.99 and the total expenditure $279,285.30, all applied to maintenance. Condition at end of flscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1913. There has resulted: Channels of project depth 4 miles long and about 500 feet wide in the Virginia Channel; 23/4 miles long and 400 feet wide in the Washington Channel and an additional width along the west side of the Washington Channel of 350 feet, 18 to 20 feet deep; a tidal reservoir (111 acres in area) with inlet and outlet gates; the complete reclamation of Potomac Park (628 acres); the construction of 37,885 linear feet of sea wall; the building of 7,207 linear feet of training dike; the partial reclama- tion of Columbia Island (121 acres) ; the excavation from the channel deposited on Potomac Park, 19,792,754 cubic yards; on section A, Anacostia Park, 41,440 cubic yards; and on Columbia Island, 2,852,723 cubic yards. Columbia Island is now surrounded by a channel not less than 50 feet wide and 5 feet deep. The channel and structures are in poor condition. The controlling depth at mean low water in April, 1926, was 18.5 feet in the Virginia Channel and 21.5 feet in the Washington Channel. The total cost of the existing project was $3,383,875.54, of which $2,455,831.43 covered new work and maintenance prior to March 3, 1899, and $928,044.11 for maintenance since March 3, 1899, and the total expenditures were $3,727,649.40. Proposed operatione.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1928, $93,- 715.75, will be applied as follows: Redredging Virginia Channel with United States hydraulic pipe-line dredge, 73/ months (July, 1928, to March, 1929), at $8,000 _-------$62, 000. 00 Maintenance of levee around Columbia Island spoil basin with United States plant, 114 months (December, 1928, and January, 1929), at $2,000 2, 500. 00 2,-------------------------- Preparation of new deposit basin with United States plant, 21/2 months (January to March, 1929), at $2,000------------------- 5, 000.00 Operation and maintenance of tidel gates ----------------------- 2, 500. 00 Maintenance and care of Government plant and property----------6, 500. 00 Miscellaneous surveys and investigations-----------------------4, 000. 00 Engineering, clerical, contingencies, etc------------------------9, 215. 75 Payment of outstanding liabilities --------------------------- 2, 000. 00 Total --------------------------------------------- 93, 715. 75 It is expected that the funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1929. The sum of $30,000 can be profitably expended for maintenance during the fiscal year, 1930, as follows: Maintenance of new deposit basin with United States plant---------$5, 000. 00 Preparation of rehandling basin, 100,000 cubic yards, at 12 cents--- 12, 000. 00 Operation and maintenance of tidal gates-----------------------2, 500. 00 Maintenance of Government plant and property------------------ 4, 000. 00 Miscellaneous surveys and investigations------------------------4, 000. 00 Engineering, clerical, contingencies, etc------------------------ 2, 500. 00 Total----- ----------------------- 000. 00 30,---------------- Commercial statistics.-Commerce for the calendar year 1927 is reported as 1,536,766 short tons, valued at $20,543,530, the principal items in order of tonnage being sand and gravel, 1,257,830 tons; gas- 470 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 making oil, 50,707 tons; vegetable food products, 41,445 tons; build- ing brick, 28,586 tons; riprap stone, 27,098 tons; forest products, 23,051 tons; general merchandise, 22,986 tons; coal, 16,890 tons; cement, 16,598 tons; fish and oysters, 9,115 tons. All of the com- merce passed over the improved section, of which 18 per cent re- quired the increased depth. The decrease in tonnage is due prin- cipally to decrease in local receipts of sand and gravel. The increase in value is due principally to the receipts in cement. The range of draft for loaded vessels for the principal items, and the proportion of the total tonnage pertaining thereto, is as follows: Sand and gravel, 6 to 8 feet, 831/2 per cent; gas-making oil, 12 to 21 feet, 31/3 per cent; vegetable food products, 8 to 15 feet, 23/4 per cent; building brick, 6 to 8 feet, 0.02 per cent; riprap stone, 6 to 8 feet, 0.02 per cent; forest products, 6 to 14 feet, 0.013/4 per cent; general merchandise, 4 to 20 feet, 0.011/2 per cent; coal, 6 to 8 feet, 0.011/4 per cent; cement, 6 to 14 feet, 0.011/4 per cent; and fish and oysters, 4 to 15 feet, 0.002/3 per cent. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1923-....... 1, 324, 682 $13, 560, 112 625, 288 1926-....... 1, 638, 755 $20, 189, 561 429, 104 1924-...... 1, 442, 880 15, 263, 380 434, 315 1927-....-. 1, 536, 766 20, 543, 530 420, 521 1925........ 1, 511, 385 15, 900, 600 435,110 Cost and financial summary ------------ Cost of new work to June 30, 1928-__ __-__ __ $2, 795, 306.64 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 ---- __-----____ -- ___ 928, 044. 11 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928----------3, 723, 350. 75 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928 324, 692.99 ----------- Net total cost to June 30, 1928---------- ------------- 4, 048, 043. 74 Add accounts receivable June 30, 1928 --- -_______--______ 31, 800. 37 Gross total costs to June 30, 1928 --------- -- ____-4, 079, 844. 11 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928 ____-- --- _________----12, 719. 50 Net total expenditures -- -__------_____ 4, 067, 124. 61 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928------------------ ---_ 93, 715. 75 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928---- . _______- 4, 160, 840. 36 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work ... Cost of mnenancek--------------------------------- Cost of maintenance_____....... _ _........................ ------------ ------------ ....................... ..... .... 127. 99---- $75,---- $75,127. 99 Total expended .........---------------------- $63, 738. 91 $55, 767. 41 $12, 633. 24 $53, 444. 60 279, 285.30 Allotted_---------------------------- 7, 200. 00 114, 500. 00 26, 000. 00 19, 000. 00 300, 965. 15 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927----------------_--------__ $72, 035.90 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928_____________-------- $100, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927------ ------------- 200, 965. 15 300, 965. 15 Amount to be accounted for------------- 373, 001.05 RIVERS AND HARBORS WASHINGTON, D. C., DISTRICT 471 Gross amount expended--- - ----------- - $279, 991. 81 Less receipts from sales--------------------- -------- 706. 51 279, 285. 30 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928--------------- -------- 93, 715. 75 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928--------------------------- 2, 000. 00 Balance available June 30, 1928------------------------ 91, 715. 75 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June -- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -- - 30, 1930, for maintenance 1 ____ 30, 000. 00 2. POTOMAC RIVER AT ALEXANDRIA, VA. Location and description.-Alexandria, on the right bank of the Potomac River, is 5 miles below Washington, D. C., and 105 miles above the mouth of the river. The river is described on page 446. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 560.) Original condition.It is reported that prior to 1889 a natural depth of 20 feet or more existed along the entire wharf front, but that during the freshet of June, 1889, an old steamboat hull sank near the upper limits of the city and diverted the currents which had swept past the city front, resulting in the formation of a bar of mud. The depths in Alexandria Harbor just prior to improvement were about 10 feet at the upper end, 16 feet near the center, and 20 feet near the lower end. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a depth of 24 feet in front of Alexandria between the through channel and a line drawn 20 feet outside of the established pierhead line. This area is about 6,700 feet in length and averages 300 feet in width. The lower end of the improved section is 104 miles from the mouth of the river. The plane of reference is mean low water. The tidal ranges are: Mean, 3 feet; extreme, 4.5 feet; irregular, 6 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1908, was $116,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 1253, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifcoations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-Alexandria has 17 regular shipping wharves or landings. Six of these are wooden-pile structures, generally in fair condition. The others are solid-fill bulkhead piers or bulkhead landings. Vessels berth at the ends of piers and in the slips. Five of the wharves are open to use by the general public; one is a naval torpedo filling station owned by the Federal Government; the bal- ance are closed. The terminal and transfer facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Deep-draft steamers and vessels can now enter this port, and trade has been thereby increased. Operations and results during fiscal year.--None. The expenditures were minus $239.16. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1912, at a saving of $20,786 under the estimated cost. SExclusive of available funds. 472 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Channels 6,700 feet long were dredged and redredged; a retaining wall 2,730 feet long, containing 8,033 cubic yards of cobblestones and 4,953 cubic yards of riprap, was built; Battery Cove (46.57 acres) was reclaimed by the deposit of 747,673 cubic yards of channel- dredged material, of which 538,278 cubic yards were paid for, 149,395 cubic yards were excess dredging under contract not paid for, and 60,000 cubic yards were deposited by private parties under permit; and 360,697 cubic yards of maintenance dredging were deposited in the basin opposite Alexandria and in cove above Bry- ant's wharf. By Supreme Court decision No. 45 of the October, 1921, term, Battery Cove was held to be under the jurisdiction of the District of Columbia and to be owned by the United States. A lease of this area to Joseph L. Crupper, receiver, Virginia Ship- building Corporation, which was executed by the Secretary of War on February 8, 1923, was renewed for the fifth time for one year, but the area has not been actively used since May 1, 1926. The controlling depth in June, 1928, was 18.5 feet at mean low water. The total cost under the existing project was $183,940.84, of which $95,214.52 was for new work and $88,726.32 was for maintence. The total expenditures were $183,940.84. Proposed operations.-None. No funds are available nor are any required for the fiscal year 1930, as it is not believed that maintenance will be necessary. Commercial statistics.-Commerce for the calendar year 1927 is reported as 290,744 short tons, valued at $7,261,891, the principal items in order of tonnage being sand and gravel, 127,260 tons; chemicals, 46,234 tons; petroleum products, 43,010 tons; coal 31,900 tons; general merchandise, 16,675 tons; and forest products, 7,091 tons. All of the commerce passed over the improved section, of which 35 per cent required the increased depth. The increase in tonnage and value is due principally to the increased tonnage of petroleum products. The range of draft for loaded vessels for the principal items, and the proportion of the total tonnage pertaining thereto is as follows: Sand and gravel, 6 to 8 feet, 463/4 per cent; chemicals, 6 to 22 feet, 17 per cent; petroleum products, 8 to 18 feet, 16 per cent; coal, 4 to 8 feet, 114 per cent; general merchandise, 4 to 16 feet, 61/ per cent; and forest products, 6 to 12 feet, 21/4 per cent. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1923 .....--_ - 162, 161 $15, 776, 118 8, 395 1926 ........ 282, 610 $6, 335, 950 23, 185 1924_-...... -753, 605 17, 468, 600 27, 840 1927.......... 290, 774 7, 261, 891 21,918 1925........-----------. 259, 805 5, 604, 275 26, 453 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928___________----__ $95, 214. 52 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928__----------- ----------- 88, 726. 32 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928---- - 183, 940. 84 Net total expenditures------ ----------------- 183,940. 84 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 ----- -------------- 183,940. 84 RIVERS AND HARBORS WASHINGTON, D. C., DISTRICT 473 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work ......--------------- ------ ---------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance....--- -------------------------------------------------------- Total expended........------------------------ $387. 20 $41, 781. 83 $25, 301. 07 $1, 897. 10 -$239. 16 Allotted-- _ --------------------- 65, 000. 00 1,800. 00 2,180. 00 .......------------ -239.16 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment-------------------$239. 16 Gross amount expended ---- --------------------------- $0. 00 Less receipts from sale----- -------------------------- 239. 16 ---- -239. 16 3. POTOMAC RIVER BELOW WASHINGTON, D. C. Location and description.-For a description of the Potomac River below Washington, D. C., see page 446. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 557, 558, 559, and 560.) Original condition.-The river was obstructed by 7 shoals on which the depth ranged from 181/ to 23 feet at mean low tide. These shoals were Kettle Bottom, Maryland Point, Smith Point (2 shoals), "Mattawoman, Marshall Hall, and Naval Magazine, located, respectively, 40, 67, 69, 71, 82, 95, and 106 miles above the mouth of the river. The length of the shoals was about 10 miles and the widths ranged from 400 feet to 2,500 feet in the upper portions and about 3 miles in the lower portion of the river. The head of navi- gation was and is Chain Bridge, 8 miles above Giesboro Point, D. C., the upper limit of this section of the river. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for securing by dredging a chan- nel 24 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide between the mouth of the river and Washington, D. C., a distance of 108 miles. The tidal ranges are: Mean, 1.3 feet at the mouth, 3 feet at Wash- ington; extreme, 2 feet at the mouth, 4.5 feet at Washington; ir- regular, 2.4 feet at the mouth, 7.5 feet at Washington. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1891, was $158,400. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $20,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899 (H. Doc. No. 33, 52d Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1902, page 1038, and in House Document No. 859, Sixtieth Congress, first session. Recommended modification of p ojet.-None. Local cooperation.-None Terminal facilitie.-In general the improvement is a main river channel, so that terminal facilities are only served where the channel runs close to either bank of the river. In all 27 wharves are thus served, distributed in the general vicinity of the following localities: Number of wharves Giesboro Point------- ------------------- 2 Fort Washington ------------------------------------------------ 4 Fort Humphreys--------- ----------------------------- ------ 3 Indianhead ------------ ------------------------ 3 Quantico ------------.... ----- ---------------------- 3 Smith and Maryland Points ---------------------- 66-------------- Colonial Beach ...---- ------- - -- -. 6 474 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 These wharves are of open and solid fill construction and bulkhead type, some being owned privately and others by different agencies of the United States. The private wharves are open to public by special arrangement. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-Deeper draft ocean and coastwise com- mercial and naval vessels can now reach Washington and Alexandria, thereby increasing commerce and reducing cost of transportation. Bulk cargoes of oil and fertilizer materials in seagoing vessels are now received. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. pipe-line dredge Talcott was engaged from July 1 to September 12, 1927. and October 22 to 26, 1927, in dredging Mattawoman Bar and removing shoal spots on Kettle Bottom Shoals, a total of 538,892 cubic yards of material being deposited on adjacent flats. The U. S. hopper dredgeWm. T. Rossell arrived at the dredging location, Maryland Point, Thomas Point, and Smith Point Bars, from Mobile, Ala., January 26, 1928. The dredging of the channels was completed on April 19, 1928. During the period 1,277,241 cubic yards of material were deposited off the Virginia shore near Mary- land Point Light. The U. S. derrick boat Atlas was engaged from May 8 to June 30 in dredging shoal spots from the Maryland, Thomas Point, and Smith Point Bars, depositing 13,419 cubic yards of material in ad- jacent deep water. The total dredged by all plants was .1,829,552 cubic yards at a cost of $141,598.85. Miscellaneous surveys and investigations were made at a cost of $631.34. The total cost was $142,230.19 and the total expenditure $137,754.01 all applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1905, at a saving of $4,564 under the estimated cost. Chan- nels aggregating 15.6 miles have been dredged and redredged, a total of 4,465,824 cubic yards of material being dredged. The channels are in good condition, the controlling depth June, 1928, was 24 feet at mean low water. The total cost under the existing project was $431,021.39, of which $153,836 was for new work and $277,185.39 was for maintenance. The total expenditures were $414,045.77. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1928, $16 - 975.62, will be applied to the payment of outstanding obligations. The sum of $3,000 can be profitably expended for maintenance during the fiscal year 1930, as follows: Miscellaneous surveys and investigations --- _________________- - $2, 500 Engineering, clerical, contingencies, etc-------------____ __ -- -______ 500 3, 000 Commercial statistics.-Commerce for the calendar year 1927 is reported as 2,402,604 short tons, valued at $47,711,225, the principal items in order of tonnage being sand and gravel, 1,584,940 tons; petroleum products, 273,336 tons; forest products, 98,333 tons; general merchandise, 68,498 short tons; fish and oysters, 60,871 short tons; RIVERS AND HARBORS WASHINGTON, D. G., DISTRICT 475 vegetable food products, 59,074 tons; coal, 45,812 tons; and chemicals, 25,491 tons. Ninety per cent of the commerce passed over the im- proved section of the stream, of which 32 per cent required the in- creased depth. The decrease in tonnage is due principally to the decreased receipts of sand and gravel and shipments of unclassified commodities from unsolicited localities. The decrease in value is due principally to the decreased value of naval stores and ordnances and shipments of ammunition. The range of draft for loaded vessels for the principal items, and the proportion of the total tonnage pertaining thereto, is as follows: Sand and gravel, 6 to 8 feet, 71.6 per cent; petroleum products, 10 to 21 feet, 12.3 per cent; forest products, 8 to 12 feet, 4.6 per cent; general merchandise, 6 to 22 feet; 3.3 per cent; fish and oysters, 3 to 12 feet, 2.8 per cent; vegetable food products, 3 to 12 feet, 2.2 per cent; coal, 6 to 14 feet, 2 per cent; and chemicals, 6 to 18 feet, 1.2 per cent. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 2,702, 535 1924-..... $51, 445 235, 536, 105 1926-..... 2,459, 796 $55, 914, 694 525, 780 1925-. 2,439,365 54,043,300 535, 110 1927 .....-. 2,402,604 47, 711, 225 515, 264 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928_ -- - ______-- ____--- $153, 836. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 ______- _____ _______277, 185. 39 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928----- 431, 021. 39 Add accounts receivable June 30, 1928-- ------- _____- 7, 102. 97 Gross total costs to June 30, 1928- -__________-----_ 438, 124. 36 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928--- ------ - -__-___-24,078. 59 Net total expenditures __ __--__ ----------------- 414, 045. 77 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928---------------------------- -16, 975. 62 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928_............. 431, 021. 39 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work.. .. . . ..-. ..-----------------.--------- --. ------ Cost of maintenance----------...................---...-----------------------..........---.............. 230. 9 $142, -----............ Total expended------------------....................... $5, 224. 02 $4, 175. 98 ............ $80, 891. 76 137, 754. 01 Allotted_ ------------------------- 9, 400. 00 ------------------ 190, 000. 00 45, 621. 39 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927----------------------------- $109, 108. 24 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927------------ ------------------------------------ 70, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for---__----------- ----------. 179, 108. 24 Deduction on account of transfer of allotment-------- $10, 000. 00 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment---- 14, 378. 61 24, 378. 61 Net amount to be accounted for-- -- 154, 729. 63 476 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Gross amount expended---------- -------.--.--- $152,132. 62 Less receipts from sales _---_____-. - -- - -__.- 14, 378. 61 $137, 754. 01 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928- --------- ----- - 16, 975. 62 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928 6, 975. 62 1------------------------ Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance 1- _ 3, 000. 00 4. OCCOQUAN CREEK, VA. Location and description.-OccoquanCreek is formed by the junc- tion of Bull and Broad Runs, about 5 miles southeast of MIanassas, Va., and flows about 13 miles in a southeasterly direction, emptying into the Potomac River about 26 miles below Washington, D. C. The drainage area is about 609 square miles, and the discharge varies from 10 to 21,000 second-feet. The section covered by the existing project is in the tidal portion of the stream. The average width between banks is approximately one-half mile. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 560.) Original condition.-The lower portion was obstructed by three bars, over which but 1.2 feet could be carried at low tide. Aside from these the creek was amply wide and deep at low water to permit craft drawing 5 feet to proceed to Occoquan, the head of navigation, a distance of about 6 miles. Previous projects.-The first project for the improvement of the stream was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1873. The appropriation thereunder amounted to $25,000, all of which was expended by 1880. For further details of previous project see page 1792, Annual Report for 1915. Emistng project.-This provides for dredging a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water and 150 feet wide from deep water in the Potomac River to Taylors Point, and thence 100 feet wide to the town of Occoquan, 6 miles from the mouth, and the protection of the channel above Taylors Point by riprap-stone dikes 2,220 feet long. The plane of reference is mean low water. The tidal ranges are: Mean, 2 feet; extreme, 3 feet; irregular, 5 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1907, is $64,000, exclusive of amount expended on previous projects. The latest (1923) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890 (H. Doc. No. 75, 51st Cong., 1st sess.) ; was modi- fied December 5, 1890 (see Annual Report for 1890, p. 1089, and for 1891, p. 1254), and was extended by river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 190, 59th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 661, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 10 landings or wharves in Occo- quan Creek, the one pertaining to the workhouse owned by the municipal government of the District of Columbia, the principal ter- minal, is solid fill and open-pile structure; all the other wharves or 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS WASHINGTON, D. C., DISTRIOT 477 landings are solid bulkhead structures. All of the wharves or land- ings, except the two owned by the municipal government of the District of Columbia, are open to the public on equal terms. The terminal facilities are considered sufficient for the present traffic. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Vessels drawing 6 feet can now reach Occoquan at all times. Freight rates have been reduced. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. derrick boat Atlas was engaged from April 10 to May 7, 1928, in reinforcing the levees of deposit basin, banking 17,200 cubic yards of material, at a cost of $2,551.07. Miscellaneous surveys and investigations were made at a cost of $533.62. The total cost for the year was $3,084.69, the total expenditure $5,763.54, all applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 92 per cent completed; the only work remaining to be done is the construction of the dike at Upper Mud Bar, which is not at present considered neces- sary. Stone dikes aggregating 1,953 feet in length and containing 7,827.6 cubic feet of riprap stone were built, and channels aggregating 2.6 miles were dredged and redredged, 705,993 cubic yards being exca- vated. The controlling depth March, 1928, was 6.5 feet at mean low water. The total cost was $110,567.40, of which $22,598.44 covers new work and maintenance prior to March 3, 1899, $21,828.70 for new work, and $66,140.26 was for maintenance since March 3, 1899. The total expenditures were $110,531.54. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1928, $2,081.47, will be applied as follows: Maintenance of levee around spoil basin with United States plant, one-half month (November, 1928) at $2,500 --------- _______---- $1, 250. 00 Miscellaneous surveys and investigations --------------------------- 550. 00 Engineering, clerical, contingencies, etc_--___-- - _______-- 245. 61 Payment outstanding liabilities_______---------------------___ 35. 86 2, 081. 47 It is expected that the funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1929. The sum of $3,600 can be profitably expended for maintenance dur- ing the fiscal year 1930 as follows: Maintenance of levee around spoil basin with United States plant---- $1, 250 Redredging channels with United States hydraulic pipe-line dredge___ 1, 750 Engineering, dlerical, contingencies, etc------------------------------_ 600 3, 600 Conmercial statistics.--Commerce for the calendar year 1927 is reported as 14,005 short tons, valued at $201,585, the principal items in order of tonnage being coal, 7,850 tons; building brick, 3,400 tons; forest products, 1,250 tons, and vegetable food products, 649 tons. All of the commerce passed over the improved section, of which 77 per cent required the increased depth. The increase in tonnage is due principally to the increased shipments of building brick. The 478 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 decrease in value is due principally to the decreased receipts of gen- eral merchandise. The range of draft for loaded vessels for the principal items, and the proportion of the total tonnage pertaining thereto is as follows: Coal, 4 to 6 feet, 59.7 per cent; building brick, 4 to 6 feet, 25.8 per cent; forest products, 4 to 6 feet, 9.5 per cent, and vegetable food products, 3 to 6 feet, 5 per cent. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1923_ - 18,250 .--------------- $337,484 1926__-- -13,954 $213,296 1924_- ------------- - 31, 595 423, 915 1927_ -14, 005 201, 585 1925_ 15,985 221,700 Cost and fnanoial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928------____________________________ $69,427. 14 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928__--.... ______- - ____ - 66, 140. 26 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928__- ----- __-135, 567. 40 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928_ ____________ ____ ___ - 35.86 Net total expenditures_-------------------------- 135, 531.54 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928----------- ____-__ _____ - 2, 081.47 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928_-- ---- _____ 137, 613. 01 Fiscal year ending June 30- 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work ---------------- _ Cost of maintenance -----------_ -- ---------------------------------------------- $3, 084. 69 Total expended......--------- ------------- $4, 093. 80 $4, 241. 93 $2, 822. 95 $1, 703. 71 $5, 763.54 Allotted-----......-- ------ ---------------- 6, 700. 00 2, 700.00 2, 000.00 6,000.00 -- 786.40 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927------------------------------- $8, 631.41 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928------------------------------------------------ 1, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_--------------------___---_ 9, 631. 41 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment_ --- ______----1, 786. 40 Net amount to be accounted for--------------------------- 7, 845. 01 Gross amount expended_____---- ------ - - - $7, 549.94 Less receipts from sales________--- 786..40 1---------- 1, 5, 763. 54 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928_________________________ 2, 081. 47 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928------------------------------ 35. 86 Balance available June 30, 1928---------------------------- 2, 045.61 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 for maintenance 1------------------------------------- 3, 600.00 5. AQUIA CREEK, VA. Location and description.-Aquia Creek rises in Virginia and flows in a southeasterly direction for about 17 miles to the Potomac 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS -WASHINGTON D. C4, DISTRICT 479 River, which it enters about 43 miles below Washington, D. C. The drainage area is 89 square miles and the discharge is small, data not available. The section under improvement is entirely tidal. The average width between banks is one-half mile. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 559.) Original condition.-The creek has a well-defined ;channel 60 to 200 feet wide and 2 to 17 feet .deep from Whartons Landing, the head of navigation, as far down as the Narrows, a distance of 3 miles. From the Narrows to Thorny Point, 31/2 miles, the stream expanded into a bay 1,000 to 6,000 feet wide and 2 to 5 feet deep. Near Thorny Point the depth increased and a channel 6 to 7 feet deep was available to the mouth, about 1 mile. :The total navigable length was about 7.5 miles. The discharge is very small except during freshets. Previous projects.-The first project was adopted by river and harbor act of June 10, 1872, and the expenditures thereunder amounted to $10,500. The second project was adopted by the act of September 19, 1890, and the expenditures thereunder amounted to $20,564.84, making the total cost and expenditures under previous projects to 1912, $31,064.84. For further details of previous projects see page 1793, Annual Report for 1915. : Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water and 60 to 100 feet wide from Coal Landing to the mouth, about 6 miles. The plane of reference is mean low water. The tidal ranges are: Mean, 1.6 feet; extreme, 2.2 feet; irregular, 4 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1910, was $21,400, exclusive of amount expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,600. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 579, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are four unimproved landings and one substantial wharf of solid fill bulkhead type on this waterway. Quarry Landing is the principal terminal. The landings are pri- vately owned but open to the public on equal terms. These facilities are considered to be sufficient for present traffic. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Shipments have been greatly facilitated. It is understood that freight rates have been somewhat reduced. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Miscellaneous surveys and investigations were made at a cost of $393.27, and the total expen- diture was $393.27, all applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1914. Channels and turning basin aggregating 3.8 miles in length were dredged and redredged, 250,879 cubic yards being excavated, and two concrete beacons were built. The controlling depth July, 1925, was 6.4'feet at mean low water, except in the upper section where the channel was narrow and the turning basin was shoal. The total cost and expenditures under the existing project were $33,150-$21400 for new work ad.$11,750 for maintenance. 14710--ENG 1928----31 480 REPORT : OF .0HiEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Proposed operations.-None. No funds are available nor are any required for the fiscal year 1930, as it is believed be unnecessary. will maintenance Commercial statistics.-Commerce for the calendar year 1927 is reported as 7,476 short tons valued at $153,298, the principal items in order of tonnage being building stone, 3,716 tons; forest products, 3,480 tons; general merchandise, 170 tons; and fertilizer, 110 tons. All of the commerce passed over the improved section and required the increased depth. The increase in tonnage and value is due prin- cipally to the increased shipments of building stone. The range of draft for loaded vessels for the principal items and the proportion of the total tonnage pertaining thereto is as follows: Building stone, 6 to 8 feet, 49% per cent; forest products, 4 to 8 feet, 461/2 per cent; general merchandise, 4 to 6 feet, 21/3 per cent; and chemicals, 4 to 6 feet, 1/2 per cent. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value ---------------------- 1923................ 5, 200 $120, 800 1926.................--------------------- 6, 687 $147, 622 8,600 166,100 1924------------.............------------- 1927--------------------- 7, 476 153, 298 146, 550 1925-----------....---..............--------7,725 Cost and flnancal summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928---------------------------$52, 464. 84 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------- 11, 750. 00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928----------- 64, 214. 84 Net total expenditures----- -64, 214. 84 6------------------ __-- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 .---- ___-_-_ 64, 214. 84 Fiscal year ending June 30- 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work....------------------------------------------------------------ Cost of maintenance-----.--- --- --------------------------- ----- $393. 27 Total expended--------........--------------------------$12.60 $5, 358. 12 $1, 736. 01 393. 27 Allotted..--...-------------------- ----------- ---- 7, 500.00 ---------------------- Balance unexpended July 1, 1927________________-------------------- $393. 27 Gross amount expended--------- ----------------------- 393.27 6. NOMINI CREEK, VA. Location and description.-Nomini Creek rises in Westmoreland County, Va., and flows in a northerly direction to the Potomac River, which it enters about 84 miles below Washington, D. C. The stream is about 13 miles long, the lower 6 miles being mainly tidal, with few fluvial characteristics. The section covered by the existing project is entirely tidal. The drainage area is 76 square miles, and the fluvial discharge varies from about 5 to 5,000 second-feet. Freshets have no influence on the project. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 558.) Original condition.-Priorto improvement the mouth of the creek was obstructed by a bar of oysters, oyster shells, and sand, over RIVER AND HARoRS--WA HINTON, D C., DISTRICT 481 which there was a depth of 3 feet. Above the bar there was a depth of 81/2 feet to Nomini Ferry, 4 miles from the mouth, and 5 feet for another 21/2 miles. The mean range of tide is 1.8 feet throughout the section under improvement. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-'This provides for a channel 9 feet deep at mean low water and 150 feet wide through the bar at the mouth of the creek and protection of the channel with a riprap jetty 2,410 feet long outside of White Point. The length of the section under im- provement is about 1/4 miles. The tidal ranges are: Mean, 1.8 feet; extreme, 2.2 feet; irregular, 3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1908, was $105,000. The latest (1926) approved estimate of cost of annual maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1873 (S. Ex. Doc. No. 25, 42d Cong., 3d sess.), was modified in 1879 (see Annual Report for 1879, p. 606); was modified in 1885 (see Annual Report for 1885, p. 966); was modified in 1908 (see Annual Report for 1908, p. 254). The latest published map is in Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1889, page 1003. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are seven wharves in Nomini Creek, all of which are of open-pile construction. All are open to the public on equal terms. The existing terminals appear to be adequate. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-River vessels can now reach Nomini Ferry. It is understood that freight rates have been reduced and shipments facilitated. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. hydraulic pipe-line dredge Talcott was engaged from September 16 to October 20, 1927, in dredging shoals in channel, a total of 117,181 cubic yards of material being deposited on adjacent flats at a cost of $13,846.26. Miscellaneous surveys and investigations were made at a cost of $153.74. The total cost was $14,000, and the total expenditure $12,687.83, all applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1912, at a saving of $26,554 under the estimated cost. A channel 1.1 miles long was dredged, 272,592 cubic yards being exca- vated, and a stone jetty 2,410 feet long was built, containing 7,619 cubic yards of riprap and 3,000 cubic yards of oyster shells. The channel is in fair condition and the jetty is in good condition. The controlling depth in October, 1927, was 9.8 feet at mean low water. The total cost was $109,287.83, of which $78,446.21 was for new work and $30,841.62 was for maintenance. The expenditures were the same. Proposed operations.-None. No funds are available nor are any required for the fiscal year 1930, as it is believed maintenance will be unnecessary. Commercial statistics.-Commerce for the calendar year 1927 is reported as 26,596 short tons, valued at $1,154,652, the principal items 482 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEEBS, U. S. ABMY, 1928 in order of tonnage being forest products, 18,043 tons; canned toma- toes, 2,950 tons; general merchandise, 2,420 tons; and fertilizer and lime, 1,163 tons. All of the commerce passed over the improved section, of which 70 per cent required the increased depth. The increase in tonnage is due principally to the increased shipments of forest products. The decrease in value is due principally to the decreased shipments of canned tomatoes. The range of draft for loaded vessels for the principal items, and the proportion of the total tonnage pertaining thereto, is as follows: Forest products, 6 to 8 feet, 73.4 per cent; canned tomatoes, 3 to 6 feet, 12 per cent; general merchandise, 3 to 8 feet, 10 per cent; and fertilizer and lime, 3 to 8 feet, 4.6 per cent. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1923 ....----------. 28,800 $810,000 2,500 1926-----------............ 24,101 $1,157, 900 9, 650 1924.......----------- 31,100 1, 086, 000 7,152 1927.....----------- 26, 596 1, 154, 652 2, 874 1925-----------............26, 405 1, 077,510 10,800 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928--------------------------- $78, 446. 21 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928----------------------- 30, 841. 62 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928----------- 109, 287. 83 Net total expenditures ---- ------------------------------- 109,287.83 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928--------------------- 109, 287. 83 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work---.......------------- ----------- ...........------------ ------------- Cost of maintenance--------------------...............-------........------------------------------....................... $14, 000.00 Total expended---------------- ----------- -- --- 12,687.83 Allotted -------------------------------------------------------- $14, 000.00 -1, 312.17 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 $14,000.00 --------------------------- Deduction on account of revocation of allotment----------------- 312. 17 Net amount to be accounted for ----------- ------------ 12, 687. 83 Gross amount expended-- ---------------------- $14,000.00 Less receipts from sales-------1--------------------, 312. 17 12, 687. 83 7. RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER, VA. Location and description.-The Rappahannock River rises in Vir- ginia, in the Blue Ridge Mountains, and flows southeasterly about 212 miles to Chesapeake Bay, which it enters about 40 miles above Fortress Monroe. The lower 70 miles, generally -deep, averages 11/2 miles in width, with the characteristics of a tidal estuary rather than of a river. The section under improvement is entirely tidal. The drainage area is 2,700 square miles, and the discharge at Fredericks- burg varies from 250 to 80,000 second-feet. Destructive freshets occasionally occur, usually in the spring, sometimes reaching 32 feet at Fredericksburg. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 534, 535, 536.) RIVERS AND HARBORS WASHINGTON, . C., DISTRICT D. 483 Original condition.---The river was obstructed by 20 bars between Tappahannock and Fredericksburg, with ruling depths of from 4 to 10 feet, and width of approximately 100 feet. Except for these bars there was a depth of 12 feet available from Fredericksburg, the head of navigation for large steamers, to the mouth, a distance of 107 miles. Smaller vessels could go to Falmouth, 3 miles farther up. Previous projects.-The first project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871, and was modified in 1879. The cost and expenditures under this project to 1905 were $310,645.83, of which $197,145.83 was for new work and $113,500 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1793 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for securing a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide between the mouth and Port Royal and 12 feet deep and 100 feet wide between Port Royal and Fredericksburg by dredging and the construction of 20,401 feet of crib and pile dikes and 1,906 feet of riprap stone dikes, the latter being also designed to retain the excavated material deposited behind them. The length of section included in the project is 107 miles. The plane of reference is mean low water. The tidal ranges are: Mean, 2.8 feet at Fredericksburg, 1.6 at Tappahannock; extreme, 3.5 feet at Fredericksburg, 2.5 feet at Tappahannock; irregular, 6 feet at Fredericksburg, 5 feet at Tappahannock. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1905 was $171,000, exclusive of amount expended under previous project. The latest (1926) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $22,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905 (Annual Report for 1906, pp. 1110-1113). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1910, page 1364. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-In the section under improvement, extending from Fredericksburg, Va., to Tappahannock, Va., a distance of 65 miles, there are 43 wharves, of which 13 are solid bulkhead type and 30 are open pile structures. Fourteen are foi: private use only, and 29 am. open to the public on equal terms. From Tappahannock to the mouth of the river, a distance of about 43 miles, the waterway is deep, requiring no improvement, and in this section there are about 15 open pile wharves, about half of which are for private use and half open to the public on equal terms. The existing terminals appear to be adequate. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The coastwise trade has been afforde access to the upper river. Freight and passenger service has been extensively facilitated. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. derrick boat Atlas was engaged from July 20 to October 15, 1927, in rebuilding or repairing 1,891linear feet of dikes on Fredericksburg Bar at a cost of $12,964.95. The U. S. hydraulic dredge Dalecarliawas engaged from June 7 to June 30, 1928, in dredging a basin on the flats at Bernards Bar, in which will be deposited by scows material from Fredericksburg Bar. A total of 13,652 cubic yards of material was deposited on adjacent fiats at a cost of $3,644.91. 484 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Protection work on sand fills and dikes was in progress at intervals at a cost of $1,777.62. Miscellaneous surveys, investigations, and reports were made at a cost of $506.84. The total cost was $18,894.32, the total expenditure $16,677.19, all applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1910; 20,401 feet of timber dike and 1,906 feet of stone dike containing 3,625 cubic .yards of riprap were built and maintained; channels aggregating 11.6 miles were dredged and redredged, 1,682,631 cubic yards being excavated. The dikes at Fredericksburg and the channels are in fair condition, the controlling depth May, 1928, was 9,7 feet at mean low Water. The total cost under the exist- ing project was $488,055.20, of which $217,487.20 was for new work; $270,568 was for maintenance, and the total expenditures were $484,428.61. Proposed operations.--The funds unexpended June 30, 1928, $16,422.57, will be applied as follows: Redredging channels with United States plant: One month (July, 1928), at $8,000------------------------ $8,000.00 Two-thirds month (August, 1928), at $4,500-----------------3, 000. 00 Miscellaneous surveys and investigations--------------------- 550. 00 Engineering, clerical, contingencies, etc__--------------------_ 1,204.85 Payment outstanding obligations------------------------- 3, 667. 72 16, 422. 57 It is expected that the funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1929. The sum of $30,100 can be profitably expended for maintenance during the fiscal year 1930, as follows: Redredging channels with United States plant----------------$20, 600. 00 Repairing dikes w th United States plant---------------------- 5, 000. 00 Protection of sand fills ....------ -------------------- _ 500. 00 Miscellaneous surveys and investigations------------------------ 500. 00 Engineering, clerical, and contingencies------------------------3, 500. 00 30, 100. 00 Commercial statistics.-Commerce for the calendar year 1927 is reported as 341,423 short tons, valued at $12,733,097. The principal items in order of tonnage being forest products, 156,587 tons; oysters and shells, 42,189 tons; gravel and sand, 29,952 tons; vegetable food products, 27,195 tons; fish and fish products, 22,073 tons; general merchandise, 20,109 tons; and petroleum products, 11,578 tons. Sixty-three per cent of the commerce passed over the improved sec- tion, of which 68 per cent required the increased depth. The increase in tonnage is due to the increased receipts of gravel and sand and petroleum products. The decrease in value is due to the decreased receipts of ores, metals, and manufactures of. The range of draft for loaded vessels for the principal items, and the proportion of the total tonnage pertaining thereto, is as fol- lows: Forest products 6 to 12 feet, 501/2 per cent; oysters and shells, 3 to 10 feet, 13 per cent; gravel and sand, 6 to 8 feet, 10 per cent; vegetable food products, 6 to 12 feet, 9 per cent; fish and fish prod- ucts, 3 to 12 feet, 7 per cent; general merchandise, 6 to 12 feet, 634 per cent; and petroleum products, 8 to 12 feet, 334 per cent. RIVERS AND HARBORS WASHINGTON, D. C., DISTRICT 485 Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1923---------.......... 232, 737 $11, 370, 250 37, 271 1926..--------- 323, 178 $12, 873,.590 20, 656 1924---------.......... 256,770 13, 476, 300 22, 058 1927--------- 341, 423 12, 733, 097 21, 903 1925---------.......... 268, 845 13, 463, 090 23, 745 Cost and financial summary: Cost of new work to June 30, 1928------------------------ $414, 633,03 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928. ----------------- ____,384,.068.00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------- 798, 701. 03 Add accounts receivable June 30, 1928---------- --------------- 11.13 Gross total costs to June 30, 1928 ____----- 798, 712.10 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928----------------------- 3, 637. 72 Net total expenditures------------- -------- ---------- 795, 074. 44 Unexpeilded balance June 30, 1928----------- ------- -- 16, 422. 57 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 --------- - 811, 497.01 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost ofnew work__ Cost ofmaintenance-------- --------------------------------------------- $18,894.32 Total expended............................ $41, 785. 77 $18, 079.48 $10, 235.05 $26, 878. 14 16, 677. 19 Allotted......................--------------------------... 17, 600.00 8, 800. 00 15, 000.00 35, 000. 00 2,602. 04 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927-------------------------------- $30, 498. 72 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 23, 1928-------------- ------------------------ 13, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for _____________--------43, 498. 72 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment___-_____------ 10, 398.96 Net amount to be accounted for___---- 33, 099. 76 Gross amount expended _--------------___- __ $27, 076.15 Less receipts from sales-------------------------- 10, 398. 96 16, 677. 19 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928- ------_____ ----- 16, 422. 57 __ Outstanding liabilties June 30, 1928-------------------------- 3, 667. 72 Balance available June 30, 1928----------------------- 12, 754. 85 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 30, 1930, for maintenance 0 30,100.00 8. MULBERRY CREEK, VA. Location and description---Mulberry Creek is in Lancaster County, Va. It is a tidal stream about 21/2 miles in length, varying in width from 500 feet to 800 feet, and spreading into a bay which enters the left bank of the Rappahannock River 26 miles above the mouth. The drainage area is 2.7 square miles, with a very small fluvial dis- charge for which no data are available. (See U. S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey Chart No. 535.) 1 Exclusive of available funds. 486 REPORT OF ICHIEF ,OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 2 8 Original condition.-The mouth of the creek is obstructed by a sand bar with a controlling depth of 41/2 feet. Inside of the bar there is a basin with a depth of 51/2 feet, with a soft mud bottom for a distance of three-quarters of a mile. Upstream for three-quarters of a mile there is a 3-foot depth to the head of navigation. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 100 feet wide and 6 feet deep at mean low water, with a length of 900 feet through the bar at the mouth of the creek. The plane of reference is mean low water. The tidal ranges are: Mean, 1.7 feet; extreme, 2.6 feet; irregular, 4.5 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1924 is $2,500. It is not thought that any maintenance dredging will be required. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of January 21, 1927 (H. Doc. No. 482, 68th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommendedn modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of January 21, 1927, provides that the local interests shall provide dumping areas for the dredged material within 800 feet from the dredged channel. The dumping areas have been furnished. Terminal facilities.-There are three private oyster-shucking wharves, one cannery, and one oyster-shell grinding plant, all near the mouth of the creek, and four shore landings farther upstream are' open to the public. The existing facilities are considered adequate. Effect of improvement.-Sufficient time has not elapsed since completion of the improvement to determine the effect on navigation. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. hydraulic pipe-line dredge Dalecarlia was engaged from May 26 to June 2, 1928, in dredging the channel through the bar at mouth of creek, a total of 8,554 cubic yards of material being deposited on adjacent flats at a cost of $1,384.43. The total cost for the fiscal year under the existing project was $1,384.43, and the expenditure $1,088.78, all applied to new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1928, by dredging a channel 900 feet in length, 8,554 cubic yards of material being excavated. The channel is in good condi- tion, the controlling depth in June, 1928, being 6.5 feet at mean low water. The total cost under the existing project was $1,384.43 and the total expenditure $1,088.78, all of which was for new work. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1928, $1,411.22, will be applied to the payment of deferred accounts and outstanding obligations. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930, as it is not believed that maintenance will be necessary. Commercial statistics.-Commerce for the calendar year 1927 is reported as 15,743 short tons, valued at $407,818, the principal items in order of tonnage being oysters and shells, 11,543 tons; vegetable food products, 2,300 tons; and forest products, 1,250 tons. The increase in tonnage is due principally to increased shipments of oyster shells and forest products. The decrease in value is due to the falling off in shipments of shucked oysters. RIVERS AND HAR3BORS-'FASHINGTON, D. C., DISTRICT 487 The range in draft for loaded vessels, for the principal items, and the proportion of the total tonnage pertaining thereto, is as follows: Oysters and shells, 3 to 6 feet, 76.5 per cent; vegetable food products, 3 to 6 feet, 15.2 per cent; and forest products, 4 to 6 feet, 8.3 per cent. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1923_------ - - -.-. 9,859 $423,520 1926. .... ' ... 13,865 $613,195 1924---------------------(1)----- 1927 743 15, 407,818 1925_--------------------- () 1None reported. s Cost and flnacia snmmry Cost of new work to June 30, 1928--- .----------- ----- -- $1,384. 43 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928.-. ----- - Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928- __- --- __ 1, 384.43 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928------------------------ 295. 65 Net total expenditures--------------------------------- 1, 088. 78 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 --- -______---------------- 1,411. 22 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928---------------- 2, 500.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 ...........---------------------------------- $1, 384.43 Cost of new work-----------------------.......................... Cost of maintenance...---------.........---------......... ...------ --.... -------------------- ------------ Total expended-------------.................----------..........-------------------------------------- 1,088.78 Allotted---------------------........................ ..---------.------------- ------------ ..............---------... 2, 500.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 23, 1928...----------------- ------------------ $2,500. 00 .. ----------------------------- Gross amount expended-------- 1, 088.78 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928-- --------------------- 1, 411.22 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928 ------------------------- 295.65 Balance available June 30, 1928------------__ 1,115.57 9. URBANNA CREEK, VA. Location and description.-Urbanna Creek rises in Virginia, flows in an easterly direction about 5 miles to the Rappahannock River, which it enters about 15 miles above its mouth, and is mainly tidal. The average width between banks is one-fourth of a mile. The section covered by the existing project is entirely tidal. The drainage area is 15 square miles, and the discharge is small; data not available. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 535.) Origin4acondition.-Therewas a bar at the mouth over which the ruling depth was 61/2 feet, and there was a shoal within the creek with a ruling depth of 7 feet; the width of the channel was about 100 feet. Except for these bars there was a depth of 10 feet avail- 488 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 able as far as Urbanna Wharf, nine.tenths of a mile. Small boats could proceed 2 or 3 miles farther up. Previous prjects.-None. Eristing project.--This provides for dredging a channel 150 feet wide and 10 feet deep, at mean low water, nine-tenths of a mile, through the outer and inner bars with a turning basin of the same depth at the head of steamboat navigation, and for jetties to protect the channel through the outer bar. The jetties are 2,612 feet long- one of riprap 1,895 feet long, and one of timber 717 feet long. The plane of reference is mean low water. The tidal ranges are: Mean, 1.5 feet; extreme, 2.5 feet; irregular, 4.5 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1897, was $70,000. The latest (1917) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879 (Annual Report for 1875, vol. 2, p. 139). It was modified in 1883, 1888, and 1897. The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1890, page 1070. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-This waterway has 10 improved wharves of open-pile construction, 4 of which are open to the public on equal terms. There are several shore landings intermittently used by craft for embarking lumber, one of which is owned by the county of Middlesex and is open to all on equal terms, and there are several small wharves used for private purposes and of no commercial im- portance. These facilities are considered adequate for the present and prospective needs of commerce. (For a full description of ter- minal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d. sess.) Effect of improvement.-The steamboats of the line operating from Baltimore and Norfolk to the Rappahannock River can reach the wharves at Urbanna, and landings are made there three days a week, or two days from Baltimore and one day from Norfolk, while daily landings are made in the main river at West Urbanna, which is 2 miles from Urbanna. The landing in Urbanna Creek avoids this haul. There has been no apparent effect on freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Preparations were made for redredging channels during the fiscal year 1929, with United States plant at a cost of $180.39. The total cost was $180.39, and the expenditure amounted to minus $140.34 due to an excess of receipts over expenditures, applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1914, at a saving of $31,188 under the estimated cost. The jetties were finished in 1913, the dredging in 1914. A total of 216,359 cubic yards of material has been dredged, 452 linear feet of brush and oyster-shell dikes have been built, 1,895 linear feet of stone jetty have been completed by placing 3,937 cubic yards of riprap, and 717 linear feet of timber dike have been built. The stone jetty is ingood condi- tion, about 70 per cent of the timber dike has been destroyed, and the channel has narrowed, the controlling depth in December, 1927, was 9.2 feet at mean low water. The total cost under the existing project was $68,940.05, of which $38,811.77 was for new work and $30,128.28 was for maintenance. The total expenditures were $68,759.66. RIVERS AND HARBORS WASHINGTON D. C., DISTRICT 489 Proposedoperations.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1928, $8,000, will be applied as follows: Redredging channel with U. S. hydraulic pipe line dredge, 11/2 months (September and October, 1928), at $4,500- ____ - __ - $6, 750.00 Miscellaneous surveys and investigations.. _- ------------------- 400. 00 Engineering, clerical, contingencies, etc- -.------------------------ 669. 61 Payment outstanding obligations- _-_ -------------------------- 180. 39 $8, 000. 00 It is expected that the funds unexpended will be practically ex- hausted by June 30, 1929. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930, as it is not believed that maintenance will be necessary. Commercial statistics.-Commerce for the calendar year 1927 is reported as 27,302 short tons, valued at $1,576,225, the principal items in order of tonnage being forest products, 7,625 tons; fish, oysters and shells, 7,231 tons; general merchandise, 4,234 tons; petroleum products, 2,221 tons; and vegetable food products, 1,934 tons. All of the commerce passed over the improved section, of which 82 per cent required the increased depth. The decrease in tonnage and value is due principally to the decreased receipts of forest products, nonmetallic minerals, machinery and vehicles, and shipments of forest products. The range of draft for loaded vessels for the principal items and the proportion of the total tonnage pertaining thereto is as follows: Forest products, 6 to 10 feet, 32.8 per cent; fish, oysters and shells, 3 to 10 feet, 31.1 per cent; general merchandise, 3 to 10 feet, 18.2 per cent; petroleum products, 8 to 10 feet, 9.5 per cent; and vegetable food products, 3 to 10 feet, 8.4 per cent. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1923-----------.......... 31,138 $1,368,000 3,558 1926-----------............ 42, 237 $1, 884, 219 3,409 1924 ----------- 27, 130 1, 491, 640 2, 750 1927-----------............ 27, 302 1, 576, 225 3,331 19256----------- 36,195 1,844, 616 3, 900 Cost and flnanoial sum~mary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928-----------------------------$38, 811. 77 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928-------------- -------- 30, 128.28 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928---------------- 68, 940.05 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928--------------------------- 180. 39 Net total expenditures__-------------------_-- -68, 759. 66 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928..--------------- _--__ 8, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------- 76, 759. 66 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work ..------................. r Cost of maintenance------------------------------------------------------------- $180.39 Total expended--------------....... --- .-.- - -.........-... ,. -140. 34 Allotted.-----------------.-.--..------- ---------------------.--............ 7, 859.66 490 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928 ----------------------------------------- $8, 000. 00 Deductions on account of revocation of allotmen------------ ------- 140. 34 Net amount to be accounted for-.------------------- - 7, 859.66 Gross amount expended------------------------------ $0. 00 Less receipts from sale ..------- --- -------------- 140.34 -140.34 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928----------------------- 8, 000. 00 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928---------------------------- 180. 39 Balance available June 30, 1928--------------- ------- 7, 819.'61 10. LOCKLIES CTEEK, VA. Location and description.--Locklies Creek rises in Virginia and flows in an easterly direction about 1/ miles to the Rappahannock River, which it enters above Parrott Island on the right bank about 9 ailes above its mouth. The average width between banks is 600 feet, and the creek is entirely tidal in the section covered by the exist- ing project. The drainage area is 2 square miles, but no data of the discharge are available. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 534.) Original condition.-The main entrance shoals gradually from deep water in the Rappahannock River to 6 feet at the mouth, while within the creek 8 to 10 feet is available in a narrow winding chan- nel. Leading immediately south of the mouth of Locklies Creek be- tween Parrott Island and the mainland is a shallow thoroughfare with a ruling depth of 2 feet for a channel width of about 100 feet, which is used by small boats at high tide to make transshipments to the Baltimore Steamship Line at Mill Creek Wharf, about 1 mile distant. At low tide or when the thoroughfare is bare, due to ad- verse winds, a dangerous 3-mile trip outside Parrott Island must be made in the exposed portion.of the deep water in the Rappahannock River. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 100 feet wide and 4 feet deep at mean low water two-thirds of a mile through the thoroughfare. The plane of reference is mean low water. The tidal ranges are: Mean, 1.3 feet; extreme, 2.3 feet; irregular 4.3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1923, was $12,100. The latest (1928) approved estimate for the annual cost of main- tenance is $500. The existing project was adopted-by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. No. 612, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, provides that local interests shall, if required, furnish dump- ing grounds for dredged material on either side of the channel, not less than 500 nor more than 1,000 feet therefrom. This provision was made to cover the possibility of oyster grounds being developed where it might be necessary to deposit materials dredged from the cut. Releases have been obtained from oyster-ground lessees and from the State of Virginia for abandoned oyster grounds covering all land affected by the proposed work. RIVERS AND HARBORS WASHINGTON, D. C., DISTRICT 491 Termninal facilities.-There are no wharves directly served by the improved channel, which carries transshipments in small boats to the Mill Creek Steamboat wharf. In Locklies Creek there are only several landing stages which are considered sufficient for present traffic. Effect of improvement.-The passage of small boats from Locklies Creek to the steamboat wharf in Mill Creek has been facilitated. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done and no funds were available. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1924 by dredging a channel 0.5 mile long, 30,156 cubic yards of material being excavated. The channel is in good condition, the controlling depth in June, 1925, being 4.2 feet at mean low water. The total cost and expenditure under the existing project was $12,100, of which $11,581.22 was for new work and $518.78' for maintenance. Proposed operations.-None. No funds are available nor are any required for the fiscal year 1930, as it isbelieved maintenance will be unnecessary. Commercial statistics.-Commerce for the calendar year 1927 is reported as 7,815 short tons, valued at $361,605, the principal items in order of tonnage being oysters and shells, 3,600 tons; forest prod- ucts, 1,960 tons; vegetable food products, 1,540. tons; and general merchandise, 600 tons. All of the commerce passed over the im- proved section, of which 85 per cent required the increased depth. The decrease in tonnage and value is due principally to the decreased shipments of animals and animal products. The range of draft: for loaded vessels for the principal items, and the proportion of the total tonnage pertaining thereto is as follows: Oysters and shells, 3 to 6 feet, 46.7 per cent; forest products, 4 to 6 feet, 25.5 per cent; vegetable food products, 3 to 6 feet, 20 per cent; and general merchandise, 4 to 6 feet, 7.8 per cent. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers 1925---------- --------- --------------------------------- 6,700 $127,000 200 1926-------- -------------------------------------------- 8,030 394,730 1,500 1927-- --------------..................------------- ------------------------ 7,815 361,605 1,625 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928,__,__-------_-_______ $11, 581.22 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928____ ___------------------ - 518. 78 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928----------.. 12, 100.00 Net total expenditures---------_- - __-_-_- - -- -- 12,100. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928_-------------- ---- 12, 100. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work... . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . Cost of manenewor ------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ------ Allotted.... ----------------------- $8,000. 00------ ............ ............--------------------- 492 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY 1928 11. YORK RIVER, VA. Location and deeoription.-The York River is formed at West Point, Va., by the confluence of the Mattaponi and Pamunkey Rivers, and flows southeasterly about 41 miles into Chesapeake Bay, which it enters about 20 miles in a northerly direction from Norfolk, Va., and 20 miles in a northwesterly direction from the Atlantic Ocean at Cape Henry. The York River has the characteristics of a tidal estuary with an average width of 1,/4 miles. The drainage area is 2,500 square miles. The low-water discharge is about 250 second-feet and high-water discharge is about 75,000 second-feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 494 and 495.) Original condition.-There was an available depth of 24 feet for the entire river except for Poropotank Bar, 32 miles above the mouth, with a ruling depth of 181/2 feet, and West Point Bar, at the head of the York River, with a ruling depth of 151/2 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 22 feet deep at mean low water and 400 feet wide through the bars, and a basin of the same depth at the wharves at West Point, and the con- struction of a dike on the right bank at West Point to assist in main- taining the channel. The estimate of cost for new work, modified in 1887, was $308,800. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880 (Annual Report for 1880, p. 897). It was modified in 1884 and 1887. The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1894, page 964. Reconmznded modif cations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-In general the improvement is to the main river channel, so that terminal facilities are only served directly at West Point, Va. In all there are 20 wharves on the York River, dis- tributed as follows: West Point (mouth of Pamunkey Allmonds--------------------- 1 River) ---------------------- 2 Yorktown--------------------10 Claybank ----------------- -- 1 Gloucester Point---------------- 6 These wharves are of open pile construction. All of the wharves, with the exception of two at Yorktown, are privately owned and are open to the public by special arrangement. The facilities are con- sidered adequate for the existing commerce. Effect of iz provemend.-The improvement under the existing project was of considerable benefit to commerce in years past in per- mitting deep-draft cotton-carrying ocean-going vessels to reach the railroad terminal at West Point Va. Within recent years shoaler- draft coastwise vessels have been facilitated in handling commerce. The improved section of the river forms a part of the Baltimore, Md., and West Point, Va., water transportation route, which is a factor in determining the basic key rate for rail tariffs to the South and West. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Miscellaneous surveys and investigations were made at a cost of $3,670.09. RIVERS AND HARIORS-WASHINGTON, D. C., DISTRICT 493 The total cost for the year was $3,670.09, and the total expenditure was $4,965.45, applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was about 75 per cent completed in 1899; the part not completed was the dredging of the channels to the full project width of 400 feet, which was not con- sidered necessary at that time and subsequently the navigation on the York River has not justified completing the project. A pile and timber dike 10,142 feet in length was built at West Point, and chan- nels aggregating 2.5 miles were dredged and redredged, 1,296,805 cubic yards of material being excavated. The channels are in fair condition and considered adequate for the present navigation with controlling depths as follows: Name Depth Width Date Feet Fet Poropotank Bar------------- -------------------------------- 20 200 July, 1905. West Point Bar----------------------------------------------19 200 March, 1927. Basin, West Point--------------------------------------------22-------- April, 1927. The dike at West Point is in poor condition. The total cost under the existing project was $308,578.93, of which $80,655.70 was applied to maintenance subsequent to March 3, 1899, and the total expenditure was $307,802.43. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1928, $2,839.55, will be applied as follows: Miscellaneous surveys and investigations-- .---- ------ $1,000. 00 Payment of deferred accounts and outstanding liabilities--_---- - 1,839, 55 2, 839.55 It is expected that the funds unexpended will be exhausted by June 30, 1929. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930, as it is not believed that maintenance will be necessary. Commiercial statistics.-Commerce for the calendar year 1927 is reported as 311,923 short tons, valued at $27,238,136. The principal items in order of tonnage being forest products, 80,477 tons; general merchandise, 67,382 tons; cement and gravel, 31,831 tons; fish, oysters, and shells, 31,650 tons; petroleum products, 20,245 tons; sugar and molasses, 15,933 tons; naval ordnances, stores, and explosives, 14,662 tons, and potatoes and other fresh vegetables, 9,664 tons. Seventy per cent of the commerce passed over the improved section, of which 68 per cent required the increased depth at West Point, Va. The in- crease in tonnage and value is due principally to the increased ship- ments of forest products. The range of draft for loaded vessels for the principal items and the proportion of the total tonnage pertaining thereto is as follows: Forest products, 6 to 12 feet, 292/3 per cent; general merchandise, 31/2 to 15 feet, 243/4 per cent; cement and gravel, 6 to 12 feet, 113/, per cent; fish, oysters, and shells, 3 to 12 feet, 113/4 per cent; petroleum prod- ucts, 6 to 16 feet, .071/3 per cent; sugar and molasses, 10 to 15 feet, .0534%pez cent; naval ordnances, stores, and explosives, 10 fo 1l feet, .051/2 per cent, and potatoes and other fresh vegetables, 3 to 12 feet, .031/2 per cent. 494 REPORT OF RCHIEF' OF ENGINEERS;, U. . ARMY, 1928 Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1923-........ 279,775 $26, 506, 575 56, 457 1926---.....-- .. 286, 131 $27, 225, 348 56,031 1924..........228, 864 25, 775, 440 53,116 1927_----.--- 311, 923 27, 238,136 54, 122 1925-.......-------.. 250, 890 25, 148,010 56, 212 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928------------------------_ $227, 923.23 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928_-----------_------ 80, 655. 70 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928---------------- 308, 578. 93 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928--------------------------- 776. 50 Net total expenditures ---------------------------- 307, 802.43 Unexpended balance June 30, 192811 2, 839. 55 Total Amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 ______-___---310, 641.98 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new Work ....'... . . . . .. . .. .. . . -. . .-. -.. .. . . ..- .- . . . Cbst of maintenance-----..................... ...------ ---------------......--... ......... . $3, 670.09 Total expended-- ------------------------------------------------ $20, 185.49 4,965.48 Allotted--------------------------- ...------------------------ 35, 000. 00 -7, 009. 5 1 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927_--__--.. ---------------- $14, 814.51 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment----------------- 7, 009. 51 Net amount to be accounted for____ __ -- - ___________ 7, 805. 00 Gross amount expended ------------------------ $11,974. 96 Less receipts from sales--------------------------- 7, 009. 51 4, 965.45 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928_ ------ __- __ 2, 839.55 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928 .--- .----------- ---- 776. 50 Balance available June 30, 1928 ______----- -2, 063. 05 12. ,MATTAPONI RIVER, VA. Location and description.---The Mattaponi River rises in Virginia and flows in a southeasterly direction for about 120 miles to its junc- tion with the Pamunkey River at Westpoint, Va., forming the York River, and averages about one-fourth of a mile between banks. Above Dunkirk, for 79 miles, the river is nontidal, having a mod- erate current; below that point, 41 miles, it is tidal. The drainage area is 800 square miles. The discharge varies from 50 to 20,000 second-feet. Freshets occur in the spring. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 504.) Original condition.-There was an available depth of 10 feet as far as Walkerton, 28 miles. Between Walkerton and Aylett, 10 miles, there were seven bars with ruling depths of 2:4 to 3.8 feet. The width of the channel then in use was about 100 feet. The river was obstructed by wrecks, logs, snags, and overhanging trees. From Aylett to Guinea Bridge, 63 miles, the stream was narrow, with a RIVERS AND HARBORS WASHINGTON D. C., DISTRICT 495 slope of 2 to 3 feet per mile, and its only commercial use was for logging. Tidal action extends ordinarily as far as Dunkirk, 41 miles from the mouth. The head of navigation was Aylett. The length of the navigable portion was 38 miles. Previous projects.-The previous project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880 (Annual Report for 1875, vol. 2, p. 166), and modified by river and harbor act of July 13, 1892. The cost and expenditures under this project were $111,689.71, of which $54,899.72 was for new work and maintenance prior to March 3, 1899, and $56,789.99 for maintenance since March 3, 1899. For further details of previous project see page 531 of Annual Report for 1918. Existing project.-This provides, for securing a channel 51/2 feet deep and 75 feet wide to Pointers, and the removal of snags, logs, and overhanging trees obstructing navigation to Dunkirk. The length of the section in which snagging alone is provided, extending from Pointers, 5 miles above Walkerton, Va., to Dunkirk, Va., is 8 miles. The distance from the mouth of the river to Walkerton, Pointers, and Dunkirk are 28, 33, and 41 miles, respectively. The plane of reference is mean low water. The tidal ranges are: Mean,, 3.9 feet at Walkerton, 2.9 feet at Westpoint; extreme, 4.5 feet at Walkerton, 3.9 feet at Westpoint; irregular, 7 feet at Walkerton, 6 feet at Westpoint. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1915 was $7,000, but the project was completed without cost through maintenance operations under the previous {project. The latest (1926) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 861, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map will be found in the Annual Report for 1910, page 1356. Recommended modifications of project.-None. L ocal cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-PointersWharf, an open-pile structure, is the principal terminal in the portion of the waterway covered by the dredging project. This wharf is closed to public use. In the por- tion of the waterway covered by the dredging project there are two shore landings, one of which is open to the public on equal terms. In the portion of the waterway above the dredging project, where only snagging operations are done, one wharf, an open-pile structure, and six shore landings exist. All are open to the public on equal terms. In the deep portion of the waterway below Walkerton, where im- provement is unnecessary, there are about 12 wharves of open-pile construction and about 13 shore landings. It is believed that another wharf owned, controlled, or open to the general public should be con- structed near Pointers; otherwise the terminal facilities are consid- ered adequate. (For a full description of terminal facilities see l. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Steamers can now make their calls at river landings without reference to the tide. Shipments have been facilitated, and it is understood that freight rates have been some- what reduced. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The United States der- rick boat Atlas was engaged from July 1 to 13, 1927, in removing 14710---NG 1928---32 496 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 snags and overhanging trees from Rowes Spout to Jones Landing at a cost of $1,824.93. Miscellaneous surveys and investigations were made at a cost of $175.60. The total cost was $2,000.53 and the total expenditure $864.30, all applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The existing project was com- pleted in 1919. Channels aggregating 2.3 miles were dredged and re- dredged, 49,108 cubic yards of material being excavated. The chan- nels are in good condition. The controlling depth in May, 1928, was 5.7 feet at mean low water. The total cost under the existing project was $23,633.73 and was applied to maintenance. No expenditure for new work was made for the existing project, as channels of project dimensions had been secured by the operating requirements of hy- draulic dredges under the previous project. The total expenditures were $23,578.40. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1928, $4,866.94, will be applied as follows: Redredging channels with United States hydraulic pipe line dredge, five-sixth month (October, 1928) at $4,500------_-.--,__--- _____ $3,750.00 Miscellaneous surveys and investigations ---------------------- 400.00 Engineering, clerical, contingencies, etc- 47. 21 6----------------------- Payment outstanding obligations------------------------------- 69. 73 4, 866. 94 It is expected that the funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1929. The sum of $4,000 can be profitably expended for maintenance during the fiscal year 1930, as follows: Snagging with United States plant----- ---------------- _-- .... $3, 200 Miscellaneous surveys and investigations----------------------- 350 Engineering, clerical, contingencies, etc-- 50 4------------------- 4, 000 Commercial statistics.-Commerce for the calendar year 1927 is reported as 103,338 short tons valued at $1,387,374. The principal items in order of tonnage being forest products 99,190 tons, general merchandise 1,409 tons, nonmetallic minerals 1,132 tons, and chem- icals 949 tons. 95 per cent of the commerce passed over the improved section of which 95 per cent required the increased depth. The decrease in tonnage and value is due principally to the decrease in shipments of lumber. The range of draft for loaded vessels for the principal items and the proportion of the total tonnage pertaining thereto is as follows: Forest products 5 to 10 feet 961/4 per cent; general mer- chandise 6 to 10 feet 11 per cent; nonmetallic minerals 4 to 10 feet one-fourth of 1 per cent, and chemicals 5 to 10 feet 1 per cent. Comparative statement C RIVERS ATND HARBORS WASHINGTON, D. .,DISTRICT 497 Oost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928--------------- ----------- $54, 899. 72 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------- 80, 423. 72 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928--------- 135, 323.44 Add accounts receivable June 30, 1928-------------- --------- 14.40 Gross total costs to June 30, 1928---------------------- 135, 337. 84 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928_ 9. 73 6---------------------- Net total expenditures ------------------------------ 135, 268. 11 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928---------------------------- 4, 866. 94 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-------------- 140, 135.05 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost ofnew work... .............. .................... ........................ Costof maintenance.....---------------------------------------- ------------------- $2,000.53 Total expended---------............................ $451.20 $9, 017.96 $1, 211.36 $1, 134. 78 864. 36 Allotted----------------------.........................-------..... 8,200.00 2500.00 1000.00 8,000.00 -2,604.66 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 -- _--_-------------------- $8, 335. 90 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928--------------------------------- --- -- 1, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for---------------------------- 9,335.90 Deduction' on account of revocation of allotment_ ------------- 3, 604. 66 Net amount to be accounted for-. ---------------------- 5, 731. 24 Gross amount expended----------------------- $4, 468.96 Less receipts from sales---------------------- .----- 3, 604. 66 864. 30 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 ----------------------- 4, 866. 94 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928___-------------------------- 69. 73 Balance available June 30, 1928 ___------------------------_ 4, 797.21 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance ---------------- ------ 4, 000. 00 13. PAMUNKEY RIVER, VA. Location and description.-The Pamunkey River rises in Virginia, flows in a southeasterly direction for 130 miles to its junction with the Mattaponi River at Westpoint, Va., forming the York River. The upper 74 miles are nontidal and have a moderate current. The average width between banks is one-fourth of a mile. Its drainage area is 1,406 square miles and its discharge varies from 150 to 40,000 second-feet. Freshets rise 22 feet at Hanovertown, 61 miles above the mouth. The lower 50 miles, which include the entire section under improvement, are tidal. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 504.) Original condition.--A draft of 7 feet could be carried to Buck- land Bar. Between this bar and Bassett Ferry there were five bars, 1 Exclusive of available funds. 498 REPORT,OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARKY, 1928 with ruling depths varying from 21/2 to 51/ feet. The width of the channel was about 100 feet. There were additional bars in the 11 miles between Bassett Ferry and Hanovertown, the original upper limit of the improvement, and the river was also obstructed by wrecks, logs, snags, and overhanging trees. The head of navigation for all craft was Newcastle Ferry, 53 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for securing a channel 7 feet, deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide between Bassett Ferry and the mouth of the river, a distance of 50 miles. The plane of reference is mean low water. The tidal ranges are: Mean, 2.9 feet at West- pointV 4 feet at Newcastle Ferry; extreme, 3.5 feet at Westpoint, 5, feet at Newcastle Ferry; irregular, 6 feet at Westpoint, 7.5 feet at Newcastle Ferry. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1875 was $17,508. The estimated cost was modified in 1908 to $55,000 to cover increased depth and width of channel below Bassett Ferry. The latest (1926) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $4,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880. (Annual Report for 1875, Part II, p. 162.) The project was modified in 1885 and 1908 partly by increasing the depth and width of channel below Bassett Ferry and partly by omitting the portion of the river above Bassett Ferry. The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1890, page 1074. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terniinal facilities.-There are no wharves existing in the im- proved section. Six shore landings are located along the banks where deep water is available. These landing places are open to the public on equal terms, and as terminal points they are considered of insignificant importance; however, they appear to be adequate for the requirements of present and prospective commerce. In the deep portion of the waterway below the section under improvement there exist 20 wharves or landings, of which about half are open to the public on equal terms. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Shipments have been facilitated, and it is stated that freight rates have been reduced. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Deferred charges for snagging in previous fiscal year were paid at a cost of $57.50. ,Mis- cellaneous surveys and investigations were made at a cost of $186.89. The total cost was $244.39 and the expenditure amounted to minus $465.87 due to an excess of receipts over expenditures, applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1913, at a saving of about $15,000 under the estimated cost. Channels aggregating 1.6 miles were dredged and redredged, 138,937 cubic yards being excavated. Longitudinal sheet-pile dikes, aggre- gating 1,478 linear feet, and permeable spur dikes, aggregating 2,332 linear feet, have been built. The dikes are in good condition. The controlling depth in May, 1928, was 5.8 feet at mean low water, except at the extreme upper end of the project. The total cost was. RIVERS ANID HARBORS WASHINGTON , D. O., IDISTRICT 49 $96,883.40, of which $39,666.23 was for new work and maintenance prior to March 3, 1899, and $57,217.17 for maintenance since March 3, 1899. The total expenditures were $96,826.54. Proposed operations.---The funds unexpended June 30, 1928, $4,773.58, will be appliecd as follows: Redredging channels with United States hydraulic pipe-line dredge, five-sixths month (November, 1928) at $4,500----------------- $3, 750. 00 Miscellaneous surveys and investigations------------------------ 250. 00 Engineering, clerical, contingencies, etc, -------------- --- 716. 72 Payment outstanding liabilities----- 56. 86 4, 773. 58 It is expected that the funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1929. The sum of $5,000 can be profitably expended for maintenance during the fiscal year 1930, as follows: Snagging with United States plant_... - -- ---- ______--- $4,000.00 Miscellaneous surveys and investigations----------------------- 350.00 Engineering, clerical, contingencies, etc--------------- ---------- 650. 00 5, 000. 00 Commercial statistics.-Commerce for the calendar year 1927 is reported as 191,609 short tons valued at $1,248,119. The principal items in order of tonnage being forest products, 189,643 tons; chemi- cals, 1,071 tons; and general merchandise, 515 tons; 90 per cent of the commerce passed over the improved section, of which 95 per cent required the increased depth. The increase in tonnage and value is due principally to the increased receipts of pulpwood. The range of draft for loaded vessels for the principal items and the proportion of the total tonnage pertaining thereto is as follows: Forest products, 5 to 10 feet, 99 per cent; and chemicals and general merchandise, 5 to 10 feet, 1 per cent. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1923-----......---------------63, 550 $700, 100 1926. .-------------------- 100, 411 $770, 411 1924-.-------------------- 134, 280 1,056, 000 1927--------------------191, 609 1, 248, 119 1925..--------------------- 85, 610 694, 650 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928__ ---------__ ------- $39, 666. 23 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928-- --- _-------------- 57, 217. 17 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928-------------96, 883. 40 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928_---_______ __------56. 86 Net total expenditures- -- 96, 826. 54 _----------------------- Unexpended balance June 30, 1928------------------------------- 4, 773.58 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 -------------. 101, 600. 12 500 0OF CIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 REPORTI Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work.......................-------- -------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance.. ..................... ................. ,- - - ....... - $2....39 Total expended--- ..------------------ $158. 63 $9,119. 61 $2,513.38 $2,447.45 -465.87 Allotted-..... ....--------------- ------. 9, 700.00 2,550.00 1,000.00 8,000.00 -2, 861.85 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927------------------------------- $7, 169. 56 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928------------------------------------------------- 800. 00 Amount to be accounted for----------------------------- 7, 969. 56 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment ---------- 3, 661. 85 Net amount to be accounted for_------------------- 4, 307. 71 Gross amount expended-------------------------- $3, 195. 98 Less receipts from sales ----------------------------- 3, 661. 85 -465. 87 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 ____-- __---------4, 773. 58 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928__-------------------------- 56. 86 Balance available June 30, 1928------------------------- 4, 716. 72 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - 30, 1930, for maintenance 5, 000. 00 STATEMENT OF APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPENDITURES ON WORKS OF RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENT TO JUNE 30, 1928 IN THE WASHINGTON, D. C., DISTRICT Appropriations (or allotments) : Seacoast harbors and channels----- ....-. ----------. $4, 655, 423. 18 Internal waterways--- ------- _ _--_ -- ----- 4, 293, 873.53 Expenditures (exclusive of receipts from sales, etc.) : New work------------------------------- 6, 329, 271. 63 Maintenance -------------------------------------------- 2, 468, 923.38 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED SEPTEMBER 22, 1922, MARCH 3, 1925 AND JANUARY 21, 1927 Reports on preliminary examinations and surveys required by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1925, and January 21, 1927, of the following localities within this district were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress and printed in documents as indicated: 1. Preliminaryeaxerainationand survey of Monroe Bay and Creek, Va.-Reports dated August 14, 1926, and November 19, 1927, with map, are printed in House Document No. 172, Seventieth Congress, first session. A plan of improvement is presented which provides for a channel 8 feet deep and 100 feet wide at the entrance and a channel within the creek 7 feet deep and 100 feet wide, with a turning and anchorage basin 500 feet wide at the upper end in the vicinity of the Colonial Beach waterworks, at an estimated cost of $15,200, with $700 annually for maintenance. 2. Preliminary eamzination and survey of Horn Harbor, Va., and channel leading into the deep waters of Mobjack Bay.-Reports 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS WASHINGTON, D. C., DISTRICT :501 dated June 14, 1926, and September 15, 1927, with map, are printed in House Document No. 124, Seventieth Congress, first session. A plan of improvement is presented which provides for a channel 7 feet deep and 100 feet wide at the entrance at an estimated cost of $12,000 with $1,000 annually for maintenance, this improvement being recommended subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. 3. Preliminary ewamination and survey of Cockrells Creek, Va.- Reports dated May 15, 1926, and August 12, 1927, with map, are printed in House Document No. 107, Seventieth Congress, first ses- sion. A plan of improvement is presented which provides for a channel 18 feet deep and 180 feet wide, extending from the entrance to the deep water south of Tims Point, at an estimated cost of $59,000 with $1,500 annually for maintenance, this improvement being rec- ommended subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. 4. Preliminary examination and survey of Smith Creek, Md.- Reports dated October 1, 1927, and December 1, 1927, with map, are printed in House Document No. 177, Seventieth Congress, first ses- sion. A plan of improvement is presented which provides for a channel 12 feet deep and 150 feet wide across the bar, at an estimated cost of $7,500, with $800 annually for maintenance, this improve- ment being recommended subject to certain conditions of local coop- eration. Reports on preliminary examinations required by the river and harbor acts of September 22, 1922, and January 21, 1927, of the following localities within this district were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress but have not yet been printed: 1. Preliminary examination and survey of southeast entrance to Milford Haven Harbor, Va.-Reports dated June 30, 1923, and August 29, 1927, were transmitted to Congress April 13, 1928. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. 2. Preliminary examination of Beach Creek, Va.-Report dated October 4, 1927, was transmitted to Congress February 7, 1928. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1925, and January 21, 1927, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Potomac River, the water front on the north side of the Wash- ington Channel, D. C., with a view of surveying same, etc. 2. Mathews Creek, Mathews County, Va., and channel connecting said creek with East River. 3. Nomini Bay and Creek, Va. 4. Mill Creek, Middlesex County, Va., and channel connecting said creek with Rappahannock River. 5. Carters Creek, Lancaster County, Va. By resolution of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors of the House of Representatives, dated February 29, 1928, a review of re- ports on Horn Harbor, Va., printed in House Document No. 124, Seventieth Congress, first session, is requested, and report thereon will be submitted as soon as practicable. 502 °REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S ARMY, 19 2 8 IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT This district includes the watersheds. tributary to Chesapeake Bay, from and including Onancock River, Va., on the east shore, southerly to Cape;Charles, Va., and from and including Back River, Va., on the west shore, southerly and easterly to the Atlantic Ocean at Cape Henry, Va.; the watersheds tributary to: the Atlantic Ocean from Cape Henry, Va., to and including Oregon Inlet, N. C.; and also that portion of the intracoastal waterway between Norfolk, Va., and Beaufort Inlet, N. C., north of Neuse River, N. C. ~i District engineer: Maj. Brehon< Somervell, Corps of Engineers, to August 1, 1927, and Lieut. Col. Henry C. Jewett, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineer: Col. John C .Oakes, Corps of Engineers, to July 27 1927, and Col. G. P. Howell, U. S. Army, r;tired, since that date IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Norfolk Harbor, Va-- .... 502 11. Operating and care of the 2. Thimble Shoal Channel, Va_ 510 inland waterway from Nor- 3. Channel to Newport News, folk, Va., to Beaufort In- Va --------------------- 512 let, N. C--------------- 543 4. James River, Va-----------516 12. Blackwater River, Va ------ 544 5. Appomattox River, Va ----- 521 13. Meherrin River, N. C------- 547 6. Pagan River, Va----------- 524 14. Roanoke River, N. C------- 550 7. Nansemond River, Va ------ 527 15. Newbegun Creek, N. C--..- 552 8. Onancock River, Va ..-------- 530 16. Scuppernong River, N. C___ 554 9. Waterway from Norfolk, Va., 17. Manteo (Shallowbag) Bay, to the sounds of North N. C-------------------_ 557 Carolina----------------533 10. Inland waterway from Nor- folk, Va., to Beaufort In- let, N. C-------------- 536 NORFOLK HARBOR AND CHANNELS, VA. This improvement is divided into three subheads: (1) Norfolk Harbor, (2) Thimble Shoal Channel in the southern end of Chesa- peake Bay, and (3) the channel leading to Newport News from Hampton Roads. 1. NORFOLK HARBOR, VA. Location and description.-Norfolk, Va., is 187 miles south of Baltimore, Md., and 30 miles from the entrance to Chesapeake Bay at Cape Charles and Cape Henry. The harbor extends between the 40-foot contour in Hampton Roads and the Norfolk & Western Rail- way bridge over the Southern Branch of Elizabeth River, a distance of 15.55 miles. It consists of a portion of Hampton Roads, Elizabeth River (a tidal estuary) and portions of the Western, Eastern, and Southern Branches of Elizabeth River, and varies in width from about 1/6 mile to 2 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 400 and 451.) Original condition.-Commerce was hampered by bars opposite Sewall Point, at the mouth of the Western Branch, and in the mouth RIVERS AND HARBOB8--NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 503 of the Eastern Branch, having minimum mean low-water depths of 21, 19, and 15 feet, respectively. The Western and Southern Branches had minimum low-water depths in the limits of the present project of 12 feet. The mimimum width of the main channel between 18-foot contours was 450 feet; other channels were of varying widths. Previous projects.-The original project for Norfolk Harbor was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 14, 1876, and modified by the river and harbor act of July 5, 1884; project of June 30, 1885, river and harbor act of September 19, 1890; deficiency appropria- tion act of July 7, 1898; and river and harbor acts of June 13, 1902, March 3, 1905, and March 2, 1907. There have been no previous projects for the Eastern and Southern Branches. The original proj- ect for the Western Branch was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896. The cost and expenditures on the original and modi- fied projects prior to the commencement of operations under existing projects were $2,633,743.54, of which $2,561,704.27 was for new work and $72,039.27 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1795 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a main channel 40 feet deep at mean low water, 750 feet wide from Hampton ioads to the mouth of the Southern Branch of Elizabeth River and 450 feet wide up this branch to the Belt Line Bridge, a total distance of 11.88 miles, except that in front of the navy yard the channel may be made 35 feet deep for a width of 600 to 800 feet; thence 30 feet deep, 375 feet wide, and 1.05 miles long to the Virginian Railway bridge, and thence 25 feet deep, and generally 200 feet wide, 2.62 miles long to: the Norfolk & Western Railway bridge, making a total distance of 15.55 miles; a channel in the Eastern Branch, 25 feet deep at mean low water, 500 feet wide, and 1 mile long, from the mouth to the Nor- folk & Western Railway bridge; thence 25 feet deep, 200 feet wide, and 1.75 miles long to the Virginian Railway bridge; a channel in the Western Branch, 1 mile long, 24 feet deep at mean low water, 300 feet wide from the 40-foot channel at the mouth to the first curve east of the first bridge, and thence 200 feet wide to the first bridge, with a further widening on the north side of the entrance to a depth of 16 feet; and an anchorage area on the west side of the main chan- nel near Lambert Point of 64 acres, 35 feet deep at mean low water, and another of 45 acres, 12 feet in depth, near Pinner Point. The mean tidal range is 2.7 feet and the extreme, 3 feet. The extremes of irregular fluctuations, due to combined effect of tides and wind, referred to mean low water, are -2 feet and +7 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928 exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects, is $6,300,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $75,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 5, 1884, provided for improvement of the Eastern Branch (Annual Report for 1885, p. 1015); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the 30-foot channel to the navy yard and for 22 and 25 foot channels in the Eastern Branch and for the removal of shoals at the mouth of the Eastern Branch (H. Does. Nos. 373 and 381, 59th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of June 25, 1910, pro- vided for the 35-foot channel to the navy yard, the 22-foot and: 25-foot channels in the Southern Branch, and the 30-foot anchorage 504 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIY, 192 8 area at Lambert Point (H. Doc. No. 551, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 4, 1913, provided for the channel and entrance to the Western Branch (H. Doc. No. 566, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the 40-foot channel to the navy yard and for a 35-foot anchorage opposite Lambert Point and a 12-foot anchorage near Pinner Point (H. Doc. No. 605, 63d Cong., 2d sess., and H. Doc. No. 140, 65th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of March 3, 1925, provided for the 30-foot depth in the Southern Branch to the Virginian Railway. bridge and 25-foot depth to the Norfolk & Western Railway bridge and for the 25-foot depth in the Eastern Branch from the Norfolk & Western Railway bridge to the Virginian Railway bridge (H. Doc. No. 226, 68th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published maps see House Document No. 605, Sixty-third Congress, second session, and House Document No. 226, Sixty-eighth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of January 6, 1928, the Chief of Engineers recommended the further improvement of Norfolk Harbor, Va., to the extent of providing an anchorage basin west of the main channel 30 feet deep, 1,200 feet wide, and 2,400 feet long, extending south of a line at right angles to the channel and 300 feet southerly from the southernmost point of Craney Island, at an estimated cost of $90,000, and for the elimination from the project of the 35-foot anchorage area. (See H. Doc. No. 143, 70th Cong., 1st sess.) Under date of January 14, 1928, the Chief of Engineers recom- mended the improvement of Scotts Creek, Portsmouth, Va., to the extent of providing a channel 12 feet deep and 100 feet wide from the mouth to a point 100 feet above the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad bridge, at an estimated cost of $31,000, with $500 annually for main- tenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. (H. Doc. No. 189, 70th Cong., 1st sess.) Under date of May 4, 1928, the Chief of Engineers recommended modification of the existing project so as to provide for an additional channel in the Western Branch of Elizabeth River 18 feet deep and 150 feet wide extending for a distance of about 3,000 feet above the West Norfolk Highway Bridge, at an estimated cost of $25,500, with $1,000 annually for maintenance. (See H. Doc. No. 265, 70th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 3, 1925 in adopting the project for increased depths in the Southern and Eastern Branches imposes the condition that local interests shall furnish without cost to the United States suitable areas for the dis- posal of dredged material. Terminal ftailities.-The terminal facilities within the limits of this improvement include about 180 wharves, piers, etc., with an aggregate length available for wharfage purposes of about 26 miles. The municipality of Norfolk owns or controls about 9 per cent of the total extent available; about 14 per cent is owned or leased by various departments of the Government; about 39 per cent is owned or controlled by railroad and steamship companies for use as termi- nals for the handling of freight and passenger traffic and for stor- age; and the remaing 38 per cent is used by private interests for the shipment and receipt of various commodities, storage, ship- RIVERS AND HARBORS NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 505 building and repairing, and other manufacturing and commercial enterprises. The wharves and piers are of various types of con- struction, many of them being provided with buildings or sheds, but a large proportion being uncovered. The piers at the Army supply base and parts of some of the wharves of the United States Navy Department are of concrete. All of the other wharves, with the exception of a few piers owned by corporations, which are partly of steel construction, are of pile and timber construction. Approxx- mately one-third of the wharves are partly or entirely of fill, sur- rounded by a wooden bulkhead or apron, the remainder being of open construction. They are generally efficient for the particular purposes for which they are used. The frontage owned by the city is open to general public use on equal terms upon payment of wharfage, and many other wharves are largely used by the general public, either free or on the payment of wharfage. There is rail- road connection to the main terminals of railroads entering Norfolk, and to all of the wharves and terminals there are either railroad or highway connections, except those on the upper part of the Southern Branch of Elizabeth River. The publicly owned terminal facilities of Norfolk Harbor were considerably enlarged between 1922 and 1925, under a general scheme for improvement inaugurated by the municipality of Norfolk, Va., in the spring of 1922, at which time the sum of $5,000,000 was made available for that purpose by popular vote. Under this plan a municipal pier 1,200 feet long and 500 feet wide has been completed, also a modern reinforced concrete grain elevator with two grain galleries, drip sheds, a grain drier, and two reinforced concrete transit sheds. This terminal is served by the Norfolk & Portsmouth Belt Line Railroad. It is considered that the publicly owned facili- ties are adequate for the present commerce of the port. Extensive additions and improvements have been made to the privately owned facilities during the year and additional facilities are being produced in proportion to the growth of the port. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has resulted in the use of deeper draft vessels and a diminution in lighterage expenses, and navigation has been rendered easier, safer, and better. The com- bined rail and water routes centering at Norfolk have resulted in lower freight rates between southern and eastern points. Operations and results during fiscal year.-New work dredging under contract for the improvement of the Southern Branch, between the Belt Line Railroad bridge and the Norfolk & Western Railway bridge, and of the Eastern Branch, between the Norfolk & Western Railway bridge and the Virginian Railway bridge, was commenced on February 3, 1928, and continued to the end of the fiscal year. The work accomplished was the removal of 952,223 cubic yards of mate- rial, place measurement, from the Southern Branch, resulting in the completion of the section between the Belt Line Railroad bridge and the Virginian Railway bridge, a distance of 5,550 feet, to a width of 375 feet and a depth of 30 feet at mean low water, and the completion of 2,550 feet of channel, 200 feet wide and 25 feet deep at mean low water, between the Virginian Railway bridge and the Norfolk & Western Railway bridge; and the removal of 463,914 cubic yards of 506, REPORTOF- CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 material, place measurement, from the Eastern Branch, between the Norfolk & Western Railway bridge and the Virginian Railway bridge, resulting in the completion of 9,273 feet of channel, 200 feet wide and 25 feet deep at mean low water; which includes all of the improvement required for the Eastern Branch. The contract is estimated to be about 68 per cent completed. Maintenance dredging in the Norfolk Harbor 40-foot channel was prosecuted intermittently during the fiscal year with the United States seagoing dredge Chinook, operated by hired labor. A total of 1,255,393 cubic yards of material, bin measurement, was removed during the year, of which 234,915 cubic yards were removed from the channel in front of the United States navy yard, and 1,020,478 cubic yards were removed from the channel between Hampton Roads and Hospital Point. Maintenance work on Craney Island bulkhead was accomplished between February 26, 1928, and the end of the fiscal year under a contract for furnishing and placing brush fascines and riprap stone. A total of 288.5 cords of fascines and 8,079.59 short tons of stone was placed in position, to a height of 7 feet above mean low water, for repair purposes on 960 linear feet of bulkhead located on the north side of Craney Island. The contract is estimated to be about 67 per cent completed. The total cost for the fiscal year was $341,661.98, of which $171,- 675.26 was for new work and $169,986.72 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $744,351.48. In addition the sum of $16,220, contributed by property owners on the Eastern Branch of Elizabeth River, was expended for effecting certain changes in harbor lines. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was about 69 per cent completed at the end of the fiscal year, with the following re- sults: The work on the 40-foot channel between Hampton Roads and the Belt Line Railroad bridge over the Southern Branch, at the upper end of the United States navy yard, has resulted in consecu- tive sections having the project depth of 40 feet at mean low water over bottom widths as follows: From the 40-foot contour in Hamp- ton Roads to Lambert Point, a distance of 6.79 miles, 525 feet wide; from Lambert Point to Hospital Point, a distance of 2.48 miles, 475 feet wide; from Hospital Point to the junction of the Southern and Eastern Branches, a distance of 0.58 mile, 485 feet wide; and from the junction of the Southern and Eastern Branches to the Belt Line Railroad bridge, a distance of 2.03 miles, 450 feet wide. Opposite the United States navy yard, areas outside of the 40-foot channel aggregating about 14 acres were dredged 35 feet deep at mean low water, making the total available width for this depth 600 to 800 feet for a distance of about 3,000 feet below the Belt Line Railroad bridge. The above work was performed between 1918 and 1924, inclusive. The channel in the Southern Branch between the Belt Line Rail- road bridge and the Virginian Railway bridge, and 2,550 linear feet of channel between the Virginian Railway bridge and the Norfolk & Western Railway bridge was completed in 1928. The channel in the Eastern Branch between the mouth and the Norfolk & Western Railway bridge was completed in 1910; and the RIVERS. AND HARBORS NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 507 channel between the Norfolk & Western Railway bridge and the Virginian Railway bridge was completed in 1928. The channel in the Western Branch was completed in 1914, and the 35-foot anchorage near Lambert Point was completed in 1920. The controlling depths at mean low water at the end of the fiscal year were as follows: From Hampton Roads to the Belt Line Rail- road bridge over the Southern Branch of Elizabeth River, 35 feet (this minimum depth occurring at several places within these limits) ; in the Southern Branch between the Belt Line Railroad bridge and the Virginian Railway bridge, and between the Virginian Railway bridge and the Norfolk & Western Railway bridge, 30 feet and 18.4 feet, respectively; in the Eastern Branch, between the mouth and the Norfolk & Western Railway bridge, and between the Norfolk & Western Railway bridge and the Virginian Railway bridge, 19 feet and 25 feet, respectively; and in the Western Branch, between the 40-foot channel and the first bridge, 19.9 feet. This information is based upon surveys made between June 30, 1926, and June 30, 1928. The work remaining to be done to complete the existing project for Norfolk Harbor is as follows: Completion of the 40-foot channel between Hampton Roads and the junction of the Southern and Eastern Branches to the project width of 750 feet; dredging approx- imately 11,280 feet of channel in the Southern Branch, between the Virginian Railway bridge and the Norfolk & Western Railway bridge, to the project depth of 25 feet at mean low water over a width of 200 feet with widening at the bends to a least width of 300 feet; and dredging a 12-foot anchorage 45 acres in extent, near Pin- ner Point. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $4,778,065.17, of which $4,283,488.79 was for new work and $494,576.38 was for maintenance. The total expenditures were $5,187,153.88. Proposed operation.--Thebalance unegpended July 1, 1928 ($776,- 890.35), will be applied as follows: Payment of outstanding liabilities and contract obligations pertain- ing to last fiscal year --------------------------------- $126, 239.01 New work (under existing contract) : Deepening to 25 feet at mean low water, and widening at the bends to a least width of 300 feet, approximately 11,280 feet of existing channel, 200 feet wide, in the Southern Branch of Elizabeth River between the Virginian Railway bridge and the Norfolk & Western Railway bridge, 636,877 cubic yards, at 17.89 cents (July to October, 1928) -. 113, 937. 30 Maintenance (under existing contract): Repairing Craney Island bulkhead along the northern and eastern sides of the island by furnishing and placing brush fascines and riprap stone, 4,188.78 short tons of riprap stone, at $4.90 (July to September, 1928) ... 20, 525. 02 Maintenance (by contract): Repairing Craney Island bulkhead along the eastern side of the island by furnishing and placing riprap stone, 3,3331/ short tons of riprap stone at $7.50 (October to December, 1928) --------------------------------------- 25, 000. 00 Maintenance (with United States seagoing dredge Chinook) : ,Redredging to project depth certain completed portions of Nor- folk Harbor 40-foot channel between Hampton Roads and the Belt Line Railroad bridge, 1,500,000 cubic yards, at 13.2 cents S(July to December, 1928) ---------------------------------- 198,000. 00 508 REPORT, OF CHIEF OF IENGINEERBS, . S; ARMY, 1928 Maintenance (by contract): Redredging to project depths the Nor- folk Harbor 40-foot channel between Hospital Point and the northerly limit of the United States navy yard, and the channel in the Eastern Branch between the mouth and the Norfolk & Western Railway bridge, 900,000 cubic yards, at 25 cents (Sep- tember to December, 1928) ----------------------- 00_-.$225, 0000 Surveys, engineering, supervision, and contingencies . 68, 189. 02 .------------ Total- --- _ 776, 890.35" The additional amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($510,000), will be applied as follows: New work: Dredging in Norfolk Harbor 40-foot channel, 2,000,000 cubic yards, at 20 cents ...........---------------------------- $400, 000 Maintenance: Riprapping bulkhead along the eastern and western sides of Craney Island, 8,400 tons of rock, at $7.50--------------63, 000 Surveys, engineering, supervision, and contingencies- -_-------- 47, 000 Total.-- ..... ---------------- 5-------------------- 510, 00w Com'mercica statistics.-The total water-borne traffic of the port of Norfolk, Va., for the calendar year 1927, exclusive of cargoes in transit, railroad-car ferry and other ferry traffic, amounted to 16,854,867 short tons, with an estimated value of $781,418,762. Thee tonnage was about 22 per cent less and the value about 1.3 per cent, less than in 1926. This decrease in tonnage resulted chiefly from de- crease in export coal. The several traffics of 1927, compared with those of 1926, were approximately as follows: Imports, 20 per cent less in tonnage and 4 per cent greater in value; exports, 75 per cent less in tonnage and 13 per cent less in value; inbound coastwise, 13 per cent greater in tonnage and 7 per cent greater in value; outbound coastwise 10 per cent greater in tonnage and 2 per cent greater in value; internal, 13 per cent less in tonnage and 5 per cent less in value. The chief imports were fertilizer materials, crude petroleum, wood pulp, molasses, seed potatoes, and hides. The chief exports were bituminous coal, lumber, leaf tobacco, cotton, starch, wheat, and other grain and grain products. The principal commodities received coastwise were gasoline and other petroleum products, phosphate rock, sugar, canned goods, manufactures of iron and steel, paper and paper products, dry goods, coffee, soap, bagging, sulphur, and boots and shoes. The chief coastwise shipments were bituminous coal, dry goods, cotton yarn, cotton, peanuts, piling, fresh fruits and vegetables, potatoes, manufactured tobacco, leaf tobacco, refined vegetable oil, and paper products. Chief internal receipts were marl, sand and gravel, acid phosphate and other fertilizer materials, fuel oil, gaso- line and other petroleum products, logs and piling, sugar, fresh fish, oysters, clams, and fruits and vegetables. Internal shipments con- sisted chiefly of bituminous coal, gasoline and other petroleum prod- ucts, logs, piling, and other forest products, cotton and cotton piece goods, prepared fertilizer and fertilizer material, fresh fruits, pota- toes and other vegetables, sand and gravel, cement, and automobiles. The aggregate tonnage of coal reported dumped at the Norfolk coal piers in 1927 was 13,732,865 short tons. This was about 31 per cent less than in 1926, due to decrease in export coal, which amounted to 1,700.563 short tons, about 77 per cent less than in 1926. The coast- wise shipments reported amounted to 10,307,047 short tons, about 11 per cent greater than in 1926. Bunker coal furnished amounted to RIVERS AND HARBORS NORFOLK, VA. DISTRICT: 509 1,616,680 short tons, about 39 per cent less than in 1926. The num- ber of cargoes of coal shipped from the coal piers and the approxi- mate full-load drafts of vessels used were as follows: Exports, 289 cargoes in steamships with drafts of from less than 18 feet to over 30 feet, and 5 cargoes in sail vessels with drafts from less than 18 feet to 24 feet; coastwise, 1,164 cargoes in steamships with drafts from less than 18 feet to 30 feet, 28 cargoes in sail vessels with drafts from less than 18 feet to 28 feet, and 776 cargoes in barges with drafts from less than 18 feet to 28 feet. As other cargoes than coal gen- erally consisted of a variety of commodities, it is not practicable to state the drafts of vessels carrying different kinds of freight. Comparative statement In transit Railroad-car ferry Year Tons Valuei P assenge rs Tons Value Tons Value 1923 ........ 14, 021,118 $750, 730, 441 4,485,270 $847, 376, 948 5, 102, 294 $648,136, 025 18, 607, 780 1924-........ 15, 174, 708 663, 112,016 4, 855, 146 560, 122, 750 5, 130, 239 577, 515, 960 2 7, 964, 499 1925........ 15, 461, 268 775, 535, 754 4, 926, 786 481, 262, 865 5, 388, 009 588, 963, 146 8 7, 676, 847 1926 ....... 21, 858, 703 791, 916, 988 5, 888, 893 540, 829, 694 5, 335, 885 410,085,025 *8, 021, 578 1927........ 16, 854, 867 781,'418, 762 5, 527, 274 488, 249, 805 4, 312, 794 327, 772, 344 a 8, 590, 231 1 Passengers on ferries, 8,257,776; on steamships and steamboats, 349,804. 2 Passengers on ferries, 7,631,315; on steamships and steamboats, 333,184. $ Passengers on ferries, 7,342,914; on steamships and steamboats, 333,933. 4 Passengers on ferries, 7,671,222; on steamships and steamboats, 350,356. 'Passengers on ferries, 8,286,405; on steamships and steamboats, 303,826. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928---------------------------- $6, 845, 193. 06 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928-------------------------- 566, 615. 65 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928----------- 7, 411, 808. 71 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928----------- 415, 903. 01 Net total cost to June 30, 1928----------- ------------.... 7,827,711.72 Add accounts receivable June 30, 1928------------------------ 6, 011.94 Gross total costs to June 30, 1928--------------------- 7, 833, 723. 66 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928------------------------- 12, 826.24 Net total expenditures-- --------------------------- 7, 820, 897. 42 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928-------------------------- 776, 890. 35 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928--- ---------- 8, 597, 787. 77 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work..--------------------- ----------------------..............................----------- $171, 675. 26 Cost of maintenance............................------------------------------............ 169, 986. 72 Total cost----.......--....-- ---...........................------------------------------------------ 341, 661.98 Total expended-----------------...........................$283, 155. 55 $243,996. 36 $53, 953.85 $80, 992. 87 744, 351.48 Allotted...................---------147, 400.00 .......... 290,000.00 450,000.00 797, 943. 05 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927------ -------------------- $723, 298. 78 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928 -- _--. $340, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927 ......-- --- - 457, 943. 05 797, 943.05 510 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Net amount to be accounted for --------------------------- $1, 521, 241. 83 Gross amount expended- ----------------------- $744, 392. 98 Less receipts from sales-------------------------- 41. 50 744, 351. 48 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 76, 890. 35 7------------------------- Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928--------------- 96, 656. 82 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts---------- 150, 128. 79 246, 785. 61 Balance available June 30, 1928------------------ ----- 530, 104. 74 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1------------------------------ 1, 770, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930: - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - -- - - For new work 1 400, 000.00 For maintenance ----------------------------------- 110, 000. 00 Total 1-------------- ----------------------------- 510, 000. 00 2. THIMBLE SHOAL CHANNEL, VA. Location and description.-Thimble Shoal lies in the channel be- tween Hampton Roads and the ocean and is 20 miles northeast of the center of Norfolk Harbor, extending southeasterly 9 miles from a point 11/4 miles east of Thimble Shoal Lighthouse toward the en- trance to Chesapeake Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1222.) Original condition.-The minimum usable depth was 30 feet at _jean low water for a minimum width of 4,350 feet. The depth was insufficient for most naval vessels using the channel. Previous projects.-The original project for Thimble Shoal Chan- nel was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, which provided for a channel 35 feet deep at mean low water, 500 feet wide, and about 5 miles long (H. Doc. No. 551, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The project was completed in 1914. The cost and expenditures on the original project prior to the commencement of operations under the existing project were $333,608.88, all of which was for new work. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 9 miles long, 750 feet wide, and 40 feet deep at mean low water. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is 2.5 feet and the extremes 2 and 3 feet. The extremes of irregular fluctuation, due to combined wind and tides, referred to mean low water, are -2 feet and +7 feet. The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1928 is $2,325,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $50,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917 (H. Doc. No. 140, 65th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 551, Sixty-first Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--None. Terminal facilities.-The commerce of Norfolk Harbor and New- port News, Va., is directly benefited by this improvement. For de- 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS -NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 5J1 scriptions of the terminal facilities for these points see this head under " Norfolk Harbor " and " Channel to Newport News, Va." Effect of inprovement.-Transportation by water has been ren- dered easier, better, and safer, especially for deep-draft vessels in rough weather. No data are available as to the effect .of the im- provement on freight, rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The survey of Thimble Shoal Channel, which was in progress at the close of the last fiscal year, was completed on August 2, 1927, and an estimate based thereon indicated that dredging of 1,821,000 cubic yards of material, place measurement, was required to complete the project, an increase of 42,000 cubic yards over the amount indicated by the survey of 1926 and an increase of 614,000 cubic yards over the amount indicated by the survey of 1925. Between July 11, 1927, and January 31, 1928, maintenance and new work dredging, resulting in the removal of 2,328,847 cubic yards of material, bin measurement, was prosecuted with the U. S. sea- going dredge Chinoak, operated by hired labor. The maintenance dredging, amounting to 892,890 cubic yards, was accomplished during July and August, 1927, for restoring the conditions which obtained when new work dredging was suspended in October, 1925. The new work dredging, amounting to 1,435,957 cubic yards, was accomplished between September, 1927, and January, 1928, for the purpose of increasing the dimensions attained by previous dredging operations. The total cost for the fiscal year was $174,719.76, of which $115,- 805.76 was for new work and $58,914 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $181,708.09. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Work under the existing project was commenced in 1918, and at the close of the fiscal year 1928 was estimated to be about 95 per cent completed. In August, 1927, there was a channel throughout the length of Thimble Shoal, a distance of about 48,000 feet, which had a depth of 32 feet at mean low water for the full project width of 750 feet, within which there existed a 38-foot channel having a least width of 400 feet. As determined from the survey of 1927, which indicated that the completion of the project required the removal of about 1,821,000 cubic yards of material, place measurement, and the amount of material which was removed during the past fiscal year, estimated at approxi- mately 1,875,000 cubic yards, place measurement, it is estimated that the work remaining to be done to complete the project can be accom- plished by the operations of a seagoing dredge for a period of three months at locations to be determined by a survey of the channel. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $2,270,987.99, of which $2,176,491.24 was for new work and $94,496.75 was for maintenance. The total expenditures were $2,270,917.91. Proposed operations.--The balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($112,473.21), will be applied as follows: New work (with Government hopper dredge) : Dredging for com- pleting the project by securing a depth of 40 feet at mean low water and a width of 750 feet, 900,000 cubic yards, at 11.25 cents (January to March, 1929) --------------------------- __$101, 250.00 Engineering, supervision, and contingencies 1, 223.21 1-------------------- Total- - - - - - - - - 112, 473. 21 14710--EN 1928----33 512 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY 7 1928 The additional amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($50,000), will be applied to dredging for maintaining project dimensions, the work to be done by a Government hopper dredge. Commercial statistics.-The commerce passing through the chan- nel during the calendar year 1927 consisted almost entirely of cargoes carried in vessels with drafts of 25 feet and upward, embracing nearly all of the foreign traffic and considerable proportions of the coastwise traffic pertaining to Norfolk and Newport News; also cargoes in transit in vessels calling at Hampton Roads for bunker fuel and for other purposes, and a portion of the traffic pertaining to Chesapeake Bay and its principal tributaries. The chief com- modities carried in the above traffics were bituminous coal, fertilizer material, lumber and other forest products, petroleum and its prod- ucts, leaf and manufactured tobacco, wheat, cotton, manufactures of iron: and steel, and a great variety of foodstuffs and other articles. It is not practicable to state the proportions of the traffics of the above ports and Chesapeake Bay carried through the channel. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928---- --------------- --- $2, 510, 100. 12 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928__------ ------- __ --- 94,496. 75 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928----------- 2, 604, 596. 87 Minus accounts payable----------------------- --------------- 70.08 Net total expenditures-----------------_ ------ 2, 604, 526. 79 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928-------------------------- 112, 473. 21 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 ---------- 2, 717, 000.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work-----............. ------------------------ $115,805.76 Cost of maintenance-------...........--------------............-------------------........... ............ 58,914. 00 Total cost------ --------------------------------------------------- 174, 719. 76 ---.... Total expended..-------- . .-------------- $87, 422. 28 $305, 319. 08 $141, 842. 72 $9, 565. 52 181, 708. 09 Allotted....---------------------------135,000.00 300,000.00--------- 280, 000.00 .......... ..........-- Balance unexpended July 1, 1927--- ---------------------- $294, 181.30 Gross amount expended-------- ------------------------- 181, 708. 09 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928-------- ------------ 112, 473. 21 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion _ - _- - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - - - of existing project __30, 000.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year end_ ng June 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- 30, 1930, for maintenance ___ ______ 50, 000. 00 3. CHANNEL TO NEWPORT NEWS, VA. Location and description.-The channel to Newport News, which is 10 miles west of Norfolk Harbor, connects deep water in James River with Hampton Roads. The improvement made under the 1 Exclusive of available funds. 'RIVES AND' HARbOO , T 51W. project of 1902 followed the deep-water channel south of the Middle Ground Light. The channel at present under improvement is a straight cut north of this light. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Sur- iey Chart No. 400.') Original condition.--The channel to Newport News was 25 feet deep at mean low water for a minimum width of 2,500 feet, and was not sufficiently deep for commercial or naval vessels. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted June 13, 1902. The cost and expenditures thereunder prior to the commence- ment of operations under the existing project were $237,500, of 'which $225,000 was for new work and $12,500 for maintenance. For fur- ther details of previous project see page 1795 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 40 feet deep at mean low water, 600 feet wide, increased to 1,000 feet at the ends, and 31/4 miles long through. the'shoal north of Middle Ground Light. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is 2.7 feet and the extremes 2.1 and 3 feet. The extremes of irregular fluctua- tions, due to combined wind and tides, referred to mean low water, are -2 feet and +7 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1927, is $1,521,515, exclusive of amount expended on previous project. The latest (1927) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $20,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for a channel 400 feet in width and 35 feet deep at mean low water (H. Doc. No., 550, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the increase in width to 600 feet (H. Doc. No. 605, 63d Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of January 21, 1927, provided for the present channel dimensions (H. Doc. No. 486, 67th Cong., 4th sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 605, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions were imposed by law at the timei of the adoption of the project, and there has been no cooperation. Terminal facilities.-There is one publicly owned pier at Newport News, which is the property of the city and which is open to general public use on equal terms. All of the 'other piers and wharves served by this improvement are owned by private corporations or companies. The principal terminal and transfer facilities are those of the Chesa- peake & Ohio Railway Co., comprising 3 coal piers, 6 freight piers, and 1 passenger pier. These piers have depths of 18 to 36 feet at mean low water. The docks pertaining 'to the Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co. include seven large piers, some of which have launching ways for small vessels and others for larger vessels up to the largest battleships, three dry docks, and a number of piers with wide slips between them for handling freight. There are also at Newport News a wharf used by steamers of the Old Dominion Steamship Co. and a small boat harbor, both of which are open to general public use on equal terms, and a pier owned by a corporation engaged in making marine repairs, which is reserved for the use of the owners. Physical connection by rail exists between the Chesa- peake & Ohio Railway and that company's docks and the shipyard docks, but no others. All of the docks are connected with the street system of Newport News. The Terminal facilities are adequate for 4 REJORRO CHIEF OF W-IERS, U S. ARMY, 1928 present necessities. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doe. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Larger and deeper draft vessels have been able to use the channel, and transportation by water has been rendered easier, safer, and better, No data are available as to the effect of the improvement on freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal.ear.-A survey of the chan- nel, for the purpose of determining the amount of dredging that will be required to complete the project, was accomplished during March and April, 1928. The total cost for the fiscal year was $2,110.79, all of which was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $2,110.79. -Conditionat end of fiscal year.-The existing project, work upon which was commenced in 1910, is estimated to be about 55 per cent completed. The controlling depth in April, 1928, was .35 feet at mean low water. The work remaping -to be done to complete the project is to increase the depth of the channel from 35 feet to 40 feet at mean low water and to widen the channel at the ends from 600 feet to 1,000 feet, involving the removal of about 2,000,000 cubic yards, scow measurement. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $903,928.56, of which $807,515.54 was for new work and $96,413.02 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $903,928.56. Proposed operations.--The balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($363,071.44), will be applied as follows: New work (by contract o with Government plant) : Dredging, with a view to completing as much as possible within the limits of available funds, of the work of increasing the depth of the chan- nel to 40 feet at mean low water and increasing the width of the channel at the ends to 1,000 feet, 1,784,375 cubic yards, scow measurement, at 18.2 cents (September, 1928, to .September, 1929) ------------------ ---------------------------- $324,756. 25 Engineering, supervision, and contingencies--------------------- 38, 315. 19 Total-------------------------------------------------- 363, 071.44 The additional amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($352,000), will be applied to dredging to complete the project. Commercial statistics.-The total water-borne traffic of the port of Newport News, Va., for the calendar year 1927, exclusive of cargoes in transit, railroad-car ferry and other ferry traffic, amounted to 7,928,713 short tons, valued at $112,338,089. About 95 per cent of the tonnage consisted of export and outbound coastwise bituminous coal. The traffic of 1927 was about 21 per cent less in tonnage and 16 per cent less in value than that of 1926. The above decrease resulted almost entirely from decrease in coal exported. The ton- nages carried in the different trades in 1927 and their values, com- pared with those of 1926, were approximately as follows: Imports, 44 per cent greater both in tonnage and value; exports, 80 per cent less in tonnage and 35 per cent less in value; inbound, coastwise, 9 per cent greater in tonnage and 18 per cent less in value; outbound, coastwise, 38 per cent greater in tonnage and 36 per cent greater in value; internal, 46 ier cent greater iqr tonnage and 43 per cent less in value. The chief imports were pulp wood, manganese ore, wood RIVERS AND HARBORS NORFOLK, VA., DISTRnICt 515 pulp, paper, copra, and dyestuffs. Chief commodities exported were leaf tobacco, starch, lumber, wheat flour, and cigarettes. The chief commodities received coastwise were sugar, canned goods, coffee, and cotton piece goods. Upward of 97 per cent of the coastwise ship- ments were bituminous coal. Other shipments coastwise included small tonnages of leaf tobacco and glassware. The aggregate ton- nage of coal reported dumped at the Newport News coal piers in 1927 was 7,989,042 short tons, about 25 per cent less than in 1926. Bunker coal furnished amounted to 625,900 short tons. The numbers of cargoes shipped and approximate full-load drafts of vessels used as coal carriers were as follows: Exports, 188 cargoes in steamships with drafts of from 18 feet to over 30 feet, and 14 cargoes in sail vessels with drafts of 15 to 22 feet; outbound, coastwise, 738 cargoes in steamships having drafts from less than 18 feet to over 30 feet; 40 cargoes in sail vessels with drafts of less than 18 feet to 28 feet, and 562 cargoes in barges with drafts from less than 18 feet to 28 feet. Cargoes other than coal iconsisted generally of a variety of commodities in vessels with drafts from less than 18 feet to about 30 feet. Comparative statement In transit Railroad-car ferry Calendar Tons Value Passengers year Tons Value Tons Value 1923-_ 4, 879, 778 $60, 698, 837 2, 340, 943 $347, 135, 714 828, 116 $30, 837,099 1 943, 713 1924_---_ 4, 817,138 90, 274, 925 2, 989, 755 500, 454, 478 1,164, 316 67, 066, 746 2 874, 495 1925-.. 7, 765, 942 117, 423, 301 2, 886, 367 443, 726, 508 1, 392, 371 70, 972, 309 8972, 173 1926_-------10,086,578 135, 142, 458 3, 635, 214 459, 860, 361 1, 956, 912 68, 687, 598 41,263,491 1927-,...... 7,928, 713 112, 338, 089 3,662,457 390,109,072 1, 267,941 66, 264, 317 51, 832, 424 1Passengers on Chesapeake & Ohio Ry. ferry, Chesapeake ferries, and Smithfield, Newport News & Norfolk Steamship Co. 2 Passengers on Chesapeake & Ohio Ry. ferry, Chesapeake ferry, Smithfield, Newport News & Norfolk Steamship Co., and motor boats. 4 8 Passengers carried by steam ferries, 825,229; by steamboats and motor boats, 151,374. Passengers carried by steam ferries 1,197,879; by steamboats and motor boats, 65,612. 6 Passengers carried: Foreign (American Legion excursion) 1,418; domestic, steam ferries, 1,030,091; steamboats and motor boats 33,411. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928------- ----------------- $1, 032, 515. 54 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------- ----- 108, 913. 02 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928--------- 1, 141, 428. 56 Net total expenditures------ , 141, 428. 56 ------------------------- 1-- Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 ..... 33, 071.44 36-------------------------- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------------- 1, 504, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work.............- ..-- .-... .. I - -.-... Cost of maintenance..,-- -..------------......... ------------------------------------------- $2, 110.79 Total expended-------..............----------------.............. $1, 365.72 $596.06 $1, 146. 24 $1, 074.01 2, 110.79 Allotted........ ................------------------ -----------------......------------------------- 357,000.00 516 REPORT 9F CHIEF OF ENGINERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927-_.--- ------------------- $8, 182. 23 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 23, 1928---------------------------------- 357, 000.00 Net amount to be accounted for------------------------ 365, 182. 23 Gross amount expended-------- --------------- 2,110. 79 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928-_--------------- - 363, 071.44 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1 - - - -- - - - - - - - - 352, 000.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending -- - - - - - - - - --- - -- - -- - June 30, 1930, for new work 1 - - - - - - - 352, 000. 00 4. JAMES RIVER, VA. Location and description.---This river, a tidal stream, is formed by the junction of the Cowpasture and Jackson Rivers, in Botetourt County, Va., flows easterly 3~O miles, and empties into Hampton Roads at Newport NewsVa. The portion under improvement ex- tends from its mouth to Richmond, a distance of 103.8 miles, which is the length of the tidal reach. The drainage area is 9,700 square miles, of which 6,870 square miles are above Richmond. The low- water discharge at Richmond is estimated at 1,000 second-feet, and the maximum, for a gauge height of about 29 feet above low water, at 200,000 second-feet. Navigation is interfered with by floods higher than 12 feet above mean low water. In the 14 miles between Richmond and Dutch Gap the slope at low water is 0.014 foot per mile; below Dutch Gap there is apparently no slope at low water. During two very high freshets the observed slope between Richmond and Dutch Gap was about 0.81 foot, and in the next 6.8 miles below 0.61 and 0.65 foot. The width between banks varies from about 5.68 miles at Rocklanding Shoal, 89 miles below Richmond, to about 500 feet at Richmond. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 529, 530, and 531.) Originalcondition.-The channel was obstructed by various natural and artificial obstacles, particularly in the reach extending about 20 miles below Richmond, where it was narrow and tortuous. The excavation of Dutch Gap Canal had not been completed, by which work subsequently the channel was shortened 5 miles. The minimum usable low-water depth was 7 feet. The head of navigation for steamers was at Richmond. Rafting and logging were and still are possible for three-fourths mile above the head of navigation for steamers. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 11, 1870. The cost and expenditures by the United States on the original project prior to the commencement of operations under the existing project were $763,000, including $23,000 appropriated in 1836 and 1852. There is no record showing how much of this amount was expended for new work and maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1797 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the formation by regulation and excavation of a channel from the mouth to Richmond 22 feet 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS 'NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICOT 517 deep at mean low water and a width of 400 feet from the mouth to City Point, a distance of 71.8 miles; thence to Drewry Bluff, a dis- tance of 25 miles, a width of 300 feet; thence to Richmond, a dis- tance of 7 miles, a width of 200 feet; and between the lower city line of Richmond and the head of navigation at the docks, a distance of 3,300 feet, 200 feet wide, together with a widening of the channel at Richmond to 400 feet for a distance of 600 feet to form a turning basin. The proposed dimensions of channel where regulation works are used are 200 and 300 feet wide by 22 feet deep at mean low water. The works are sheet piling spurs and training dikes revetted with stone. The total length of river now included in the project is 103.8 miles, of which 20 miles immediately below Richmond are being improved both by regulation and dredging and the remainder by dredging alone at such points as require it. The mean tidal ranges under ordinary conditions for different parts of the river are as fol- lows: Mouth, 2.5 feet; Jamestown, 1.85 feet; City Point, 2.8 feet; Dutch Gap, 3.5 feet; Richmond, 3.9 feet. Following are the extreme ranges under ordinary conditions at the same localities: Mouth, 2.1 feet to 3 feet; Jamestown; 1.6 feet to 2.3 feet; City Point, 2.3 feet to 3.2 feet; Dutch Gap, 2.9 feet to 3.9 feet; Richmond, 3.2 feet to 4.2 feet. The ordinary fluctuations of stage at Richmond due to floods are 6 to 12 feet above mean low water. The extreme fluctuations are 16 to 28.6 feet. The flood heights below Richmond diminish rapidly. The extremes, according to available information, are about 11 feet lower at Dutch Gap, 14 miles below, and 17 to 18 feet lower 20 miles below. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1925, exclusive of the amount expended under previous projects, is $7,115,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $50,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 5, 1884, provided for the excavation of a channel 22 feet deep at mean low water from the mouth to Rich- mond (S. Doc. No. 147, 47th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of June 13, 1902, provided for extending the improvement to the head of naviga- tion at the Richmond docks (H. Doc. No. 234, 56th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of March 3, 1905, provided for forming a turning basin by widening the channel at Richmond (H. Doc. No. 234, 56th Cong., 1st sess.). For the latest published map of the river see House Docu- ment No. 1131, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modieations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The only work done on James River ,for the benefit of the public with funds supplied by sources other than Con- gress was by the city of Richmond. On account of the records of the extent and location of the above work being incomplete, it is not practicable to separate the expediture for dredging approaches to wharves from that for channel excavation. The aggregate expendi- ture by the city reported for the above purposes amounts to about $889,000. This amount was expended voluntarily. Terminal facilities.-The river's commerce pertaining to Rich- mond is handled in the basin of the former James River & Kanawha Canal known as Richmond Dock, and at 10 wharves at and in the immediate vicinity of the city. Below Richmond the improvement is served by 42 wharves. Richmond Dock belongs to the city and is open to public use on very moderate terms. The dock is 3,450 feet 518 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ERGINEERS ' U. 8. ARMY, 1928 long, 75 to 150 feet wide, and about 15 feet deep. It is entered from the river through a masonry lock. The lock has a lift of 15 feet. Its chamber is 35 feet wide and has a length available for vessels of 168 feet. Of the 10 Richmond wharves, 8 are private and 2, belong- ing to the city, are free to public use. With one exception, viz, the Southern Railway wharf, which is of stone, all of the James River wharves are pile and timber structures. Richmond Dock and the Richmond wharves are adjacent to spur tracks or siding connecting with the main lines of railroads. The two city wharves have a total frontage of 735 feet, and have no physical connection with the rail- ways. The total frontage of the 8 private wharves at and just be- low Richmond amounts to 2,180 linear feet, and these generally are equipped with either telpherage or steam machinery for handling of freight. Of the 42 wharves farther downstream, 23 are private and 19 open to public use. None has appliances for facilitating the handling of freight. With the exception of three public wharves with railroad connections, all are remote from railroads. The loca- tions and descriptions of the wharves having railroad connections are as follows: At City Point, 321/2 miles below Richmond, connect- ing with a branch of the Norfolk & Western Railway and having a frontage of about 700 feet, with available depths of 15 to 20 feet; at Claremont, 58 miles below Richmond, connecting with a branch of the Southern Railway, with a frontage of 270 feet and available depths of 7 to 19 feet; at Scotland, about 68 miles below Richmond, connect- ing with the Surry, Sussex & Southampton Railway, having a front- age of 70 feet and an available depth of 11 feet. The remainder of the wharves have frontages of 40 to 130 feet, with depths of 7 to 18 feet. The basin at Richmond and the wharves at the city and between it and the river's mouth are adequate for the river's com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work has been beneficial in permit- ting the use of larger and deeper-draft vessels and in reducing the cost of water transportation of lumber, fertilizer material, coal, and other articles carried in sailing vessels and barges. In many cases the freight rates on commodities transported by steamer are the same as rail rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging in Richmond Harbor was accomplished by the U. S. pipe-line dredge Pullen between July 7 and August 16, 1927, resulting in the removal of 75,976 cubic yards of material, place measurement, from 1,000 linear feet of channel 200 feet wide, 400 linear feet of channel 75 feet wide, and a turning basin 300 feet by 400 feet. The least depth ob- tained was 16 feet at mean low water, it being impossible to attain greater depth because of rock bottom at about 18 feet below mean low water. The material removed was deposited on the south bank of the river. Maintenance and new work dredging, in about equal amounts, was accomplished with the U. S. seagoing dredge Comstock in Rockland- ing Shoal, between March 12, 1928, and the end of the fiscal year, for the attainment of a channel having the project depth of 22 feet at mean low water and a width of 300 feet. A total of 450,418 cubic yards of material, bin measurement, was removed at this location RIVERS AND HARIBOBS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 519 and deposited in deep water off Mulberry Island. The work at Rocklanding Shoal is estimated to be about 72 per cent completed. The total cost for the fiscal year was $82,984.11, of which $41,492.05 was for new work and $41,492.06 for maintenance. The total expenditure was $73,098.59. Condition at end of fiscal year. The existing project was about 34 per cent completed at the end of the fiscal year. The work accom- plished consisted in dredging about 61/4 miles of the river imme- diately below Richmond, in the upper 3 miles of which extensive rock excavation was done; dredging on three of the six shoals from about 71/2 to 21 miles below Richmond, and on seven shoals between City Point and the mouth; and constructing regulation works for maintaining the channel for about 61/ miles below Richmond and on the six shoals above referred to. The result of the work, was a channel from Hampton Roads to the city wharf at Richmond, a dis- tance of 103.8 miles, having minimum depths at mean low water of about 20 feet between Hampton Roads and City Point, and about 18 feet between City Point and Richmond. Present minimum depths at certain shoals located between the mouth and City Point, as de- termined by surveys made during the fiscal year, are as follows: Point of Shoals, 18.1 feet; Goose Hill Flats, 19.8 feet; and Harrisons Bar, 19 feet. The regulation works, comprising dikes and jetties constructed of sheet piling revetted with riprap, are generally in fair condition, although nearly all require further revetting. Prior to the year 1900, the head of navigation was the southerly city limit of Richmond, but, due to the improvement of the river by dredging and rock excavation, the head of navigation is now the city dock at Richmond, 3,300 feet farther upstream. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is deepen- ing the channel from its present depths to 22 feet at mean low water, widening parts of the channel between City Point and Richmond to the project widths of 200 and 300 feet, and enlarging the turning basin at Richmond to give its project dimensions of 600 feet long, 400 feet wide, and 22 feet deep at mean low water. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $2,792,087.52, of which $2,426,497.51 was for new work and $365,590.01 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $2,781,245.83. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($208,754.17), will be applied as follows: Payment of outstanding liabilities pertaining to last fiscal year_ __ $14,106. 11 New work (with Government plant or by contract) : Stabilizing the channel between Richmond and City Point by constructing new, or reconstructing existing, wing dams, 6,000 linear feet of wing dams, at $5 (to be completed during fiscal year 1929)----------- 30, 000. 00 New work (with Government plant or by contract) : Dredging with a view to completing the channel between the mouth and Rich- mond to the project depth of 22 feet at mean low water, over bottom widths varying from 200 to 400 feet, 975,000 cubic yards, at 12 cents (July, 1928, to March, 1929) -------------------- 117, 000. 00 Maintenance (with Government plant or by contract) : Redredging existing channels between the mouth and Richmond as may be required to maintain the improvement, 225,000 cubic yards, at 12 cents (April and May, 1929) --------- ------------------- 27, 000. 00 Engineering, supervision, and contingencies----- 20, 648. 06 Total------ ------------ ----------- 208, 754.17 520 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, i 19 2 8 It is believed that the foregoing operations will provide for all necessary work prior to June 30, 1930, and, therefore, no additional funds can be profitably expended during that year. Commercial Statistics.--The tonnage of traffic for 1927 amounted to 983,017 short tons, about 41/ per cent greater than for 1926. Its estimated value, $82,364,757, was about 11 per cent greater than for 1926. About 48 per cent of the tonnage and 77 per cent of the value pertained to Richmond, Va., and the remainder to points on James River below Richmond. The tonnage for Richmond was about 19 per cent greater and its value about 7 per cent greater than for 1926. For points below Richmond the tonnage was about 6 per cent less and the value about 27 per cent greater than in 1926. The chief commodities received at Richmond comprised petroleum products, logs, sand, gravel, brick, phosphate rock, and other fer- tilizer material. Shipments consisted chiefly of prepared fertilizer, leaf and manufactured tobacco, and manufactures of paper. Pack- age freight was carried principally by 3 steamships with drafts of 16 to 18 feet plying between Richmond and New York and calling at City Point, Va., and Newport News, Va., making collectively an average of 3 trips per week, also by 3 steamboats with drafts of 10 feet, plying daily, except Sundays, between Richmond, James River landings, and Norfolk. Bulk freight, comprising forest products and fertilizer material, were carried chiefly in barges and petroleum products in tankers and oil barges with drafts of 9 to 14 feet. The chief commodities pertaining to river points below Richmond con- sisted of sand, gravel, brick, and coal carried on scows; forest prod- ucts carried on barges; and miscellaneous articles of general merchan- dise carried in the steamboats engaged in the Richmond trade. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1923--------........ 712, 853 $73, 518, 819 1, 325 1926a....... 941, 572 $74, 264, 135 1, 251 1924 ....... 789,542 67,821,993 1,515 1927 4....... 983,017 82,364,757 678 1925 ....... 814,607 85, 679, 691 1,693 1 Includes 6,792 tons forest products rafted, valued at $44,879. I Includes 1,200 tons forest products rafted, valued at $7,670. $Includes 4Includes 6,073 tons piling rafted, valued at $27,328. 34,518 tons piling ratted, valued at $155,331. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928--_________-_ $3, 189, 497. 51 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928---------------------- 365, 590. 01 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928---....... . 3, 555. 087. 52 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928--- -------- 1,509. 24 Net total cost to June 30, 1928 _---- -.-------. 3, 556, 596. 76 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928 - -----_------------ 12, 350. 93 Net total expenditures_-------------------___ --- _ - 3, 544, 245. 83 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 ------------------- 208, 754. 17 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928__--------, 3, 753, 000. 00 RIVERS AND ItARB0R-NORFFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 521 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work -------------------....................-- . ----............ ............ $41, 492. 05 Cost of maintenance.....--------------.................. 41, 492.06 ....-------------------------------- Total cost-------------------------.. .8-------82, 984. 11 Total expended.............-------------------$25, 902,42 $8,093.44 $103,256.22 $26,416.88 73, 098. 59 ----------------------------- Allotted................. 50, 000. 00 45, 000. 00 130,00. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927_" ------- ,---- - Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved 852. 76 _$151, Mar. 23, 1928----.....-----------------------------------------130,000.00 Net amount to be accounted for....---------------- ---------- 281, 852. 76 Gross amount expended------------------------ ---------------- 73, 098.59 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 ------------ ------------ 208, 754. 17 ----------------------------- Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928...... 14, 106.11 Balance available June 30, 1928-__-_ ----- ---- 194, 648.06 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --- existing project -- - - - - - -- -- -- 4, 517, 000. 00 5. APPOMATTOX RIVER, VA. Location and description.-The river, a tidal stream, rises in Ap- pomattox County, Va., flows northeasterly 137 miles, and empties into the James River at City Point, Va. The portion under im- provement extends from its mouth to Petersburg, Va., a distance of 11 miles, which is the length of the tidal reach. The drainage area is 1,565 square miles, of which 1,325 square miles are above Peters- burg. The low-water discharge at Petersburg is estimated at 248 second-feet, and the maximum for a gauge height of 17.1 feet above mean low water is roughly estimated at 35,000 second-feet. The river's width between banks is 0.8 mile at the mouth and 200 feet at Petersburg. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 531.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow, tortuous, obstructed by shoals, and about three-tenths mile longer than at present, or about 11.3 miles. The minimum usable low-water depth was about 31/2 feet. The head of navigation for all purposes was at Petersburg. Previous projects.-None. Prior to the adoption of a project, the sum of $22,500, appropriated in 1852, was expended in making an elaborate survey of the river. Existing project.-This provides for a navigable channel 80 feet wide and 10 feet deep at mean low water between the mouth of the river and Petersburg, the head of navigation, a distance of 11 miles, and a turning basin at Petersburg; for a dam at Petersburg and the excavation for a width of from 200 feet to 300 feet of a diversion channel connecting the river above the dam at Petersburg with the river at a point 21/2 miles below; for about 1.7 miles of levees on the low grounds between the navigable and diversion chan- nels; for a highway bridge and a railway bridge across the diversion 1 Exclusive of available funds. 522 REPORT OF CRIEF OF E'INER& ,. S. AR1MW5, 1928 channel; and for other work incidental to the diversion channel. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is 2.9 feet and the extremes 2.4 feet and 3.3 feet. There are no records available of the heights of stage due to ordinary floods. These are estimated at 6 to 8 feet above mean low water at Petersburg, where the ex- tremes are from 15.6 to 17.1 feet. The estimated cost of the navigable channel, revised in 1927, is $578,136 for new work, and the estimated cost (1909) of the diversion channel and work incident to its construction was $260,000. The estimated cost of maintenance (1927) of the navigable channel is $6,500 annually. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The acts of June 13, 1902, and March 3, 1909, provided for work pertaining to the diversion scheme (H. Doc. No. 139, 56th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of March 3, 1871, provided for a navigable channel 60 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean high water (A. R. 1874, Pt. II, p. 54) ; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for increasing the width of the navigable channel to 80 feet, and for the maintenance of the diversion works at Petersburg (H. Doc. No. 952, 60th Cong., 1st sess.) ; and the act of January 21, 1927, provided for increasing the depth from 12 feet at mean high water to 10 feet at mean low water, an increase of 11/2 feet (H. Doc. No. 215, 69th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 952, Sixtieth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The only work known to have been done on the river for the benefit of the public with funds supplied by sources other than Congress was by the city of Petersburg. The total amount reported expended by the city since 1866 is approximately $1,578,620. The expenditure was voluntary, and is understood to have been for channel improvement. As the city's records are in- complete, this amount can not be verified. The river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, in adopting the modification of the existing project imposes the condition that local interests shall furnish, without cost to the United States, suit- able areas for the disposal of, dredged material. The subject of the required cooperation has not yet been taken up with the riparian owners, but inasmuch as the property owners have, since 1912, pro- vided the necessary dumping grounds free of charge for such dredg- ing as has been done in the navigable channel for maintenance pur- poses, it is believed that no difficulty' will be experienced in securing the cooperation called for. Terminal facilities.-All wharves and terminals served by the Appomattox are situated on the river front at Petersburg. The wharves constitute a continuous timber bulkhead on piling, and have an aggregate length of about 2,313 feet, with present available depths of 5 to 6 feet at mean low water. About 925 linear feet of the wharf frontage belonging to the city, and 700 linear feet belonging to cor- porations and individuals, are open to the public at moderate wharf- age charges. The remaining 688 linear feet belong to corporations and individuals and are for private use. A railroad siding, extend- ing for almost the entire length of the wharf front, furnishes a means of transfer between the wharves and the railroads. None of the public wharves is provided with mechanical appliances to facilitate RIVERS AND-HARBORS NOBFOIx V.,. DISTRICT 523 the handling of freight. The terminal facilities are considered ade- quate for the present river commerbe. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th, Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made navigation safer and easier and has resulted in more favorable freight rates to and from Petersburg. Operations and results during fiscal year.--None. The total cost for the fiscal year was $208.92, and is chargeable to maintenance. The total expenditure was $155.67. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 90 per cent completed. The navigable channel, between the mouth and Point of Rocks, a distance of about 31/2 miles, has a natural depth of 12 feet at mean high water, which corresponds to a depth of about 8 feet referred to mean low water, over the required bottom width of 80 feet. Dredging operations for the attainment of these dimen- sions in the navigable channel between Point of Rocks and Petersburg, a distance of about 7 miles, were completed in 1912. The diversion channel and the work incidental thereto was completed in 1921. The controlling depth in the navigable channel on June 19, 1928, was about 11 feet at mean high water. Petersburg is the head of nav- igation for boats, and navigation for boat traffic is practicable throughout the year. The head of navigation has not been affected by the improvement. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is to in- crease the depth of the navigable channel between the mouth and Petersburg, a distance of about 11 miles, from 12 feet at mean high * water to 10 feet at mean low water for the project width of 80 feet, an increase in depth of about 11/ feet, and dredge a turning basin at Petersburg. The total cost of the existing project at the end of the fiscal year was $998,094.43, of which $769,384.30 was for new work and $228,710.13 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $998,041.18, of which $703,041.18 was applied to the navigable channel and $295,000 was applied to the diversion channel. Proposed operation.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($102,657.12) will be applied as follows: New work (with Government plant or by contract): Dredging a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water, over a bottom width of 80 feet, between the mouth and Petersburg, a distance of :about l11 miles, and dredging a turning basin at Petersburg (January to June, 1929), 267,788 cubic yards of mud, sand, gravel, cobblestones, etc., at 30 cents______--------------------------_- $80,336. 40 100 cubic yards of hard rock, at $21- ..-- ----------------------- 2, 100.00 Maintenance (with Government plant or by contract): Redredging , completed portions of channel at such times and at such locations as may be necessary during the fiscal year---------_---------- 7,000. 00 Surveys, engineering, supervision, and contingencies__-------------13, 220.72 Total------------------------------------------------102, 657. 12 It is believed that the work proposed during the fiscal year 1929 will complete the project. The additional amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($6,500) will be applied to main- tenance dredging. 524 REPORT OF EIEF, OF ;ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Commercial statistics.-The traffic reported for the river during the calendar year 1927 amounted to 27,729 short tons, valued at $3,294,343. The above tonnage was about 24 per cent less and the value about 21 per cent greater than for 1926. Package freight was carried by one steamboat plying triweekly between Richmond and Norfolk, calling at Petersburg. Considerable fertilizer materials were received at Petersburg in barges. Pulpwood was shipped out of the river on barges and sand and gravel received on scows from about 6 miles below Petersburg. Comparative statement year Short tons Vale Passengers year Short tons Value Passengers Cost and finanrialt sumsary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928-----------------____---_ $769, 384. 30 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 ------------------- __ - 228, 710.13 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------ 998, 094. 43 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928--------------------- 53. 25 Net total expenditures- 9------------------------- 998, 041.18 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928-----,-------------------- -- 102, 657. 12 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------------ 1,100, 698. 30 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost ofnew work---------------------------------..................---------------------------- Cost of maintenance-....................... ---------- 208. 92 Total expended---......----.... ---.- . $9,466.55 $15,012.63 $773.20 $11,422.78 155.67 Allotted-------.--------------------- 15, 000.00 10, 000.00 5,000.00 9,000.00 91,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927--------------------------- $11, 812. 79 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928----..--------... 9--------------------------- 91,000.00 Net amount to be accounted for_.-------------- --- 102, 812. 79 Gross amount expended-------------------------------------- 155.67 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928---------------------- 102, 657.12 Amount th'at can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 1- -- - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - 30, 1930, for maintenance 6, 500. 00 6. PAGAN RIVER, VA. Location and decription.-This river, a tidal stream, rises in Isle of Wight- County, Va., flows northeast 10 miles, and empties into 1 Exclusive9 yaIlablp furs. RIVERS AND HARBORSZ-N0ORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 52a James River. The portion under improvement extends from Smith- field, Va., a distance of 5 miles above the mouth, to the 10-foot con- tour in James River, a total distance of about 62/% miles. The length of the tidal reach is about 8 miles. The width between banks varies from 250 .to 4,800 feet. It has a drainage area of about 76 square miles. The drainage at high and low water is not known. The channel dimensions are comparatively large and floods are negligible. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 529.) Original condition.-Fourobstructing bars limited the usable mean low-water depth to 41/2 feet from the mouth of the river to Smith- field, and the channel for the entire reach was narrow and tortuous. The head of navigation for steamers was at Smithfield, 5 miles above the mouth. Rafting and logging- were carried on 3 miles above Smithfield, making a total navigable length of 8 miles. Previous project.-These were adopted by the river and harbor acts of June 14, 1880, and March 3, 1905. The cost and expenditures on these projects prior to commencement of work under the existing project in 1910 was $20,671.01, all of which was for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1798 of Annual Report for 1915. Emsting project.-This provides for a channel having a least width of 80 feet and a depth of 10 feet at mean low water between the Old Dominion Steamship Co.'s wharf at Smithfield and the 10-foot contour in James River, a distance of about 62/3 miles. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is 2.6 feet. No data for extreme ranges of tides are available. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1920, exclusive of amount expended on previous projects, was $54,600. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for widening the channel at certain bends or angles (H. Doc. No. 397, 60th Cong., 1st sess.), and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the present dimensions of the project (H. Doc. No. 591, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 16 wharves or landings on this river, of which 14 are at Smithfield, Va., and 2 at Battery Park, about 1 mile above the river's mouth. All of these wharves are small wooden structures. The length of dockage available at Smith- field is about 1,100 feet, with depths of 3 to 10 feet, and the wharves at this point, with a few exceptions, are in poor condition. At Battery Park the length of dockage is about 85 feet and the depth of water 11 feet. They are in fair condition. One wharf at Smith- field is publicly owned and is open to general public use on equal terms, the remaining wharves being privately owned. The principal wharf at Smithfield belongs to the Smithfield, Newport News & Norfolk Steamship Co., and is not open to public use. The other private wharves are used by the owners in conducting their business, and seven are open to the public at uniform rates of wharfage. Both wharves at Battery Park are privately owned and are not open to 26 REPORT OF CIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 general public use. No wharves on this stream have railroad con- nection. The Smithfield wharves are connected with the town by a partly improved road. The Battery Park wharves also have a partly improved road leading to them. The facilities are considered ade- quate for present and prospective requirements. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.---As a result of the improvement, naviga- tion has been rendered safer and better, and vessels of greater draft can be used. It has not been practicable to determine the effects, if any, on freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The total cost for the fiscal year amounted to $557.33, and was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $557.33. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1923, at a saving of $23,846 under the estimated cost. The controlling depth in January, 1927, was 10 feet at mean low water. Smithfield is the head of navigation for boats, and navigation for boat traffic is practicable throughout the year. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $64,167.71, of which $30,754.48 was for new work and $33,413.23 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $64,167.71. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($132 29), will be applied to maintenance by making such inspections of the improvement as may be necessary during the fiscal year. The additional amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($3,000), will be applied to mainte- nance dredging. Commercial statistics.-The water-borne traffic reported for 1927 amounted to 17,964 tons, valued at $906,860. The tonnage was about 27 per cent less and the value about 41 per cent less than in 1926. This decrease was caused chiefly by falling off in shipments of veg- etable food products. The chief upbound commodities comprised sand and gravel, vegetable food products, and' petroleum products. The chief commodities shipped were peanuts, lumber and piling, rafted. Package freight was carried chiefly by one steamboat with a draft of about 91/2 feet, making six round trips per week between Smithfield, Va., and Newport News and Norfolk. Considerable pack- age freight was also carried by motor boats having drafts of 3 to 8 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Calendar year Tons Value Passengers 1923 1 . _ .... 31,908 $1,612,036 17,704 1926- - _-...... - 27,571 $1,155,065 23,233 1924 ........ 22, 933 1, 724, 481 15,160 1927 a----... -_ 17, 964 906, 860 13, 771 1925 ... 22, 284 1, 325, 936 29, 024 1Includes 674 tons piling rafted, valued at $4 718. * Includes 1,035 tons piling rafted, valued at $7,348. s Includes 670 tons piling rafted, valued at $2,520. 4 Includes 3,238 tons piling rafted, valued at $14,798. AIncludes 3,503 tons piling rafted, valued at $17.515. RIVERS AND HARBORS NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 -- ----- ------ $-----__425. 49 $51, Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------ 33, 413. 23 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------ 84,838. 72. Net total expenditures----- -- 8-------.-------------------- 84, 838. 72 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928------------------------- --- 132.29 Total amount appropriated to June 80, 1928- _-----_--- 84, 971.01 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost ofnew work------------------------------------------------------------- Cost of m aintenance- - - - - - - - - - - -...-- - - - - - -$557.33 Total expended--------------------------............................ $958.91 $6,,734.73 $8.12 ............------------ 557.33 Allotted. ----------------------------------- $2,000.00 2, 000.00 500.00 -1, 300.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927-------------------- -------- $1, 989. 62 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928----- ------------------------------------ 2, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for________------------------- 3, 989. 62 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment- ------------ 3, 300. 00 Net amount to be accounted for------------------- 689.62 Gross amount expended----- ----------------------------- 57. 33 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 ---------------- -132. 29 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - 30, 1930 for maintenance 3, 000. 00 7. NANSEMOND RIVER, VA. Location and description.-This river, a tidal stream, rises in Nansemond County, Va., flows in a northerly direction 25 miles, and empties into Hampton Roads. The portion under improvement ex- tends from its mouth to Suffolk, Va., a distance of 18 miles. Definite data are not available as to the length of the tidal reach, which extends for a considerable distance above Suffolk. The width be- tween banks varies from 150 to 9,500 feet. It has a drainage area of about 262 square miles., The discharge at high and low water is not known. Floods are negligible. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 529.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow and crooked, and the controlling depth at mean low water was about 4 feet. The head of navigation for all purposes was at Suffolk, 18 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1873, and modified by the act of June 18, 1878. The cost and expenditure on original and modified projects prior to the commencement of operations under the existing project were $37,000, of which $30,000 was for original work and $7,000 for maintenance. further details of previous projects see page 1797 of Annual Report for 1915. For 1Exclusive of available funds. 14710--G 1928--34 528 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS U. S. ARMY, 19 28 Eisting pioject.-This provides for procuring a channel by regu- lation works and dredging 100 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean low water from the head of navigation, 0.45 mile above the Suffolk Bridge, to the mouth of the Western Branch, a distance of 7.37 miles, and the excavation of a turning basin at Suffolk Bridge 200 feet square; pile spurs and training walls at the mouth of the Western Branch; also for securing by regulation and dredging a channel of the same depth from 200 to 400 feet wide, 8.3 miles long, from the Western Branch to Town Point, 2.3 miles above the mouth. The mean tidal ranges under ordinary conditions for different parts of the rivet are as follows: Suffolk Bridge, 3.4 feet; Newmans Point, 2.8 feet. The extreme ranges under ordinary conditions at the same localities are as follows: Suffolk Bridge, 2.8 to 4 feet; Newmans Point, 2.3 to 3.3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, exclusive of amount expended on previous projects, is $300,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 11, 1888 (Annual Report for 1887, p. 1001). For map see House Document No. 1246, Sixty-second Congress, third session. Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of February 20, 1928, the Chief of Engineers recommended modification of the existing project so as to provide for a channel 12 feet deep and 100 feet wide in Nansemond River from the mouth to the head of naviga- tion, 0.45 mile above the highway bridge at Suffolk, with a turning basin 200 feet square at Suffolk, and for a channel 10 feet deep and 80 feet wide in Western Branch from its mouth to Reids Ferry, at a total estimated cost of $92,300, with $3,500 annually for maintenance, subject to the provision that local interests shall furnish, without cost to the United States, suitable areas for the deposit of dredged ma- terial. (See H. Doc. No. 184, 70th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation--None. Terminal facilities.-At Suffolk, Va., there are four small pri- vately owned wharves and one long, continuous wharf, divided into three portions, two of which are private wharves and one is a public wharf, open to general public use. Between Suffolk and the mouth of the river there are about 11 wharves of pile and openwork con- struction, all of which are privately owned, but are open to general public use upon the payment of wharfage. The only wharf on this stream that has rail connection is the one controlled by the Norfolk Southern Railroad at Suffolk. The wharves at Suffolk are connected with the streets of that town, which are in fair condition. At the wharves along the river are ordinary county roads, in fair condi- tion except during bad weather. The facilities are considered ade- quate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Navigation has been rendered easier, bet- ter, and safer. It is believed that the existence of the navigable channel gives Suffolk more favorable rail rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The survey which was in progress at the close of the last fiscal year was prosecuted inter- IVTS A 1'VB H BO S -O'OL5, TA DISTRICT 2 529 mittently until December 12, 1927 when the work was completed. The survey included Nansemond River between the mouth and Suf- folk, a distance of about 18 miles, and the Western Branch of Nanse- mond River between the mouth and Reids Ferry, a distance of about 2 miles. The total cost for the fiscal year amounted to $6,227.48, all of which was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $7,138.51. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is estimated to be about 14 per cent completed. Operations in 1910 and prior years resulted in a channel 80 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean low water from the mouth of the river to Suffolk, and a turning basin at Suffolk. The controlling depth, between the mouth and the bridge at Suffolk, was 9.7 feet, according to the survey of 1927. The con- trolling depth between the bridge at Suffolk and the head of naviga- tion, 0.45 mile farther upstream, was about 7 feet. The head of navigation has not been affected by the improvement. Navigation for boat traffic is practicable throughout the year. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is to in- crease the depth and width of the channel between the mouth and the head of navigation to the project dimensions, by the excavation of about 340,000 cubic yards of material, and to construct about 11,500 linear feet of spur-dams and training walls. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $83,787.44, of which $42,677.11 was for new work and $41,110.33 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $83,787.44. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($512.56), will be applied to maintenance by making such inspections of the improvement as may be necessary during the fiscal year. The additional amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($2,000) will be applied to mainte- nance dredging. Commercial statistics.-The tonnage of river traffic for the calen- dar year 1927 amounted to 315,913 short tons, valued at $519,977. The tonnage was about 12 per cent greater and the value about 4 per cent less than in 1926. The increase in tonnage resulted almost entirely on account of shipments to Norfolk of marl. There was a decrease in receipts of fertilizer. No steamer line has been operated on the river for several years and the traffic is carried in motor ves- sels, sail vessels, barges, and scows. Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year Tons Value 1923.--------------------- 81, 345 $998, 482 1926 =___-............------ 280, 347 $539, 821 1924 1----......-------...- 44, 230 46 501, 356 1927 .......------- _ 315,913 519,977 1925 -------------------- 67, 936 659,146 1Includes 2,907 tons of logs and piling, rafted, Valued at $10,402. 2 Includes 936 tons of piling, rafted, valued at $4,074. a Includes 1,526 tons of piling, rafted, valued at $6,867.: 4 Includes 528 tons of piling, rafted, valued at $2,665. 80 REPORT OP OCHIEF W'ENGINEER S U. S. ARMY, 1928 Cost and flancia summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928_,-------- --------------- 72, 677. 11 $__ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928---------- ----- --------- 48, 110.33 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928--------- 120, 787. 44 Net total expenditures ------------------------ __ 120, 787. 44 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928----------------------.. 512. 56 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------------- 121, 300. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work... ................. .... --...-....... ............... Cost of maintenance---------- ---------------------------------------------- $6, 227. 48 Total expended --............................ $6, 973.28 $796.60 $89.86 $1, 984. 73 7,138. 61 Allotted.........----..-----.... -------.... -----------............----.. 800. 00 ..---------- -3, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927_--- _-------_------------ - $10, 651.07 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928--------------------- --------------------- 2, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for -------------------------- 12, 651.07 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment---------- 5, 000. 001 Net amount to be accounted for------------------------ 7, 651. 07 Gross amount expended------------------------- -- ---------- 7,138. 51 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 -- -- _-_------------- 512. 58 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of- existing project' ----------------------------------- 257, 000. 00. Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 30, 1930, for maintenance 2, 000. 00, 8. ONANCOCK RIVER, VA. Location and description.-This river, a tidal stream, rises in Acco- mac County, Va., flows in a westerly direction about 6.5 miles, and empties into Chesapeake Bay. The portion under improvement ex- tends from the mouth of the river to Onancock, Va., a distance of 5 miles, which is the approximate length of the tidal reach. The width between banks varies from 3,000 feet at the mouth to 400 feet at Onancock, Va. The drainage area and discharge at high and low water are not known. Floods are inconsiderable. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1223.) Original condition.-The channel, although free from obstructions, had several short and abrupt turns, and the minimum usable depth at mean low water was only 4 feet. The depth over a bar at the mouth of the stream was 5 feet at' mean low water. The head of navigation was at Onancock, 5 miles from the mouth. Previous!projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879, and was modified by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890. The modified project was super- seded by a project adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, work under which was completed in 1911. The cost and SExclusive of available funds. IV~IRS iAND ARBO&RS-i-NORPOLK, VA., DISTRICT Ski expenditures on all: projects prior to adoption- of the existing project were $58,302.78, of which $33,549.02 was for new work and $24,753.76 was for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1799 of Annual Report for 1915 and page 493, Annual Report for 1924. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water, 200 feet wide across the bar, a distance of 5,200 feet, and generally 100 feet wide in the river to Onancock, Va., a distance of 27,800 feet, with a turning basin of about 2.3 acres in area at Onancock, with the understanding that the initial dredging in the river shall be to 10 feet only, the full project depth to be provided if the needs of commerce are later found to demand it. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is 1.7 feet and the extremes 1.5 and 2 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1928, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects, is $111,545. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $4,500. The existing project was adopted by? the river anid harbor act of March 3, 1925 (H. Doc. No. 219, 68th Cong., 1st sess.).° For latest published map see page 902 of Annual Report for 1894. Recommended modiflcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are five small timber wharves on this stream, with a total wharfage space of about 980 linear feet, as fol- lows: Three at Onancock and one each at Poplar Cove and Finneys. One of the wharves at Onancock and the wharves at Poplar Cove and Finneys are leased by the Baltimore, Chesapeake & Atlantic \Railroad Co. and are not open to the general, public for taking on or discharging freight, but vessels are permitted to tie up at the wharves without charge. The other two wharves at Onancock are privately owned, but are open to general public use upon payment of wharfage. There are no railroad connections with any of the wharves. A country road extends to each of them. The wharfage facilities are believed to be adequate for the small amount of com- merce on the river. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Navigation has been rendered easier and safer by this improvement, and the increased channel dimensions enables vessels of larger size to reach Onancock, the head of navi- gation. The products shipped by water reach the principal markets in much less time than rail shipments, and the water freight rates are slightly lower than the rail rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-New work dredging under contract, for the improvement of the channels in Onancock Bar and River, was commenced on February 9, 1928, and continued until June 16, 1928, when the work was completed. A total of 166,505 cubic yards of material was removed, resulting in the completion of a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water over a bottom width of 200 feet extending across Onancock Bar, a distance of about 4,000 feet; a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water over a bottom width of 100 feet, in Onancock River, extending from the wharves at Onan- cock to a point about 8,000 feet downstream; and a turning basin in front of the wharves at Onancock having an area of about 2.3 acres and a depth of 10 feet at mean low water. 532 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, V. 8. ARM, 19 2 8 The total cost for the fiscal year was $56,370.38, of which $56,- 118.07 was for new work and $252.31 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $55,738.40. Condition at end of fcal year.--The existing project is about 51 per cent completed. On June 16, 1928, dredging operations were completed for the attainment of a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water over bottom widths of 200 feet across Onancock Bar and 100 feet in Onancock River. The ruling depth on that date was 10 feet at mean low water. The head of navigation for boats is Onancock, and its location has not been affected by the improvement. Navigation for boat traffic is practicable throughout the year. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is to increase the channel depths in Onancock Bar, and River from 10 feet at mean low water to 12 feet at mean low water over the present widths. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $58,243.97, of which $56,118.07 was for new work and $2,125.90 was, for maintenance. The total expenditure was $57,611.99. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($2,696.23), will be applied to maintenance by making such inspec- tions of the improvement as may be necessary during the fiscal year. The additional amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($4,500), will be applied to mainte- nance of the channel depths and widths attained by the new work dredging accomplished during the past year. Commercialstatistics.-The tonnage of water-borne traffic reported for the river in 1927 amounted to 9,851 short tons, valued at $703,240. The above tonnage and value are about 14 per cent and 8 per cent less, respectively, than for 1926. About 59 per cent of the traffic was carried on five light-draft steamers, plying between Baltimore, Md., and points on the eastern shore of Chesapeake Bay, and the remain- der by sail vessels and motor boats. The chief commodities carried comprised receipts of cooperage, fertilizer, sea food, and general mer- chandise, and shipments of potatoes and other agricultural products, poultry and livestock and sea food. Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Calendar year Tons Value Passengers 1923...-------........ 18, 737 $1. 250, 352 3. 974 1926-----------............ 11, 542 $764, 090 3, 238 1924...-........ 21, 290 1, 274, 292 3, 444 1927....------------ 9, 851 703, 240 1, 584 192....-----------....... 13, 897 790, 075 3,174 Cost and fitanoial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 667. 09 $--------------------- -$89, Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 ------- __---- ---- 26, 879. 66 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 116, 546. 75 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928 ------------------------- 631. 98 Net total expenditures---------------------- 115, 914. 77 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928----------- - 2, 696.23 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-..------------ 118,611.00 RIVERS AND HARBORS ORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 533 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work-------......--------------------------.............................. -------------------------- $56,118.07 -----------..............-------------- Cost of maintenance---...................------.....------------------.......-------..... 252.31 Total cost-------------------- ---------------------------------------- 56,370.38 Total expended......---------------........----------- $132. 23 $25.18 $12.08 $1,873.59 55,738.40 Allotted--............----- .......-------------------------..---- ----- ---------- 37, 700.00 -------- 20,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927----. - .--.------.---- $38,434.63 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927 ---------- ------------------------------- 20,000.00 Net amount to be accounted for------------------- --- 58, 434. 63 Gross amount expended------------------------------ ----- 55, 738.40 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928--------------------- 2,696.23 Amount (estimated) required to be apropriated for completion of - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - 1- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - existing project 56, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 1 - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- -- - -- - - -- - - 30, 1930, for maintenance 4,500. 00 9. WATERWAY FROM NORFOLK, VA., TO THE SOUNDS OF NORTH CAROLINA Location and description.-This water route extends south from Norfolk, Va., to Pamlico Sound, N. C., and consists of 7.5 miles of waterway in the Southern Branch of Elizabeth River, 8 miles in Deep Creek, 22.4 miles in the privately owned Dismal Swamp Canal, 4.4 miles in Turners Cut, 31.4 miles in Pasquotank River, 18.5 miles in Albemarle Sound, and 15 miles in Croatan Sound, a total dis- tance of 102.2 miles. All of the waterways named except the South- ern Branch of Elizabeth River and the Dismal Swamp Canal are included in the project. The Southern Branch of Elizabeth River and Deep Creek are tidal streams, while the other parts of the route are nontidal with feeble currents. The Dismal Swamp Canal con- tains two locks, each 250 feet long and 39 feet wide. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 1227, 1228, 1229, and 1231.) Original condition.-Prior to the adoption of the existing project this waterway had been maintained by private interests, and the channels had been allowed to deteriorate so that the controlling depth was only 21/2 feet at mean low water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging the following chan- nels: Deep Creek, Va., 3 miles long; Turners Cut, N. C., 4.4 miles long, through a shoal in the Pasquotank River, N. C., near Ship Yard Bar, and through a bar in Croatan Sound near Croatan Light- house. A least bottom width of 80 feet and a depth of 10 feet at mean low water are the project dimensions of all the channels named. The limiting width of 80 feet applies to Turners Cut; the channels in Deep Creek and Pasquotank River have been dredged the project depths for widths of 100 feet, while the channel, in Croatan Sound has been dredged to a width of 200 feet and a depth of 12 feet. The 1Exclusive of available funds. 534 REPORT OF CHIEF OF EN~INE.ERSp U, S. ARMIY, 1928 project also included the cutting of points at sharp bends in the Pasquotank River and the protection of banks in Turners Cut with sheet piling. In Deep Creek and the Southern Branch of the Eliza- beth River the mean tidal range under ordinary conditions is about 3 feet and the extremes 2.3 and 3.2 feet. The extremes of irregular fluctuation in these two streams due to combined effect of tides and wind, referred to mean low water, are about -2 feet and +7 feet. The remaining sections of the waterway are nontidal and not subject to flood. There are at times, however, variations of 1 to 2 feet in level, due to wind. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1899, was $274,310. The latest (1928) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act ap- proved March 3, 1899 (H. Doc. No. 317, 54th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1896, p. 1086; and H. Doc. No. 131, 55th Cong., 3d sess., and Annual Report for 1899, p. 1485). The latest pub- lished map is found in House Document No. 391, Sixty-second Con- gress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions requiring local cooperation were imposed by law, and no cooperation has been rendered other than the building of the Dismal Swamp Canal, a link in the route, by a private corporation, which also improved portions of Deep Creek and Turners Cut prior to the adoption of the project. Terminal facilities.-The northern end of this waterway is in Norfolk Harbor, Va., the terminal facilities of which are described under this heading in the report on that improvement. There are three small privately owned wharves on the Dismal Swamp Canal, viz, at Deep Creek, Va., Wallaceton, Va., and South Mills, N. C., all of which are open to general public use without charge. At other points along the canal there are about seven small private warehouses, all of which are reported to be in bad condition, but which are occasionally used, without charge for wharfage, by pas5- ing boats for unloading supplies and loading farm products. There are three small private landings along the Pasquotank River, be- tween the south end of the canal and Elizabeth City, which are free to general public use. At Elizabeth City, N. C., there are 18 wharves, 4 of which are publicly owned and are open to general public use, and 14 of which are privately owned, of which latter 8 are open to general public use upon the payment of wharfage, and 6 are for pri- vate use only. Below Elizabeth City there are two privately owned wharves on the east bank of the Pasquotank River, which are open to general public use upon the payment of wharfage. All wharves on this waterway are either of the bulkhead type or open-pile work. The Norfolk Southern Railroad has physical connection with its wharves at Elizabeth City. The other wharves at Elizabeth City are all connected with the street system of that city. No other wharves along the waterway have physical connection with rail- roads, but are reached by ordinary county roads. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of irmprovemet.-The improvement has resulted in the use of larger and deeper-draft vessels, and transportation by water RIVERS AND HARBORS NORFOLKK, VA., DISTRICT 535 has been rendered easier and better. It has not been practicable to -ascertain what effect, if any, the improvement has had on freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging with U. S. derrick barge No. 14, operated by hired labor, was accom- plished between May 14 and June 14, 1928, inclusive, for the removal of a bar in Deep Creek, near the village of Deep Creek, Va. A total of 12,952 cubic yards of material, place measurement, was removed, resulting in the restoration of about 400 feet of channel to the project dimensions of 10 feet deep at mean low water over a bottom width of 100 feet. The total cost for the fiscal year amounted to $3,058.73, and was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $1,604.74. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1903, at a saving of $23,114 under the estimated cost. The controllino- depth at the end of the fiscal year was 10 feet at mean low water. avigation for boat traffic is practicable throughout the year. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $512,291.50, of which $251,196.46 was for new work and $261,- 095.04 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $510,837.51. Proposed operations.-At the close of the fiscal year there was an unexpended balance of $12,032.49 for expenditure on this improve- ment. If required, maintenance dredging and snagging will be done during the fiscal year 1929. No additional funds will be required for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930. Commercial statistics.-The traffic reported for the entire water- way for the calendar year 1927, exclusive of 25,218 tons of rafted logs, amounted to 129,655 tons, and was about 22 per cent less than for 1926. That pertaining to Dismal Swamp Canal, viz, 18,250 tons, was about 48 per cent less, and for other parts of the waterway, 111,405 tons, about 15 per cent less than in 1926. The decrease in tonnage resulted chiefly from a falling off in the production of logs and also in nearly all commodities carried on both the canal and other parts of the waterway. All of the traffic in the canal except 375 tons passed through it. About 64 per cent of the total traffic on the waterway in 1927 was northbound, 86 per cent of which con- sisted of logs. The chief commodities southbound comprised stone for highways, cement, gasoline, kerosene and other petroleum prod- ucts, and fertilizer, carried on the canal, and gasoline, kerosene and other petroleum products, prepared fertilizer, agricultural products, and miscellaneous merchandise carried on other parts of the water- way. There was no regular boat line operating on the canal during 1927. Other parts of the waterway were served by three small steamboats, making aggregately about 1 trip per week; also 9 motor boats operated by 3 boat lines running weekly, triweekly, or daily. 636 REPORT OF CHIEF OF, ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIIY, 19 2 8 Oomparative, statement Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Calendar year Tons Value Passengers 1923-----------............ 302,049 $5,724, 914 21, 371 1920 .......-----------..166, 768 $4, 541, 656 12, 621 1924-----------............ 293,893 5, 136, 681 15, 289 1927-----------............ 129, 655 3, 050, 557 13, 400 19251----------........ 195,119 4, 670, 751 14, 721 1 Canal not operating between October 10 and December 15, 1925. Cost and flnancial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928- ---------. --.----------- $251, 196. 46 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928---------..... ----------- 261, 095. 04 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------ 512, 291.50 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928 .- -- _---_,--------- 1 1,453. 99 Net total expenditures-- __-----_ ------------------- 510, 837.51 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928--------------------------- 12, 032. 49 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-------------- 522, 870. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30-- 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost ofnew work---.......................-..- _...._ ---.- Cost of maintenance-............-- "_"-- " ... . .....-------- $3,058.73 Total expended--------...........----....------------............ $137. 58 $519.09 $167.24 $570.41 1, 604. 74 Allotted----------......................------------------- ......-....--......--......-----......------ Balance unexpended July 1, 1927---------- ---------------- $13, 637.23 Gross amount expended----- --------------------- $1,625.74 Less receipts from sales---------------- ----------- 21. 00 1,604. 74 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928---------- ------------ 12, 032. 49 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928-------------------- ---- 1, 438. 41 Balance available June 30, 1928------------------------ 10, 594. 08 10. INLAND WATERWAY FROM NORFOLK, VA., TO BEAUFORT INLET, N. C. Location and description.-This improvement provides for an in- land water route approximately paralleling the Atlantic coast be- tween Norfolk, Va., and Beaufort Inlet, N. C., a distance of 206.28 miles. With the exception of five land cuts, the route lies in natural waterways. Beginning at Norfolk, Va., it follows successively the Southern Branch of Elizabeth River, Va.; the Virginia Cut of the former Chesapeake & Albemarle Canal; the North Landing River, Va. and N. C.; Currituck Sound, N. C.; Coinjock Bay, N. C.; the North Carolina Cut of the former Chesapeake & Albemarle Canal; and the North River, N. C., to Albemarle Sound, a distance of 67.33 miles. The route then crosses Albemarle Sound from the mouth of the North River, N. C., to the mouth of Alligator River, N. C., a distance of 13.85 miles. Between the southern shore of Albemarle Sound and the junction of the Pungo River and the Pamlico River it follows successively the Alligator River, N. C., a proposed land cut from Winn Bay, on the Alligator River, to Wilkersons Creek, RIVERS AND HARBORS NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 537 a tributary of the Pungo River (the land cut being a bent line approaching the town of Fairfield, N. C.), Wilkersons Creek, and Pungo River, a distance of 63.5 miles. The route then crosses the Pamlico River from the mouth of Pungo River to the mouth of Goose Creek, a distance of 5.7 miles. Between the south shore o4 Pamlico River and Pamlico Sound it follows successively Goose Creek, a proposed land cut between Goose Creek and Beef Creek, touching Jones Bay, Gales Creek, and Bay River, a distance of 13.7 miles. Between the mouth of Bay River and the mouth of Adams Creek it follows Palalico Sound and Neuse River, a distance of 21.1 miles. Between the mouth of Adams Creek and Beaufort Inlet it follows successively Adams Creek, a land cut connecting Adams Creek and Core Creek, Core Creek and Newport River to Beaufort Inlet, a distance of 21.1 miles. With the exception of the Southern Branch of Elizabeth:River, the Adams Creek-Core Creek Canal, :and, Newport River, which are tidal streams, the watercourses followed are nontidal, with very sluggish currents, which are due principally to the influence of Winds. The width between banks of the various streams in the project is very variable, the widest being about 4 miles and the narrowest about 200 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 1227, 1228, 1231, and 1233.) Original conditio.-At the time of the adoption of the present project the following improved channels existed on the different sec- tions of this improvement: Between Norfolk, Va., and Albemarle Sound, N. C., a channel with a minimum depth of 8.5 feet at mean low water and from 50 to 90 feet wide on the bottom; between Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds, N. C., a channel with a minimum depth of 10 feet at mean low water and with a minimum width of about 100 feet, but by a route different from that followed by this project; and between Pamlico Sound and Beaufort Inlet, N. C., a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water and with a minimum width of 90 feet. A tidal lock 40 feet wide and 221 feet long, with a lift of 2.5 feet at mean low water, existed near Great Bridge, Va., upon the portion of the waterway between Norfolk, Va., and Albemarle Sound, N. C. Previous projects.-No project covering the entire waterway con- templated by this improvement has existed before, but separate projects have existed for the improvement of most of the water- courses embraced in the present project. The river and harbor act of March 3, 1873, provided for the improvement of the Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River, upon which a total of $40,000 was expended for new work. North Landing River, Va. and N. C., was improved at a cost of $47,607.65 for new work and $7,892.35 for maintenance under a project adopted in the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879. Currituck Sound, Coinjock Bay, North River, and North River Bar, N. C., were improved at a total cost of $142,500, under a project adopted in the river and harbor act of June 18, 1878, and subsequently modified by the river and harbor acts of June 14, 1880, and March 3, 1881. The river and harbor act of September 19, 1890, consolidated the separate projects under one project, upon which $61,988 was expended for new work and $44,912 for main- tenance. The total cost and expenditures on the above four projects 538 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 prior to the adoption of the present project were $292,095.65 for new work and $52,804.35 for maintenance, a total of $344,900. Existing project.-This provides for an inland waterway with a depth of 12 feet at mean low water between Norfolk, Va., and Beau- fort Inlet, N. C., a distance of 206.28 miles, with bottom widths varying from 90 feet in land cuts to 300 feet in open waters. The project also provides for the purchase of the Lake Drummond (Dis- mal Swamp) Canal at a price of not to exceed $500,000, and for its maintenance to a depth of about 9 feet and a bottom width of 50 feet. The waterway is nontidal except in the Southern Branch of Eliza- beth River and in Beaufort Inlet, N. C. In the Southern Branch the mean tidal range under ordinary conditions is 2.7 feet and the extremes are 2.3 and 3.2 feet. The extremes of irregular fluctua- tion, due to the combined effect of tide and wind, referred to mean low water, are -2 and +7 feet. In Beaufort Inlet, N. C., under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is 2.6 feet and the extremes are 2.3 and 3.2 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1925, was $8,937,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1916) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $85,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 25, 1912, adopted the original route (H. Doc. No. 391, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, authorized a change of route in the Albemarle Sound-Pamlico Sound section, via the Alligator River-Rose Bay route, and the Pamlico Sound-Neuse River section, via Pamlico Sound-Brant Shoal-Neuse River route, to Alligator River-Pungo River route, and Goose Creek-Bay River route, respectively (H. Does. Nos. 1478, 63d Cong., 3d sess., and 1136, 64th Cong., 1st. sess., ap- proved by the Secretary of War April 14, 1919); and the act of July 18, 1918, changed the Alligator River-Pungo River route (a pro- posed land cut connecting the rivers) from a straight line, as ap- proved by the first modification, to a bent line approaching nearer the town of Fairfield, N. C. (approved by the Secretary of War on May 15, 1919); and the act of March 3, 1925, provided for the pur- chase of the Lake Drummond Canal (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 5, 67th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in House Docu- ment No. 1136, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modiflations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The north end of this waterway is in Nor- folk Harbor, the terminal facilities of which are described in the report on that improvement. Between Norfolk and Albemarle Sound there are 13 wharves or landings, all of which are privately owned, but which are understood to be open to public use upon the payment of wharfage. Physical connection with railroad exists only at Mun- den, Va. Along the proposed route between Albemarle Sound and Pamlico River are nine privately owned wharves and one wharf owned and operated by the city of Belhaven free of charge. Located upon waters tributary to the Pamlico River-Neuse River section are 15 privately owned wharves, aggregating a frontage of about 600 feet, all of which are generally open to all water carriers free of charge. There are eight wharves on the section of the waterway from Neuse River to Beaufort Inlet, with a combined frontage of RIVERS AND HARBORS NORFOLK, VA. DISTRIOT 539 about 400 feet. All are privately owned, and one is open to all water carriers on equal terms. At Morehead City, N. C., there are 27 wharves, their total frontage being about 500 feet. One is a city wharf, with a frontage of 50 feet, which is open to the use of all without charge. The remainder are privately owned, but are gen- erally open to use by all water carriers without charge. Contiguous to the harbor at Beaufort, N. C., the southern terminus of the water- way, there are 46 wharves, their total frontage being about 1,200 feet. One at Beaufort is a city wharf, open to all without charge; two (at Fort Macon and Pivers Island) are owned by the Govern- ment; and the remainder are privately owned, but are generally open to public use by all water carriers on equal terms when not in use by their owners. All of the wharves along this waterway are of pile and timber construction. There are ordinary county roads leading to the wharves and landings. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) gffect of improvement.--The cpmpleted sections of the canal pro- vide a safe, practicable channel for small boats in all weather. The reported traffic shows a marked increase both in volume and value since 1921. Due to the incompleted section of this canal through traffic from Beaufort to Norfolk has shown little change. This waterway has provided communication facilities for a large area in the sounds of North Carolina which is not provided with rail- road or highway facilities. Due to the incompleted section of the waterway, it has not been practicable to determine its effect upon transportation rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-New work dredging, involving the removal of 3,864,559 cubic yards of material, place measurement, was accomplished during the fiscal year by the U. S. pipe-line dredges Currituck and Major J. C. Mallery, operated by hired labor, and resulted in the completion of 43,788 linear feet of channels having the project depth of 12 feet at mean low water, as follows: Alligator River-Pungo River land cut, 29,295 linear feet of channel having a bottom width of 90 feet, with side slopes of 1 on 21/2; Wilkerson Creek, 1,735 linear feet of channel having a bot- tom width of 125 feet, with side slopes of 1 on 3; and Pungo River, 12,758 linear feet of channel having a bottom width of 250 feet, with :side slopes of 1 on 3. With the exception of the month of August, 1927, during which the dredge was overhauled and repaired, the dredge Currituck operated continuously throughout the year on the Alligator River-Pungo River land cut, removing therefrom x,772,785 cubic yards of material and completing 21,050 linear feet of channel. The dredge Mallery commenced operations on August 1, 1927, and dredged continuously until the end of the fiscal year on the Alligator River-Pungo River land cut, Wilkerson Creek, and Pungo River, removing therefrom 1,091,774 cubic yards of material and completing 22,738 linear feet of channels. The dike gang on Alligator River-Pungo River land cut cleared 24,400 linear feet of right of way to widths varying from 275 feet to 325 feet and constructed dikes for restraining dredged material with the brush removed. New work under contract for the construction of a railroad bridge with a steel swing draw span, faorcarrying the New Holland, ~Hig- 540 REP'ORTi2' CHIEF OiwETGfINE RS, Y.V8. ARMYY 1928 ginsport & Mt. Vernon Railroad across the Alligator River-Pungo River land cut, was comtienced in February, 1928, and continued until the close of the fiscal year, when the contract was about 95 per cent completed. Maintenance dredging with the U. S. pipe-line dredge Pullen, which was in progress in North Landing River, Va., at the close of the fiscal year 1927, was carried on intermittently during the year in North Landing River, Va., and N. C., and in Currituck Sound, N. C. A total of 1,233,864 cubic yards of material, place measure- ment, was removed, resulting in the restoration to the project depth of 12 feet at mean low water of 68,960 linear feet of channel having a width of 125 feet, one-half the project width. The total cost for the fiscal year was $652,027.99, of which $514,- 625.85 was for new work and $137,402.14 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $634,893.12. Condition at end of flscal year.--At the end of the fiscal year the existing project, estimated to involve dredging over distances aggre- gating 128 miles and the removal of 34,100,000 cubic yards of ma- terial, place measurement, was about 89 per cent completed, repre- senting the completion of 106.65 miles of dredged channels, 12 feet deep at mean low water, with bottom widths varying from 90 feet to 300 feet, and the removal of 30,215,007 cubic yards of material. Of the above improvement, 57.78 miles of channel, varying from 90 feet to 300 feet in bottom widths, are located between Norfolk, Va., and Albemarle Sound, N. C.; 5.94 miles of channel, with a bottom width of 250 feet, are located in Alligator River, N. C.; 21.13 miles of channel, with a bottom width of 90 feet, are located in the Alligator River-Pungo River land cut, N. C.; 0.33 mile of channel, with a bottom width of 125 feet, are located in Wilkerson Creek, N. C.; 2.42 miles of channel, with a bottom width of 250 feet, are located in Pungo River, N. C.; and 19.05 miles of channels, with bottom widths varying from 90 feet to 250 feet, are located between Neuse River and Beaufort Inlet, N. C. (Adams Creek-Core Creek Canal and approaches). The Norfolk-Albemarle Sound section and the Neuse River-Beaufort Inlet section are each 100 per cent com- pleted. The Alligator River, Alligator River-Pungo River land cut, and Wilkerson Creek-Pungo River sections are, respectively, 42 per cent, 98 per cent, and 71 per cent completed. The ruling depth at the end of the fiscal year was about 10 feet at mean low water, this. depth pertaining to North River Bar, at the mouth of North River in Albemarle Sound, N. C. Navigation for boat traffic is practicable throughout the year to the end of the improvement in Alligator River-Pungo River land cut, a distance of 125.38 miles southerly of the foot of Main Street, Norfolk, Va., and between the 12-foot con- tours in Neuse River and Beaufort Inlet, N. C., a distance of 19.05 miles. In order to complete the project, it is estimated that it will be necessary to dredge channels, varying from 90 feet to 250 feet in bottom widths for distances aggregating 21.35 miles, involving the removal of 3,884,993 cubic yards of material; to prosecute to com- pletion, under an existing contract, the construction of a railroad bridge with a draw span; to construct a fender system and an opera- tor's shelter for the above bridge; to construct two highway bridges with draw spans; and to consummate the purchase of the Lake Drummond (Dismal Swamp) Canal. RIVERS AND HARBORS NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 541 The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $6,322,562.58, of which $6,055,027.69, including $500,000 for the purchase of the Albemarle & Chesapeake Canal, was for new work and $267,534.89 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $6,892,812.20. Proposed operations.-At the close of the fiscal year there was an unexpended balance of $1,304,187.80, including $500,000 reserved for allotment for the purchase of Lake Drummond (Dismal Swamp) Canal, which it is proposed to apply as follows: Payment of outstanding liabilities and contract obligations per- taining to last fiscal year_--..--__--.. ---.--. --- __$64, 723. 05 Acquisition of right of way: North Carolina cut, N. C---------------------- $54.40 All.gator River-Pungo River land cut, N. C------ 3, 891. 24 Goose Creek-Bay River land cut, N. C--------- 10, 367. 34 14, 312. 98 New work (with U. S. Dredge tcurrituck). Dredging Alligator River-Pungo River land cut, N. C., to the project depth of 12 feet at mean low water, over a bottom width of 90 feet, 300,000 cubic yards, at 16% cents (July and August, 1928)---------- 50,000.00 New work (by contract} : Dredging Alligator River, N. C., to the project depth of 12 feet at mean low water over a bottom width of 250 feet, 1,000,000 cubic yards at 15 cents (August to Decem- ber, 1928) -------------------------------------------- 150, 000.00 New work (with U. S. dredge Qurrituck or by contract) : Dredg- ing Pamlico River-Bay River section, N. C., to the project depth of 12 feet at mean low water over bottom widths varying from 90 feet to 250 feet, 900,000 cubic yards, at 16% cents (January to June, 1929) --------------------------------- 150,000.00 New work (with U. S. dredge J. C. Mallery): Dredging Pungo River, N. C., to the project depth of 12 feet at mean low water over a bottom width of 250 feet, 100,000 cubic yards at 15 cents (July, 1928) -------------------------------------- 15, 000. 00 New work (by contract) : Construction, with a view to complet- ing an existing contract for the construction of a bridge with a draw span for carrying the New Holland, Higginsport & Mount Vernon Railroad across the Alligator River-Pungo River land cut, N. C. (July, 1928) ----------------------------- 9, 599. 00 New work (by contract) : Construction of a fender system for the channel opening in the railroad bridge now being con- structed across Alligator River-Pungo River land cut, N. C., (July, 1928) -------------------------------------------- 9, 983.43 New work (by contract or with Government plant). Construc- tion of a shelter for the operator of the railroad bridge now being constructed across Alligator River-Pungo River land cut, (August, 1928) ----------------------------------------- 500.00 New work: Purchase of Lake Drummond (Dismal Swamp) Canal,, (July, 1928, to June, 1929)_ ------------------------ 500, 000. 00 Maintenance (with U. S. dredge Pullen): Redredging to project dimensions completed channels between Norfolk, Va., and Albe- marle Sound, N. C., 900,000 cubic yards at 15 cents (October, 1928, to June, 1929 ____- - -__,__-_ 135,000.00 Maintenance (with U. S. dredge Currituck) : Redredging to project dimensions shoals at the eastern end of Alligator River-Pungo River land cut where dredging was done in 1922 and 1923, 1,000,000 cubic yards at 12 cents (August to December, 1928)_ 125, 000.00 Maintenance (with U. S. derrick barge No. 14): Snagging and bank trimming in completed land cuts during fiscal year 1929__ 10, 000. 00 Maintenance dredging in Adams Creek-Core Creek Canal and ap- proaches with U. S. dredge J. G. Mallery during August, 1928__ 7, 500. 00 Engineering, supervision, and contingencies__-- -- -___-___ 62, 569. 34 Total-- -- ------------- , 1, 304, 187. 80 542 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 The additional amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($518,000), will be applied as follows: New work: Dredging Pamlico River-Bay River section, N. C., 1,800,000 cubic yards, at 16% cents---- ------------------ $300, 000. 00 Construction of a highway bridge with a draw span across Goose Creek-Gale Creek land cut, N. C ----------------- 85, 000. 00 Maintenance: Redredging to project dimensions North River Bar, N. C., 375,000 cubic yards at 20 cents-------------------------75, 000. 00 Redredging to project dimensions Adams Creek-Core Creek Canal and approaches, N. C--------------------------- 8, 000. 00 Engineering, supervision and contingencies------------------ - 50,000. 00 Total _--------------------------------------------518, 000. 00 Commercial statistics.-The total tonnage of the waterway for the calendar year 1927, exclusive of 26,497 tons of rafted logs and piling, amounted to 623,551 tons, valued at $23,203,425. This tonnage is about 3 per cent less than in 1926 and its value about 11 per cent greater. About 58 per cent of the above tonnage was northbound. Of this, 87 per cent consisted of lumber, logs, and other forest prod- ucts, carried on barges. Other chief commodities northbound were potatoes, cotton, fish and oysters, and corn. The chief commodities southbound were fertilizer materials, gasoline and other petroleum products, sand and gravel, fruits and vegetables, sugar, and other vegetable food products. Four regular lines of self-propelled vessels used the waterway during the year as follows: One having two steamers and two motor boats, plying between Norfolk and Elizabeth City, making, in the aggregate, six round trips per week; and one having one motor vessel making three round trips per w9ek between Norfolk and Poplar Branch, N. C., also, one having four motor boats plying between Norfolk and Edenton, Williamston, Hertford, and other near-by North Carolina points, making in the aggregate, six round trips per week, and one having one steamer making three round trips per week between Norfolk and Elizabeth City, N. C. Comparative statement Calendar Tons Value Passengers Calendar Tons Value Passengers year year 19231.-------- 442,000 $16, 230, 966 6, 911 1926 4-------- 641, 662 $20, 865, 452 5, 918 1924 --------......... 497, 393 17, 427, 267 7, 921 1927 -------- 623, 551 23, 203, 425 4, 897 1925 -------- 521, 910 18, 621, 669 6, 518 1Additional traffic in rafted forest products amounted to 55,021 tons, valued at $341,353. 2 Additional traffic in rafted forest products amounted to 29,521 tons, valued at $190,441. 8Additional traffic in rafted forest products amounted to 29,040 tons, valued at $183,048. 4Additional traffic in rafted forest products amounted to 36,026 tons, valued at $162,469. SAdditional traffic in rafted forest products amounted to 26,497 tons, valued at $131,122. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928----------------------- $6, 347, 123. 34 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------ 320, 339. 24 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928- -------. 6, 667, 462. 58 Value of plant materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928- 607, 718. 25 Net total cost to June 30, 1928----------- 7, 275, 180. 83 RIVERS AND HARBOBRS---NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 543 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928------------ ----------- $37, 468. 63 Net total expenditures----------------------------- , 237, 712.20 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 -------------------------- 804, 187. 80 Total amount apprppriated to June 30, 1928--_-- ----- 8, 041, 900. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work....------------- ---------------------------------..........--------- $514, 625. 85 Cost of maintenance---------------------...............-----------..........................---------------------............ 137, 402.14 Total cost -- ------------------------------------------------------..... 652. 027. 99 Total expended..............--------------------- $270,817. 72 $345,176. 72 $618, 636. 75 $669.503. 81 634, 893. 12 Allotted------................................-------------------- 371, 500.00 447, 000.00 755, 000. 00 625, 000.00 710,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927.---------- --------- ----- $729, 080. 92 Amount allotted from War Department appropria- tion act approved Mar. 23, 1928------------- $530, 000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropria- tion act approved Feb. 23, 1927--------------- 180, 000. 00 710, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for--------------------- 1, 439, 080. 92 Gross amount expended-----------------------634,980. 27 Less receipts from sales-------------------------- 87. 15 634, 893. 12 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928--------------------- 804, 187. 80 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928--------------- 65, 894. 95 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts -------- 8, 555. 00 74, 449. 95 Balance available June 30, 1928 29, 737. 85 7----------------------- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1----------- 2, 278, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930: For new work 1--------------------------------- ---------- 385, 000.00 For maintenance 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 133, 000. 00 Total --------------------------------------------- 518, 000. 00 11. OPERATING AND CARE OF THE INLAND WATERWAY FROM NORFOLK, VA., TO BEAUFORT INLET, N. C. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms a part of the project for " Inland Waterway from Norfolk, Va., to Beaufort Inlet, N. C." (See pp. 536 to 543 where general information can be found.) The work carried on is the operation and maintenance of that part of the waterway which lies between Norfolk, Va., and Albemarle Sound, N. C., and between the Neuse River and Beaufort Inlet, N. C. Between Main Street, Norfolk, and the bell buoy at the mouth of North River in Albemarle Sound, a distance of 67.33 miles, the waterway includes 16.96 miles of land cuts between natural waterways and cut-offs of bends in rivers and 40.82 1 Exclusive of available funds. 14710---ENG 1928----35 544 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, , Thi S, ARMY 1928 miles of improved channels in natural :waterways. Between the. mouth of Adams Creek in Neuse River and the Norfolk-Southern Railroad crossing of the Newport River, at Morehead City, and Beaufort, N. C., a distance of 19.05 miles, the waterway includes 6.47 miles of land cut and 12.58 miles of improved channel in natural waterways. The maintenance and operation of the above improve- ments have been carried on under the permanent indefinite appro- priation since April 30, 1913, the date of purchase by the United States of the Albemarle & Chesapeake Canal from the Chesapeake & Albemarle Canal Co. Operations and res ults during fiscal year.-The four highway bridges owned by the Government and crossing the waterway were operated continuously during the year, and repairs and improvements to and reconstruction of buildings, bridges, piers, canal plant, and property were made as found necessary. The work which was in progress at the close of the preceding fiscal year on the construction of a sheet piling bulkhead, to prevent bank erosion on the south side of the canal between the site of the old locks and Great Bridge, Va., a distance of about three-fourths of a mile, was continued at intervals during the fiscal year, and resulted in the completion of about 1,350 feet of bulkhead. Rafts passing Great Bridge were inspected, and commercial statistics pertaining to the waterway were collected and compiled. All of the above work was performed by hired labor. A total of $41,487.08 was expended, of which $37,658.38 was disbursed by the Norfolk, Va., district, and $3,828.70 was disbursed by the Wilmington, N. C., district. Of the total expenditures, $22,238.46 was for operation of canals, bridges, and other work, $10,946.22 was for ordinary maintenance and repairs, and $8,302.40 was for improve- ments and reconstruction. Condition at end of fiscal yer.-The portion of the waterway between Norfolk, Va., and Albemarle Sound, N. C., had a controlling depth of 10 feet at mean low water in June, 1928, this depth per- taining to North River Bar, at the mouth of North River in Albe- marle Sound, and the portion between the Neuse River, N. C., and Beaufort Inlet, N. C., had a controlling depth of 12 feet at mean low water in June, 1924. The total expenditure for operating and care of the waterway from the indefinite appropriation was $419,016.66, including the sum of $43,996.84 disbursed by the Wilmington (N. C.) district during the period from July 1, 1923, to June 30, 1928. Proposed operations.-The bridges, buildings, and plant pertain- ing to the operation of the waterway, between the Norfolk & Western Railway bridge over the Southern Branch of Elizabeth River (6.34 miles south of the foot of Main Street, Norfolk) to and including the New Holland, Higginsport & Mount Vernon Railroad bridge on the Alligator River-Pungo River land cut, in Hyde County, N. C., a distance of 119.04 statute miles, will be operated and maintained under the allotment from the permanent indefinite appropriation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. 12. BLACKWATER RIVER, VA. Location and description.-This river, a nontidal stream, rises in Prince George County, near Petersburg, Va., and flows in a general RIVERS AND HARBORS 7--ORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 545 southeasterly direction for 80 miles, where it unites with the Notto- way River to form the Chowan River, which empties into Albemarle Sound. The portion under improvement extends from its mouth tQ Franklin, Va., a distance :of 13 miles. The average width between banks below Franklin, Va., is 200 feet. The drainage area and dis- charge at high and low water are unknown. It is a sluggish stream and carries very little sediment. (See U. S. Geological Survey, Holland quadrangle, Virginia.) Original condition.--The channel was about 7 feet deep at mean low water from the mouth to Franklin, Va., but navigation was hampered by obstructions and short bends. Above Franklin the channel dimensions were considerably less. The head of navigation was usually referred to as being at Franklin, Va., about 13 miles above the mouth, but the stream had, as at present, a depth of 3 feet at mean low water to Burdette, Va., about 12 miles farther upstream, making a total navigable length of about 25 miles. Previous project.-The original and only project antedating the present project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 18, 1878. A total of $14,000 was expended under this project for new work. This amount also represents the cost. For further details of the previous projects see page 1802 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project. This provides for clearing the 13 miles of river below Franklin, Va., of obstructions, so as to afford a condition of easy navigation for boats of 7-foot draft. The stream is nontidal. The portion of the river under improvement is subject to freshets of short duration, causing rises of 3 to 4 feet, but the general stage of the river remains for the greater part of the time at the elevation of Albemarle Sound, with which it connects. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1907, exclusive of amount expended on previous projects, was $8,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, in accordance with report published in House Docu- ment No. 177, Fifty-ninth Congress, first session. There is no pub- lished map of this improvement. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-Thereis a wharf and warehouse at Franklin, Va., and three small wharves with warehouses between this point and the mouth of the river. All of these are privately owned, but are open to the general public on equal terms. Physical connection between rail and water carriers exists only at Franklin, Va., where the Seaboard Air Line has a track on the wharf. The streets of Franklin connect with the wharf at that point, and at the other landings are ordinary country roads. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvemsent.-Navigation has been rendered easier and safer by the work that has been performed. It has not been possible to ascertain what effect, if any, the improvement has had on freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The operations during the fiscal year consisted of the removal of trees, logs, snags, and a 546 REP1O t' OFCIEF O f' GINEERS tr. S. ARMY 1928 other obstructions from the banks and channel of the river between Franklin and the mouth, a distance of 13 miles. The U. S. derrick boat No. 14, operated by hired labor, was employed on this work from December 29, 1927, to February 16, 1928. The total cost for the fiscal year amounted to $2,693.33, all of which was for maintenance, and covered the cost of snagging opera- tions and expenses incidental thereto. The total expenditure was $2,693.33. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1908, at a saving of $5,856 under the estimated cost. Logs, snags, trees, and other obstructions have been removed at various times, and there was an available depth of 7 feet at mean low water between Franklin, Va., the head of navigation, and the mouth of the river at the last examination, which was made in January, 1928. The head of navigation has not been affected by the improvement. Navigation for boat traffic is practicable throughout the year. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $18,193.33, of which $2,144.33 was for new work and $16,049 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $18,193.33. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($3,006.67), will be applied to maintenance in the removal of sunken logs, snags, trees, etc., to make the natural depth of the river avail- able for navigation at such locations and at such times as may be necessary during the fiscal year 1929. The additional amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($2,000), will be applied to main- tenance snagging. Commercial statistics.-The tonnage of traffic on the river in 1927, including 30,034 tons of rafted logs and piling, amounted to 34,304, valued at $500,605. The tonnage was about 230 per cent greater and the value about 28 per cent greater than in 1926. These increases were caused by increase in shipments of rafted logs. There was a decrease of 4 per cent.in freight carried by steamers during 1927. The chief commodities carried on the river during 1927 consisted of rafted logs, also peanuts, fertilizer, and cotton, carried by three steamboats and one motor boat of the Albemarle Steam Navigation Company, having drafts of 51/2 to 7 feet, making collectively, an av- erage of about two round trips per week. Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year Tons Value 1923 ..................--- 27, 272 $406, 605 1926 4 -------------------- 10, 349 $388, 360 1924 2 ... .......------------------- 9, 728 489, 765 1927 - ---------- -------.. 34, 304 500, 605 1925 ...................... -------------------- 5, 552 496, 598 1Includes 23,707 tons logs and piling, rafted, with value of $96,481. s Includes 5,243 tons logs, rafted, with value of $26,215. 3 Includes 510 tons logs,,rafted, with value of $2 190. 4 Includes 5,892 tons logs, rafted, with value of $12,530. Includes 30,034 tons logs and piling, rafted, with value of $135,225. RIVERS AND HARBORS -NORFOLK, VA DISTRICT 547 Cost and flnancial isumary, Cost of new work to June 30, 1928--------------------------$16, 144. 33 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928--______i ------------- 16,049. 00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928-------------32, 193.33 Net total expenditures----___ ----------------------- 32, 193. 33 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928----------------------------3, 006. 67 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928_ --------- 35, 200.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work----, ......................... --..---- ....-.--------............------------ Cost of maintenance ................ ----.. -- ---..... ,-------.........---..........-- $2,693. 33 Total expended----------------..... .....-- $1, 95. 96 $665. 06 ---------- $5, 060. 09 2, 693. 33 Allotted ----------------------------- 2, 500. 00 2,700. 00 3, 000. 00 ............---------- 3, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927------------------------- $2,700.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928------------------------------------------ 3, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for_.. __----------------- 5, 700. 00 Gross amount expended __________-__--------- 2, 693.33 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 --------------------- 3, 006.67 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance _------- 1__ 2,0. 00 13. MEHERRIN RIVER, N. C. Location and description.-This river rises in Lunenburg County, Va., flows in a southeasterly direction a distance of about 100 miles, and empties into the Chowan River, N. C., at a point about 39 miles above Albemarle Sound, N. C. The portion under improvement ex- tends from its mouth to Murfreesboro, N. C., a distance of 12 miles. Currents are generally feeble. The average width between banks below Murfreesboro is 250 feet. The drainage area and discharge at high and low water are not known. (See U. S. Geological Survey, Winton quadrangle, N. C.) Original condition.-The channel -was about 80 feet wide and 7 feet deep at mean low water from the mouth of the river to Mur- freesboro, but it was badly obstructed by logs, sunken trees, and shoals. Above Murfreesboro the channel was narrower, more tor- tuous, and the obstructions more numerous and dangerous. The head of navigation was usually considered as being at Murfreesboro, 12 miles above the mouth, but small boats used'the river, as at pres- ent, as far as Princeton Landing, 5 miles farther upstream, making a total navigable length of 17 miles. Previous projects.-The original and only previous project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1883. The cost and expenditures under this project were $4,584,53 for new work. For further details of previous project see page 1802 of Annual Report for 1915. SExclusive of available funds. 548 REP i :.O dF OHIEF' EINTEERS, U . 6. ARMY, 1928 Existing project.-This provides for the removal of shoals, sunken lQgs, snags, and other obstructions, so as to make the river safely navigable for vessels of less than 7 feet draft between the mouth and Murfreesboro, a distance of 12 miles. The entire stream is nontidal and, except during freshets, its water surface rises and falls accord- ing as the winds raise or lower the water level of Albemarle Sound. Freshets cause variations of water level of from 3 to 4 feet in the navigable- portion of the river. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1907, exclusive of amount expended on previous project, was $6,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 137, 59th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest map see House Document No. 112, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are five small pile wharves, with roughly constructed wooden warehouses, on this river, two of which are at Murfreesboro, N. C., and three between this point and the mouth of the river. All of these wharves are privately owned but are open to general public use on equal terms upon the payment of wharfage. There are no railroad connections with any of the wharves, but ordinary county roads extend to all of the landings. The wharfage facilities are considered adequate for existing com- merce., (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of inmprovement.-Navigation on this stream has been ren- dered easier and safer. It has not been possible to ascertain what effect, if any, the improvement has had on freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The operations during the fiscal year consisted of the removal of logs, snags, trees and other obstructions from the banks and channel of the river between Murfreesboro and the mouth, a distance of 12 miles. The U. S. der- rick boat No. 14, operated by hired labor, was employed on this work from November 11 to December 28, 1927. The total cost for the fiscal year amounted to $2,832.24, all of which was for maintenance and covered the cost of snagging operations and expenses incidental thereto. The total expenditure was $2,832.24. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1908 at a saving of $4,067 under the estimated cost. Sunken logs, snags, and overhanging trees have been removed and there was an available depth of 7 feet at mean low water between Mur- freesboro, the head of navigation, and the mouth of the river at the last examination, which was made in December, 1927. The head of navigation has not been affected by the improvement. Navigation for boat traffic is practicable throughout the year. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $18,682.37, of which $1,932.88 was for new work and $16,749.49 was for maintenance. The total expediture was $18,682.37. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($3,017.63), will be applied to maintenance in the removal of sunken i IIVE1 AND flARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 549 logs, snags, overhanging trees, etc., to make the natural depth of the river available for navigation at such locations and at such times as may be necessary during the fiscal year 1929. The additional amount that can be , profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($2,000), will be applied to mainte- nance snagging. Commercial statistics.--The total water-borne tonnage of the river reported for the calendar year 1927, amounted to 12,879 short tons, valued at $550,427. The tonnage was about 9 per cent greater and the value about 10 per cent less than in 1926. There'was an increase of about 52 per cent in the tonnage of rafted forest products. Almost all package freight was carried by three steamers and one motor boat of the Albemarle Steam Navigation Co., having drafts of 51/2 to 7 feet, making collectively an average of about four trips per week. The remainder of the package freight, consisting of fertilizer and petroleum products, was carried principally on motor boats. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1923--.....------------------................ 31,813 $997, 661 1926.................--------------------- 11,806 $556, 031 1924....................... 33,405 1, 029,395 1927 ....................--------------------- 12, 879 550, 427 1925----------------------- 25,667 989,396 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928--------------------------- $6, 517. 41 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928_-______,------------- 16, 749.49 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------- 23, 266. 90 Net total expenditures------------- -- ---------------------- 23, 266. 90 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 ------- - -___-__-- 3, 017. 63 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928---___ ________26, 284. 53 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work ------------ . ..- ----- Cost of maintenance---------------------- ----------- ------------ -------------- - -...- ,-... . -.. - .. -1-...1. ----- _ j-- -- .. .1_ .. $2, 832. 24 Total expended---------------------............................ $2,292, 81 $567. 24 ............ $4, 788.97 2,832.24 Allotted----------------- ------------................................... 2, 500 00 3,000. 00----- 2, 700. 00 3, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927----- --------- $2, 849. 87 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 23, 1928----------- ----------------------------- 3,000.00 Net amount to be accounted for. .--------------------- 5, 849. 87 Gross amount expended---------------_--- ------ 2, 832.24 .Balance unexpended June 30, 1928- - --- ------- 3, 017. 63 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June '30, 1930, for maintenance 1----- -- -- 2, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. 550 REPORT OF CHIEF OF° ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 14. ROANOKE RIVER, N. C. Location and description.-This stream is formed by the junction of the Dan and Staunton Rivers at Clarksville, Va., and flows south- easterly for 198 miles into Albemarle Sound, N. C. The portion under improvement extends from Weldon, N. C., to the mouth, a distance of 129 miles. It has a drainage area of 9,200 square miles, an average low-water discharge of 1,400, and an average high-water discharge of 15,000 second-feet. Freshets are violent but of short duration. Ordinarily the current is moderate. The average width between banks is 330 feet. The stream is nontidal. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1228 and Post Route Map of North Carolina.) Original condition.-The controlling depth from the mouth of the river to Hamilton, N. C., a distance of 62 miles, was 10 feet at mean low water. From Hamilton to Weldon, N. C., a distance of 67 miles, the controlling depth was from 2 to 3 feet at mean low water, but the channel was obstructed by shoals, snags, sunken vessels, and over- hanging trees. The head of navigation for all purposes was at Weldon, N. C., 129 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for removing obstructions be- tween the mouth and Hamilton, a distance of 62 miles, so as to fur- nish a channel adequate for vessels navigating the North Carolina sounds, and, by dredging, snagging, and regulation, securing a chan- nel with a least width of 50 feet and a depth of 5 feet at mean low water from Hamilton to Weldon, a distance of 67 miles. The stream is nontidal. The rise and fall of the river, resulting from freshets is from 10 to 30 feet for 60 or 70 miles below Weldon, but this fluc- tuation diminishes toward the mouth, the variations in water level being from 1 to 3 feet in the last 15 or 20 miles. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1871, was $269,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871 (S. Ex. Doc. No. 23, 42d Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1872, p. 726). For latest published map see page 1110, Annual Report for 1890. Recommended modifications of project.--Under date of March 23, 1928, the Chief of Engineers recommended the modification of the existing project for Roanoke River, N. C., so as to provide, for a channel 10 feet deep and 150 feet wide between the mouth and Albe- marle Sound, at an estimated cost of $46,500, with $1,000 annually for maintenance. (See H. Doc. No. 211, 70th Cong., 1st sess.). Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are nine wharves at Plymouth, N. C., and two between this point and the head of navigation, all of which are of the open pile work or bylkhead type, with warehouses. There are also about 20 warehouses between the mouth of the river and the head of navigation. All of the wharves and landings are privately owned, except one of the wharves at Plymouth, which is publicly owned. All are open to general public use on equal terms, except three of the wharves at Plymouth, which are private wharves. Direct physical connection between railroads and water carriers exists only at Plymouth, where the Norfolk Southern Railroad tracks RIVERS AND IARS-OBS NOBFOLK , VA., DISTRICT 551 extend to the company's wharf. The Atlantic Coast Line also enters Plymouth and has indirect rai$connection with the Norfolk Southern water terminals. Ordinary county roads, the condition of which varies with the season of the year, lead to all landings. The facilities on this stream are considered adequate for existing com- mnerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Navigation has been rendered easier and safer. It has not been practicable to determine the effect, if any, of the improvement on freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The operations during the fiscal year consisted of the removal of logs, snags, trees, and other obstructions from the banks and channel of the river between Hamilton and Jamesville, a distance of 44 miles. The U. S. derrick boat No. 14, operated by hired labor, was employed on this work from August 17 to October 31, 1927. The total cost for the fiscal year amounted to $4,706.28, all of which was for maintenance, and covered the cost of snagging oper- ations and expenses incidental thereto. The total expenditure was $4,706.28. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 84 per cent completed. Obstructions and some shoals have been removed and the channel has been cleared of logs and snags between the mouth of the river and a point about 5 miles below Weldon. The con- trolling depths at the last examination, which was made in October, 1927, were as follows: Between the mouth of the river and Hamilton, a distance of 62 miles, a minimum depth of 10 feet at mean low water; and between Hamilton and a point 2 miles below Weldon, a distance of 65 miles, a minimum depth of 3 feet at mean low water. The head of navigation for boats is at Weldon, and has not been affected by the improvement. Navigation for boat traffic is practicable throughout the year. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $258,651.34, of which $227,074.12 was for new work and $31,- 577.22 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $258,651.34. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($3,000), will be applied to maintenance in the removal of sunken logs, snags, overhanging trees, etc., to make the natural depth of the river available for navigation, at such times and at such locations as may be necessary during the fiscal year 1929. The additional amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($3,000), will be applied to maintenance snagging. Commercial statistics.-The tonnage of water-borne traffic as re- ported for the calendar year 1927 amounted to 158,041 short tons, valued at $2,456,350. Of the above tonnage, about 82 per cent con- sisted of forest products, downbound, of which about 74 per cent were logs floated in rafts. The other chief commodities downbound were cotton, peanuts, cottonseed, and tobacco. The chief upbound commodities comprised petroleum products and fertilizer. The ton- nage of forest products was about 35 per cent greater than in 1926, and that of other commodities about 110 per cent greater than in 1926. This increase was due chiefly to receipts of fertilizer at a 552 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 192 8 plant on the river that began operations in 1927. There were no steamers reported plying on the river during 1927. Package freight was carried principally by one motor boat having a loaded draft of 71/2 feet, making an average of about six round trips per week. Considerable package freight was also carried by other smaller motor boats. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1923 1-------------------... 121, 380 $2,042,143 1926 ---------------.. --- , 111, 821 $1,194, 381 1924 2----...................... 115, 293 1, , 935,147 1927 ....------------------- 158,041 2,456, 350 1925-------------------...................... 130,479 1 271, 095 1 Includes 72,500 tons rafted logs, valued at $180,371. 2 Includes 87,500 tons rafted logs, valued at $195,000. IIncludes 88,725 tons rafted logs, valued at $190,000. 4 Includes 57,000 tons rafted logs, valued at $162,500. 5 Includes 96,000 tons rafted logs, valued at $272,000. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 --- - - ________---__$227, --- 074. 12 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928-------------------------31, 577. 22 Total cost to permanent work to June 30, 1928--------- 258, 651. 34 Net total expenditures -------- - -- -- -- - 258, 651. 34 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928--------------------------- 3, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 ----------- 261, 651. 34 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 of newne Cost of or work----........-- Cost ot maintenance ...................................................................... - " -- --- --------------------------------------------------------- ----- --- -- --- --$4, 706. 28 $4, 706.28 Total expended----------------............................- 3, 137. 91 $338.16 $4,813. 37 $416. 08 4,706.28 Allotted-----------------------------2,500.00 2,70000 4,951. 34 3, 000. 00 ............------------ Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 ---------------------------- $2, 754. 94 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928------------------------ $3, 000.00 Amount transferred from Newbegun Creek, N. C--------1, 951. 34 4, 951. 34 Net amount to be accounted for-------------------- ---- 7, 706. 28 Gross amount expended ---------------------------------- 4, 706.28 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 ----------------------- 3, 000. 00 Amount (estimated)- - required to be appropriated for completion of - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - existing project 42, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably 1 expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance ------- _---------------------------- 3, 000. 00 15. NEWBEGUN CREEK, N. C. Location and description.-This stream rises in Pasquotank County, N. .C., flows in an easterly direction a distance of about 5 miles, and empties into the Pasquotank River about 5 miles above 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND IARBORS--NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 553 the mouth of that river :in Albemarle Sound. The stream is non- tidal and sluggish. The width between banks is about one-fourth mile at its mouth. This width gradually decreases, until about 2 miles above its mouth the width is about 700 feet, and 21/2 miles farther upstream is only about 70 feet, at the head of navigation at Walstons Bridge. The drainage area and discharge at high and low water are not known. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1228.) Original condition.-The controlling depth from the mouth of the river to the head of navigation was and is about 41/2 feet at mean low water. In the Pasquotank River, in front of the mouth of the creek there is a sand bar over which there was a channel with a depth of about 4 feet at mean low water. The head of navigation for all purposes was and is at Walstons Bridge, about 41/2 miles above the mouth. Previous project-None. Ecisting projet.-This provides for an available depth of 5 feet at mean low water, and width of 40 feet, increased at entrances and on curves, across the bar at the mouth of the stream, a distance of about 3,000 feet. The stream is nontidal, and except immediately after heavy rainfall the level of the creek varies with that of Albe- marle Sound, which is largely influenced by wind, and unfavorable winds may cause variations of 2 feet above or below the mean level. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1913, was $5,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The existing project was adopted in the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 24, 63d Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 13 landings or warehouses on the creek. One of these, Old Weeksville, is owned by the county, but is leased to a company owning a gasoline boat operating on the river. All the other wharves and warehouses are privately owned. The wharves are of pile and openwork construction. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. Effect of imp rovement.- The improvement has enabled deeper- draft vessels to pass over the bar at the mouth of the creek, and has rendered navigation easier and safer for this portion of the stream. It has not been practicable to ascertain what effect, if any, the improvement has had on freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done dur- ing the fiscal year. The total cost for the fiscal year amounted to $123.86, and covered the cost of inspections, collection of commercial statistics, etc., and is charged to maintenance. The total expenditure for the fiscal year was $123.86. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1920. The controlling depth over the part of the stream included in the project was 5 feet at mean low water at the last ex- amination, which was made in February, 1920. The head of naviga- tion for boats is at Old Weeksville, 5 miles above the mouth of the creek, and has not been affected by the improvement. Navigation for boat traffic is practicable throughout the fiscal year. 554 REPORT. OF* CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $5,048.66, of which $4,802.08 was for new work and $246.58 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $5,048.66. Proposed operations. At the close of the fiscal year there were no funds available for expenditure on this improvement, and it is not believed that any additional funds will be required for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930. Commercial statistics.-The water-borne traffic reported for the waterway for the calendar year 1927 amounted to only 417 short tons of piling in rafts carried downstream. There were no boats other than one steam tug reported plying on the creek during the year, and that made only one trip. There has been no regular boat line using the creek since 1924. Transportation facilities for the area tributary to the creek are being furnished by autotrucks on improved high- ways. Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year Tons Value ---...... 1923.............-------------------.. 2, 042 $66,464 1926._----------------------- 130 $5,580 1924......... .........--------------------- 26,370 354, 435 1927.----------------------- 417 2,417 252 6, 552 1925-----------------------......................... Cast and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928--------------------- --------- $4, 802. 08 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------- --- 246. 58 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928---------------5,048.66 Net total expenditures---------------------------------------- 5, 048. 66 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------------------------5, 048. 66 Fiscal year ending June 30...---------------- 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new workL -- -- - ----------- ------- ---------- ---- ------------ Cost of maintenance---------------------- ......................------------------------- ------------ $123. 86 Total expended .. ...............-------------------------. $43. 16. "--- 123. 86 Allotted----- -- --------- - - - -------- - -- -- - 1, 951. 34 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927--------------------------- --- $2, 075.20 Deduction on account of transfer of allotment to Roanoke River, N. C -------------------------------------------- ---------- 1, 951.34 Gross amount expended------------------------------------------ 123. 86 16. SCUPPERNONG RIVER, N. C. Location and description.-This river rises in the center of a peninsula between Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds. It flows in a general northerly direction, making a long bend eastward to the town of Columbia, then turning westward again until it flows into RIVERSiIAND fBHABOBS---4'ORFOLK,' VA., DISTRICT 555 Albemarle Sound. Its length is about 30 miles, and its drainage area is about 182 square miles. There are no lunar tides. The cur- rent is sluggish, the fall per mile being very small. The width of the stream between Columbia and the mouth varies from 60 feet to 3,000 feet. The discharge of this stream depends on prevailing winds and is impossible to measure. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1228.) . Original conditian.-There was a depth of about 5 feet at mean low water across the bar at the mouth. The upper portion was ob- structed by logs, snags, stumps, overhanging growth, and by abrupt bends, Spruills Bridge was the head of navigation for steamers- 23 miles from mouth. Logging and rafting could be carried 1 mile farther. Previous projects.-The previous projects for this improvement were adopted by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1879, and June 13, 1902. The cost and expenditures thereunder were $21.248.68 for new work, and $13,061.56 for maintenance, a total of $34,310.24. For further details of previous projects see page 1802 of Annual Report for 1918. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 10 feet deep and 150 feet wide on bottom across the bar; thence 10 feet deep and 100 feet wide on bottom up to and in front of the town of Columbia; thence 8 feet deep and 40 feet wide on bottom to Spruills Bridge near Creswell, including six cut-offs; thence 7 feet deep and 30 feet wide on bottom to the highway bridge near Cherry; and a turn- ing basin 7 feet deep, of a triangular form 150 feet wide on a side, near Cherry Bridge at the mouth of Mauls Creek. The plane of reference is mean low water. This is a nontidal stream, the oscillations of the surface being controlled by the winds, which cause ordinary variations of 1 foot. The extreme range of wind tides is 5.1 feet, as determined by one year's tide gauge readings. The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1925 was $59,000, exclusive of amount expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,500. The project was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 1196, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The wharves on the portion of this river under improvement number 27, of which 9 are below Columbia, 12 at Columbia, 4 near Cross Landing, and 2 at Spruills Bridge. They are all of timber construction with pile foundation, and generally have plank decking. They have a frontage varying from 3 to 286 feet, the total frontage being 1,530 feet. All are private and, except those pertaining solely to the lumber interests, are open to all water carriers free of charge. The existing facilities are considered ade- quate for the present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has had the effect of reducing freight rates and enabling deeper draft vessels to use the river. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The operations during the fiscal year consisted of the removal of logs, snags, trees, and 556 REPORT OF CHIEF OF EINEERS, ~. S. ARMY, 192 8 other obstructions from the banks and channel of the river between Cherry and the mouth, a distance of 20 miles. The U. S. derrick barge No. 14, operated by hired labor, was employed on this work from February 17 to April 13, 1928. The total cost for the fiscal year amounted to $4,720.75, all of which was for maintenance, and covered the cost of snagging opera- tions and expenses incidental thereto. The total expenditure was $4,720.75. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in August, 1925, resulting in channels having depths at mean low water and bottom widths as follows: Across the bar at the mouth, i0 feet deep and 150 feet wide; from the bar to the town of Columbia, 10 feet deep and 100 feet wide; from Columbia to Spruills Bridge, a distance of 12 miles, 8 feet deep and 40 feet wide; from Spruills Bridge to Cherry, a distance of 21/ miles, 7 feet deep and 30 feet wide; and a turning basin, at the mouth of Mauls Creek near Cherry, triangular in shape, 150 feet on a side and 7 feet deep, having an area of 9,740 square feet. The head of navigation is at Cherry and has not been affected by the improvement. Navigation for boat traffic is practicable throughout the year. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $65,062.22, of which $59,914.95 was for new work and $5,147.27 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $65,062.22. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1928, ($2,064.74), will be applied to maintenance in the removal of shoals, sunken logs, overhanging trees, etc., to make the project depth of the river available for navigation, at such locations and at such times as may be necessary during the fiscal year 1929. The additional amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($2,500), will be applied to main- tenance dredging and snagging. Commercial statistics.-The river's traffic reported for the calendar year 1927 amounted to 4,566 short tons, valued at $134,572. The above tonnage was about 19 per cent greater than in 1926 and the value about 49 per cent less. The increase in tonnage was due chiefly to shipments of logs on barges, and the decrease in value was caused by less expensive commodities being carried in 1927 than in 1926. The chief commodities upbound were fertilizer, ice, and petroleum products. Those downbound were logs on barges and shingles. Package freight was carried in motor vessels with maximum drafts of 81 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Passen- Calendar year Tons Value Passen- gers gers 1923 1---..... 51, 077 $676, 577 603 1926------------ 3, 811 $267, 600 307 1924 2...........--- 37, 718 707, 683 310 1927.------------ 4, 566 134, 572 137 1925.........------------..5, 721 493, 850 497 1 Includes 6,240 tons of logs and piling raftel, valued at $23,633. 2Includes 7,184 tons of logs and piling rafted, valued at $36,453. RIVERS AND HARBORS NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 557 Cost and financial sumnmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928-.......-------------------------- $81, 163. 63 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928-----.--------__ . 18,108. 83 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928__ --------- 99, 372. 46 Net total expenditures--------------------------------- 99, 372. 46 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928_ -_____--------------.. 2,064. 74 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-------- 101,437.20 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work -- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -- - - - - .- - - .-...... Cost of maintenance .......------------...--------------------------------------------- $4, 720. 75 Total expended........................------------------------ $426.52 $28,315.50$1, 172.47 ---------- 4,720.75 -------- Allotted.... ---------------- -------------- 14, 626. 96 ------------ $2, 700. 00 3, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927---------- ---------- --- $3, 785.49 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928_--,---------- -- --------- 3, 000.00 Net amount to be accounted for- --...- ---------- -- 6, 785. 49 Gross amount expended----------------------------------- 4, 720 75 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 --------------------- 2, 064. 74 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance _______------------------------------- 2, 500.00 17. MANTEO (SHALLOWBAG) BAY, N. C. Location and description.-Manteo Bay or Shallowbag Bay, formed by a natural indentation of the shore line, is situated on the northeastern side of Roanoke Island, N. C. Elizabeth City, N. C., the nearest town, is 45 miles to the northwest, and Norfolk, Va., lies 90 miles north by west. The length and width of the bay are very small, being about a mile wide by 11/4 miles long. The bay is nontidal; variations in the water level are due to winds. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1229.) O'iginal condition.-About 5 feet was the maximum draft that could be carried into the bay at mean low water. Manteo was the head of navigation, 1 mile from entrance. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 100 feet wide and 6 feet deep at mean low water from the entrance to the town of Manteo, 1 mile. The variations of the water surface are due to winds, such variations seldom exceeding 1 or 2 feet higher or lower than the mean stage. The extreme range of wind tides is 5.1 feet, as determined by one year's tide gauge readings at Manteo. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1908, was $13,750: The latest (1908) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $2,000. This project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 906, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 558 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, -19 28 Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The wharves on the portion of this harbor under improvement number 17. All but one are of timber construc- tion with pile foundation. They have a frontage varying from 40 to 120 feet, the total frontage being 1,060 feet. All are private and all but two are open to all water carriers free of charge. The ex- isting facilities are considered adequate for the present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of impmpovement.-The improvement has had the effect of allowing larger and safer boats to use this bay. It has, however, had no effect on freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-A survey of Manteo (Shallowbag) Bay was made in April and May, 1928. The total cost for the fiscal year amounted to $1,279.06, all of which was for maintenance, and covered the cost of the survey, office expenses, etc. The total expenditure was $1,279.06. Condition at end of fascal year.-The project was completed in 1911. The controlling depth in May, 1928, when the last examination was made, was 5 feet at mean low water. The head of navigation, at Manteo, has not been affected by the improvement. Navigation for boat traffic is practicable throughout the year. The total cost of the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $25,450.91, of which $10,503.18 was for new work and $14,947.73 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $25,450.91. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($5,899.09), will be applied to,laintenance dredging to restore the channel to project dimensions at such locations and at such times as may be necessary during the fiscal year 1929. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930. Commercial statistics.-The water-borne traffic pertaining to Man- teo (Shallowbag) Bay, N. C., reported for the calendar year 1927, amounted to 28,324 short tons, valued at $1,566,626. The tonnage was about 128 per cent greater and the value about 33 per cent greater than for 1926. About 75 per cent of the increase in tonnage was due to receipt of sand and clay used in road construction. The chief commodities received comprised sand and clay, petroleum products, vegetable food products, sea food, and general merchandise. The chief commodities shipped consisted of fresh fish, crabs, lumber, ice, hay, and feed, potatoes and other vegetables. Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Calendar year Tons Value Passengers 1923- ......... - 13, 181 $1, 590, 081 11, 222 1926____________ 12, 386 $1, 179, 690 9,256 1924............ 12, 077 1,110, 168 15, 000 1927..... - - 28, 324 1, 566, 626 6, 891 1925... ....... - 14, 135 1, 513, 965 12, 298 RIVERS AND HARBORS -ORFOLK, V., DISTRICT 559 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928------------------------- $10, 503. 18 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928_____________------------- 14, 947. 73 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928-------------25, 450. 91 Net total expenditures------------------------------ 25, 450. 91 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928-------------------------- 5, 899. 09 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------ ------ 31, 350. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work...-------------- ---- -------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance-----------------------...................... ..............---------------------------------- $1, 279. 06 Total expended...........................------------------------ $101.15 $320.70 .------ - ----- 1,279.06 Allotted--.........--------------............ ------------- 5,000. 00 2,000.00 -....---............-----............ Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 --------------------------- $7, 178. 15 Gross amount expended. 279.06 1,-------------------------- Balance unexpended June 30, 1928-----------------------5, 899. 09 STATEMENT OF APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPENDITURES ON WORKS OF RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENT TO JUNE 30, 1928, IN THE NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT Appropriations (or allot)nents) : Seacoast harbors and channels--------------------- $17, 243, 255. 82 Internal waterways-------------------------------- 10, 649, 593.08 Expenditures (exclusive of receipts from sales, etc.) : New work _-----------------------------------22, 986, 241.43 Maintenance -------------------------------------- 2, 506, 487. 18 Operating and care of canals, etc------------------ ----- 375, 019. 82 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED SEPTEMBER 22, 1922, MARCH 31 1925, AND JANUARY 21, 1927 Reports on preliminary examinations and surveys required by the river and harbor acts of September 22, 1922, and March 3, 1925, of the following localities within this district were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engi- neers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were trans- mitted to Congress and printed in documents as indicated: 1. Preliminary ewamination and survey of Norfolk Harbor, Va., in the vicinity of Craney Island.-Reports dated March 16, 1923, and September 24, 1927, with map, are printed in House Document No. 143, Seventieth Congress, first session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for an anchor- age basin west of the main channel 30 feet deep, 1,200 feet wide, and 2,400 feet long, extending south of a line at right angles to the channel and 300 feet southerly from the southernmost point of Craney Island, at an estimated cost of $90,000, and for elimination from the project of the 25-foot anchorage area. 14710---EING 1928----36 560 REPORT OF CHIE OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 2 8 2. Preliminary examination and survey of Nansemond River, Va.- Reports dated October 30, 1926, and January 4, 1928, are printed in House Document No. 184, Seventieth Congress, first session. Recom- mendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a channel 12 feet deep and 100 feet wide from the mouth to the head of navigation, 0.45 mile above the highway bridge at Suffolk, with a turning basin 200 feet square at Suffolk, and for a channel 10 feet deep and 80 feet wide in western branch from its mouth to Reids Ferry, at a total estimated cost of $92,300, with $3,500 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. 3. Preliminary examination and survey of Norfolk Harbor, Va., channel in the Western Branch, of Elizabeth River.-Reports dated December 15, 1926, and January 10, 1928, with map, are printed in House Document No. 265, Seventieth Congress, first session. Rec- ommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for an additional channel in Western Branch 18 feet deep and 150 feet wide extending for a distance of about 3,000 feet above the west. Norfolk Highway Bridge, at an estimated cost of $25,500, with $1,000 annually for maintenance. 4. Preliminary examination and survey of Scotts Creek, Va.- Reports dated October 27, 1926, and October 26, 1927, with map, are printed in House Document No. 189, Seventieth Congress, first session. A plan of improvement is presented which provides for a channel 12 feet deep and 100 feet wide from the mouth to a point 100 feet above the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad bridge, at an estimated cost of $31,000, with $500 annually for maintenance, this improvement being recommended subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. 6. Preliminary examination and survey of Knobbs Creek, N. C.- Reports dated May 19, 1926, and January 22, 1927, with map, are printed in House Document No. 102, Seventieth Congress, first ses- sion. A plan of improvement is presented which provides for a channel 10 feet deep from that depth in Pasquotank River to the Norfolk-Southern Railroad bridge, generally 60 feet wide in the creek and 100 feet wide in Pasquotank River, with a turning basin opposite the plant of the Chesson Manufacturing Co., at an estimated cost of $79,000, with $500 annually for maintenance, this improve- ment being recommended subject to certain conditions of local co- operation. 6. Preliminary examination and survey of mouth of Roanoke River, N. C.-Reports dated November 30, 1926, and February 13, 1928, with map, are printed in House Document No. 211, Seventieth Congress, first.session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a channel 10 feet deep and 150 feet wide between the mouth and Albemarle Sound, at an estimated cost of $46,500, with $1,000 annually for maintenance. Reports on preliminary examinations required by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1925, and January 21, 1927, of the following localities within this district were duly submitted by the district engineer.. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress, but have not yet been printed: RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, N. O., DISTRIOT 561 1. Prelininaryawamdination and survey of channel from Newport News Channel, Va., to municipal boat harbor in Newport News.- Reports dated April 17, 1926, and December 5, 1927, were transmitted to Congress February 24, 1928. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. 2. Preliminary examination of Chuckatuck River, counties of Isle of Wight and Nansemond, Va.-Report dated November 28, 1927 was transmitted to Congress May 26, 1928. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. 3. Preliminary examination of channel from Maple, N. C., to the inland waterway, between Norfolk, Va., and Beaufort Inlet, N. C.- Report dated October 15, 1927, was transmitted to Congress Febru- ary 7, 1928. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. 4. Preliminary examination of channel from the inland waterway through Currituck Sound to Currituck Court House, N. C.-Report dated October 8, 1927, was transmitted to Congress February 7, 1928. The-improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1925, and January 21, 1927, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Pungoteague Creek, Va. 2. Nandua Creek, Va. 3. Occohannock Creek, Va. 4. Norfolk Harbor, Va., with a view to enlarging the channel in the Eastern Branch of the Elizabeth River, Va. 5. James River, Va. 6. Entrance to Willoughby Channel, Va. 7. Northwest River, Va. 8. Channel from the mouth of Link Horn River or Bay through The Narrows, Broad Bay, Long Creek, Lynn Haven River, and Lynn Haven Inlet, Va. 9. Channel from Albemarle Sound to Point Harbor, N. C. 10. Gardiners Creek and Devils Gut, N. C. 11. Deep Creek, Washington County, N. C. By resolution of the Committee on Commerce of the Senate, dated February 11, 1926, a review of reports on the Intracoastal Water- way from Norfolk, Va., to Beaufort Inlet, N. C., printed in House Document No. 391, Sixty-second Congress, second session, and the reports submitted to the chairman of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors of the House by the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, with his letter dated July 21, 1922, is requested, and report thereon will be submitted as soon as practicable. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS .IN THE WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT This district includes river and harbor improvements in central and eastern North Carolina from Pamlico River to Shallotte River, N. C., near the State line, embracing the watersheds of all rivers in 562 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 North Carolina within the limits stated and also that portion of the intracoastal waterway between Norfolk, Va., and Beaufort Inlet, N. C., south of Neuse River, N. C. District engineer: Maj. W. A. Snow, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. John C. Oakes, Corps of Engineers, to July 27, 1927, and Col. G. P. Howell, United States Army, retired, since that date. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Waterway connecting Swan 14. Inland waterway, Beaufort Quarter Bay with Deep to Cape Fear River, N. C., Bay, N. C---------------- 562 including waterway to 2. Pamlico and Tar Rivers, Jacksonville, N. C_------. 588 N. C ------ 564 15. Harbor at .Morehead City, 3. Fishing Creek, N. C_-..... 567 N. C __ 592 4. South River, N. C_ 568 16. Beaufort Inlet, N. C ....... 595 5. Bay River, N. C------ 569 17. Harbor of Refuge at Cape 6. Neuse River, N. C_ 570 Lookout, N. C 597 7. Smiths Creek, N. C-------- 573 18. Cape Fear River, N. C., at 8. Swift Creek, N. C__ 573 and below Wilmington___ 599 9. Contentnea Creek, N. C ... 576 19. Cape Fear River, N. C., 10. Trent River, N. C___ 578 above Wilmington ....... 604 11. Channel connecting Thor- 20. Northeast (Cape Fear) River, oughfare Bay with Cedar N. C --------- 608 Bay, N. C ----- - - 581 21. Black River, N. C. _ 611 12. Harbor at Beaufort, N. 13. Waterway connecting Core -- 583 22. Operating and care of Locks and Dams Nos. 1 and 2, Sound and Beaufort Har- Cape Fear River, N. C___ 613 bor, N. C------------ 586 23. Shallotte River, N. C...... 614 1. WATERWAYS CONNECTING SWAN QUARTER BAY WITH DEEP BAY, N. C. Location and description.-This waterway is a cut 5,500 feet long through the narrow neck of marshland just west of Swan Quarter Bay, on the north side of Pamlico Sound, near the mouth of Pamlico River. Washington, N. C., is 45 miles westerly on Pamlico River and Belhaven, N. C., is 25 miles northwesterly on Pungo River. There is no lunar tide in this locality. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1231.) Original condition.-A small cut, having a minimum width of 25 feet and a minimum depth of 2 feet at mean low water and about 0.6 of a mile long, existed. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for securing by dredging a chan- nel 5,590 feet long, 50 feet wide at the bottom, and 6 feet deep at mean low water. Variations in the water surface due to winds seldom exceed 1 or 2 feet above or below mean stage. From observa- tions covering a period of four years the extreme range of wind tides is 8 3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made 1907, was $14,575. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of ii maintenance is $600. This project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 445, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest printed map see page 1734 of the Annual Report for 1912. Recommended modifications of project.-None. RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 563 Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are no wharves along this waterway and none are needed. Effect of impravement.-The effect of the improvement has been to provide a safer and shorter route between Swan Quarter and Pam- lico River points and has lessened water freight rates. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No work was done during the year. Commercial statistics were collected at a cost of $2.72, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were minus $86.28. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1911 at a saving of $6,024 under the estimated cost. At the close of the fiscal year there was a channel throughout the water- way 6 feet deep at mean low water and 50 feet wide at the bottom. The total cost of the work under the existing project to June 30, 1928, was $8,550.98 for new work and $10,433.40 for maintenance, a total of $18,984.38. The total expenditures under the existing project to June 30, 1928, were $18,984.38. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($1.091.38), will be used in making surveys, collecting commercial statistics and office expenses. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, as it is not thought that dredging will be required. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the year amounted to 6,181 tons, valued at $592,026, all of which passed over the improved sections in gas and sail boats, drawing from 3 to 5 feet, except west- bound lumber, which was carried on flats. towed by gas boats. The principal items were grain, lumber, and gasoline. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improve- ment. One boat line was established, none abandoned during the year. The decrease was principally due to the fact that coal for the pumping plant at New Holland, formerly handled by water, is now brought in by rail. Comparative statement General commerce General commerce Year Passengers Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1923 ....... 23,212 $582,074 400 ... --- 1926_- - 11, 535 $708,668 200 1924_.....-. 4, 385 332,144 300 1927....------------ 6,181 592,026 100 1925___. .. -4, 400 424, 257 200 Cost and. financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928------------------------------ $8, 550. 98 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------ 10, 433.40 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------- 18, 984. 38 Net total expenditures ------------------------------------ 18, 984. 38 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928---------------------------- 1, 091.38 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------- 20,075. 76 564 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U., S. ARMY, 1928 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 * 1928 Cost of new work ...........-- ---. ------............................ Cost of maintenance----------------..........................................----------- -------------........................----. $2. 72 Total expended"---------------------- ---------------------- $1,405.90 -86. 28 Allotted------------ ------------------------------------- 2, 500.00 -89.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927----------------- -- --- _$1, 094. 10 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment-.----------------- -- 89. 00 Net amount to be accounted for----------------------- 1, 005. 10 Gross amount expended--------------------------- $2.72 Less receipts from sales------- -------------------- 89. 00 -86.28 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 ----------------------- 1, 091.38 2. PAMLICO AND TAR RIVERS, N. C. Locationand description. The two names are applied to the same river, it being known as the Pamlico below Washington, N. C., and as the Tar above that point. This stream rises in Person County, flows in a general southeasterly direction for 217 miles, and empties in Pamlico Sound. The stream has a drainage area of about 3,608 square miles. The Pamlico River is 38 miles long. There are no lunar tides. At Tarboro, 49 miles above Washington, the minimum recorded flow is 170 second-feet, the average about 2,000 second-feet, and the maximum 14,600 second-feet. The current is sluggish in the portion affected by winds, becoming more rapid above Greenville, 22 miles above Washington, as the fall between this point and Tarboro is 0.43 foot per mile. The stream is about 41/2 miles wide at the mouth, 1 mile at Washington, 300 feet at Greenville, and 220 feet at Tarboro. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart 537.) Original condition.-The river was obstructed by war blockades, sunken logs, snags, stumps, and sand shoals, so that the governing low-water depths were 5 feet to Washington and perhaps 1 foot to Tarboro, to which place navigation by steamers was practicable dur- ing freshet stages only. About 3 feet could be carried to Tarboro during about eight high-water months per year, January to August, inclusive. The lengths of portion navigable for steamboats was 86 miles and for rafting 94 miles. Previous project.-The first improvement of this stream was undertaken under authority of river and harbor act of July 4, 1836 and modified by the act of August 30, 1852. For further details of previous projects see page 1803 of the Annual Report for 1915. The cost and expenditures on this project were $15,000. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide up to Washington; 6 feet deep and 75 feet wide to Greenville; 20 inches deep and 60 feet wide to Tarboro; thence to clear the natural channel above Tarboro to Little Falls. The length of section under improvement is 87 miles, extend- ing from a point 4 miles below Washington to Little Falls. The stream is nontidal; variations in the water surface at Washington, RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, 1 . C., DISTRICT 565 due to prevailing winds, seldom exceeds 2 feet. The extreme range of the flood or freshet stage for the upper section is 20 feet at Tar- boro. For the lower section, observations covering a period of four years show an extreme range due to winds of 8.3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1914, was $228,550, exclusive of amount expended under previous project. The latest (1917) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 14, 1876, authorized a channel of 9 feet from the mouth to Washington; the river and harbor act of May 3, 1879, provided for the section of the river between Washing- ton and Tarboro (H. Doc. No. 68, 45th Cong., 3d sess.); the section of the river between Tarboro and Little Falls (Rocky Mount) was added to the project in 1890 as a result of a preliminary examination authorized by the river and harbor act approved August 11, 1888 (Annual Report for 1889, p. 1130); the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, authorized changing the depth between Washington and Greenville (H. Doc. No. 342, 59th Cong., 2d sess.); the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, covered the latest modification of the portion between Washington and Greenville and authorized increase in depth from the mouth to Washington from 9 to 10 feet (H. Doc. No. 270, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modification of project.-The abandonment of this improvement above Tarboro, N. C., is recommended in House Docu- ment No. 467, Sixty-ninth Congress, first session. Local cooperation.--None. Terminal facilities.-The wharves on the portion of this river un- der improvement number 70, of which 50 are along the water front at Washington, 1 on Castle Island in front of town, 2 across the river from town, 8 between Washington and the mouth, and 11 be- tween Washington and the mouth of Fishing Creek. They are generally of timber construction with pile foundation. They have a frontage varying from-8 to 410 feet, the total frontage being 4,635 feet. Of those at Washington, 44 are private, with a frontage of 3,949 feet; 3 are owned by the railroads, with a frontage of 260 feet; 2 are owned by the city, with a frontage of 282 feet; and 1 is owned by the United States, with a frontage of 188 feet. The city wharves are open to use by all water carriers free; the railroad wharves are open to all on equal terms; vessels are usually permitted to tie up at the private wharves when not in use by the owners. The city acquired 150 feet of frontage with a view of building a public ter- minal, but this site is now leased to private parties. The existing facilities are not considered adequate at Washington, Greenville, or Tarboro. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to lower rail and water freight rates and to allow vessels of deeper draft to reach Washington, N. C. Above Washington it has pro- vided a more economical and convenient way for the handling of farm products, fertilizer, etc. 566 REPORT ; OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 2 8 Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work for the year consisted of dredging and snagging with Government plant and hired labor. The dredge Major J. C. Mallery removed 41,819 cubic yards of material from cuts 2,550 feet long and 220 feet wide, restoring the project dimensions for 1 mile below the Norfolk-Southern Railroad bridge at Washington. The derrick boat Contentnea removed 5,800 cubic yards of material from the dredge dump on the south side of the channel, between the highway bridge and the Atlantic-Coast Line Railroad bridge at Washington. This derrick boat also removed from Tar River, between points 9 and 48 miles above Washington, 37 snags, 39 trees, 63 logs, 2 saw logs, 9 stumps, and 12 cords of small snags from the chahnel, and 7 trees from the banks. The total cost of the work was $14,756.16, all for maintenance. The total expendi- tures were $11,130.16. Condition at end of flscal year.-The project was completed in 1915. At the close of the fiscal year a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water and about 150 feet wide existed from the mouth to Wash- ington; thence 4 feet deep and about 50 feet wide to a point 2 miles below Greenville. From this point to the mouth of Fishing Creek only 1 foot is available at low water. The cost of the existing project to June 30, 1928, was $286,680.73 for new work and $155,139.01 for maintenance, a total of $441,819.74. The total expenditures to June 30, 1928, were $441,819.74. Proposed operaitions.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($26,- 767.73), will be used for maintenance as follows: Operation of the pipe-line dredge Mallerly, Aug. 1 to Sept. 20, 1928, 1% months, at $15,000--------------------------------- $25, 000. 00 Operation of the derrick boat Contentnea, October and November, 1928, 2 months, at $700 ------------------- --- 1, 400. 00 Superintendence and contingencies ___________________ __ 367.73 Total--------- -- -------------- ---- 26, 767. 73 It is expected that these funds will be exhausted June 30, 1929. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year endiig June 30, 1930 ($18,000), will be used for maintenance, as follows : Operation of pipe-line dredge Mallery, 1 month------------- $15,000 Operation of the derrick boat Contentnea, 2 months, at $700---------1, 400 Superintendence and contingencies __-_______-__-_ - 1, 600 Total------------------------------------------18, 000 Commercial Statistics.-The commerce for the year amounted to 234,876 tons, valued at $8,624,650, of which 203,478 tons, valued at $6,912.638, passed over the improved sections. The principal items were timber, lumber, fertilizer material, and box shooks. General merchandise, fertilizer, farm, and water products were carried in gas and sail boats drawing from 3 to 5 feet. Fertilizer material and lumber were carried in barges drawing from 7 to 9 feet. Timber was rafted and towed. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. Three boat lines were established and one abandoned during the year. The decrease in tonnage was principally in the items of gravel arnd sand, which were used during the previous year in highway construction. RIVERS AND HARBORS ---WILMINGTON N. C., DISTRICT 5l7 Comparative statement commerce GeneralYeartowed Timber, rafted and toed Passen- ~Year _ gers Tons Value Tons Value 1923 ............................................ 148, 932 $5, 177, 072 50, 528 $202, 112 6,000 1924-....-....________________... ._............. . 117,213 6,041,927 46,380 185, 520 4,000 1925.. ............-------------------------------. 136,023 7, 814, 563 84, 705 338, 820 3, 000 1926---------------------------------------228, 668 8,404,094 65, 420 251, 680 3,000 1927 .... .. __ .._ .......--............... 145, 686 8, 267, 890 89, 190 356, 760 2, 400 Cost and financia summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928---------------------------- $301, 680. 73 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928- ----------------------- 155, 139. 01 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928----------- 456, 819. 74 Net total expenditures------ ------ -------------- 456, 819.74 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928------------------------------ 26, 767. 73 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-------------- 483, 587. 47 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work_-.................. .......-................................. Cost of maintenance----------------------............------------................---....--------...........---$14,756. 16 Total expended_.-----.......-.------- $16,486.81 $7,621.15 $19,878.73 $11,695.23 11, 130. 16 Allotted_---------.--------.... ---. __ 18,250.00 10,200.00 16,500.00 21, 974.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 -------------------- $15, 923.89 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928 ------------------------------------------ 25, 600. 00 Amount to be accounted for----------------------------- 41, 523.89 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment--------- ------ 3, 626. 00 Net amount to be accounted for-------- 37, 897. 89 Gross amount expended----------------------------- $14,756. 16 Less receipts from sales--------------------------- 3, 626. 00 11, 130. 16 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928----------------------26, 767. 73 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance 1 - - - --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 18, 000. 00 3. FISHING CREEK, N. C. This project was completed in 1901. No work has been done for several years, and no work is proposed for the next fiscal year. No expenditures were made during the year, and no funds are available for expenditures. The abandonment of this project has been recom- mended to Congress. (See H. Doc. No. 1277, 64th Cong., 1st sess., and H. Doc. No. 467, 69th Cong., 1st sess.) For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1922, page 647. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 568 REPORT OF CHIEF OF .ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 2 8 Cost and financi summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928_ ---- ----------- -$22, 715. 10 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928_ __- -__--- ___-__--- 8, 632. 85 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928- ----.----- - 31, 347. 95 Net total expenditures----------------------31, 347. 95 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928----- 31, 347. 95 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work...................... .. ,.............. ............. ............ Cost of maintenance.................................... Total expended ------------------------------------------------------- Allotted..-........... ............ ....................................................... 4. SOUTH RIVER, N. C. The project was completed in 1913. The expenditures during the fiscal year were minus $429; no balance available, and no work is now proposed for the reason that maintenance dredging on this stream will probably not be necessary for several years. For a full descrip- tion of this project see Annual Report for 1923, page 528. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the year amounted to 6,648 tons, valued at $206,584, all of which passed over the improved sections. The principal items were timber, gasoline, and fertilizer. Timber was rafted and towed by gas and steam boats drawing from 4 to 7 feet. All other commerce was carried by gas boats drawing from 3 to 7 feet. There was no change in the character of the com- merce as a result of the improvement. No boat lines were established or abandoned during the year. The decrease was due to handling general merchandise over' recently completed improved roads. Comparative statement General commerce Floated timber, etc. Year Passen- gers Tons Value Tons Value 1923 -------------------------------------........................................... 6,397 $316,359 6,525 $26,100 400 5, 694 1924...........................................------------------------------------- 418,203 3,300 13,200 300 1925..........................................-------------------------------------... 6.757 431,965 4,683 18,732 300 5, 732 1926-------------------------------------............................................. 466,576 950 3,800 400 3,543 194,164 3,105 12,420 1927....-------------------------------------........................................ 100 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928------------------------- $12, 452.02 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928__------------------------- 3, 118. 98 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 _______ __ 15, 571.00 Net total expenditures-___ ------------------ 15, 571, 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 ------------------- 15, 571.00 RIVERS ANIt IARBORS.--WILMIINGTON,1 N. C O.; SITRIOT 560 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work------------------------..........................-----.........------..........-----------------...........----------- Cost of maintenance------..............--..------....... .....----------------- --- -------------------------- Total expended----------------................--.....----------------------.------------..---------- -$429.00 Allotted............................----------------------------......------------ -------------------------- 429. 00 Receipts from sales ----------------------------------------.. $429.00 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment--.---- ---- __ 429. 00 5. BAY RIVER, N. C. The project was completed in 1914. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year, no balance is available, and no work is now proposed for the reason that maintenance dredging on this stream will probably not be necessary for several years. For a full descrip- tion of this project see Annual Report for 1923, page 530. Commercial statistics,-The commerce for the year amounted to 30,502 tons valued at $281,412, of which 27,802 tons, valued at $266,- 412, passed over the improved sections. The principal items were timber, lumber, and oysters. Lumber was carried by barges and schooners drawing from 7 to 9 feet; timber was rafted and towed; the remainder of the commerce was carried by sail and gas boats drawing from 3 to 7 feet. There no change in the character .was of the commerce as a result of the improvement. No boat lines were established or abandoned during the year. The decrease principally in timber was due to the use of automobile trucks on the improved roads in the vicinity of this waterway. Comparative statement General commerce Timber, rafted and towed Calendar year Passen- gers Tons Value Tons Value 1923------------.................----.....------------------------- 11, 239 $412, 880 5,100 $20,400 300 1924--------................ ..----------------------------- 11, 243 168, 350 13, 500 54, 000 200 1925-------.............------------------------------16, 359 142, 820 11,100 44, 400 200 1926--------.............------- .........---------------------- 13, 701 282, 250 21, 318 85, 272 300 1927-------...................................------------------------------. 15, 952 223, 212 14, 550 58, 200 100 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928__---------- ___----$22, 729. 76 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928___________--- ______ 4, 170. 24 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------- 26, 900.00 Net total expenditures_ ----------------------- 26, 900. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------ __-, 26, 900. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 " 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work....- ---------- ---------- ------ ------------ ---------- Cost of maintenance.... Total expended.__ A llotted .._ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . 570 ARERORT OF, QHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S.: ARMY, 1928 6. NEUSE RIVER, N. C. Location and description.-Neuse River' rises in the northerly part of North Carolina and flows in a southeasterly direction until it reaches Kinston; thence northeast to mouth of Contentnea Creek; thence southeast to a point 20 miles below New Bern; thence north- east until it flows into Pamlico Sound. Its total length is about 350 miles. This stream has a drainage area of about 5,608 square miles. At Smithfield, about 150 miles above the mouth, the minimum flow is 75 second-feet, the average about 1,000 second-feet, and the maximum 7,850 second-feet. The current is rather sluggish in the portion affected by winds, becoming more rapid above Maple Cypress, as the fall between this point and Goldsboro is 0.61 foot per mile. The width between banks at the mouth is about 5 miles, at New Bern 11/s miles, at Kinston 200 feet, and at Goldsboro 150 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 538.) Original condition.-There is considerable uncertainty as to the conditions existing prior to 1878, when improvement was begun. Before the Civil War, and probably for some time afterwards, light- draft steamers made more or less regular trips as high up as Smith- field, the head of navigation, 150 miles above the mouth, but the low-water depth probably did not exceed 2 feet, and the stream was obstructed by snags and after the Civil War by war blockades. Length of navigable portion, 150 miles. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 300 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean low water up to and in front of New Bern; 4 feet deep at dead low water to Kinston, and during nine months of the year 3 feet deep at dead low water to Smithfield, to be obtained by dredging and snagging. Length of the section included in the project about 150 miles. The stream is nontidal; variations in the water surface at and below New Bern, due to prevailing winds, sel- dom exceed 2 feet above or below mean stage. The extreme range of flood, or freshet, stage for the upper section of the river is 17 feet at Selma. Tide-gauge readings at New Bern covering four years show the extreme range of wind tides to be 8.3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1927, is $417,200. The latest (1928) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $12,500. The project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 18, 1878, as extended in 1879, provided for the por- tion of the river above New Bern (Annual Report for 1872, pp. 734- 741, and Annual Report for 1879, pp. 708-710); the act of June 13, 1902, provided for a depth of 8 feet at dead low water at and below New Bern (H. Doc. No. 317, 54th Cong. 2d sess.), and the act of January 21, 1927, provided for a depth of 12 feet (H. Doc. No. 299, 67th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1889, page 1058. 'Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of January 21, 1927, adopting the 12-foot project, provides that no work shall be done thereon until rail connection satisfactory to the Chief of Engineers has been completed to the wharves. Terminal facilities.-There are 49 wharves on this stream, of which 9 are below New Bern, 28 at or near New Bern, 8 at Bridgeton, RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 571 and 4 above New Bern. They are all of timber construction with pile foundation. They have a frontage varying from 3 feet to 828 feet, the total frontage being about 4,100 feet. Of those at New Bern, 22 are private, with a frontage of 2,330 feet; 4 are owned by railroads, with a frontage of 207 feet; 1 is owned by the city, with a frontage of 60 feet; and 1 is owned by the United States, with a frontage of 210 feet. The city wharf is open to use by all, but is inadequate for commerce and is used only by small boats. Railroad wharves are open to use by all on equal terms, and vessels are usually permitted to tie up at private wharves when not in use by owners. The existing facilities are not considered adequate at New Bern. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to reduce rail-and-water freight rates and to open up a more eco- nomical and convenient way to ship farm products, fertilizers, etc. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done during the year. Miscellaneous surveys were made and commercial statistics collected. The cost of the work was minus $337.50, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $2,361.90. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is completed to the practical limit with the exception of the modification approved by the river and harbor act of January 21, 1927, on which no work has been done. The percentage of completion is uncertain, as it is im- practicable to obtain and maintain the project depths above New Bern by dredging and snagging. Channel 11 feet deep at mean low water and about 200 feet wide existed from the mouth to and in front of New Bern. There is a low-water depth of 4 feet to a point 231/2 miles above New Bern; thence 21/2 feet to the mouth of Con- tentnea Creek, 311/2 miles above New Bern; and 1 foot to Seven Springs, 75 miles above New Bern. The channel above New Bern is about 50 feet wide. The river above Maple Cypress is navigable only on freshet stages of 3 to 4 feet, which prevail for six to eight months during the winter season, from October to May. The cost of the work under the existing project to June 30, 1928, was $369,- 399.45 for new work and $168,712.73 for maintenance, a total of $538,112.18. The total expenditures under the existing project to June 30, 1928, were $538,112.18. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($51,693.82), will be used for completing the project at and below New Bern and maintenance by snagging above New Bern as follows: Completing the 12-foot project by dredging at and below New Bern under contract or by Government plant and hired labor---------- $43, 000. 00 Operation of the derrick boat Contentnea, February and March, 1929, 2 months, at $700----------------------------------------1, 400.00 Superintendence and contingencies--------------------------------7, 293. 82 Total --------------------------------------------------- 51, 693. 82 It is expected that these funds will be exhausted June 30, 1929. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($12,500), will be used for maintenance, as follows: 572 RFPORT OF CHIEF OF" :ENGINEERS, U. 8 ARMY, 19 2 8 Operation of the pipe-line dredge Mallery, two-thirds month, at $15,000 ----------------------------------------------- $10, 000 Operation of the derrick boat Contentnea, 2 months, at $700---------- 1,400 Superintendence and contingencies ------------------------------ 1,100 Total ---------------------------------------------- 12, 500 Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the year amounted to 238,022 tons, valued at $11,080,764, of which 201,209 tons, valued at $8,616,669, passed over the improved sections. The principal items of commerce were lumber, timber, fertilizer material, and fer- tilizer. Three boat lines were discontinued, none established during the year. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. The decrease in tonnage was due to a decrease in sand shipments; the increase in value was due to an increase in sugar receipts. Comparative statement General commerce Floated timber, etc. Year Passen- gers Tons Value Tons Value 1923.. . . .------------------------------------. 197,199 $7,588,619 62, 591 $250, 364 5, 000 1924 ............................................ 214, 309 8, 404, 927 60, 868 243, 472 4,000 1925------------------------------------............................................. 194, 634 9, 343, 244 63, 369 253, 476 2, 000 1926............................................. 200,384 10, 512, 754 47, 283 189, 148 600 1927------------------------------------ 189,719 10,887,552 48,303 193,212 300 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928----- -------------------- $369, 399.45. Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 ---------------------- 168, 712. 73 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928-----------_ 538, 112. 18 Net total expenditures--------- ------------------------ 538, 112. 18 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 _---------- ----------- 51, 693. 82 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------------- 589, 806. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work........ --- ..... Cost of maintenance--.....----.---- ---- ------------- ---------- -------------- ---------- $337. 50 Total expended_-----_. .----.---------- I $14, 618. 56 $10, 544. 23 $10, 187. 15 $30, 736.75 -2, 361. 90 Allotted---------------..........................--------........ 9, 000. 00 18, 250. 00 10, 200. 00 6, 500. 00 49, 106. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927---------------------------- $225. 92 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928--- ------------------------------------- 51, 800. 00 Amount to be accounted for--_---------------------- 52, 025. 92 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment --------------- 2, 694. 00 Net amount to be accounted for ------------------------ 49, 331.92 Gross amount expended--------------------- ------ $332. 10 Less receipts from sales_--------------------------- 2, 694.00 -- 2,361. 90 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 ------------------------ 51, 693.82 RIVERS AND HARBOB8---WILMINGTON, N. 0., DISTRICT 57& Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - - - -- -- - - 30, 1930, for maintenance $12, 500. 00 7. SMITHS CREEK, N. C. The project is 92 per cent completed, but has been recommended to Congress for abandonment (see H. Docs. Nos. 59, 64th Cong., 1st sess., and 1848, 65th Cong., 3d sess.) and no work is proposed for the next fiscal year. No work has been done for several years and no expenditures made. No funds are available for expenditure. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1922, page 655. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1927 amounted to 7,655 tons, valued at $431,151, all of which passed over the improved sections. All of the commerce was carried in gas and sail boats, drawing from 3 to 5 feet, except timber, which was rafted and towed, and sand, which was carried in flats drawing about 4 feet. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. No boat lines were established or aban- doned during the year. The decrease in tonnage was due to the falling off in shipments of lumber, timber, and sand; the increase in value was due to increased shipment of fish and oysters. Comparative statement General commerce Floated timber, etc. Passen- Year gers Tons Value Tons Value 1923.----------... .. .-------------------------- 27, 143 $430, 262 5, 250 $21, 000 500 1924---------................................------------------.............. 19, 911 370, 244 7, 446 29, 784 500 1925... . . ..------------------------------------- 12, 357 591, 254 3, 417 13, 668 400 1926---------....................---------------------------- 9, 465 360, 790 3, 080 12,320 200 1927--..........---------------------------------- 6, 710 427, 371 945 3, 780 200 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928---- ---------------------- $14, 471.80 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------- -------------------- 254. 24 Total cost of permanent'work to June 30, 1928--------------14, 726. 04 Net total expenditures------------------------------------ 14, 726.04 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------------------ 14, 726. 04 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work-.. "-- -- -- Cost of m aintenance-.. ."-.-- -- - - -- - -- - --..-- --- - ..- - - -. . - Total expended............................ Total-expende-------- ------------ j------------------------ -------- ---------- ----- Allotted................................... ...... . ............................. 8. SWIFT CREEK, N. C. Location and description.-Swift Creek has its source in the swamps of Pitt County, about 5 miles south of Greenville, N. C. It 1 Exclusive of available funds. 574 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 192 8 flows southeasterly 43 miles and empties into Neuse River 71/2 miles above New Bern, N. C. This stream has a drainage area of about 316 square miles. The current is sluggish. The fall is very small. The average width between banks is about 150 feet. The discharge depends on prevailing winds and is impossible to measure. The rise of water level due to floods sometimes causes considerable cur- rents. The maximum flood height in Vanceboro is about 12 feet. (See U: S. Geological survey sheets New Bern, Vanceboro, Ayden, and Winterville.) Original condition.-The creek was in good condition for 6 miles above its mouth, having an average width of 100 feet and least low- water depth of 10 feet. In the next 6 miles to Vanceboro the least low-water depth was 5 feet and width from 50 to 150 feet, averaging about 80 feet. This section was crooked, with three bad bends, and was badly obstructed by logs, snags, etc., and overhanging trees. Vanceboro was the head of navigation for steamers; rafting could be carried about 3 miles farther. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for clearing the channel from the mouth to Vanceboro, 12 miles, of snags and overhanging and leaning trees. The rise of water level, due to prevailing winds and floods, reaches its maximum height at Vanceboro of about 12 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, made in 1909, was $1,600. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $350. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 360, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). No map of this creek has ever been published. Recrnmended modification of project.-Nofie. Locall cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are eight wharves on this stream, of which five are at Vanceboro. They are of timber construction, four with pile foundations and four of log bulkheads. They have a frontage varying from 6 to 86 feet, the total frontage being about 240 feet. All the wharves are private and are open to all water carriers free of charge when not in use by owners. The existing facilities are considered adequate for the present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H.' Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to open up a convenient and economical way of handling farm products, etc., by the establishment of boat lines, which as a rule carry freight at a less rate than the railroads. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work for the year consisted of snagging with Government plant and hired labor. The derrick boat Contentnea worked from the mouth to Vanceboro, 12 miles above, removing from the channel 4 large snags and 3 trees; from the banks 3 trees, 6 cords of brush, and trimmed 5 trees. The result of the work is a clear channel to Vanceboro. The total cost of the work was $728.63, all for maintenance. The total expendi- tures were $552.23. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1910. A channel 5 feet deep at mean low water, with a minimum RIVERSIANI. ARBORS-WII MINGTOTN . ' 0.1 DIfSTRICT 575 width of 50 feet, is available, to Vanceboro, the:head of navigation. The cost of the work under the existing project to June 30, 1928, was $1,600 for new work and $4,498.35 for maintenance, a total of $6,098.35. The total- expenditures under the. existing project to June 30, 1928, were $6,099.95. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($222.05), will be used in making surveys, collecting commercial statistics, and office work. It is expected that these funds will be exhausted June 30, 1929. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, as it is not thought that snagging operations will be necessary. Commercild statistio.-.-The commerce for the year amounted to 8.600 tons, valued :at $50,400, all of which passed over the improved sections. The only items of commerce were fertilizer and timber. The fertilizer was carried in gas boats drawing from 3 to 5 feet; the timber was rafted and towed. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. No regular boat lines use this w~tterway. The decrease was due to a more general use of automobile trucks in the 'vicinity of this water- way. Conmparative statement General commerce Floated timber Year Tons Value Tons Value 1923 -----------------------------------------2, 350. $70, 500 10,290 $41,160 1924 --------------------------------- -------- 1,036 40,915 12,066 48,264 1925--------------------- --------- 1; 350 38, 250 13, 737 54, 948 1926- -------------- ------------------ 1,320 39, 600 15,960 63, 840 1927 __----------- ----.- -----........ - - ---------- ----- 800 19, 200 7,800 31, 200 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928---------- ---------- ----- $1, 600. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 -------------------------- 4, 498.35 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928-------------- 6, 098. 35 Add accounts receivable June 30, 1928------------------------- 1.60 Net total expenditures----------------------- -- 6, 099. 95 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928-__------------- 222. 05 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928--__-------- 6, 322. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work ............................... Cost of maintenance.... ------ - - ---...... ---..... .....------------.......-------- --- ....... ----..... $728.63 Total expended--,_--- - - ------------. - $201.03 $334.86 $312.86 --........... 552. 23 Allotted1 ---------------------------------- -------------- 800.00---------178.00 1 14710-NG 1928----37: 6 EPOtIf OF n O OIEP11P fIQ NEERS T. '.:1 ARMY 1928 Balance nnexpended gJuWtl 1, 1921-w.... ..... ..1 ..- .. $952. 28 I educti onon account,Of ,reocatio of allotment ..--- 1 78.00 Net amounit to be a ounted for ____ ------------------ 774.'28 Gross ainount expendbd2 __ .------ $730.23 Less receipts from sales----- ___-_- ---------- 00 1___----- 178. 552.23 . aliace unexpended June 30, 1928 ------------------------ 222. 05 9. CONTENTNEA CREEK, N. C. Location and description.-Contentnea Creek rises in Wilson County, N. C., flows in a general southeasterly direction, and empties into Neuse River about 32 miles above New Bern, N. C. Its length is about 144 miles. This stream has a drninage area of about 1,184 square miles. The current is rapid, the fall being about two4thirds of 'a foot per mile. The discharge isunknown. Average width be- theen banks is 100 feet. (See U. S. Geological Survey sheets Ayden, Falkland, Kinston, and Wilson.) Original condition.---This stream had a depth of about 3 feet during nine months of the year from its mouth to Stantonsburg, the head of navigation, 63 miles above the mouth, but was obstructed throughout its entire length by fallen timber, sand shoals, and over- hanging growth, and was navigable for shallow-draft craft only during the higher freshet stages of about three to six months of the year. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for clearing the stream of ob- structions so as to obtain from its mouth to Stantonsburg a depth ofd not less than 3 feet during the higher stages about nine months of the year, The section under improvement is from the mouth to Stantonsburg, 63 miles. The stream is subject to freshets, rising 11 feet above low water at Snow Hill and Stantonsburg, 32 and 63 miles above the mouth, respectively. Boating stages are generally avail- able from January to June and intermittenrtly during the remaindet of the year. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1887, was $77,500. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. This project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881 (H. Doc. No. 85, 46th Cong., 3d sess., and Annual Report for 1881, p. 1010). The latest published map is on page 1014 of the Annual Report for 1887. Recommended modifications of project. The abandonment of this improvement above Snow Hill, N. C., is recommended in House Document No. 467, Sixty-ninth Congress, first session. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is one wharf on this stream. Freight is handled from convient landing places where the bank is sufficiently high for the purpose. The existing facilities are considered adequate for the present commerce. (For full description of terminal facili- ties see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to open up a more convenient and economical way to dispose of farm products and to receive fertilizer. RIVRS A1NTD EFARBOBB WILlINGTOW N. C, DISTUIOT 7 Operations and reudts duaring fisc 'year.---The work for the year consisted of snagging with Government plant and hired labor. The derrick boat Contentnea worked from. the mouth tb Edwards Bridge, 14 miles above, removing from the channel 16 snags, 8 trees, 16 logs, 3 saw logs, 4 stumps, and 15 cords of small snags; and removed from the banks 47 trees and trimmed 12 trees. The total cost of the work was $1,013.55, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $871.55. Condition at end of ftsca year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1896 at a saving of $13,105 under the estimated cost. A somewhat obstructed channel, 3 to 4 feet, exists in freshet stages, which prevail from six to eight months during the winter season- from October to May-from the mouth to Fools Bridge, 42 miles above. Above that point the stream is in poor condition. The cost of the work under the existing project to June 30, 1928, was $64,394.56 for new work and $29,926 for maintenance, a total of $94,320.56. The total expenditures under the existing project to June 30, 1928, were $94,320.56. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($537.44), will be used for maintenance of the project, as follows: Operation of the derrick boat Contentnea, December, 1928, two-thirds months, at $700- .... - -------- $466. 67 Superintendence and contingencies-------------------------- 70. 77 Total --------------------------------------------- 537. 44 It is expected that these funds will be exhausted June 30, 1929. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($1,000), will be used for maintenance, as follows : Operation of the derrick boat Contentnea, 1 month, at $700-------------$700 Superintendence and contingencies_.. -- -------.---- ------ 300 Total ----------------- -------------.------ 1, 000 Commercial tatistic.-The commerce for the year amounted to 1,760 tons, valued at $29,040, all of which passed over the improved sections. The only items of commerce were fertilizer and timber. The fertilizer was carried in steamers drawing from 3 to 4 feet; the timber was rafted and towed,. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. No regular boat lines on this waterway.. The commerce is about the same as for the previous year. Comparative statement General commerce Floated timber, etc. Year Tons Value Tons Value 193- - 220 $6,600 90Q $3,600 1924-- -------------------- ---.------------.-------- 420 12,600- - - - ------ 1925--------------------- 1 18,00- , .... ------ 1926---------.-.--------.------ ,--,.------------95i .------------ 28r,500 6 - 0 23,640 1927--- ---------- - 7-- ---- i 1,100 26,400 660 2,640 578 RPORt OF C EIEF OP'Ei GIEERS U . ARMY, 1928 Cost and 8eummare cneiat Cost of new work to Jue 30, 1928--------- -------------- $64, 394. 56 Cost. of emainitenanice to June 30, 1928___ ------------- 29, 926. 00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------- 94, 320. 56 Net total :expenditures -- __- __ ------------------------- 94, 320. 56 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928----------------------------- 537. 44 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 --------------- 94, 858. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work_ ---_------ . . _,_ , _---- _- ..------- -_ ----- - ,_- . ..---------- ... .......---.------- $1, 013.55 -- Cost of maintenance.-------- .... .. Total expended-------_ ------------ - $159.88 $998. 91 $471. 40 $1, 178. 70 871. 55 Allotted .__ ..---------------- .. ---- ..-- 1000. 00 ------.... .1,200.00 1,500.00 -142.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 ----------------------------- $1, 550. 99 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment______________ ___- 142. 00 Net amount to be accounted for_- __ _-___---__ 1, 408.99 Gross amount expended------_ -- $1, 013. 55 Less receipts from sales------------------------------142. 00 871. 55 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928_-------- ------- -___- 537. 44 Amount that can be profitably expendea in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance 1-- ------------ ------ 1, 000.00 10. TRENT RIVER, N. C. Location and description.-The stream is formed by the junction of Beaver Dam and Tuckahoe Creeks, in Jones County, N. C. It flows for 80 miles (about 40 miles in an air line) in an easterly direc- tion through Jones and Craven Counties, and at New Bern empties into the Neuse River being its principal tributary. This stream has a drainage area of about 657 square miles. The current is sluggish. The discharge of the stream depends on prevailing winds and is im- possible to measure. The fall is very slight. The width between banks varies from 80 to 3,000 feet. Near the mouth the water level varies about 2 feet under normal conditions, according to prevailing winds. At Trenton the stream is subject to freshets of from 5 to 15 feet. (See U. S. Geological Survey sheets, New Bern and Trent River.) Original condition.-A fair 6-foot channel was available to Pol- loksville, 18 miles above the mouth, and the stream was fairly clear to Lower Quaker Bridge, 24 miles above the mouth. Above this point it was so badly obstructed that it was only navigable for small flat boats during the high freshets. Lower Quaker Bridge was the practicaI head of navigation, though logging and rafting could be .carried on as far as Trenton, 38 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The first improvement of this stream was un- dertaken under authority conferred by the river and harbor act 1 Exclusive of available funds. RTtRSA:T HABo-witaiNtGTOrI ' C, DISTRICT 579 approved March 3, 1879. It was modified in 1885, 1887, 1889, and 1896. The cost and expenditures on all the above projects were $70,905.40 for new work and $27,104.99 for maintenance, making a total of $98,010.39. For further details of previous projects see page 1803 of the Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a charinel 12 feet at mean low water and 300 feet wide in front of New 'Bern, a channel of '6 feet depth at dead low water over Foys Flats, and ,achannel 50 feet wide and 4 feet deep at low water to Trenton. The length of section included in the project is 38 miles. :Near the mouth 'the water level varies about 2 feet under normal conditions, according to prevailing winds. Observations, covering a period of four years, show that the extreme range of wind tides is 8.3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised i i 1927, is $41,600, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1927) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,100. At Trenton the stream is subject to freshets of from 5 to 15 feet. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 18, 1902, provided for a depth of 8 feet at dead low water at New Bern (H. Doc. No. 121, 56th Cong., 2d sess.); Joint Resolution No. 22, approved March 4, 1907, covered the section at Foys Flats; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the work in the upper section of the river (H. Doc. No. 1471, 60th Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of January 21, 1927, provided for increasing the depth at New Bern to 12 feet at mean low water. (H. Doc. 299, 67th Cong., 2d sess.) For latest printed map see page 1318 of the Annual Report for 1895. Recommended modifcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of January 21, 1927, adopting the 12-foot project, provides that no work shall be done thereon until rail connection satisfactory to the Chief of Engineers has been completed to the wharves. Terminal facilities.-There are 51 wharves on the portion of this stream under improvement, of which 31 are at or opposite New Bern, 5 are at or near Polloksville, and 3 are at Trenton. They are all of timber construction with pile foundation. They have a frontage varying from 21/2 feet to 739 feet, the total frontage being about 7,600 feet. All the wharves are private. The railroad wharf at New Bern is open to all on equal terms; the remaining wharves are generally open to all water carriers free of charge. The existing facilities are considered adequate except at New Bern. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.The improvement has provided facilities for boat lines which as a rule carry freight at a less rate than the rail- roads and affords a convenient and economical way for the handling of farm products, etc. It also affords transportation facilities to the town of Trenton, which has no other outlet except by wagon and automobile. Operations and results dnuring fl.scal year.--The work for the year consisted: of snagging with Government plant and hired labor. The derrick boat Contentnea worked between points 18 and 38 miles above New Bern, removing from the channel 17 snags, 10 trees, 11 logs, 41 saw logs, and 3 stumps; from the banks, 260 trees, 108 cords of $580 EIw oFoCiar r IO E c4 . AnARY, 192L brush, and. trimmed 77 trees, The cst of thel work was $1,595.35, all .or.maintenance. The itotal expenditnres were ,$972.35. Condition atend of flseal ,-The project is,95 per cent com- pleted. On June 3Q0, 1928 a channel 81/ feet deep at mean low water existed to Polloksville and a depth! 31/2 feet to Trenton. The cost of the work under the existing project to June 30, 1928, was $39,- 411 4 8 for new work and $25,079.45 for maintenance, a total of $64,- 490.93. The total expenditures under the existing project to June 30 , 1928, were $64,490,93. Proposed operations.--The balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($4,777.73), will be used for completing the project at New Bern and maintenance snagging above New Bern, as follows: Completing the 12-foot project at New Bern under contract or by Government plant ind hired labor-,----_--- .---------- $2, 000.00 Operatiog of the derrick boat Contentnea, April and May, 1929, 2 months, at $700__- ---------------------------- ----- 1, 400.00 Superiltendenet ind ontiigeneiesi ". 1, 377. 73 Total---- ..... - -----.....-..--------------------- 4, 777. 73 It is eipected that these funds will be exhausted June 30, 1929. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($1,500), will be used for maintenance, as follows: Operation of the derrick boat Contentnea, 2 months, at $700__--__-. $1, 400 ..... Superintendene and contingencies.L---------- _... .- 100 Total ------------------------ -------------- ... -1, 500 Commercial statistics.---The commerce for the year amounted to 19,379 tons, valued at $195,786, all of which passed over the im- proved sections.' The principal items were timber and fertilizer. Timber was rafted and towed; all other commerce was carried in steamers and gas boats, drawing from 3 to 4 feet. No boat lines were established or abandoned during the year. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. The increase was due to shipments of cotton, cottonseed, and cotton- seed meal and increased shipments of fertilizer. Comparative statement General commerce Floated timber, etc. Year Passen- gers Tons Value Tons Value 1923 ----------------------------- ----- --- 4, 456 $147, 170 34,112 $136,448 200 1924 ---------------- ---- ---------------...... . 2, 134 168, 842 38, 714 154, 856 --.. 1925--- . ---------------------------------- . . .. 1, 975 78, 065 21, 378 85, 512 -.. 1926---------------------------------------- 50 16,500 18,438 73,652--- 1927 - -------------------------------------- 2,048 126,462 17,331 69,324 Cost and finae ani summairy Cost of new work to June 30, 1928--------------....------ $110, 316. 88 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928--________--- -- __------52, 184.44 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928---,---------162, 501. 32 Net total expenditures,-- .----.--- -.------------- 162, 501. 32 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 _ ,. . 4, 777. 73 Total amount apprriated to June 30, 1928 -------- 167,279. 05 ' +:S.. ", , H ARB,- Bd [1 I.392'"" s 92GTON7X, OD82 Iiscali yeariendfng une 30 1*24 1925 1926 127 928 Cost of new work------------- 'Cost: of maintenance--------------- -- ----- $1, 595. 5 'Total expended........--------..------- $928. 62 $4, 289.43 ------............... $2, 159.92 $603.03: 972.35 Allotted-- --------.---------------- 4, 000.00 2,500.00 800.00 750.00 3,577.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 .--.--------.------------.- - $2, 173.08 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928-------------------------- -------------- ----- 4, 200. 00 Amount to be accounted for , 373. 08 6--------------------------- :Deduction on account of revocation of allotment------- 6------------ 623.00 Net amount to be accounted for----------------------- 5, 750 08 Gross amount expended---------------------- ------- $1, 595.35 Less receipts from sales----------------- 623. 00 972. 35 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 _ ___-_--- ----------- _ 4, 777. 73 -Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance -------- - 1, 500.00 11. CHANNEL CONNECTING THOROUGHFARE BAY WITH CEDAR BAY, N. C. Location and description.-Thoroughfare Bay is on the north side of Core Sound, about 6 miles west of the end of the peninsula at the junction of Core and Pamlico Sounds. It lies about 30 miles by the boat route through Core Sound easterly from Beaufort, N. C. A channel about 1/2. miles in length connects Thoroughfare Bay with Cedar Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1233.) Original condition -Four feet of water existed throughout the channel except at the eastern and western ends and a few shoals between. The width of the channel is about 200 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing roject.-This provides for a channel 5 feet deep and 50 feet wide on bottom to connect Thoroughfare Bay and Cedar Bay. The length of this channel is about 1 miles. There is no lunar tide in the channel or waterway, variations in the level of the water sur- face being due entirely to the action of the wind. Ordinary storms will cause a variation of 1 foot above or below the mean stage, while severe storms may cause a variation of as much as 3 feet. The esti- mate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, was $9,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919. (H. Doc. No. 1125, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are no wharves on the waterway, and, as it is only a part of a through waterway, none are deemed necessary. Effect of imaprovement.-As a result of this,;improvement, trans- portation by water to and from the eastern portion of Core Sound has been rendered easier and better. 1Exclusive of available funds. 582 REPO T OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY, 192 $ Qper tios and results during fiscal year.-No work was done dur- ing the sear and no expenditures were made. Condtion at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1921. A channel 50 feet wide and 5 feet deep at mean low water exists through the waterway. The cost of the work under the exist- ing project to June 30, 1928, was $9,000 for new work and $8,000 for maintenance, a total of $17,000. .The total expenditures under the existing project to June 30, 1928, were $17,000. Proposed operations.-No funds are on hand and no operations are proposed for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1929. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($5,000), will be applied to maintenance by the operation of the pipe-line dredge Mallery, one-third month at rate of $15,000. The large amount requested, compared to the average an- nual expenditure for the last five years, is necessary because of the postponement of maintenance dredging for several years. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1927 amounted to 3,683 tons, valued at $138,121, all of which passed over the improved sections in gas and sail boats, drawing 3 to 5 feet. The principal items were oysters, wood, and sweet potatoes. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the im- provement. No boat lines were established or abandoned during the year. The decrease was due to the closing down of two oyster can- neries in the vicinity of this, waterway. Comparative statement General commerce General commerce Year Passengers Year Passengers. Tons Value Tons Value 1923__--. -- 1924___----------- 4, 571 4, 621 $153, 550--.. .... ... 209, 688 ------------ 1926 -,_..... .. 1927....------------ 5, 562 3, 683 $256, 501 138, 121 -..........- 4, 849 1925...------------. 228,338 Cost and financial. summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928____------------- ---- __ - $9, 000.00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928-------------------------- 8, 000.00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------__-- 17, 000.00 Net total expenditures ----- _____-- ___-------17, 000.00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-------------------- 17, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work ..------------- . - - ----------- ------ I------------...........- Cost of maintenance-----.. . .. -----------... .------------ - Total expended------- ---------------------.------------ $5,000.00 -.................- Allotted....-- - $5,000.00 ------------------------------......................... - --- Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance ---------------- $5, 000. 0 RIVEs ANI ]IARBOI~&--WILMING ON,- . 04 DIBTRICT 083 12. HARBO AT BEEUFORT, N. 0, Location and de8scptio.- This harbor is located just inside Beaufort Inlet and extends to the Norfolk Southern Railroad bridge across Newport River. It is about 1/2 miles square and lies between Core and Bogue Sounds. Cape Lookout is about 8 miles east, and Norfolk, Va., is about 225 miles by ocean route to the north. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 420.) Original condition.-The erosion at Fort Macon and Shackleford Points caused serious deterioration of the inside channels and threat- ,ening deterioration of the bar channel. The governing low-water depth is said to have been 15 feet on the bar and 2 feet at Beau- fort, N. C. Previous projects.-The first improvement of the harbor was un- dertaken under authority of act of Congress of July 4, 1836. The cost and expenditures were $5,000, all for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1803 of Annual Report for 1915. Emisting project.-This provides for the stopping of erosion at the inlet by jetties and sand fences at Fort Macon and Shackleford Points and other shore protection; for a channel 100 feet wide and 7 feet deep at mean low water from deep water inside the inlet to Beaufort; and for a channel 60 feet wide and 10 feet deep at mean low water from Beaufort to the Pamlico Sound-Beaufort Inlet Waterway by way of Gallants Channel; the excavation of a turning basin in front of Beaufort; and the construction of a:stone bulkhead extending from Town Marsh across Bird Shoal to the westerly end of Carrot Island. The distance from the inlet to the upper end of Gallants Channel is about 5 miles. The average rise of tide is 21/2 feet at Beaufort and 31/2 feet at the inlet. As shown by observations made in 1907, the extreme range of tides is 4.8 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1924, exclusive of amount expended under previous projects, was $226,076. The latest (1928) approved ,estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $12,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1881, provided for the erection of jetties and the securing of a 9-foot channel (Annual Report for 1881, p. 1013), as amended in 1890 (Annual Report for 1890, p. 1134), to provide for a 7-foot channel to Beaufort; the act of March '2, 1907, authorized repairs to existing jetties at Fort Macon Point and additional jetties and shore protection; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the 10-foot channel to the inland waterway and the turning basin at Beaufort (H. Doc. No. 511, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 2, 1919, provided for an enlargement of the turn- ing basin (H. Doc. No. 1108, 63d Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of March 3, 1925, authorized the bulkhead across Bird Shoal (R. anu H. Com. Doc. No. 8, 68th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published maps are in the two last-mentioned documents. Recommended modification of' project.-Under date of February 28, 1927, the Chief of Engineers recommended that this project be modified so as to provide for a depth of 12 feet and width of 100 feet in Bulkhead Channel and Gallants Channel and the same depth with widths varying from 200 to 400 feet in front of the town of Beaufort at an estimated cost of $55,000 for new work with $11,000 584 Bot~r oREr 0or lNGIN EB, u .&. AMY or 198 8 annually for maintenance, subject ,to 'the provision that local in- terests shall furnish without cost to the United States satisfactory areas for spoil disposal. (H. Doc. No. 776, 69th" Cong., 2d ses.) Local coo erat Z ia6n.-None. Terrinam facilitids,-There: are 46 harves contiguous to this harbor, all of timber construction, with pile foundation. They have a frontage varying from 3 to 200 feet, the total frontage being' about 1,200 feet. One at 'Beaufort is a city wharf, consisting of a slip at the foot of a 'street' 48 feet wide; one at Pivers Island and one at Fort Macon are owned by the United States, The remaining wharves are privately owned: "The city wharf is open to use by all' without charge; the Government wharves are not generally open to public use; the private wharves are generally open to use by all water carriers when not in use by the owners. The existinigfacilities are considered adequate for the present liommerce, exceptj at Beaufort. (For a full description: of terminial facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong, d' se~s.) Effect of improverent.-The effect of the improvement has been to allow boats of deeper draft to reach the wharves at Beaufort, Which made possible a regular line of boats between Norfolk, Va., and Beaufort, N. C., and caused a reduction of rail and water freight rates. Operations and resUlts during fiscal year.-No work was done during the year. Expenditures were for collecting commercial statistics, minor surveys, and office expenses. The cost of the work was $613.55, all for maihtenance. The total expenditures were $114,801.48. Of the total expenditures $114,187.93 was expended for purchase and repairs to floating plant. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1927 at a saving of $13,284 under the estimated cost. The limiting depth in Bulkhead Channel is 61/2 feet; in Gallants Channel, 10 feet; and in the channel in front of Beaufort, 10 feet-all at mean low water. The cost of the work under the existing project to June 30, 1928,'was $207,791.56 for new work and $138,650.04 for maintenance, a total of $346,441.60. The total expenditures under the existing project to June 30, 1928, were $488,207.34. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($44,- 458.89), will be used for maintenrance of the ptoject, as follows: Operation of the pipe-line dredge Mallery, Sept. 20 to Oct. 12, 1928,. three-fourths month, at. $15,000 $11, 250. 00 500 tons of stone for jetties, at $5-- __------------------------ 2, 500. 00 Purchase of two steel scows-------------------------------19, 000. 00 Purchase of pontoons and pipe for dredge Mallery-_ L-__--. __ 7, 000. 00 Superintendence and contingencies ----------- __-__-____-4, 004. 52 Outstanding liabilities -------------------------------------- 703. 87 Total ------------------------------------------ 44, 458. 39 It is expected that these funds will be exhausted June 30, 1929. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($12,500), will be used for maintenance, as follows: RIVERS AND'.HARBOB'--W atINGTON N. C~,DiDISTRICT E Operation of the pipe-line dredge Mallery, one-half month, at $15,000__ $7,500 500 tons of stone for jetties,, at . .---- ---------. 2, 500 -$5...------- Superintendence and contingencies.... ------ --.-- ---- 2, 500 Total------------ ----------------------------------- 12, 500 Comamercia statistics.-The commerce for the year amounted to 105,076 tons, valued at $5,258,097, of which 62,697 tons, valued at $4,198,968, passed over the improved sections. The principal items were fish, lumber, and groceries and oysters. Fertilizer fish were carried in gas boats drawing from 5 to 7 feet; coal, wood, fish scrap, fish meal, and fish oil on flats; lumber on barges and flats; the re- mainder of the commerce was carried iA gas boats and sailboats drawing from 3 to 6 feet, except timber, which was rafted and towed. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. No boat lines were established or abandoned, but the Beaufort-Norfolk boat line took off one of their boats. The de- crease was principally in the items of gravel and cement, which were used in road construction during the previous year: Comparative statement General commerce Floated timber, etc. Cargoes in transit Passen- Year gers Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 923_ --------------------- 35, 765 $2, 142, 132-------------------59, 568 $3,050,374 12, 000 1924---------------------36, 472 2, 540, 439 ----- ,_ 61, 458 2, 702, 535 12, 000 1925...................---------------------.. 48, 430 3,127, 6966----------3, 049 3, 297, 038 12, 000 1926- --------------------- _ 54, 904 3, 065, 468---------_---------100, 089 3, 579, 071 12, 000 36, 504 1927---------------------........................ 1, 835, 285 ---------- --------- 68, 572 3, 422, 812 12, 000 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928_--_ _---_------------- $212, 791. 56 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------ 138, 650. 04 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 _351, 441. 60 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928----------- 131, 564. 05 Net total cost to June 30, 1928_--_- -_,_____-------- 483, 005. 65 Add accounts receivable June 30, 1928_ -_____----------10, 276. 83 Gross total costs to June 30, 1928 --------------- ----- 493, 282. 48 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928_------------- ____ 75. 14 Net total expenditures___---__ ------------------- 493, 207. 34 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928__--- --- ------------- 44, 458. 39 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928---- ---------- 537, 665. 73 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost ofnew work- ...............---.--------- Cost of maintenance------------ -------------------------- . -------------------- ............ . $613.55 Total expended.------------------------ $11,347. 32 $12, 409. 78 $35, 355. 73 $34, 351.21 114, 801.48 Allotted ................................... ................----------------------------- )0,0; --- 9,200.00 62500011 17,17,500.00 16,0.00 s o/o~ 1, 83. 156,839.73 56 REPORT QF' CHIEF OF P E1WGTEER3U.,' S. ARMY, 19 28 Balance unexpended Jly 1, 1927--- ...---...... ..------------------ $2, 420. 14 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation ict approved Mar. 23, 1928----------------------$14,400. .A 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927----------------------142, 439. 73 156, 839. 73 Net amount to be accounted for------------------------ 159, 259. 87 Gross amount expended--------- ----------------- 115, 513. 01 Less receipts from sales---------------------------- 711. 53 114, 801. 48 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928---------------------- 44, 458. 39 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928--------------------------- 703. 87 Balance available June 30, 1928------------------------ 43, 754. 52 Amount that can be profitably -expended in fiscal year ending June - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 30, 1930, for maintenance 12, 500. 00 13. WATERWAY CONNECTING CORE SOUND AND BEAUFORT HARBOR, N. C. Location and description.-This is a tidal waterway 23/4 miles long which connects the waters of Beaufort Harbor in front of the town of Beaufort with waters of Core Sound by an improved channel by way of Taylors Creek. New Bern, N. C., is 43 miles northwest of Beaufort; Southport, at the mouth of the Cape Fear River, is 120 miles to the southwest, and Norfolk is 200 miles north. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 420.) Original condition.-The depth along the route of this waterway was originally not over 1 foot at mean low water, a considerable portion being bare at that stage. Small boats made use of it at high tide. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913. The cost and expenditures were: For new work, $20,000; for maintenance, $12,853.81; a total of $32,853.81. In addition $10,000 contributed by local interests was spent on new work. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 7 feet deep at mean low water and 75 feet wide. The average rise and fall of tide at Beaufort is about 2.5 feet. The extreme range of tide at the Beau- fort end is 4.8 feet, while at the Core Sound end it is probably 4 feet. The length of the section included in the project between 7-foot con- tours is 234 miles. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1921, was $30,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of mainte- nance is $5,000. This project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. No. 88, 67th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The original project adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (II. Doc. No. 546, 62d Cong., 2d sess.), required local interests to contribute $10,000 toward the work. This condition was complied with June 29, 1914. Terminal facilities.-There are five wharves along this waterway, all of timber construction with pile foundations. They have a front- 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS. AND HARBO WI N. INQTOiT, 5. C.; DISTRICT 587 age varying from 16 to 60, feet, thetotal frontage being about 200 feet. All are privately owned, but are generally open to .use by the public when not required by the owners. The eisting facilities are considered adequate for the present commerce. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to provide a shorter and less exposed route for the commerce between Core Sound and Beaufort and points west. Operations and results during fiscal year,-No work was done. The expenditures were minus $898. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The existing project was com- pleted in 1923 at a saving of $2,345 under the estimated cost. The limiting depth on this waterway, June 30, 1928, is 6 feet at mean low water, with a width of 75 feet. The cost of the work under the existing project to June 30, 1928, was $27,655.04 for new work and $11,575.40 for maintenance, a total of $39,230.44. The total expendi- tures under the existing project to June 30, 1928, were $39,230.44. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($12,217.75), will be used for maintenance of the project, as fbollows: Operation of the pipe-line dredge Mallery, Feb. 1-23, 1929, three- fourths month, at $15,000 ___________---------------------$11, 250. 00 Superintendence and contingencies.------------------- - 967. 75 Total -------------------------------------------------- 12, 217. 75 It is expected that these funds will be exhausted June 30, 1929. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($5,000), will be used for maintenance, as follows: Operation of the pipe-line dredge Mallery, one-fourth month, at $15,000__ $3, 750 Superintendence and contingencies-- .... -- --- -- 1, 250 Total -------- ----------- 5, 000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the year amounted to 29,245 tons, valued at $1,987,166, all of which passed over the im- proved sections in gas, sailboats and flats drawing from 3 to 6 feet, except timber, which was rafted and towed. The principal items were fish, fish scrap, asphalt, groceries, and oysters. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improve- ment. No boat lines were established or abandoned during the year. The decrease in tonnage was due to the completion of a highway; material for building same passed over this waterway the previous year. The increase in value was due to 'the increased shipments of commodities of high values. Comparative statement Generalcommerce - rafted and Timber,towed Calendar year Passen calendar year gers Tons Value Tons Value 1923 ..------------------------------------- 23, 161 $1, 555,674 6,413 $24,652 10, 000 1924___- _- - - - ................ --- --. 18,707 1,359, 858 11, 862 47, 448 10 00 -- 1925 .......... -- -- --.. . 28, 214 --.........................--.-- 1,874, 963--10, 1926- ................................... - - -- ......-53, 603 1,723,996 3, 000 12, 000 10,000 1927--------- -------.--.. ----... --------...- 28, 795 1, 985, 366 450 1, 800 6, 000 588 REIPORT OF 0HIE OF EN'Gl EES, SSt.ARMY, 1928 Cost and finncial summary Cost of new work to. June 80, 1928- ..... .--.-----.. -$47, 655. 04 Cost of :maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------ 24, 429.21 Total cost of permanent work to' June 30, 1928-------------, 72, 084. 25 Net total expenditures.....------------------ ---- --------- ---- 72, 084. 25 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 --------------------------- 12, 217. 75 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928--------------- 84, 302. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost ofnew work----------------_ ------------------------------------------------ Cost of maintenance..--------------------------------------------------- Total expended-.---------------------- $27, 655.04 $2, 633.30 $10,213.91 $1,703.19 -$898.00 Allotted----.------------------------- 3,500.00 7,100.00 4,000.00 ------------ 5,102.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927---------------------------- $6, 217. 75 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 23, 1928-.... .......------------------- 6,000.00 Amount to be accounted for-----....--......--------------- 12, 217. 75 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment ------------ 898. 00 Net amount to be accounted for------------------------ 11, 319. 75 Gross amount expended 0.00 $---------------------------- Less receipts from sales----------------------------- 898.00 _ -898. 00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928-------------------- 12, 217. 75 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance ---------------------------------- 5, 000. 06 14. INLAND WATERWAY, BEAUFORT, N. C., TO THE CAPE FEAR RIVER, INCLUDING WATERWAY TO JACKSONVILLE, N. C. Location and description.--This waterway begins at Beaufort Harbor and follows the general line of the coast, passing through Bogue Sound and the sounds and marine marshes to the south, to a point,in Myrtle Sound just north of Carolina Beach, crossing the mainland at this point into Cape Fear River, which it enters about 16 miles below Wilmington. The approximate distances are as follows: Beaufort Harbor to Swansboro, 25 miles; thence 20 miles to New River; thence 44 miles to the crossing point near the southern end of Myrtle Sound; thence 11/2 miles through the mainland to Cape Fear River; thence 21/2 miles to 12 feet of water in Cape Fear River; making a total of approximately 93 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Charts Nos. 1234 and 1235.) Original condition.-The improvement of this waterway began in 1886. At that time the portion between Beaufort and Swansboro had a governing low-water depth of 18 inches; the portion between Swansboro and New River had tortuous tidal channels' winding through the marine marsh between the mainland on one side and the barrier beach on the other, the governing low-water depth being 6 inches; the governing low-water depth for New River was 4 feet to 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS 'AN1:H IARBORS WILMINGTON2 1N. C., DISTICOT 589 Jacksonville, and the channel was narrow and, circuitous, especially around Wrights Island and Cedar Bush marsh. Tar Landing, 8 miles above Jacksonville, was the practical head of navigation, though rafting and logging could be carried on, for some distance above this point. The portion between New River and the southern end of Myrtle Sound near Carolina Beach is through shallow chan- nels and marshes and is not navigable by row boats at low water. Between Myrtle Sound and the Cape Fear River the elevation varies from zero to 22 feet and over the portion in Cape Fear River the depth varies from zero to 12 feet. Previous projects.-The river and harbor acts of July 4, 1836, March 3, 1837, and July 3, 1838, appropriated $50,000 in all for the improvement of New River, and additional improvement was sub- sequently authorized by the river and harbor acts of August 2, 1882, March 3, 1905, and June 25, 1910. The river and harbor act of Sep- tember 19, 1890, authorized the improvement of the portion between New River and Swansboro, and the river and harbor act of August 5, 1886, authorized the improvement of the portion between Swansboro and Beaufort Harbor. The river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, consolidated the projects under the title "Inland Waterway, Beaufort to Jacksonville, N. C." The cost and expenditures prior to the adop- tion of the existing project in 1927 were $198,706.92 for new work and $112,971.94 for maintenance, a total of $311,678.86. For further details of previous projects see page 1803 of Annual Report for 1915;. and page 585 (for New River), page 587 (for waterway between New River and Swansboro), and page 589 (for waterway between Beaufort:Harbor and New River; that is, portion between Beaufort and Swansboro), Annual Report for 1917; and Annual Report for 1926, page 533. Eeisting project.--This provides for a waterway 12 feet deep at mean low water with a bottom width of 90 feet, extending along the coast, from Beaufort, N. C., to the Cape Fear River, a distance of 93 miles, with such modifications in routing as the Chief of Engi- neers may find desirable and economical, and including the provision of a tidal lock near the Cape :Fear end and a highway bridge in its vicinity. The project also provides for a channel 3 feet deep at mean low water and 40 feet wide from Craigs Point via Salliers Bay, Howards Bay, and New River to Jacksonville, N. C., a distance of 15 miles. The tidal range varies from 31 feet at the inlets to 1 foot at points between. The tidal range for New River varies from 33/ feet at New River Inlet to 1 foot at the head of the marshes and nothing at Tar Landing, 31 miles above. At the Beaufort end of this waterway the extreme range of tide is 4.8 feet. At the various inlets between Beaufort Inlet and New River Inlet the extreme range of tides is probably from 31 feet to 4 feet. At the Cape Fear River end the mean range is 3.5 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, made in 1926, is $5,800,000. The latest (1926) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $150.000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 8i 1917, provided for the channel to Jack- sonville (H. Doc. No. 1775, 64th Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of January 21, 1927, provided for the 12-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 590 s'EPORT OF QIEF OFEoNCmT P, 3.mIS. ARMY,, 1028 450 9th Cong., let sess). The latest ;published map: is in the last- aentined , depument. I-Reomnnended nadifaion of project.--None. Local cooperat'orm,-The local interests at Jacksonville, N. C. ex- pended about $300 in ,1910 in dredging a cut-off' immediately below the town. The river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, in adopting the 12-foot project imposes the'conditions that local interests fur- nish, without cost to the United States, a right of way 1,000 feet wide, and gives assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War and the Chief of Engineers that they will take over the highway bridge on its completion and maintain and operate it in perpetuity. The State of North Carolina, by act of its general assembly, session of 1927, authorized the secretary of state of North Carolina to acquire title to the entire right of way for the State and subse- quently convey the title to the United States and appropriated $75,000 for that purpose. It further authorized and directed that the State highway commission or the: road-governing body of any political subdivision of the State of North Carolina to take over and maintain any bridge or bridges which the United States may con- struct across the waterway. Terminal facilities.-The north end of this waterway is in Beau- fort Harbor and harbor at Morehead City, the terminal facilities of which are described in the reports for those improvements in this report. There are 23 wharves at or near Swansboro which are also referred to in this report on the improvement of inland waterway, Beaufort to Jacksonville, N. C. Throughout the rest of the water- way the route is through unimproved sections containing no ter- minal facilities. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities at Beaufort, Morehead City, and Swansboro see House Document No. 652, Sixty- sixth Congress, second session. Effect of improvement.-No work has yet been done on this project. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-The work consisted of making surveys, collecting commercial statistics, and superintend- ence. The cost of the work during the year was $497.32 for new work and $29.45 for maintenance, a total of $526.77. The expendi- tures during the year were -$4,826.58. Condition at end of fscal year.-No work has yet been done on the project. Three feet at mean low water is available from Beau- fort to Swansboro. Between Swansboro and New River, at a point near Browns Inlet, only 1 foot is available at high water. A tortu- ous channel, having a depth of about 21/2 feet at mean low water is available via New River to Jacksonville. A tortuous channel having a depth of about 1/2 feet at high water is available between New River and a point near Carolina Beach at the southern end of Myrtle Sound. Between Myrtle Sound and the Cape Fear River the elevation varies from zero to plus 22 feet, and over the portion in the Cape Fear River the low-water depth varies from zero to 12 feet. The cost of the work under the existing project to June 30, 1928, was $497.32 for new work and $29.45 for maintenance, a total of $526.77. The total expenditures under the existing project to June 30, 1928, were -$4,826.58. RIVERS AND ' HARBORS WILMINGTON ; C., DISTRIoT 501 Proposed operations.-Provided conditions of local cooperation are complied with, the balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($799,518.03), will be applied to new work on the 12-foot project, as follows: Dredging the section between Morehead City and Bogue Inlet, by contract or by using Government plant, 1,666,667 cubic yards, at 15 cents per yard_______________------___ $250, 000.00 Dredging the section between Bogue Inlet and New River Inlet, by contract or by using Government plant, 1,666,667 cubic yards, at 15 cents per yard----------------------------------------- 250, 000. 00 Dredging the land cut between Myrtle Sound and Cape Fear River, by contract or by using Government plant, 1,100,000 cubic yards, at 20 cents per yard------------------------------------ 220, 000. 00 Superintendence and contingencies--------------------------- 79, 502. 68 Outstanding liabilities------------------- ----------- 15. 35 Total ----------------------------- 99, 518. 03 7--------------- It is expected that these funds will be exhausted June 30, 1929. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($1,000,000), will be applied to new work as follows: Dredging the section between Morehead City and Bogue Inlet, by contract or by using Government plant, 2,666,667 cubic yards at 15 cents ----------------------------------------------- $400, 000 Dredging the section between Bogue Inlet and New River Inlet, by contract or by using Government plant, 2,251,667 cubic yards at 15 cents per yard ------------------------------------------- 337, 750 Completing the land cut between Myrtle Sound and the Cape Fear River, by contract or by using Government plant, 561,250 cubic yards at 20 cents per yard_ --------------------------------- 112, 250 Construction of highway bridge across land cut between Myrtle Sound and Cape Fear River ---------------------------------- 50, 000 Superintendence and contingencies-----------------------------100, 000 Total --------------------------------------------- 1, 000, 000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the year, amounting to 66,335 tons, valued at $1,274,231, all passed over the improved sec- tions. Timber was rafted and towed, lumber was carried in barge: and flats, the remainder of the commerce was carried in gas and sail boats, drawing from 3 to 7 feet. The principal items were lumber, timber, and fish. There was no change in the character of the com- merce as a result of the improvement. No boat lines were established or abandoned during the year. The increase was due principally to the increased shipments of lumber and timber. Comparative statement General commerce rafted and Timbertowed Year Yeargers Passen- gers Tons Value Tons Value 1923 ----------------------------------------- 38,522 $1,138,010 44,109 $176,436 14,000 1924-.... ------------------------------------- . 53,359 1,147, 59Q 41,748 166,992 16,000 1925...------------------------------------------- 47,817 1,166,126 38,418 153,672 16,000 1926 ------------------------------------------- 33,419 973,926 9,750 39,000 10,000 1927..................................------------------------------------------- 46,457 1,194,719 19,878 79,512 16,000 14710--ENQ 1928----38 592 IREPORT OF CUIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.. S. ARMIY, 19 2 8 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928----- 204.24 $--------------------- Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 ----------------------- 107, 663. 39 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------306, 867. 63 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928 ______ ___----------------------- 15. 35 Net total expenditures _- --- _---- -------- 306, 852. 28 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 ------------------------ 799, 518.03 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------------1, 106, 370. 31 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work.. ..---------------------------........-----------..----------------------- $497. 32 ----------------------------- Cost of maintenance__ ............. ------------------------------- 29. 45 Total expended....-------------------------$39.13 $12, 541. 41 $181. 42 $7, 457. 73 -4, 826. 58 Allotted ------------------------------------... .11,650.00---------------------790,499.18 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927-- _--- --- $4, 192. 27 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 23, 1928 ----------------------------------- 800, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for________------ ______ 804, 192. 27 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment ___________-_- 9, 500. 82 Net amount to be accounted for-- --- ----- 794, 691. 45 Gross amount expended-------------------------- $511. 42 Less receipts from sales------------ ------ 5, 338. 00 -4, 826. 58 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928---______--__________ 799, 518. 03 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928 _____________________15.35 Balance available June 30, 1928 799, 502. 68 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1-------- --------------------------- 5, 000, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - June 30, 1930, for new work _ 1, 000, 000.00 15. HARBOR AT MOREHEAD CITY, N. C. Location and description.-This harbor is situated on the northern shore of Bogue Sound, adjacent to Beaufort Harbor and Inlet. New Bern, N. C., the nearest city of importance, is about 43 miles by inland waterway to the northwest. Norfolk, Va., to the north, is about 225 miles by ocean route and 1200 miles by inland waterways. The harbor is formed behind an island of marsh. Its general dimen- sions are about 1,000 feet by 4,000 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey Chart No. 420.)* Original condition.-There was a shallow channel, nearly dry at low water, on which the wharves of the city were built, which connected with deep water in Bogue Sound. Boats drawing over 1 foot or 11/2 feet could not navigate the channel at low tide. 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS. AND HARBOR.B-WILMlNGTON .N. C., DISTRICT 593 Previous projects.--None. Existing project.-This provides:for a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water, Beaufort datum, beginning at a point 2,000 feet westward of Beaufort Harbor and extending up to the wharves at Morehead City for a distance of 3,800 feet, the lower 2,800 feet having a width of 100 feet and the upper 1,000 feet a width of 200 feet. The average rise of tide is about 2.5 feet. One year's observations show that the extreme range of tides is 4.8 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1910, was $19,000. The latest (1928) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. This project was authorized by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 649, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). For latest map see House Document No. 1022, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Recommended modifcations of project.-Under date of December 10, 1927, the Chief of Engineers recommended modification of the existing project so as to provide for a channel 12 feet deep and 100 feet wide from deep water in Beaufort Outer Harbor to Sixth Street, Morehead City, thence 200 to 400 feet wide to Tenth Street and for a channel 6 feet deep and 75 feet wide connecting the western end of the harbor with Bogue Sound, at a total estimated cost of $35,000, with $4,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. (See H. Doc. No. 105, 70th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-The project for improvement, as adopted by Congress, provided that local interests should construct a bulkhead 500 feet in length in front of Morehead City, and cause to be con- veyed to the United States the right to deposit between said bulk- head and the shore the material excavated from the channel; and provided further that local interests of the town of Morehead City should provide at least one wharf of adequate facilities, the use of which to be open to all on equal terms. These conditions have been complied with. Approximately one-half mile of concrete sheet-pile bulkhead was built at a cost of about $30,000, and the conveyance of the right to deposit excavated material therein was accepted by the Chief of Engineers on June 19, 1912. The town of Morehead City executed an agreement (approved by the Secretary of War January 19, 1911) to establish and maintain in perpetuity a public wharf with adequate shipping facilities and to permit all water craft to use the said wharf on equal terms for reasonable rates of compensation. In accordance with this agreement a wharf, costing approximately $1,200, was built and is being maintained. About $5,000 has been expended by local interests in dredging to extend the improved channel. Terminal facilities.-There are 37 wharves along the main water front of the town, all of timber construction with pile foundations. They have a frontage varying from 4 to 180 feet, the total frontage being about 1,182 feet. One is the city wharf with a frontage of 50 feet, open to use by all without charge. The remaining wharves are all privately owned, but are generally open to use by all water car- riers when not in use by the owners. At the extreme eastern ex- tremity of the town is old Pier No. 1, built on iron piles with timber deck. The spur track which was formerly on this wharf has been 594 REPORT. OF CHIEF OFi ENGINEER, U. .S ARMIY, 1928 removed and the warehouse, 75 feet by 170 feet, is in ruins. There is no place where commerce can be transferred direct from rail to water carriers, or vice versa, and in this respect the terminal facili- ties are considered inadequate. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to allow boats of deeper draft to reach the wharves at Morehead City, which made possible a regular line of boats between Morehead City, N. C., and Norfolk, Va., and caused a reduction of rail and water freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done. Expenditures were for commercial statistics. The cost of the work was $12.20, all for maintenance. The expenditures during the year were $12.20. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1913. The limiting available depth at the close of the fiscal year was 10 feet at mean low water. The cost of the work under the existing project to June 30, 1928, was $20,291.58 for new work and $18,724.79 for maintenance, a total of $39,016.37. The total ex- penditures under the existing .project to June 30, 1928, were $39,016.37. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($4,883.63), will be applied to maintenance as follows: Operation of the pipe line dredge Mallery, Feb. 23-Mar. 1, 1929, one-fourth month, at $15,000 ------- ---------------- $3, 750. 00 Superintendence and contingencies 133. 63. 1-------------------------, Total ---------------------------------------- 4, 883. 63 It is expected that these funds will be exhausted June 30, 1929. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending Tune 30, 1930, as it is thought no dredging will be required. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the year amounted to 17,092 tons, valued at $2,349,772, all passed over the improved sec- tions in gas and sailboats drawing from 3 to 7 feet, except timber which was rafted and towed. The principal items were fish and groceries. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. No boat lines were established or abandoned during the year. The increase was due, principally, to increased receipts of fish, groceries and timber. Comparative statement General commerce Timber, rafted and towed Calendar year Passen- gers Tons Value Tons Value 1923 ----------------------------------- 15, 872 $1, 404,432 2, 415 $9, 660 10, 0004 1924..........................................------------------------------------ 17, 530 1, 658, 738 3, 000 12, 000 10, 000 1925_ ..------------------------------------ 15, 248 2, 089, 972 2, 700 10, 800 12, 0004 1926.......................................------------------------------------. 15, 723 1,819, 769 -,- .... .......- 12, 000 1927_ . . ..------------------------------------ 14, 870 2,340, 884 2, 222 8, 888 14, 000 RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMING'ON, N. C., DISTRICT 595 Cost and financial summary Cost to new work to June 30, 1928-------------------------- $20,291.58 C~ost of maintenance to June 30, 19281----------------------- 8, 724. 79 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------- 9, 016.:37 Net total expenditures . ._-. ---- ----------- 39, 016. 37 TUnexpended balance June 30, 1928------------------------------- 4, 883. 63 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928---------------43, 900. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 ICost of new work___ Cost ofmaintenance........------------------------------------------------------- $12,-20 "Total expended ......-------------------------------- $1, 254. 93 $3, 745. 07 $104. 17 12. 20 Allotted- ------------------------------ $5, 000. 00 .....---------------------- 5, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927_------ -------------------- $4, 895.83 Gross amount expended-------------------------------------- 12. 20 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928---------------------- 4, 883. 63 16. BEAUFORT INLET, N. C. Location and description.-Beaufort Inlet connects Beaufort Har- bor with the Atlantic Ocean and is about 3 miles from the town of Beaufort. It is about 11/3 miles wide. Cape Fear is about 93 miles to the southwest; Norfolk, Va., is about 225 miles by ocean route to the north. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 420.) Original condition.-There was a mimimum depth on the bar of ,about 12 feet at mean low water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 300 feet wide and 20 feet deep at mean low water, Beaufort datum, across the bar, to be obtained by dredging. The length of this: channel is 11,500 feet. The average rise of tide is 2.5 feet at Beaufort and 3.5 feet at the inlet. From automatic tide gauge readings of over three years the .extreme range of tides is 7.9 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1903, was $45,000. The latest (1903) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $15,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905 (H. Doc. No. 563, 58th Cong., 2d sess.). For the latest map see House Document No. 1454, Sixtieth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are no wharves on this improvement, and none are needed. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has had a favorable effect on rail and water freight rates and provides an outlet to the ocean for the inland waterway from Norfolk to Beaufort Inlet. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work for the year consisted of dredging, using Government plant and hired labor. The 596 R bO Or CHIEF OF ENGfiEERS, O: . . ARMY, 1928 dredge Comstock removed 156,887 cubic yards of material from the ocean bar. The cost of the work was $20,436.14, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $24,061.14. Condition at end of flscal year.-The project was completed in 1910. At the close of the year a depth of 17 feet at mean low water existed through the bar channel; the controlling width is about 150 Sfeet. The cost of the work under the existing project, to June 30, 1928, was $44,484.24, for new work and $145,547.76 for maintenance, a total of $190,032. The total expenditures under the existing pro- ject to June 30, 1928, were $190,032. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($26,- 400), will be applied to maintenance, as follows: Operation of the seagoing dredge Comstock, 1%/4 months, at $15,000-_-- $26, 250 Superintendence and contingencies-------------------------------- 150 Total ------------------------------------------------ 26, 400 It is expected that the funds will be exhausted June 30, 1929. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($33,000), will be applied to maintenance, as follows: Operation of the seagoing dredge Comstock, 2 months, at $15,000--- $30, 000 Superintendence and contingencies------------------ --- 3, 000 Total---------------- ------------------------- 33, 000 The large amount requested compared with the average annual expenditure for the last five years is necessary because of the post- ponement of maintenance dredging for several years, and the failure to secure full project channel dimensions when the last dredging was done. Comnmercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1927 amounted to 49,743 tons, valued at $918,014, all of which passed over the improved sections. The principal items were fish and lumber. Fish, crabs, coal, and wood were carried in gas boats drawing from 4 to 8 feet, fertilizer, dynamite, explosive shells, and lumber were carried in barges drawing 8 to 10 feet. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. No boat lines were established or abandoned during the year. The increase was due to an increased catch of fertilizer fish. Comparative statement General commerce General commerce Year Passengers Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1923 ...----------........ 35, 751 $1,613,010--- 31, 722 1926.....------...... $826,750 ......... 1924 ........... 41,447 1,396,505 .--- _---.- 1927-__--.-.-. 49,743 918,014.. ........... 1925-- 55,851 1,648,566 RIVERS AND HARBOR~8- rN i. C., DISTRICT WILMCNGTON, 597 l t s4m Cost and fnanofa rtt Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 -----.------- ---------- . $44,:484.24 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928___------- ...._---- 145,547. 76 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928_-__---. -190, 032. 00 Net total expenditures--.----------------------190, 032.00 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928--------------------------- 26, 400. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928__ ______ _ 216, 432. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work------------------- .................. Cost of maintenance--................. --.....----- .-.. ------- $20,436.14 Total expended------------------.....................-------$4.58 $500.00 ----------- $41, 658.03 061 14 24, Allotted ------------------------------- fwol~~~~~.a 00. 00............65,870.08 80o 26,249 0 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927.. - ------ $24, 212.05 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 23, 1928............---------------------------------------- 26,400.00 Amount to be accounted for -__--------- ---- - - 50, 612. 05 0 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment __-_-------- -.. 150. 91 Net amount to be accounted for-- --------------------- 50, 461. 14 Gross amount expended-_ __ ----- --------- __-_-_ 24, 061.14 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 ---------------------- 26, 400.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - 33, 000. 00 17. HARBOR OF REFUGE, CAPE LOOKOUT, N. C. Location and description.-Cape Lookout is the middle of the three prominent capes on the coast of North Carolina. Cape Hat- teras is about 74 miles to the northeast and Cape Fear about 95 miles to the southwest. Wilmington, N. C., is 125 miles distant by water in a southwesterly direction, and Norfolk, Va., is 225 miles northerly. The harbor, which is 15/ by 13/4 miles, is formed by a natural indentation of the shore line and by a breakwater. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 421 and 1233.) Original condition.-A triangular-shaped area of beach projected into the ocean in a southerly direction for about 3 miles and formed the cape. This area was connected with the general line.of the coast by a narrow neck of land on the eastern side of the triangle, and the body of water extending behind the western point of the triangle formed the harbor of Lookout Bight, into which vessels drawing 15 feet could enter at mean low water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a harbor of refuge inclosing by means of a rubble-stone breakwater 7,050 feet long an area of 575 acres, of 30 feet or more in depth at mean low water. The mean range of tide is 3.7 feet. Automatic tide-gauge readings of over 1Exclusive of available funds. 598 :R~e0RT OF, CHIEF ; OF EGIN'yEEIS, U ., ARMY, 1928 three years show 7.9 feet as the extreme range of tides. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1925, is $2,524,000. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $20,000: This project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. 528, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 25, Fifty-fifth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These are two wharves in this harbor of timber construction with pile foundations. They have a frontage of about 6 feet each. One is owned by the United States and the other by a small fish factory. They are generally open to use by small boats without charge. The existing facilities are considered ade- quate for the present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The harbor is open during the entire year. Although the improvement is not yet completed, a total of 113 vessels used the harbor as a place of refuge during the calendar year 1927, as follows: Steamers ------------------- 81 Sailing vessels - 5 Tugs --------------- 3 Unclassified ------------------- 13 Barges-------------------------- ---------- Yachts__ ----- -_L_: 2 T---- - 113 Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work for the year consisted of maintenance of sand fences. The existing sand fences were maintained and sea oats planted to assist in retaining the sand. The cost of the work was $1,459.39, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were - $5,020.61. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The project is now 66 per cent completed. The breakwater is now showing above low water from the original shore line to a point 4,800 feet beyond, with the mattress stone deposited 200 feet in advance of this. The original shore line has moved more than 1,700 feet seaward on the south side of the breakwater, and the wall for its entire length is from 3 to 6 feet lower than originally built. The total length'of the breakwater, exclusive of shore connection, when completed according to the proj- ect, will be 7,000 feet. The controlling depth at the harbor entrance is 42 feet. The cost of the work under the existing project to June 30, 1928, was $1,363,798.72 for new work and $28,608.52 for main- tenance, a total of $1,392,407.24. The total expenditures under the existing project to June 30, 1928, were $1,392,407.24. Proposed operations.--The balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($4,112.76), will be applied to maintenance of the sand fences and superintendence. It is expected that there will be approximately $2,000 on hand June 30, 1929, and that the funds will be exhausted June 30, 1930. There are sufficient funds on hand for the maintenance of sand fences and superintendence during the fiscal year 1930, and no other funds can be profitably expended during that fiscal year, as the interests of commerce, present and reasonably prospective, do not require that the full project dimensions be obtained or maintained. Commercial statistics.-This harbor was used only as a harbor of refuge, hence no commercial statistics are given. For the number of RIVERS AND HARBORS ~WILINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 599 vessels using the harbor as a harbor of refuge, see the list of vessels given under paragraph Effect of improve ent, above. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928__ ---- ---------- $1, 363, 798. 72 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------ 28, 608. 52 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928--------- 1, 392, 407. 24 _--- Net total expenditures__ ----------------- -- 1----- 1, 392, 407.24 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928_ _---------- --------------- 4, 112. 76 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928- - ----- 1, 396, 520. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work- .------- maintenance_-------------, Cost ofe--------. . . ----------- --------------........ ------- $1,459 39 Total expended- ........... __- ---- $2, 521. 17 $3, 043. 51 $1, 659. 85 $1, 580. 21 -5, 020. 61 Allotted -------------------------------------------------------- 3, 000. 00 -6, 480. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927_ -------------------------- $5, 572. 15 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment- --------- - 6, 480. 00 Net amount to be accounted for__-------------_--- __ -907. 85 Gross amount expended__----__-__- __-____ $1,459.39 Less receipts from sales------------------------ 6, 480. 00 -5, 020. 61 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928_________------- 4, 112. 76 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion -- - -- -- - -- - -- -- - -- - -- - -- -- - -- - -- -- of existing project 1, 160, 000. 00 18. CAPE FEAR RIVER, N. C., AT AND BELOW WILMINGTON Location and description.-CapeFear River is formed by the con- fluence at Haywood, N. C., in Chatham County, of the Deep and Haw Rivers. It flows in a southeasterly direction and empties into the Atlantic Ocean at Cape Fear, near the southern extremity of the State. Its total length is about 400 miles. The improvement of the river is divided into two parts-the section above Wilmington and the section at and below Wilmington. The stream is partly tidal, the tide having a reach of 70 miles. It has a drainage area of about 350 square miles. This does not include the drainage area of Cape Fear River above Wilmington, 7,167 square miles, or of Northeast River, 1,600 square miles. The average discharge at ebb tide is about 160,000 second-feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 424 and 425.) Original condition.-The condition of the river prior to the open- ing of New Inlet (which is said to have occurred during an equinoc- tial storm in 1761) is rather uncertain, but old maps indicate that there was a low-water depth of 14 feet across the bar at the mouth, the least depth between Wilmington and the mouth being 7.5 feet. There is also some uncertainty as to the conditions in 1829, when SExclusive of available funds. O, O~P R OF CHIEF OF, ENGIN~EES, U. S. ARMY,.1 92 the improvement was undertaken by the United States, but the most reliable information is that there was then about 7 to 7.5 feet at low water in the river, about 9 feet in Baldhead Channel, 9 feet in the Rip Channel, and 10 feet at New Inlet. Work on the bar was begun in 1853, at which time the bar depths at low water were 7.5 feet in Baldhead Channel, 7 feet in Rip Channel, and 8 feet at New Inlet, the governing low-water depths in the river having been increased to 9 feet. Previous projects.-The first improvement of this stretch of the river was undertaken under authority of the river and harbor act of March 2, 1829. Additional improvements were subsequently author- ized by river and harbor acts of July 22, 1854; July 11, 1870; March 3, 1873; June 23, 1874; September 19, 1890; June 13, 1902; and March 2, 1907. The cost and expenditures on these projects were $4,625,614.67 for new work and $602,614.25 for maintenance, making a total of $5,228,228.92. (For further details of previous project see page 1804 of Annual Report for 1915. ) Existing project.-The existing project provides for a channel across the bar 30 feet deep and 400 feet wide from Baldhead Point in a southwesterly direction and for the maintenance of the existing channel during construction; thence 26 feet deep and 300 feet wide in the river up to Wilmington, with an anchorage basin at Wilming- ton 2,000 feet long, 900 feet wide at the upper end and 1,100 feet at the lower end, with approaches 1,500 feet long at both ends. The plane of reference is mean low water. The length of the section under improvement is about 30 miles, the upper limit being at Hilton Bridge (Atlantic Coast Line and Seaboard Air Line Railroads) on Northeast Cape Fear River, 13/4 miles above its mouth. The average rise of the tide is 4.5 feet at the ocean bar, 3.5 feet at Keg Island, and 2.5 feet at Wilmington. The extreme range of tides is about 6.7 feet at the ocean bar, 5.7 feet at Orton Cove, and 4.1 feet at Wil- mington. The estimated cost for new work, revised in 1922, was $992,940, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $200,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 25, 1912, provided for the work above the bar (H. Doc. No. 287, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 2, 1919, provided for a depth of 30 feet across the bar (H. Doc. No. 746, 65th Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of September 22, 1922, modi- fied the project to the extent of providing a new channel across the bar 30 feet deep and 400 feet wide from Baldhead Point in a south- westerly direction (H. Doc. No. 94, 67th Cong., 1st sess.). No work has been done on the 30-foot channel provided for by the act of March 2, 1919, and the act of September 22, 1922, eliminates this modification. The latest published maps are in the Annual Report for 1914, page 2018, and the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 76 wharves of all classes at Wil- mington. :The city owns eight constructed of timber, at street front- ages, and these are generally in fair condition. They are open to all free of charge. Their total frontage is 710 feet. The Seaboard RIVERS AND, HRBORS--WINING TON, N. C., DISTRICT 60 Air Line Railway Co. has three wharves, one with a frontage of 628 feet (including slip), with a total floor area of 62,314 square feet; one with 1,106 feet frontage (including slip) ; and one with a frontage .of 961 feet (including slip). They have a total frontage on the river of approximately 1,850 feet and about 1,150 feet of improved wharves and slips. Their warehouses are equipped with modern mechanical appliances for transferring cargoes from ves- sels. At the northern end of the city the Atlantic Coast Line Rail- road Co. has wharves as follows: One with 980 feet frontage and one with 133 feet frontage. For a distance of 806 feet farther south their frontage includes a slip 62 feet wide, containing one general freight wharf with 144 feet frontage, one coal dock with 60 feet frontage, and one oil dock having 175 feet frontage. These wharves are equipped with modern cargo-handling devices. Still farther south there is a wharf with 237 feet frontage and two warehouses leased to wholesale merchants. The Wilmington Compress & Ware- house Co. has a frontage of 436 feet, is in first-class condition, and is equipped with a Hunt elevator for unloading fertilizer, and with warehouses provided with distributing tracks. The Springer Coal Co. and the Champion Compress Co. have wharves well equipped with transfer facilities. The Clyde Steamship Co. has a wharf of 425 feet frontage, with a large warehouse. The American Molasses Co. has a wharf with 140 feet frontage. There are several old wharves belonging to companies dealing in naval stores, but the only terminal suitable for transferring cargoes from ocean steamers are those belonging to the railroads, the Champion Compress Co., the Wilmington Compress & Warehouse Co., and the Clyde Steamship Co. The use of the railroad wharves is limited practically to water carriers transacting business with the railroads, terms of use being the same to all such carriers (rules approved by the Interstate Commerce Commission). The Wilmington Compress & Warehouse Co. is the only actual wharfinger in Wilmington. The rates of this company for wharfage, handling, and storing merchandise are fixed and equal to all, but are controlled solely by the company. The War Department (Engineer Office) has a wharf with 302 feet frontage, and the Treasury Department (Coast Guard Service) one with 336 feet frontage. It is believed that the terminals at Wilmington are adequate at the present time for the commerce through this port. Below Wilmington the wharves number 23, of which 1, with 100 feet frontage, located 3 miles below Wilmington, is owned and used by the Galena Signal Oil Co.; 1 is located at Fort Caswell, 1 on Bald- head Island, and 12 at Southport. They are all of timber construc- tion, with pile supports and plank deckings. They have a frontage varying from 10 to 226 feet. One wharf, belonging to a fertilizer factory, is equipped with an elevator and two derricks operated by an engine. One wharf in Southport is owned by the Government. It is in good condition. The remainder, all privately owned wharves, are in fair condition. All wharves below Wilmington, except the Government wharf at Southport, are free to water carriers when not needed by the owners. (For further description of terminal facili- ties see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) 602 hItPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 28 Effect of improvement.-Vessels coming to Wilmington are much larger than formerly. The increase in tonnage has caused a corre- sponding decrease in water freight rates but no decrease in rail rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work was done by Government plant and hired labor and consisted of dredging on the- ocean bar and river channels with the seagoing dredge Comstock and the pipe-line dredge Henry Bacon. There were 122,626 cubic yards of material removed from the ocean bar channel and 1,139,434 cubic yards from the river channels, making a total of 1,262,060 cubic yards. As a result of the year's work the ocean bar and river channels were maintained. The total cost of the work was $109,- 467.77, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $111,077.33. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1926 at a saving of $17,282 under the estimated cost. At the end of the fiscal year both New Inlet and Swash Defense Dams were in good condition; there. was a mean low-water channel 28 feet deep over the ocean bar and 26 feet deep in the river up to Wilming- ton, excepting at a few points where the least depths were 25 feet for short distances. The cost of the existing project to June 30, 1928;, was $975,658.14 for new work and $2,207,664.40 for maintenance, a. total of $3,183,322.54. The total expenditures under the existing: project to June 30, 1928, were $3,390,613.56. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1928 ($215,351.44), to maintaining the ocean bar and river channels, as follows: Operating seagoing dredge Comstock, on the maintenance of the ocean bar channel, 5 months, between July 1, 1928, and June 30, 1929, as needed, at $15,000----------------------------- $75, 000. 00 Operating pipe-line dredge Henry Bacon, on the maintenance of the river channels, 7 months, between July 1, 1928, and June 30, 1929, as needed, at $12,000- -------------------------- 84, 000. 00, Purchasing 2 steel barges, 1 coal and 1 water, for dredge Henry Bacon, at $15,000---------- ---------------------------- 30, 000. 00 Superintendence and contingencies---- ----------------------- 25, 675. 76 Outstanding liabilities --------------------------------------- 75. 68 Total ---------------- ------------------------------ 215, 351. 44 It is expected that available funds will be exhausted June 30, 1929. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($200,000), will be applied to the maintenance of the ocean bar and river channels, as follows: Operating seagoing dredge Comstock, on the maintenance of the ocean bar channel, 5 months, at $15,000------------------- ------- $75, 000 Operating pipe-line dredge Henry Bacon, on the maintenance of the river channels, 8 months, at $12,000-------------------------- 96, 000 Superintendence and contingencies----------------------------- 29, 000 Total -------------------- ----------------------------- 200, 000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1927 amounted to 1,099,746 tons, valued at $71,043,514, all of which passed over the improved section of the river. The foreign commerce amounted to 210,138 tons, valued at $22,329,584, and consisted princi- pally of cotton, fertilizer material, and molasses, being carried by steam and motor ships drawing from 15 feet to 27 feet 10 inches, and by sail vessels drawing from 13 to 15 feet. The decrease in tonnage was due to decrease in fertilizer material shipments, and RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 603 the increase in value was due to increase in cotton shipments. The coastwise commerce amounted to 546,611 tons, valued at $34,308,033, and the principal items were fertilizer material, general merchandise, lumber, oils, and farm and water. products, carried by steam and motor ships, and sail vessels drawing from 12 feet to 26 feet 9 inches, and gasoline boats drawing from 3 to 7 feet. The increase in ton- nage was due, principally, to increased shipments of gasoline and vegetable food products, and the decrease in value was due to a decrease in prices of some of the commodities. The internal com- merce amounted to 29,176 tons, valued at $937,277 and the principal items were lumber, coal, fish scrap, and oils. The commerce was carried by gas and steamboats and flats drawing from 3 to 7 feet. The increase was due principally to increased shipments of general merchandise. The Wilmington Harbor commerce amounted to 218,664 tons, valued at $3,874,287, and the principal items were ferti- lizer material, timber, and general merchandise. The tonnage is practically the same as last year. The decrease in value was due to the use of a larger amount of lower priced fertilizer materials. The commerce was handled by steam and motor ships, and sail vessels drawing from 16 to 18 feet, and steam and gas boats and flats drawing from 2 to 5 feet. Five boat lines were abandoned and one established during the year. Of the total amount-1,099,746 tons, valued at $71,043,514--95,157 tons, valued at $9,595,333, remained on ships in passing in and out of the harbor (cargoes in transit). Comparative statement General commerce Round timber, car- goes in transit Year Passen- gers Tons Value Tons Value 1923 __-__..... __.......................... ...... 736, 354 $57, 995, 715 1122, 021 $9, 426; 005 11, 632 1924 ------------------------------------ 779, 762 56, 522, 546 2 100, 821 5, 263, 480 12, 814 1925 ...............................------------------------------------ 968, 893 62, 653, 028 8112, 616 6, 472, 022 6, 318 1926--____ _.___ . -- .___.___ _ 905, 311 59, 042, 419 ,._____ 4 109, 273 10, 301, 714 6, 000 :1927. __------------------------------------ 952, 071 61, 239,109 1147, 675 9, 804, 405 13, 418 1 Includes 65,111 tons of freight in transit valued at $8,970,725. 2 Includes 46,947 tons of freight in transit valued at $5,047,984. 3 Includes 53,856 tons of freight in transit valued at $6,236,982. 4 Includes 63,197 tons of freight in transit valued at $9,864,622. 5 Includes 95,157 tons of freight in transit valued at $9,594,333. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928______----------------------- $5, 601,272. 81 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928_11__1111--- 111111_ 2, 810, 278. 65 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928-------__ 8, 411, 551.46 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928 ---- ___ 195, 330. 88 Net total cost to June 30, 1928----_-----------------_ 8, 606, 882.34 Add accounts receivable June 30, 1928------------------------ 12, 296.04 Gross total costs to June 30, 1928-------------------_ _ 8, 619, 178. 38 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928----------------------- 335. 90 Net total expenditures------ ---------------------- 8, 618, 842. 48 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928_, ___---------------, 215, 351.44 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928----------- 8, 834, 193.92 'O4 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENIGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1'928 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work -------------- ------------ Cost of maintenance--------------------------------- ------------ ---- ------ ------------ ------------------- ----------- $109, 467. 77 Total expended........----- ........$320,217. 04 $391, 586.46 $322, 250. 37 $226, 715. 04 .....------ 111, 077. 33 Allotted...--------........--..------------.............----- ...... 430,000.00 329,400.00 245,000.00 171,000.00 184,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927.--------------- ______ $142, 428. 77 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar.23, 1928------------- --------- ------------------ 84, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for__-- --------- __ ___--326, 428. 77 Gross amount expended------------------------ $111, 785. 24 Less receipts from sales __-- ------ - 707. 91 111, 077. 33 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928---------------------215, 351. 44 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928_----------------------- 675. 68 Balance available June 30, 1928 -_----_--- 214, 675. 76 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending -- - -- - -- - -- -- - -- - -- - -- - -- June 30, 1930, for maintenance 200, 000. 00 19. CAPE FEAR RIVER ABOVE WILMINGTON, N. C. Location and description.-For description of river see preceding report on Cape Fear River, N. C., at and below Wilmington. This is partly a tidal stream. Length of tidal reach above Wilmington is about 39 miles. Above Smileys Falls, about 27 miles above Fayette- ville, the slope is very great, having a fall of 27 feet in 31/2 miles. Below Smileys Falls the slope is gentle, averaging less than 3 inches per mile, but from there to about 45 miles below Fayetteville the banks are high and the stream narrow, causing a very great freshet rise, amounting occasionally to 55 or 60 feet at Fayetteville. Low- water stages prevail about three months of the year. The current is fairly rapid on the upper section and sluggish on the lower section. The discharge at Fayetteville is about 200 second-feet in extreme drought up to 350,000 second-feet in high freshets. .Original condition.-The river was navigable during about nine months of the year as far as Fayetteville. During low-water season, however, numerous shoals over the upper 66 miles of the river between Wilmington and Fayetteville gave a depth of only 12 to 14 inches. In addition the upper 75 miles was badly obstructed by sunken logs, overhanging trees, snags, etc. The remainder of the river was generally navigable the year round by vessels drawing about 3 feet of water, but even this section contained many snags and logs. Previous projects.-The first improvement of this section of the river was undertaken under authority of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881. The river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, author,-- ized the first slack-water project. The cost and expenditures previ- ous to adoption of the existing project in 1910 were $149,119.19 for new work and $8,177.67 for maintenance, a total of $157,296.86. For 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTO, t C., DISTRICT N. '65 further details of previous projects see page 1805 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-The existing project provides for a navigable depth of 8 feet at low water from Wilmington to the head :of navi- gation at Fayetteville, 115 miles above, by the construction of two locks and dams, and by the dredging of river shoals between Wil- mington and Fayetteville. The two locks are as follows: Distance Maximum from oae available Location Wilmmng- mouth dimen- Lift ton sions Miles Miles Feet Feet Lock and Dam No. 1-----____----- Kings Bluff- ........ 39 69 200 by 40 8 Lock and Dam No. 2__ __................Browns Landing... i 71 101 200 by 40 12 Available depth on Char- Percent- miter acter of Kind of Typeofonstruction age of Actual sills at founda- dam Type of construction comple- cost low tion tion water Feet Lock and Dam No. 1. .. 9 Sand.... Fixed.._ Lock concrete, timber 100 $469, 612 crib; dam rock filled. Lock and Dam No. 2-- 9 --. do.....-...do-.....Concrete lock, dam rock 100 553,190 filled. The tide ranges from 21/2 feet at Wilmington to 1 foot at Lock No. 1, Kings Bluff, N. C., 39 miles above. The extreme range of lunar tides is 4.1 feet at Wilmington and 1.5 feet at Kings Bluff. The maximum variation due to floods ranges from 70 feet at Fayette- ville to 3 feet at Wilmington. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1917, is $1,131,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $15,000. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 890, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published map see page 1130 of the Annual Report for 1896. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation. None. Terminal facilities.-There are nine wharves between Wilmington and Fayetteville. They are generally of timber construction, with pile foundations and plank decking, but a few consist of stone or log bulkheads, supporting earth fills. They have a frontage varying from 29 to 457 feet, the total frontage being about 800 feet. The height of the landing above water varies from 2 to 8 feet. Two of the wharves are equipped with 36-inch gauge track. One fertilizer wharf is equipped with two Hunt elevators of 350-ton capacity, and one with an electric crane of 1,000-ton capacity per 24 hours. Ex- cept for the wharves of the fertilizer works at Navassa, the wharves and warehouses are generally in poor condition. Two fertilizer wharves are strictly private. The remainder are open to all water carriers free of charge when not needed by the owners. Terminals appear to be adequate for existing commerce. (See H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., for a further description of terminal facilities.) 06 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19.28 Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to permit boats drawing 5 feet to go 71 miles above Wilmington at all.times, while formerly they could go only 39 miles, and to permit boats drawing 3 feet to go to Fayetteville, 115 miles above Wilming- ton, while formerly boats drawing only 2 feet could go there at all times. There has been no. effect on rail and water freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work was done by Government plant and hired labor. The snagboat Fayetteville cleared the river of obstructions between points 20 to 27 / and 52 to 72 miles above Wilmington. There were removed 765 snags, 998 trees, 296 logs, and 140 stumps from the channel, and 381 trees from the banks. The total cost of the work was $5,882.77, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $24,611.75. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The improvement is completed to the practical limit of the existing project. The percentage of completion of the project is uncertain, as it is impracticable to obtain and maintain the project depth by dredging. Locks Nos. 1 and 2 are completed. The controlling low water depths are 7 feet from Wil- mington to Kings Bluff, Lock No. 1; 5 feet to Browns Landing, Lock No. 2; and 2 feet to Fayetteville, the head of navigation and 115 miles above Wilmington. The cost of the existing project to June 30, 1928, was $1,099,081.71 for new work, and $120,574.10 for maintenance, a total of $1,219,655.81. The total expenditures under the existing project to June 30, 1928, were $1,307,220.78. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1928 ($14,212.59), to maintaining the channel between Wilington and Fayetteville, 115 miles above, by dredging and snagging, as follows: Operating snagboat Fayetteville, 7 months, between July 1, 1928, and June 30, 1929, as needed, at $1,500-------------------------$10, 500. 00 Superintendence and contingencies -------------------------------- 3, 552.00 Outstanding liabilities---------------------------- ------------ 160. 59 Total--------------------------------------------------- 14, 212. 59 It is expected that the available funds will be exhausted June 30, 1929. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($13,000), will be applied to the maintenance of the channel between Wilmington and Fayetteville, as follows: Operating snagboat Fayetteville, 7 months, at $1,500----------------- $10, 500 Superintendence and contingencies .. ---------------------------- 2, 500 Tota-,_ .. Total------------------------------- ------------------- 13,90 --- 13, 000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1927 amounted to 152,603 tons, valued at $2,784,942, all of which passed over the improved sections. Fertilizer material was carried by steamers and motor ships drawing about 18 feet; the remainder of the commerce was carried on flats towed by gas boats, and by steam and gas boats drawing from 3 to 5 feet, except timber, part of which was rafted and towed. The principal items of commerce were ferti- lizer material, fertilizer, lumber, and timber. One boat line was abandoned and none established during the year. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improve- ment. The increase in tonnage was due to larger shipments of RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 607 fertilizer material. The decrease in value was due, principally, to the use of lower-priced fertilizer material. Comparative statement General commerce Floated timber, etc. Year Passen- gers Tons Value Tons Value 1923___.--------____-_____ _ ----------- 82, 554 $3, 452, 431 36, 456 $291, 648 683 1924_ - ------------------------------------ . 88, 631 3, 036, 513 34, 756 139, 024 700 1925.........--...--.............................-------------------------------.. 97, 726 3, 310, 034 34, 578 138, 312 450 1926..............................-----------------------------..-------.102, 766 3, 239, 811. 28,182 112, 728 150 1927..........--------......--------............................ 115,412 2,636,178 37,191 148,764 400 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928---------------------- $1, 248,200.90 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928-------128,----------- 128, 751. 77 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928...--------- , 376, 952. 67 Value of plant, materials, etc,, on hand June 30, 1928 ------- 87, 566. 97 Net total cost to June 30, 1928'-- ---------- 1, 464, 519. 64 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928 -------------------- _ 2.00 Net total expenditures------------ --------- ------- 1,464, 517.64 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928--------------------------- 14,,212.59 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-----------1, 478,'730. 23 Fiscalyear ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work.. .. ... ..... ... .. ... ....... Cost of maintenance --------- ------------------------------------------------ $5, 882. 77 Total expended_________..... .. .___... $25, 269. 93 $58, 819. 91 $12, 893. 46 $13, 255. 94 24, 611. 75 Allotted---..-. . . .. ----.-.--.... .- ... 40,000.00 9,500.00 6,000..00 12,000.00 28,798.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 ------------------------- $10,026.34 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928 -------------------------$9, 600.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927--- ---------------------- 19, 198. 00 28, 798. 00 Net amount to be accounted for- -....--.--- ___----------38, 824.34 Gross amount expended----------------- ------- ---------- 24, 611. 75 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928--------------------14,212. 59 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928---------------------------- 160. 59 Balance available June 30, 1928 052.00 1----------------------4, Amount (estimated) required-- -to of existing project 1 - - - be appropriated for completion -- - - - - - -- - - - - - 32, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - - - - - 30, 1930, for maintenance 1____1______ __ ____ _13, 000. 00 1Exclusive of available funds. 14710--ENG 1928 39 608 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 20. NORTHEAST (CAPE FEAR) RIVER, N. C. Location and description.-NortheastRiver rises in the northern part of Duplin County and flows 130 miles in a general southerly direction, emptying into the Cape Fear River at Wilmington, 30 miles above its mouth. This stream has a drainage area of about 1,600 square miles. It is partly tidal. The length of tidal reach, mouth to a short distance above Bannermans Bridge, about 50 miles. The discharge of this stream is not known. The current is rather sluggish, being about 2 miles per hour. The fall is about 2 inches per mile. The average width between banks is about 200 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 150.) Original condition.--A draft of 6 feet could be carried up 48 miles to Bannermans Bridge at lowest stage. From Bannermans Bridge, 55 miles up to Kornegays Bridge, the river was so shallow that its navigation was dependent upon freshet stages. Freshets were liable to occur at any time, but during the summer months low stages usu- ally prevailed. Above Bannermans Bridge it was badly obstructed by snags and overhanging trees. Hallsville, 88 miles from the mouth, was and is the head of steamboat navigation and Kornegays Bridge was and is the head of navigation for rafting. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 22 feet deep and 150 feet wide, increased at entrances and on curves, from Hilton railway bridge to a point 2/4 miles above the mouth of the river, and for clearing the natural channel for small steamers thence to Hallsville and for pole boats to Kornegays Bridge. Total length of section, 103 miles. The tide ranges from about 21/2 feet at the mouth of this stream but decreases to nothing a short distance above Ban- nermans Bridge. The upper portion is subject to freshets of from 8 to 12 feet. The extreme range of lunar tides is 4.1 feet at mouth, 2.5 feet at Castle Hayne, and 2 feet at Smiths Bridge. The maxi- mum variation due to floods is 3 feet at mouth, 8 feet at Kor- negays Bridge, and 13 feet at Bannermans Bridge. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1919, is $80,750. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for clearing the natural channel (H. Ex. Doc. No. 35, 51st Cong:, 1st sess., and An- nual Report for 1890, p. 1181); and the act of March 2, 1919, pro- vided for the 22-foot channel (H. Doc. 1356, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map of the whole stream is in House Document No. 35, Fifty-first Congress, first session, and the latest map of the lower 23/4 miles is in House Document No. 1356, Sixty-second Con- gress, third session. Recommended mnodifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, requires that local or other interests contribute one-half the cost of the 22-foot channel authorized by the act of March 2, 1919, viz, $25,375. Local interests have not yet contributed these funds. Terminal facilities.-The wharves on the portion of the river under improvement by the United States number 21, of which 5 are just above Hilton Bridge, 6 at or near Castle Hayne, 1 at Rocky Point Ferry, 4 near Bannermans Bridge, and 2 near Smiths Bridge. RIVEns AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 609 The wharves are of timber construction, generally with pile supports and plank decking. They have a frontage varying from 5.5 to 327 feet, the total frontage being about 1,400 feet. The height of decking above water varies from 3 to 10 feet. Seven wharves are provided with warehouses. Three wharves are equipped with tracks for han- dling lumber, heavy machinery, and crushed rock. Three fertilizer wharves are equipped with Hunt elevators of 400-ton capacity. They are generally ingood or fair condition. All the wharves are opeh to water carriers free of charge when not used by the owners. The water terminals are considered adequate. (See H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., for a further description of terminal facilities.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to open up a more convenient and economical way to handle farm products, fertilizers, etc., and has been one cause of large lumber mills being established on the river. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done during the year. The total cost of the work was 70 cents for tele- graphic service. The total expenditures were -$10,348.30. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The clearing of the natural channel was completed in 1896. No work has been done on the 22- foot channel. The entire project is about 22 per cent completed. The river is in fair condition to Bannermans Bridge, 48 miles above the mouth, and in poor condition above that point. Six feet can be carried to Bannermans Bridge and 3 feet to Crooms Bridge, 56 imiles above the mouth. Above Crooms Bridge the river is navigable only when the river is up, which is liable to occur any month in the year. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is to dredge the channel 22 feet deep and 150 feet wide, increased at entrances and on curves, from Hilton railway bridge to a point 2/4 miles above the mouth of the river. The total cost of the work under the existing project to June 30, 1928, was $10,687.96 for new work and $46,474.24 for maintenance, a total of $57,162.20. The total expendi- tures under the existing project to June 30, 1928, were $57,162.20. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1928 ($4,000), to maintaining, by snagging, the natural channel between the mouth and Hallsville, 88 miles above, as follows: Operating derrick boat Northeast, 4 months, between July 1, 1928, and June 30, 1929, as needed, at $750 000. 00 $--------------------------3 Superintendence and contingencies------------------------------- 1, 000. 00 Total ---------------------------------------------------- 4, 000. 00 It is expected that the available funds will be exhausted June 30, 1929. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($3,000), will be applied to the mainten- ance of the natural channel between the mouth and Hallsville, as follows: Operating derrick boat Northeast, 3 months, at $750--_ $2, 250. 00 Superintendence and contingencies--------------------------------- 750. 00 Total--_,- ---- 3, 000. 00 610 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Commercial statistics.--The commerce for the calendar year 1927 amounted to 66,061 tons, valued at $1,089,345, all of which passed over the improved section. Fertilizer material was carried by motor ships, steamers, and sail vessels drawing about 18 feet. The remain- der of the commerce was carried by steam and gas boats drawing from 3 to 5 feet, and by lighters towed by gas boats. Timber was rafted and towed. The principal items of commerce were fertilizer material, lumber, and timber. One boat line was abandoned and none established during the year. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. ,The de- crease was due to falling off in shipments of fertilizer material. Comparative statement General commerce Floated timber, etc. Year Pas- sengers Tons Value Tons Value 1923--_ ------------------------------------ 75, 462 $2, 812, 659 11, 601 $92, 808 1300 1924.-----.....................................---------------------------- 64, 437 1, 933,854 13, 018 52, 072 1 300 1925-------.............................-------------------------------------........... 71, 731 2, 058, 482 14, 895 59, 580 1 300 1926 ....------------- ..-----------------------........... 71,849 2,047, 267 12, 631 50, 524 1150 1927. ------ --------------- - 50, 734 1, 028, 037 15, 327 61, 308 1100 1 About 18,000 employees transported by companies' boats Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928-------------_ -------------- $10, 687. 96 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 ----- --------- -- 46, 474. 24 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------- 57, 162.20 Net total expenditures---------------_---------------------- 57, 162. 20 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928---------------------------- 4, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------------ 61, 162. 20 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work-------------....................-----.. ------------------- ----- ......... Cost of maintenance....................... ..........---------------------------..................-------------------------------- ------------ $0. 70 Total expended--------............--------------......... $3, 679. 18 $9,826.66 $5, 728. 21 $991.07 -10, 348. 30 Allotted................................-----------------------------.. , 500.00 4, 000. 00 2,000.00 4,000.00 -12, 537.80 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927---------------------------- $6, 189. 50 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment ________-----12, 537. 80 Net amount to be accounted for__--_----------------- -6, 348. 30 Gross amount expended___ ------------------- $0. 70 Less receipts from sales--- ----------------------- 10, 349. 00 -10, 348. 30 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928_- ---- -------------- 4, 000. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ' _____-_-------------------------------70, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably 1expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance _ ---------- 3, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS'--WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 611 21. BLACK RIVER, N. C. Location and description.-Black River rises in Sampson County, flows 175 miles in a general southeasterly direction, and empties into Cape Fear River 14 miles above Wilmington and 44 miles above the mouth. This stream has a drainage area of about 1,547 square miles. It is tidal for some distance above Point Caswell, 24 miles above the mouth. The discharge is not known. The current is rather sluggish, being about 2 miles per hour. The fall is about 2 inches per mile. The, average width between banks is about 150 feet. Original condition.--There was a. natural channel cleared fairly to Point Caswell and roughly to Lisbon, with governing low-water depths of 21 feet to Point Caswell and 11 feet to Lisbon. Clear Run, 66 miles from the mouth, was the head of steamboat naviga- tion, and Lisbon, 8 miles above, was the head of navigation; for rafting. Previous projects.-None. Eristing project.-This provides for clearing the natural channel and banks to Clear Run, 66 miles, and cutting off sharp bends. The tidal range is about 112 feet at the mouth and decreases to nothing 30 miles above. The low-water stages prevail usually from May unti'i August, inclusive; during the rest of:the year the stage is about 5 to 8 feet higher, but the periods of high and low water are by no means the same every year. The extreme range of lunar: tide is 2.3 feet at the mouth and 1.2 feet at Point Caswell. The maxi- mum variation due to floods or freshets is 5 feet at the mouth, 15 'feet at Point Caswell, and 19 feet at Clear Run. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1893, was $13,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was adopted by they river; and harbor act of August 5, 1886 (Annual Report for 1885, pp. 1145-1154, as amended by Annual Report for 1893, p. 1407). No map of this stream has ever been published. Recconom ended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-No wharves exist on this river. Boats use natural landings or prepare landings by smoothing out the rough- ness and irregularities of the banks. No terminals are deemed necessary. Effect of imtproveient.-The effect of the improvement has been to open up a more convenient and economical way to handle ferti- lizer, general merchandise, and farm products, and has been one cause of lumber mills being established along the river. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work was done with Government plant and hired labor. The derrick boat Northeast snagged the river between points 26 miles and 40 miles above the mouth. There were removed 41 snags, 41 trees, 29 logs, and 7 stumps from the channel, and 245 trees from the banks. As a result of the year's work the channel was cleared of obstructions from the mouth of the river to a point 40 miles above. The total cost of the work was $1,607.46, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were - $7,241.54. 612 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1895 at a saving of $642 under the estimated cost. The governing low water depths are 5 feet to Point Caswell, 24 miles above the mouth, 2 feet to Hawes Narrows, 32 miles above the mouth, and 1/2 feet to Clear Run, the head of navigation, and 66 miles above the mouth. The cost of the work under the existing project to June '30, 1928, was $12,358.40 for new work, and $31,426.97 for maintenance, a total of $43,785.37. The total expenditures under the existing project to June 30, 1928, were $43,785.37. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1928 ($1,100), to maintaining, by snagging, the nat- ural channel between the mouth and Clear Run, 66 miles above, as follows: Operating derrick boat Northeast, 1 month, between July 1, 1928, and June 30, 1929, as needed, at $750-----------------------------$750 Superintendence and contingencies_______----------- ------------ 350 Total ------------------------------------------------ , 100 It is expected that the available funds will be exhausted June 30, 1929. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($3,000), will be applied to the maintenance of the natural channel between the mouth and Clear Run, as follows: Operating derrick boat Northeast, 3 months, at $750----------- - $2, 250 Superintendence and contingencies------------------------------- 750 Total------- -------------------- 3, 000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1927 amounted to 22,883 tons, valued at $151,590, all of which passed over the improved section. The timber was rafted and towed. The re- mainder of the commerce was carried by steam and gas boats draw- ing less than 4 feet. The principal items of commerce were timber, crossties, and fertilizer. One boat line was abandoned and none established during the year. The increase in tonnage was due to increased shipments of timber, and the decrease in value was due to decreased shipments of general merchandise and farm products. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. Comparative statement General commerce Floated timber Year Passen- gers Tons Value Tons Value 1923---------------- ......----------------------------..... 4, 953 $429, 867 4, 782 $38, 252 500 1924 ------------ --- ...------------------------- 5, 998 389, 469 4, 285 17, 140 275 1925 .------------ ..............-- ------------------...........--------- 7. 088 403, 657 3, 990 15, 960 200 1926------------------------------ -------------- 4,287 243, 500 5, 280 21,120 300 1927-- ..-----------................-----------------------------........ 1, 299 65, 254 21, 584 86, 336 200 RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 613 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928--------------------------- $12, 358.40 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928---_-------------------- 31, 426. 97 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 __________-43, 785. 37 Net total expenditures----------------------------------- 43, 785.37 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 __________ _________ _ 1,100. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928______________ 44, 885. 37 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost ofnew work .. Cost of maintenance ------------ --------------------------------------------- $1,607. 46 Total expended .------............-----------------... $3,356. 89 $6, 906.01 $1,257.71 $1,553.19 -7,241.54 Allotted---.................------------------------ 7, 500. 00 3, 00000 1,600. 00 1.100. 00 -12,114. 63 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927------------------------------- $5, 973. 09 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment---------- 12, 114.63 Net amount to be accounted for---------------------- - 6, 141. 54 Gross -amount expended-------------------------- $1, 607.46 Less receipts from sales---------------------------8, 849. 00 - 7, 241. 54 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928------- ----- 1, 100. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance ------------- ------------------- 3, 000. 00 22. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS NOS. 1 AND 2, CAPE FEAR RIVER, N. C. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Cape Fear River, N. C., above Wil- mington. (See pp. 604 to 607 of this report, where general infor- mation regarding the improvement can be found.) The completed locks and dams have been operated and maintained under the perma- nent indefinite appropriation since November 1, 1916, for Lock No. 1, and March 1, 1918, for Lock No. 2. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work at Lock No. 1 consisted in the operation of the lock the entire year, repairing valves, cleaning and painting the lock gates, and making minor repairs to dwellings. The vork at Lock No. 2 consisted in the operation of the lock the entire year, repairing valves, renewing upper sections of quoin and mitre posts, cleaning and painting the lock gates, repair- ing leak under lock wall, and making minor repairs to dwellings. The expenditures were $11,076.90. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The locks, together with abut- iments and dams, are in good condition. (See table under "Existing Project," Cape Fear River, N. C., above Wilmington.) The lock tenders' houses are in good condition. A fairly good channel, with controlling low water depth of 7 feet, exists from Wilmington to Lock No. 1, 39 miles above; 5 feet to Lock No. 2, 72 miles above, and 1 Exclusive of available funds. 614 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 21/2 feet to Fayetteville, the head of navigation. The amount ex- pended for operating and care to June 30, 1928, is $110,507.35. Proposed operations.-The locks and 'dams will be operated and maintained under allotment from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-For commercial statistics for the Cape Fear River above Wilmington, N. C., see page 606. 23. SHALLOTTE RIVER, N. C. Location and description.-Shallotte River is a small stream in Brunswick County, N. C., rising in the large swamp country between Cape Fear and Waccamaw Rivers known as Green Swamp. The stream is about 30 miles long and flows in a southerly direction into the, Atlantic Ocean at a point about 20 miles west of the mouth of the Cape Fear River. This stream is tidal and has a drainage area pf about 30 square miles. The action of the tide is felt over all its length. The discharge is not known. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 150.) Originalcondition.-The channel depth on the ocean bar was about 3 feet at low Water and 71/2 feet at high water. From the bar to a point 21/4 miles above there was a 5-foot low-water channel; the next 13/4 miles was badly obstructed by mud flats and oyster rocks over which there was about 1 foot depth at low water. From this point to the town of Shallotte, 5 miles farther up, the river was narrow and crooked and the low-water depth varied from 2 to 12 feet, The town of Shallotte, 9 miles from the mouth, was the head of navi- gation. 'Previous project.-The river and harbor act approved March 2, 1907, appropriated $3,000 to be expended on this river. This ap- propriation not being based on any survey and estimate, the report submitted to and approved by the Chief of Engineers for this ap- propriation became the project. The cost and expenditures under this project were $3,000. For further details of previous project see page 1806 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for securing a channel 4 feet deep at mean low water and 36 feet wide from the mouth to the town of Shallotte. The length of the section under improvement is 9 miles. The river is tidal, the rise and fall varying from 5 feet at the mouth to 3 feet at the town of Shallotte. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1927, is $15,400. The latest, (1926) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,200. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 721, 62d, Cong., 2d sess.), provided for improvement to Whites Landing, and the act of January 21, 1927 (H. Doc. No. 273, 69th Cong., 1st sess.), au- thorized the extension of the improvement to Shallotte. No map of this stream has ever been published. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 615 Terminal facilities.-There are four private wharves at the town of Shallotte, 9 miles from the mouth of the river, all of which are open to the public on equal terms. They are of timber construction, with pile foundations and plank decking. These terminals are con- sidered adequate for the present needs of commerce. None of these terminals are equipped with mechanical devices for handling freight. Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to allow boats to load to a deeper draft and to reach and depart from Whites Landing at any stage of tide, while formerly loaded boatl had to wait for high water. This will apply also to the town of Shallotte when the existing project is completed. Operations and results during fsccl year.-No work was done during the year. Surveys were made and commercial statistics col- lected at a cost of $250.57, all for maintenance. The total expendi- tures were -$305.43. Condition at end of fiscal year,-The project is 60 per cent com- plgted. The governing depth at mean low water is 21/2 feet to Shal- lotte, the head of navigation. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is to dredge the channel 4 feet deep at mean low water from Whites Landing to the town of Shallotte. The cost of the work under the existing project to June 30, 1928, was $8,407.83 for new work and $2,231.74 for maintenance, a total of $10,639.57. The total expenditures under the existing project to June 30, 1928, were $10,639.57. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1928 ($11,749.43), in completing the channel from Whites Landing to the town of Shallotte and in restoring the chan- nel below Whites Landing to project width and depth, as follows: Dredging of the channel between Whites Landing and the town of Shallotte --------------------------------------------------- $6, 500.00 Restoring, by dredging, the channel below Whites Landing to project width and depth--------------------------------------------- 4, 500. 00 Superintendence and contingencies---------- ------------------ 749. 43 Total---------------------------------------------------11, 749. 43 It is expected that the available funds will be exhausted June 30, 1929. No work is proposed during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, and no funds can therefore be profitably expended. Commnercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1927 amounted to 5,168 tons, valued at $221,572, all of which passed over the improved sections. The commerce was handled by gas boats drawing from 3 to 4 .feet, except 100,000 feet of lumber, which was handled on scows towed by gas boats. One boat line was abandoned and none established during the year. The principal items of com- merce were gasoline, lumber, and fertilizer. The increase in ton- nage was due to increased shipments of gasoline and lumber. The decrease in value was due to a greater use of automobile trucks han- dling general merchandise. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. 616 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928. Comparative statement General commerce Floated timber Year Passen- gers Tons Value Tons Value 1923..............................-------------------------------------. 1924--..................................------------------------------------------. 5, 482 6, 517 $382, 486 513,815 2, 425 1, 500 $19,400 6,000 ----------- 1925.............. --------------------------------------------....................... 5, 754 473, 003 800 3, 200 1926.....-------....-----............ ..----------- ------------------- 4,130 313, 820 500 2, 000 1927------------------------------------ ------ 5,168 221,572 - Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928---------------------------- $11, 407. 83 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928-------------------- ----- 2, 231. 74 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 -------------- 13, 639. 57 Net total expenditures---------------- ------------------- 13, 639 57 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928-__ ------.------ -11, 749.43 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928---------------- 25, 389. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30- 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work------------------ Cost of maintenance.....--------------------------- -------------------------------- $250. 57 Total expended---------------------------------------------------------------305.43 Allotted------- --- ---------------- ------------ ----------- ------- ------------ 11,444. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928 ---------------------------------------------- $12, 000. 00 Deduction on account of revocation of allottment --------- 556. 00 Net amount to be accounted for------------------------------- 11, 444. 00 Gross amount expended------------------------------$250.57 Less receipts from sales------------------------------- 556. 00 -305. 43 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928------ ------------------ 11, 749. 43 STATEMENT OF APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPENDITURES ON WORKS OF RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENT TO JUNE 30. 1928 IN THE WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT Appropriations (or allotments) Sea coast, harbors, and channels----------------------$10, 812, 279. 65 Internal waterways----------------------------------- 5,506, 654. 44 Expenditures (exclusive of receipts from sales) : New work---------------------------- ----- 10, 504, 838. 33 Maintenance-----------------------------------------4, 414, 147. 58 Operating and care of canals ----- 153, 409 19 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THIE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED MARCH 3, 1925 AND JANUARY 21, 1927 Reports dated July 29, 1925, and May 29, 1926, with map, on pre- liminary examination and survey of Morehead City Harbor, N. C., RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 617 required by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, were duly sub- mitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were trans- mitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 105, Sev- entieth Congress, first session. Recommendation is made for modi- fication of the existing project so as to provide for a channel 12 feet deep and 100 feet wide from deep water in Beaufort Outer Harbor to Sixth Street, Morehead City, thence 200 to 400 feet wide to Tenth Street, and for a channel 6 feet deep and 75 feet wide connecting the western end of the harbor with Bogue Sound, at a total estimated cost of $35,000, with $4,000 annually for maintenance, subject to cer- tain conditions of local cooperation. Reports on preliminary examinations required by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1925, and January 21, 1927, of the following localities within this district were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress but hive not yet been printed: 1. Preliminary examiination of Neuse River, N. C., from Newo Bern to Raleigh.-Report dated September 30, 1927, was transmitted to Congress February 7, 1928. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. 2. Preliminaryexamination of Smith Creek, in the vicinity of Wil- mington, N. C.-Report dated June 24, 1927, was transmitted to Con- gress January 13, 1928. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of September 22, 1922, March 3, 1925, and January 21, 1927, as follows, and reports thereon will be submitted when received: 1. Cape Fear River, above Wilmington, N. C., with a view to the construction of a lock and dam about 15 miles below Fayetteville. 2. Cape Fear River, below Wilmington, N. C., and between. Wil- mington and Nevassa. 3. Beaufort Harbor and Beaufort Inlet, N. C. 4. Newport River, N. C. 5. North River, Carteret County, N. C. 6. Douglas Bay, Hyde County, N. C. 7. Far Creek, N. C., from Pamlico Sound to Engelhard. 8. Runyon Creek, N. C. 9. Channel from North River, via Back Sound, to Lighthouse Bay, N. C. The division engineer, southeast division, was charged with the duty of making preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor act of January 21, 1927, as follows, and re- ports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Intracoastal waterway from Cape FearRiver, N. C., to George- town, S. C. 2. Intracoastal waterway from Cape Fear River, N. C., to St. Johns River, Fla. 618 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 REPORTS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RESOLUTIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON RIVERS AND HARBORS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By resolution dated January 19, 1926, a review of reports on S~ver Lake Harbor, N. C., printed in House Document No. 69, Sixty-sixth Congress, first session, was requested. Report thereon with map, was transmitted to the committee and printed in River and H-Iarbor Committee Document No. 3, Seventieth Congress, first session. A plan of improvement is presented which provides for a channel 5 feet deep at mean low water and 50 feet wide, extending from that depth in the sound to the 3-foot contour, at an estimated cost of $11,000, with $900 annually for maintenance, this improve- ment being recommended subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. By resolution dated February 29, 1928, a review of reports on Silver Lake Harbor, N. C., printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 3, Seventieth Congress, first session, was requested. Report thereon was transmitted to the committee May 21, 198, but has not yet been printed. The improvement of this locality by the United States, other than as recommended in the document under review, is not deemed advisable at the present time. By resolution of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors of the House of Representatives dated December 16, 1927, a review of re- ports on Tar River, N. C., printed in House Document No. 726, Sixty-fifth Congress, second session, was requested, and report thereon will be submitted as soon as practicable. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT This district includes the watersheds of all rivers flowing into the ocean on the coast of South Carolina northeast of Port Royal Sound. It embraces the central portion of North Carolina and all of South Carolina except Beaufort, Broad, and Savannah River Basins. District engineer: Maj. N. Y. DuHamel, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. John C. Oakes, Corps of Engineers, to July 27, 1927, and Col. George P. Howell, United States Army, re- tired, since that date. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. W nyah Bay, S. C S. Operating and care of lock 6----------18 2. Waccamaw River, N. C. and and dam across Congaree S. C--------------_----- 622 River, S. C-------------- 637 3. Great Peedee River, S. C_ .- 625 9. Harbor at Charleston, S. C_ 638 4. Mingo Creek, S. C---------- 627 10. Ashley River, S. C_--- ___ 644 5. Waterway'from Charleston to 11. Shipyard Creek, S. C------- 645 Winyah Bay, S. C--------- 629 12. Waterway from Charleston 6. Santee River, S. C--------- 632 to Beaufort, S. C--------- 647 --- 7. Congaree Rivef', S. C----- 634 1. WINYAH BAY, S. C. Location and description.-Winyah Bay lies on the coast of South Carolina, 50 miles northeast of Charleston Harbor and 90 miles southwest of the entrance to Cape Fear River, N. C. It is formed by the united mouths of the Great Peedee, Waccamaw, and Sampit RIVRS AND HABOBs--cOHATMsON, a. ., DISTICoT 619 Rivers, and almost closed from the sea by North Island. Its length is 14 miles; its width is between 11/2 and 4 miles. Its area is about 25 square miles, much of which is very shallow. The city of George- town is located on the Sampit River, near the head of the bay, 15 miles in a northerly direction from the ocean entrance. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 428.) Original condition.-This bay was a long, narrow, and generally shallow estuary, connected with the sea by a passage 21/2 miles'long and three-fourth mile wide at the gorge. Through this passage were two principal channels, the better of which had from 7 to 10 feet depth over the bar at low tide. There was a 12-foot channel from inside the bar to the mouth of the Sampit River, 14 miles, where the depth was again reduced to 9 feet. Due to cross currents and to sediment brought down by the several rivers entering the bay, the channels within the bay as well as at the ocean entrance fluctuated from year to year. Navigation was at all times difficult and uncertain. Previous projects. A project for the improvement of navigation in this locality was first adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882, and was for improving Georgetown Harbor, on which was expended $48,500. The original project for the improve- ment of Winyah Bay proper was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 5, 1886. This project was later made to include Georgetown Harbor, and had been practically completed when the present project was adopted. Total cost and expenditures prior to commencement of work under the existing project amounted to $2,561,408.25, of which $2,446,851.88 was for new work and $114,556.37 was for maintenance. For scope of previous projects see page 1806 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 400 feet wide and 18 feet deep at mean low water from the entrance of Winyah Bay, following the western shore as far as may be necessary, to a point on the Sampit River 1 mile above, the limits of the city of George- town, to be secured and maintained (a) by the construction of two jetties springing, respectively, from North and South Islands and converging to give an opening 4,800 feet wide at the 18-foot curve on the seaward side of the bar, the jetties to be of stone on brush mat- tresses, the north jetty having a length of 11,139 feet and the south jetty 21,051 feet; (b) by dredging across the bar to the 18-foot curve indicated; (o) by construction of an earthen dike 14,300 feet long to protect the shore line of South Island at the southerly side of the bay; (d) by dredging in the bay proper, following the southwestern shore for a distance of about 6 miles opposite Mud Bay; (e) by the con- struction of a training wall at the head of this dredged cut; and (f) by dredging in Sampit River opposite the city of Georgetown and across the bar at the mouth of the river. The mean range of tide at Georgetown is 3.3 feet, while the spring tides have a mean rise and fall of 4 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, made in 1904, is $650,000, exclu- sive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenace is $46,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of August 5, 1886, provided for the jetties (H. Ex. 620 WTPD OFR.0T1OFPF O NG1NEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 28 Doc. No. 258, 48th Cong., 2d sess., reprinted on pp. 1154-1170 of the Annual Report for 1885, and H. Ex. Doc. No. 117, 50th Cong., 2d sess., reprinted on pp. 1110-1115 of the Annual Report for 1889). Under this same act the earthen dike was provided as a measure of protection for the south jetty. The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the present channel dimensions and the training wall (H. Doc. No. 398, 58th Cong., 2d sess., reprinted on pp. 1591-1609 of the the Annual Report for 1904). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1915, page 2394. Recomnended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperatio .- None. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities at the port of George- town served by this improvement consist of five wharves of ordi- nary timber construction, suitable for ocean-going vessels, and pro- vided with sheds for the accommodation of freight, and a number of smaller wharves and landing places at street ends and elsewhere, used by river boats. Railway connection is furnished by the Sea- board Air Line Railway, which has tracks on its property extending to the water front, no charge being made for wharfage. All termi- nals are privately owned, but with few exceptions, are open to all on etual terms, They are considered adequate for the present commerce olthe port. (For fill description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong. , 2d sess.) Effect of inmproveitent. The increase in navigable depth of the channel from 9 feet to 18 feet has allowed larger ocean-going ves- sels, especially lumber-carrying schooners, to use the port. The channel is used also by the Baltimore & Carolina Steamship Co. in its regular coastwise commerce between this port and Baltimore, Md., Charleston, S. C., and Miami, Fla. Operations and results during fiscal year. The Sampit River mouth was dredged by the U. S. hydraulic pipe-line dredge Creigh- ton to project depth and sufficient width for existing commerce. 'The material removed, 218,292 cubic yards, was deposited behind the timber and brush training wall on the northeast side of the channel. Timber and brush training walls were constructed east of the Western Channel. These training walls and the built-up marsh islands between them, now form a protecting barrier for-this channel a distance of about 19,000 feet. The Western Channel was dredged by the U. S. hydraulic pipe-line dredge Henry Bacon to sufficient width and depth to provide an adequate channel for present com- merce. The material removed, 1,201,960 cubic yards, was deposited behind the training walls. The costs during the year were $75,807.47 for dredging, $20,873.06 for construction of training wall, and $1,144.33 for surveys, care of property, office expenses, etc., a total of $97,824.86, all chargeable to maintenance. The total expenditures during the year were $129,856. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 80 per cent com- pleted. The jetties were completed in 1903-4. Dikes of various forms have been built to protect the South Island Beach and the shore end of the south jetty. The channels prescribed in the project have been reported as obtained at different times, but never com- pletely maintained. RIVERS AND HARBORS CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 621 The Sampit River is protected on the eastern side by a timber and brush training wall 2,000 feet long. This channel now has a con- trolling depth of 17 feet at mean low water and a width of 250 feet. The Western Channel is protected on its eastern side by timber and brush training walls and built-up marsh islands for a distance of about 19,000 feet. This channel now has a depth of 18 feet and width of about 240 feet, except for two small shoals near the lower end caused by the lowering of side slopes. These shoals, the material of which is very soft, have a controlling depth of 17 feet in center of channel. The entrance channel has a controlling depth of 17 feet at mean low water for a width of 150 feet south of center line. A shoal with controlling depth of 16 feet extends over the northern half of the channel for a distance of 1,200 feet. There is a depth of over 20 feet, however, south of the channel lines. The south jetty has settled considerably in several places, but no adverse effects upon the channel are evident. The work remaining to complete the project is the construction of a permanent training wall in Winyah Bay. The total cost to date amounts to $491,211.73 for new work, and $691,890.07 for maintenance, a total of $1,183,101.80. The total expenditures to date amount to $1,215,132.94. Proposed operations.-With the unexpended balance of $27,978.85, July 1, 1928, it is proposed to pay outstanding liabilities and use the available balance for dredging in the Western Channel, maintaining the Sampit River and Western Channel training walls, making necessary surveys, and caring for property. The rate of expendi- ture will be about $20,000 for the first month while dredging is in progress and $800 per month thereafter. All dredging and mainte- nance work on training walls will be done by Government plant and hired labor. It is expected that funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1929. The amount which can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($46,000), will be used for maintenance dredging on the outer bar and maintenance work on the Sampit and Western Channel training walls, care of property, etc. Commercial statistics.-The large decrease in commerce is due principally to the Baltimore & Carolina Steamship Co. curtailing its trips to Georgetown, and to the cessation of logging operations to a large extent by various lumber interests in Georgetown. The foreign commerce consisted of exports of lumber only. The coastwise commerce consisted chiefly of shipments of lumber and receipts of miscellaneous food products and general merchandise; the local and internal commerce was principally lumber, logs, food- meral stuffs, and miscellaneous general merchandise. The limits of drafts for coastwise boats were from 12 to 20 feet; for small boats and lighters handling local and internal business, 31j/ to 7 feet. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1923 .... . 384, 507 $5, 950, 455 4, 856 1926 . .... 208, 292 $4, 799, 621 13, 264 1924 ....... --- 471,453 7, 912, 916 4, 626 1927... 201,517 5, 209, 425 29, 542 1925_ - - - 273, 866 6, 907, 038 8, 782 622 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 ----------------------- $2, 938, 063. 61 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928___------------ 806, 446.44 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928---------- 3, 744, 510. 05 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928----------- 32, 445. 50 Net total cost to June 30, 1928- -- ____--______ 3, 776, 955. 55 Add accounts receivable June 30, 1928------------------------- 3, 886. 61 Gross total costs to June 30, 1928_.. _______________ 3, 780, 842. 16 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928 -----------------------_ 4, 300. 97 Net total expenditures-------------- - ----- _ 3, 776, 541. 19 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928-----------___----- 27, 978. 85 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------------3, 804, 520. 04 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work-------------------------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance __..---------------- ---- _------------------ .---. ------------ $97, 824. 86 Total expended-------_---------------- $100, 707. 21 $33, 446. 05 $84, 343. 81 $14, 754. 66 129, 856. 00 Allotted.------ --------------- ------- 30, 000.00 84,000.00 5,000. 00 57, 000.00 114, 017.37 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927_---__--- - ------ __ __ $43, 817. 48 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927--- ------------------------------------ 114, 017. 37 Net amount to be accounted for-.... ____.____-_--___ 157, 834. 85 Gross amount expended----- ------------------ $132, 757.42 Less receipts from sales ______-...._______-- 2, 901. 42 129, 856. 00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928__--- - -______-_____- 27, 978. 85 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928----- __--- 8, 091. 13 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts----------- 3, 313. 49 11, 404. 62 Balance available June 30, 1928----- _____-__---_____ 16, 574.23 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1----- ____ - ___ _-_---__ -___--_ - 158, 800. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - - - - 30, 1930, for maintenance 1_ _ __,,___ _ _ __ __ 46, 000. 00 2. WACCAMAW RIVER, N. C. AND S. C. Location and description.-This river rises in Lake Waccamaw, N. C., and flows southwest 142 miles into Winyah Bay, near George- town, S. C. Its drainage area is 1,700 square miles. At Conway the low-water discharge is 1,050 second-feet and the ordinary flood dis- charge about 4,000 second-feet. The tidal reach at low water is 92 miles from the mouth to Worthams Bridge. Its width at mouth is three-quarters of a mile; thence to Bull Creek, 780 feet; thence to, Conway, 240 feet; at Conway, 150 feet; above Conway, 90 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 152.) Original condition.-The river throughout its length was extremely crooked, filled with logs, snags, and other obstructions, but was navi- 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 623 gable for 12-foot draft boats at all stages of water from Winyah Bay to Bull Creek, 21 miles, and at high water 4 miles farther, to Bucks Lower Mills; thence 7-foot draft could be carried at high water fog: 19 miles farther to Conway; thence at ordinary winter water it pos- sessed an obstructed channel for 3-foot draft boats for 68 miles to Reeves Ferry; thence an obstructed channel, with 3 feet at high water, for 30 miles, to Lake Waccamaw. The head of steamboat navigation was Reeves Ferry, N. C., 112 miles from the mouth of the river. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at all stages of water, with 80 feet bottom width, from the mouth of the river to Conway, nearly 44 miles; thence a cleared channel to Lake Waccamaw. The usual seasonal variation in water surface is about 7.5 feet at Conway and about 12 feet at Star Bluff, 80 miles above the mouth. The tidal variation in Winyah Bay is 3.5 feet, and at Conway at low-water stage it is 1.6 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1885, was $138,400. The latest (1886) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $4,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act approvei June 14, 1880 (S. Ex. Doc. No. 117, 46th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1880, p. 848). For map of the river see House Document No. 514, Fifty-eighth Congress, second session. Recommended modifcations of projects.-It is recommended that the project be modified by eliminating all work between Star Bluff and Lake Waccamaw. (H. Doc. No. 467, 69th Cong., 1st sess.) Under date of March 31, 1927, recommendation was also made to provide for a channel 4 feet deep and 50 feet wide at low water from Conway, S. C. (mile 44), to Red Bluff, S. C. (mile 70), at an esti- mated cost of $12,500, with $500 annually for maintenance. (H. Doc. No. 82, 70th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-At Toddville (mile 37) and Conway (mile 44) agents of the lines operating on the river provide wharves and warehouses, which are free and open to all carriers. At intermedi- ate landings, there are privately owned free wharves and usually free warehouses, though in a few cases storage is charged for freight left in the warehouses. The banks are low and range of river stage small; consequently freight is handled by hand without difficulty. The terminals are adequate for the existing commerce. At Conway they are reached by the railroad and by highways in good condition. The intermediate landings are reached by country roads, usually in poor condition. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The imnprovement, by deepening and straightening the channel and the removal of snags, has enabled vessels to give a more dependable and economical service. The river passes through a coisiderable area not reached by rail. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. snag boat Wateree worked on the river between Conway (mile 44) and Red Bluff (mile 69) removing 1,320 sunken logs, 573 snags, 80 stumps, and 40 trees, clearing this section of the river of the most dangerous obstructions. 14710-ENG 1928--40 624 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 The total costs during the year were $3,757.16 for snagging, care of plant, office expenses, etc., all chargeable to maintenance. The total expenditures were $3,588.7'0. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The 12-foot project channel to Conway was completed in 1924 and obtains for most of the distance. Shoals have, however, formed on the sides of the channel at several places, and the ruling width at these points is only about 40 feet. A 3-foot channel exists above Conway to Red Bluff (mile 69) except for one long shoal at Red Bluff. The bottom of the river between Conway and Red Bluff is still obstructed by sunken logs which are sinkers from rafts. The majority of obstructions, however, were removed during the fiscal year. The depths given refer to zero of the Conway gauge, which is 1 foot below average low-water stage. Above Star Bluff (mile 80), no work having been done for several years, the channel is obstructed by logs and snags, and is not navigable. The total cost to date amounts to $250,313.58 for new work and $90,143.58 for maintenance, a total of $340,457.16. The total expenditures to date amount $340,288.70. Proposed operations.-With the unexpended balance of $2,011.30, July 1, 1928, it is proposed to remove snags and sunken logs between Conway and Red Bluff. The work will be done by Government plant and hired labor, and the rate of expenditure will be about $2,000 per month while work is in progress. It is expected that funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1929. The amount which can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($4,000), will be used in snagging the river above Conway, using Government plant and hired labor. Commercial statistics.-The commerce was principally foodstuffs, lumber, logs, and miscellaneous general merchandise. Below Conway it was handled by small steamers, motor boats, lighters, etc., of 8-foot draft or less; above Conway of 4-foot draft or less. There is a considerable increase shown in the traffic of logs. It is believed that this is only an apparent and not a real increase, and is due to individual shippers failing to report their shipments ih previous years. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1923-----........ 83696 $869, 089 4,036 1926 _ 125, 550 $1, 308, 938 12, 664 1924-----------191, 805 1,408,226 4,626 1927-------_ -144,921 2,398,466 26,472 1925-_ --- . 153,169 1,609,645 8, 746 Cost and financial summary _ Cost of new work to June 30, 1928__-______----_---____-___- $250,313. 58 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------- ______-__- -90, 143.58 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928_. -------- 340, 457. 16 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928__________-____-______--__--168. 46 Net total expenditures___----------------------- - 340, 288. 70 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 ------------ 2, 011. 30 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 --- --- 342, 300. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 625 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work .......................---------..----------------------- ------- ------------ $3, 757. 16 Cost of maintenance ---------------- - ------------------------------. Total expended. ........................ $4, 395. 55 $9, 070. 08 $910. 95 $24. 51 3, 588. 70 Allotted................................... 3,000. 00 8, 500.00 .. _______ 3, 600. 00 2,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927-------------------------------- $3, 600. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928-------------------------- -------------- 2, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for , 600. 00 5--------------------------- Gross amount expended-- 932. 93 $-----------------------------4, Less receipts from sales---------------------- 1, 344. 23 3, 588. 70 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928---------------------------- 2, 011. 30 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928------------------------------- 168. 46 Balance available June 30, 1928---------------------------- , 842. 84 ,Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance -------------------------------------- 4, 000. 00 3. GREAT PEEDEE RIVER, S. C. Location and description.-This river rises in the mountains of North Carolina, and flows generally southeast for 425 miles into Winyah Bay, near Georgetown, S. C. Above the Uwharie River, 234 miles from the mouth, it is called the Yadkin. The drainage area is 10,800 square miles. At Smiths Mills, 50 miles from the mouth, the low-water discharge is about 5,200 second-feet, and ordinary flood discharge about 20,300 second-feet. The tidal reach at low water is 38 miles from the mouth. The fall per mile below Cheraw is 0.8 foot. The average width below Cheraw is 325 feet. (See U. S. Geological Survey map of South Carolina, 1913.) Original condition.-This river was dangerously obstructed by snags and logs. Nevertheless it was navigated via Waccamaw River and Bull Creek by steamboats drawing 9 feet of water up to Smiths Mills, 50 miles above the mouth of the Peedee, while smaller boats of 31/2 feet draft penetrated to Little Bluff (mile 106) and at high water to Cheraw, 164 miles from the mouth, which was the head of navigation. Previous projects.-None by the United States Government. The river had been under improvement at intervals by the State of South Carolina as far back as 1784. Existi~a project.-This provides for a cleared 9-foot channel between Waccamaw River and Smiths Mills and thence a 31/2 -foot channel to Cheraw at all stages of water. The tidal variation at low-water stage is 31/2 feet at the mouth and 3 inches 34 miles above. The ordinary flood stage is 18 feet above the low-water stage at Sniiths Mills, 25 feet at Atlantic Coast Line Railroad bridge, and 35 feet at Cheraw Bridge, respectively, 50, 100, and 164 miles from the mouth. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 626 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 The estimated cost for new work, revised in 1900, was $235,345.37. The latest (1900) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 14, 1880, provides for the removal of all obstructions so as to secure a navigable depth of 9 feet to Smiths Mills and 31/2 feet to Cheraw (S. Ex. Doc. No. 117, 46th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1880, p. 844) ; the act of June 13. 1902. provides for securing a 31/2-foot channel between Cheraw and the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad bridge by means of dredging, snag- ging, and the construction of timber and pile dams (H. Doc. No. 124, 56th Cong., 2d sess.). For map see Annual Report for 1889. page 1180. Recommended modifications of project.-It is recommended that this project be modified by elimination of all work between Jeffreyvs Creek and Cheraw (H. Doc. No. 467, 69th Cong., 1st sess.). Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are practically no terminal facilities,. except small sheds constructed at a few landings as a protection to. freight. They are privately owned. Effect of improvement.-The improvement for a time benefited a large area, part of which is now served by rail. Recently the benefit has been limited to the lower/ 89 miles of the river, which is being used extensively in towing lighters loaded with logs. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. snag boat Wateree worked on the river between Smiths Mills (mile 50) and Jeffreys Creek (mile 89) and removed 136 logs, 114 snags, 38 stumps, and 123 trees. The total costs during the year were $583.40 for snagging, office expenses, care of plant, etc., all chargeable to maintenance. The total expenditures were $558.40. Condition at end of fiscal year.--At present there exists from the Waccamaw River to Smiths Mills (mile 50) a cleared channel 9 feet deep at lowest recorded stage. The river above Smiths Mills is badly obstructed by snags. It is navigable to boats drawing 31/- feet at all stages of water to Jeffreys Creek (mile 89); above this the river is not navigable, due to obstructions. The existing project was completed in 1909 at a saving of $51.632.96 under the estimated cost. The total costs to date amount to $183,712.41 for new work and $145,870.99 for maintenance, a total of $329,583.40. The total expenditures to date amount to $329,558.40. Proposed operations.-With the unexpended balance of $5,541.60, July 1, 1928, it is proposed to snag the river up to mile 88. The work will be done by Government plant and hired labor. The rate of ex- penditure will be about $2,000 per month while work is in progress. It is expected that funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1929. The amount which can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 '($5,000), will be used for snagging as needed, using Government plant and hired labor. Com~,ercial statistics.-The commerce downstreamn consisted of barged logs and lumber and some farm products, and that upstream of fertilizer, construction material, and miscellaneous merchandise. RIVERS AND HARBORS CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 627 The limits of drafts for towboats and lighters using the stream were 8 feet and under. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1923_ . 31, 827 ....-------------------.... $178, 496 1926 --------------------- 70, 722 $499,823 1924 90, 399 .........--------------------- 343,706 1927---------------------90, 811 688,555 1925..................---------------------69, 410 1, 334,609 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928------------------ $183, 712.41 ,Cost of maintenance to June '30, 1928------------ ---------- 145, 870. 99 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928----------- 329, 583.40 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928 ------------------------- 25. 00 Net total expenditures----------- ----- -- 329, 558. 40 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928---------------------------- 5, 541.60 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 -------- 335, 100. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 '1928 Cost of new work---------------------------------- -Cost of maintenance------------------...................---...................--.......- ------------------------ $583. 40 Total expended.......---------------------- $3, 144. 32 $5, 986. 30 $4, 480. 97 $33. 35 558.40 Allotted-------_ ------------------ 6,200.00 4,000.00------ 3,600.00 2, 500.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927--------- ------- $3, 600.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928 ------------------------------------------- 2, 500. 00 Net amount to be accounted for_...... __- _----____ 6,100. 00 ,Gross amount expended -------------------------- $1,902.63 Less receipts from sales---------------------1,344.23 558. 40 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928--______________-___ 5,541.60 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928________________--_____ ___ 283. 82 Balance available June 30, 1928_ ..... __-- - - - - 5, 257. 78 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance -------------------------------- 5, 000.00 4. MINGO CREEK, S. C. Location and description.-This stream rises in the northern part of Villiamsburg County, S. C., at a point about 12 miles east of Kingstree, flows in a southeasterly direction about 45 miles, in Wil- liamsburg and Georgetown Counties, and empties into Black River at a point about 25 miles above the mouth of the latter and about 30 miles by water from Georgetown, S. C. The head of navigation is 2Exclusive of available funds. 628 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 regarded as being 31 miles above the mouth. (See 1. S. Geological Survey map of South Carolina, 1913.) Original condition.-Prior to beginning of improvement in 1888, the channel was of the following dimensions at low water: At least 150 feet wide and 10 feet deep from its mouth to Rhems Landing (T miles above the mouth); 120 feet wide and 7 feet deep from Rhems Landing to Hemmingway Bridge (11 miles above the mouth); 80 feet wide and 5 feet deep from Hemmingway Bridge to Williams Landing (13 miles above the mouth); and 3 to 4 feet deep from Wil- liams Landing to the head of navigation, 31 miles above the mouth. The river was somewhat obstructed by logs, snags, and overhang- ing trees, but was navigated regularly to Rhems Landing and occa- sionally to Hemmingway Bridge by a steamer of 80 tons burden. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 11, 1888. Total cost and expenditures prior to commencement of work under the existing project amounted to $17,600, of which $17,000 was for new work and $600 for mainte- nance. For scope of previous projects, see page 1807, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.This provides for a channel 60 feet wide and 8 feet deep at mean low water, from the mouth of Hemmingway Bridge, 11 miles, by making four short cut-offs. The rise of tide is 2 feet and freshet rise 41/2 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1910, was $22,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $400. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 782, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). Recommended modifications of pioject.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, provided that the necessary right of way for cut-offs be furnished free of cost to the General Government. The conditions imposed were complied with in full. Terminal facilities.--The wharves and landings are sufficient for the commerce, present and prospective. Effect of improvement.-There has been no effect on freight rates, by rail or water, but the improvement has greatly facilitated vessel movement. Boats of deeper draft can now navigate the stream. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done on this stream, as none was needed. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1913 at a saving of $9,950 under the estimate of cost. The project depth and width obtain throughout. The total cost to date amounts to $12,050 for new work and $750 for maintenance, a total of $12,800. The total expenditures to date amount to $12,800. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is con- templated during the fiscal years ending June 30, 1929, or June 30, 1930. No further reports will be submitted. Commercial statistics.-The commerce was chiefly lumber, logs, cotton, rosin, turpentine, foodstuffs, and miscellaneous general mer- chandise. It was carried by boats and barges drawing 3 to 8 feet. Regular river steamer service has been discontinued, but, it is be- lieved, will be put in operation again. RIVERS AND HARBORS CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 629 Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value 1924 1---.... .......... ---------------------------------------... ...------------------- ... 19, 430 $640,115 1925- -. . ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- 17, 537 604,152 1926... -------------------------------------------------------------- 13, 520 137, 496 1927... -------------------------------------------------------------- 18, 085 230, 620 1No information available for 5 years previous. Passengers, none. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928_ ____-------_____-__- ___-$29, 050 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 _________----------------- 1, 350 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 ------------- 30, 400 Net total expenditures --------------------------------------- 30, 400 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928--------------------- 30, 400 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work .........................----- --------- --....................... Cost of maintenance ........ . -......--........--- ..... _..--- . ------------------ Total expended. __--------------------- ------------ $750.00 Allotted--__- - -_ -- .--- _----...-- - __.-_- 750.00 5. WATERWAY FROM CHARLESTON TO WINYAH BAY, S. C. Location and description.--The present waterway consists of creeks, sounds, rivers, and bays, beginning at the Charleston Har- bor entrance of The Cove behind Sullivans Island; thence it passes through sundry creeks, Bullyard Sound, and Hickory Bay to Sewee Bay; thence by creeks to Harbor River; thence by Matthews Cut to mouth of Town Creek, which connects the waterway with McClellan- ville, 1 mile distant from it. From the mouth of Town Creek it continues via Clubhouse Creek to the lower end of Dupree Creek; thence through Skrine, Casino, Alligator, and Four Mile Creeks to North Santee River; thence through the Estherville-Minim Creek Canal to Winyah Bay at a point 8 miles below Georgetown. The route is tidal throughout and is for the most part sheltered from the sea. The present route has shortened the total distance about 221/2 miles, making the distance from Charleston to McClellanville 421/2 miles, to Winyah Bay 65 miles, and to Georgetown 74 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 1239 and 153.) Original condition.-This waterway was obstructed by a number of narrow, crooked passages and shallow reaches, particularly at points where the tides meet. The passages across Bulls Bay and from Romain.River to Alligator Creek were much exposed, and the former was very shallow. The minimum usable low-water depth was about 1 foot; the minimum width was about 30 feet. Only very small vessels could get through without excessive delays. The dis- tance by the original route from Charleston to the mouth of Mos- quito Creek on Winyah Bay was about 86 miles, and to Georgetown '630 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 961/2 miles. The Bulls Bay section was abandoned in favor of the more sheltered but longer creek route. The distance from McClel- lanville to Georgetown by the original route was 56 miles. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 4 feet deep at mean low water and 60 feet wide at bottom between Charleston Harbor and Minim Creek, with a branch channel of the same dimen- sions to Morrisons Landing in McClellanville, and for a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water and '70 feet wide from the mouth of Minim Creek to Winyah Bay. The mean tidal range is 3.5 to 5.1 feet, according to locality. The estimate of cost for new work, re- vised in 1928, is $486,800. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $30,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for the chan- nel from Minim Creek to Winyah Bay (Annual Report for 1889, p. 1184); the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the channel from Charleston to a point opposite McClellanville (H. Doc. No. 84, 56th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1900, p. 1908); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the branch channel to McClellanville (Annual Report for 1903, p. 1133); the act of March 2, 1919, pro- vided for extending the channel to Minim Creek and thence through the Estherville-Minim Creek Canal to Winyah Bay (H. Doc. No. 178, 63d Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of March 3, 1925, provided for the cut across the Santee delta at Four Mile Creek (H. Doc. No. 237, 68th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published maps see two last-nramed documents. Recommended modifcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.--The conditions imposed by the river and har. bor acts requiring that all land needed for the improvement should be furnished free of cost to the Government have been complied with ' Terminal facilities--There is a wharf on Owendaw Creek owned by an oyster-canning factory and used for its work. The wharf at McClellanville was destroyed by a storm. Two landings on the Estherville-Minim Creek Canal are on the banks of the waterway. Landings are also made at convenient places alongs the waterway and creeks and bays connecting with it. The facilities are sufficient for the present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facili- ties see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2nd sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement by changing a very long, narrow, shallow, and exposed route to a shorter usable channel 4 feet deep and 60 feet wide has benefited a section without rail service and has added to the commerce of Charleston and George- town. It also reduced for light-draft boats the former length of the outside passage caused by the gap in the intracoastal waterway. . Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. hydraulic pipe-line dredge Congaree was rented from the Jacksonville, Fla., district and began operations in November, 1927, at the mouth of the Estherville-Minim Creek Canal. Four Mile Creek, Alligator- Casino Cut Casino Creek, Clubhouse Creek, Salt Pond Creek, and a new route through Sewee Bay were next dredged in the order named. By going through Sewee Bay, a longer route, which was obstructed RIVERS AND HARBORS CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 631 in many places by shoals, has been avoided and a considerable saving in annual maintenance charges will result. During the fiscal year the Congaree removed 775,455 cubic yards of material. The Congaree could not complete the dredging in Four Mile Creek on ac- count of the large number of stumps and roots. This work was therefore completed by the U. S. snag boat Wateree which removed 29,542 cubic yards of roots and mud, and 65 large stumps and logs. The snag boat Wateree also removed 1,000 cubic yards of material from Breach Inlet Creek, a tributary of the waterway, under au- thority of Section I of the river and harbor act approved July 25, 1912. The total costs during the year were $95,721.33 for dredging, office expenses, care of plant, etc., all chargeable to maintenance. The total expenditures during the year were $86,195.10. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project has been completed but continuous dredging is necessary to maintain the project di- mensions. At the end of the fiscal year the route had been shortened about 6 miles by the cut-off through Sewee Bay and cut-offs in Salt Pond and Casino Creeks, reducing the distance from Charleston to Georgetown to 73 miles. The route, in general, -now has the project depth of 4 feet in the center of the channel, except in Bull- yard Sound and in Alligator Creek, where the depth is 3 feet; but channel widths are less than the project dimension of 60 feet in Sullivans Island Cove and Narrows. Hamlin Creek. Graham Creek, and Salt Pond Creek. The Estherville-Minim Creek Canal is about 84 per cent completed, the controlling dimensions being 4 feet deep and 50 feet wide. The work remaining to be done consists of obtain- ing project dimensions in the Estherville-Minim Creek Canal. The total costs to date amount to $435.213.16 for new work. and $254,130.81 for maintenance, a total of $689,343.97. The total expenditures to date amount to $679,817.74. Proposed operations.-With the unexpended balance of $31,795.62, July 1, 1928, it is proposed to pay all outstanding liabilities and use the available balance for dredging through Meeting Reach and re- moving shoals as may be necessary, using Government plant and hired labor. The rate of expenditure is estimated at $12,000 per month while work is in progress. It is expected that all funds will be exhausted June 30, 1929. The amount which can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($30,000), will be used for maintenance dredging of the whole route, using Government plant and hired labor or by contract as may be more economical. Commercial statistics-The commerce consisted mainly of lumber, logs, oyster-factory products, canned oysters and oyster shells, lime, miscellaneous general merchandise, and fertilizer. It was carried by small gasoline boats and lighters drawing 3 to 6 feet. The project serves a coastal section where no railroads exist, is a link in the inland waterway, and is used by many northern yachts in their trips to southern waters. The tonnage has increased this year and last year to a marked degree over that of 1924 and 1925, due chiefly to the gradual shorten- ing of the route by dredging, 632 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 19231---------__ 99,124 $962,043 630 1926-........ 56,172 $1,317,,253 63,785 1924 ---------- 36, 867 1,192, 559 2 39, 750 1927.---------- 80, 672 2, 171, 493 132, 692 1925---------- 29, 115 1,451,919 44, 742 Revised to include traffic in Esthervil'e, Minim Creek section. 2Includes passengers from Army post at Fort Moultrie, S. C. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 ----------- __-____ ___ $435, 213.16 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928----------------------- 254, 130. 81 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928_ __.____ -- 689, 343. 97 _---____ Add accounts receivable June 30, 1928_-- ---- ___-___-_ 544.62 Gross total costs to June 30, 1928-__- ---- ___ ___- 689, 888. 59 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928_________________ ____ 10, 070. 85 Net total expenditures ---- ------------------------- 79, 817. 74 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928---- ___-----_ 31, 795. 62 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-_______- 711, 613.36 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost ofnew work-..................... Cost of maintenance......--.--- - -------- -- ------ ------ $95, 721. 33 ............----.......... Total expended----------------------$37, 919. 02 $40, 654. 20 $21,693. 47 $49, 392. 16 $86, 195. 10 Allotted...............-------------------------................---47,000.00 27,000.00 61,200.00 20,000.00 84,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927_---------__ -- ___----- -__$33, 990. 72 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 23, 1928-------------------$24, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved February 23, 1927--_-...... __ 60,000. 00 84, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for-....__.____ -__--- - 117, 990. 72 Gross amount expended___-- ------------ 86, 872. 27 Less receipts from sales ....-------------------------- 677. 17 86, 195. 10 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 -----___-______-___-----_ 31, 795. 62 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928 ---------------------- 15, 502. 51. Balance available June 30, 1928-- --- - -__ -16, 293. 11 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1 ___ _______- _____-___- - - 51, 600. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- 30, 000. 00 6. SANTEE RIVER, S. C. Location and description.-The Santee River is formed by the con- fluence of the Congaree and Wateree Rivers, about 30 miles south- east of Columbia, S. C. It flows generally southeast for 143 miles 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS -CHARLESTON S. C.: DISTRICT 633 and enters the Atlantic Ocean about 10 miles north of Cape Romain. Its drainage area, including that of the Wateree and Congaree Rivers, is 15,700 square miles. At Greenland Swamp, 90 miles from the mouth, the low-water discharge is about 4,500 second;feet. The mean discharge is about 12,500 second-feet. The tidal reach at low water is to Lenuds Ferry, 38 miles from the mouth. The average fall per mile is 3 inches. The average width is 480 feet. (See U. S. Geo- logical Survey map of South Carolina, 1913.) Original condition.-This river was much obstructed throughout its length by snags, logs, and overhanging trees. The width ranged from 200 to 500 feet, and the least depth was 3 feet. Its bar entrance was narrow, crooked, and shifting, and so situated as to be very diffi- cult and expensive to improve. It had less than 5 feet of depth at low tide, with a tidal variation of 31/2 feet. The river was navigated by several small steamers (drawing 4 feet or less) from the sea to the junction of the rivers, and thence to Columbia on the Congaree or to Camden on the Wateree River. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1881. Total cost and expenditures prior to commencing work under the existing project amounted to $99,750, all of which was for new work in Mosquito Creek Canal lead- ing to Winyah Bay. For scope of previous project see page 1808 of Annual Report for 1915. Eisting project.-The existing project provides for snagging the entire river. The plane of reference for the lower river is mean low water, the tidal rise being 31/2 feet. Tidal action extends to Lenuds Ferry, 38 miles from the mouth. For the upper river the plane of reference is ordinary low water, the variation in water level being 19 feet at the Atlantic Coast Line bridge, 541/2 miles above the mouth, and 20 feet at the junction of the Congaree and Wateree Rivers. The distance from the head of the river to Georgetown is 152 miles-139 miles by river, 5 miles in the Estherville-Minim Creek canal, and 8 miles in Winyah Bay. The project is one for maintenance and existing commerce does not justify any expenditures. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved September 19, 1890. Annual Report for 1889, p. 1184.) For outline map of the river see Annual Report for 1889, page 1186. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are practically no terminal facilities. Small sheds have been constructed at a few landings as a protection to freight. They are privately owned. Effect of improvement.-The improvement by providing the canal connecting Winyah Bay and Santee River greatly benefited navi- gation, not only of the Santee River and through it of the Congaree River but opened the way for traffic through the inland waterways southward. River navigation, formerly connecting Columbia, S. C., with northern markets through ocean steamers at Georgetown, S. C., has recently been confined to the lower portion of the river and has consisted chiefly of logs and lumber. Operationsand reuts during fiscal year.-No work was done dur- ing the fiscal year on account of lack of commerce. 634 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The river is thought to be greatly obstructed by snags and logs. The tidal section of the river has a controlling depth of 3.9 feet at mean low tide. The records of the gauge at Ferguson (971/4 miles above the canal) for the past 161/2 years show that the river stage has been not less than 3.7 feet for 98 per cent of the time, and this corresponds to a navigable depth of 6 feet. The total costs to date amount to $164,741.67, all chargeable to maintenance. The total expenditures to date amount to $164,741.67. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is con- templated during the fiscal years ending June 30, 1929, and June 30, 1930. Commercial statistics.-The traffic consisted mostly of barged logs, lumber, crossties, and oyster shell, a large amount of which passed through the canal from the inland waterway. Limits of drafts for tugboats with barges and other freight-carrying boats were 4 to 6 feet. Small boats and yachts, of which there are large numbers. carried a draft of 6 feet and under. The large decrease is due to cessation of logging operations on Santee River by several of the lumber companies at Georgetown. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1923.----------...... 65, 983 $345,850 253 1926 . . --... 26, 779 $434,564 - 1924 ......---------- 228, 151 1, 217, 688 275 1927 - - - - 22, 883 667, 692 3, 070, 1925-------- ........ 40, 460 500, 520 36 Cost and finano4iil summary Cost of new work to June 30 1928---------------------------- $99. 750. 0G Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 741.67 1-------------------------64, Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------264, 491. 67 Net total expenditures ---------------------------------------- 264, 491. 67 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928---------------------264. 491. 67 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1928 1927 1928 Cost of new work..- - Cost of maintenance .- - - Total expended -.. _.__. -_... .. -....- $14, 052. 06 $6,107. 23 $8, 263. 13 $8, 034. 82 - - Allotted----- -~~--_-. . 2,000.00 11,500.00 3,000.00 8,400.00 7. CONGAREE RIVER, S. C. Location and description.-This river is formed by the confluence of the Broad and Saluda Rivers, 1 mile above Columbia, S. C.. and flows southeasterly 52 miles, there uniting with the Wateree River to form the Santee River. Its drainage area and that of its tribu- taries is 8,312 square miles. The 1dw-water discharge at the mouth is about 3,300 second-feet; the high-water discharge at extreme flood RIVERS AND HARBORS CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 635 exceeds 315,000 second-feet. The operation of power dams on the Broad and Saluda Rivers and other tributaries cause variation in flow affecting low-water depths on the shoals near Columbia. The current is moderate, except for the upper 3 miles, where it is rapid, having a fall of 20 feet. For the remainder of its course the average fall per mile is 0.8 foot. The average width is 390 feet. (See U. S. Geological Survey map of South Carolina, 1913.) Original condition.-This stream had a low-water depth of 3 to 4 feet from its mouth to the railroad bridge at Columbia; thence 1 foot low-water depth 2 miles farther to its head. Navigation of the lower 49 miles was blocked at all stages of water by the Southern Railway Co.'s bridge, 5 miles from the mouth, and by sunken logs, snags, and overhanging trees. Navigation of the remaining 2 miles was pre- vented by swift currents and numerous rock ledges and bowlders. The head of navigation was Columbia, S. C., 51 miles above the mouth, but there was no commerce on the river. Previous projects.-None by the United States Government. The State of South Carolina did some improvement work prior to 1850. Existing project.-This provides for a 4-foot navigable channel over the lower 49 miles of the river, to be secured by dredging and bank protection, and for the construction of a lock and dam to extend deep water to Gervais street Bridge, Columbia, S. C. The usual variation in water surface due to freshets is about 24 feet at the mouth of the river and is about 33 feet at Columbia, the plane of reference being ordinary low water. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1925, is $514,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. Data concerning the lock and dam are as follows: Location, 2 miles below Gervais Street, Columbia, S. C., 49 miles above mouth of river. Lock dimensions: Feet Length between miter sills .....- ___ ____--_____---------_ 170 Clear width---------------------------------------------------- 55 Lift------------------------------------------------------------ 10 Depth on miter sills at now water---------------------------------- 6 Character of foundation, ledge granite. Kind of dam, movable. Chanoine wickets. Original structure completed 1904; alterations 1914. Cost to date: Original structure__ __ -------------------------- $225, 000 Alterations--------------------------------------------- 56,000 Total ----------------------------------------------- 281,000 Completed, 1914. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor ,acts: The act of August 3, 1886, provided for the improve- ment of the lower 49 miles (H. Ex. Doc. No. 254, 48th Cong. 2d sess. and Annual Report for 1885 p. 1140); the act of March 3, 1899, authorized the construction of the lock and dam (H. Doc. No. 66, 53d Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1896, p. 1183); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for rebuilding the dam and raising th, crest (H. Doc. No. 608, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of Augst , 1917, provided for bank protection (H. Doc. No. 702, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). For outline map see Annual Report for 1889, page 1194. 636 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is at Granby Landing, 2 miles belon Columbia, a landing connected by a tramway with a shed located above the freshet line. It is privately owned and adequate for the business of the owner. There are no public terminals on the river. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement enabled Columbia, S. C., to reach northern markets through connection at Georgetown, S. C., with coastwise steamers to the benefit of both wholesale and re- tail trade over portions of North and South Carolina and Georgia The actual saving in freight rates by all-water routes to Columbia was from 24 to 27 per cent as compared with rates by water and rail between the same points. No boat service has been maintained in recent years. The operating company, the Columbia Railway & Navigation Co., complained of difficulties due to irregular wave ac- tion from power plant, and the suspension of Clyde Line service, and interruption of service of Baltimore & Carolina Steamship Co. to Georgetown prevented the favorable rates which had obtained through agreement with this line. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The total cost during the fiscal year was less than the reimburse- ments, and shows a minus balance of $29,170.21. The total expenditures minus $29,183.12. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 71 per cent completed, the work remaining to complete consisting of the revet- ting of about 20,000 feet of the banks in the vicinity of Congaree and Gill Creeks, beginning about 5 miles below Columbia. That portion of the project which covers the construction of a lock and dam and dredging to secure a 4-foot channel has been completed. The lock and dam were first completed in 1904. The dam having been dam- aged by a flood in 1908, was rebuilt and raised 2 feet; and necessary alterations were made to the lock; this work was completed in 1914. The channel has been dredged from time to time. When last inves- tigated, in 1917, a channel .4 feet deep except at the lowest stages existed from the mouth of the river to the foot of Senate Street in Columbia, S. C., using the lock and dam. Navigation has tem- porarily ceased on the river and the lock and dam are therefore not operated at present. The total cost of the existing project to date amounts to $364,- 823.87 for new work and $320,401.52 for maintenance, a total of $685,225.39. The total expenditures on the existing project amounted to $685,212.48. Proposed openations.-No operations will be carried on until navi- gation of the river is resumed. Existing funds are adequate for the maintenance of floating plant and other property belonging to the improvement and will be used for that purpose during the fiscal year 1929. It not expected that any additional funds can be profitably expnded during the fiscal year 1930. Commercial statistics.-No operations are reported for this river. Logs are being moved to saw mills by trucks. RIVERS AND HARBORS CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 637 Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1922.---------------------- 5, 830 $13,580 1924 ..................----------------------- 500 $1,750 ---------------------- 1923__ 5, 000 10,000 1926 --- 500 1,750 1927 ... ----------- 1924...................-----------------------... ---------------- Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928------------------------ $364, 823.87 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------ 320, 401.52 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 ------------- 685, 225. 39 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928________-_________________ 12. 91 Net total expenditures________---------- ------- 685, 212. 48 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 13, 068. 79 1_____------------------- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-------------- 698, 281.27 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work.... Cost of maintenance ___---------- - ----------- I.......... ------------ _ _-- -$29, 170. 21 Total expended--........---------------------. $2, 875. 38 $3, 789. 12 $3, 154. 53 $6, 030. 77 -29, 183. 12 Allotted..........-------------------------------------------------..........----------------............ -29, 017. 37 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927--------------------------------- $12, 903.04 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment- 29, 017. 37 Net amount to be accounted for__-___ -__________- -- _ 16, 114.33 Gross amount expended --- ___----$1, 607. 40 Less receipts from sales _______-- -- ___-______ __ 30, 790. 52 --29, 183. 12 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928---....------ 13, 068. 79 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928 ______________________ - __ 12. 91 Balance available June 30, 1928____________ ________ 13, 055. 88 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ----------------- 149, 000. 00 8. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCK AND DAM ACROSS CONGAREE RIVER, NEAR COLUMBIA, S. C. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Congaree River, S. C. See pages 634 to 637 of this report, where general information regarding the im- provement can be found. The work carried on is the maintenance of the lock and dam mentioned on page 635. The completed lock and dam has been maintained under the permanent indefinite ap- propriation since April 7, 1906. Opeiations and results during fiscal y ear.-No work was done, as none was needed. 1Exclusive of available funds. 638 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 The total cost during the year amounted to $70.84 for general care of property stored at Charleston, S. C., office expenses, etc., all chargeable to maintenance. The total expenditures during the fiscal year were $70.84. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The lock and dam are completed but were placed out of commission in August, 1920; the maneuver boat and all other property have been sold or removed and the buildings are being rented. The total cost to date amounts to $108;574.10, all chargeable to maintenance. The total expenditures to date amount to $108,574.10. Proposed operations.-Repairs sufficient to prevent deterioration will be made from the permanent indefinite appropriation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. 9. CHARLESTON HARBOR, S. C. Location and description.-This harbor is on the coast of South Carolina, about 15 miles southerly of the middle point of the coast line, 50 miles southwest of Winyah Bay, S. C., and 80 miles north- east of the mouth of the Savannah River. It is formed by a bay at the mouth of the Cooper and Ashley Rivers, and is practically land- locked by outlying seacoast islands and portions of the mainland. The city of Charleston lies on a peninsula between the two rivers, 71/2 miles from the ocean bar; the United States navy yard is located on Cooper River 8 miles above its confluence with Ashley River, and the United States port terminals about 2 miles above the navy yard. The total area of the harbor from the northern limits of the city to the gorge between Forts Sumter and Moultrie is about 8 square miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 1239 and 470.) Original condition.-Outer harbor: There were four channels across the bar, the deepest having about 12 feet depth at low water. When construction of present jetties began commerce was using the Pumpkin Hill Channel, about 3 miles south of the present channel. Where the present jetty channel is situated there was then the Swash Channel, with a best depth of 10 feet of water, too crooked for safe use. The natural channels were shifting in position and vari- able in depth and width. Inner harbor: The condition of the inner harbor did not differ markedly from that which now obtains. Previous projects.-The first project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 30, 1852. Subsequent river and harbor acts affecting the projects for the harbor are as follows: June 18, 1878, and August 11, 1886, involving construction of jetties and dredging. March 3, 1899, provided for not less than 26 feet at mean low water and 600 feet wide to be obtained by dredging. June 25, 1910, increasing depth over the bar to 28 feet at mean low water and a channel 500 feet wide between the jetties and 1,000 feet wide beyond them. August 8, 1917, increasing depth over the bar to 30 feet at mean low water. July 18, 1918, provided for dredging a channel 40 feet deep at mean low water and 1,000 feet wide from the sea to the navy yard. The total cost and expenditures under all previous projects amount to $6,988,444.61, of which $6,586,455.11 was for new work, and RIVERS AND HARBORS CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 639 $401,989.50 was for maintenance. Of the expenditure for new work $1,032,254.09 was applied to work on the 40-foot project adopted by the 1918 act. For further details of previous projects, see page 1808 of Annual Report for 1915, and page 579, Annual Report for 1926. Existing project.-This provides for commercial purposes a chan- nel 30 feet deep, 1,000 feet wide, from the sea to the inner end of the jetties, thence 600 feet wide to the navy yard, and thence 400 feet wide to Goose Creek, with a turning basin 700 feet wide at the port terminals, together with a channel 30 feet deep at mean low water and 500 feet wide through Town Creek, at a total estimated cost of $314,000 for new work, with $95,000 annually for maintenance. The project also provides for a 40-foot channel 1,000 feet wide from the lightship to the inner ends of the jetties, these jetties to be of stone on log mattress foundation, the north jetty having a length of 15,443 feet and the south jetty 19,104 feet, thence 600 feet wide to the south pier at the navy yard, and thence 1,000 feet wide to the commandant's wharf, at an estimated first cost of $3,603,000 and $250,000 annually for maintenance, both figures being additional to the estimates for the commercial project given above; and that it be considered as a national defense rather than a commercial measure and be prosecuted only as found necessary in the interest of national defense. The above estimates were made in 1925, and are exclusive of expenditures on previous projects. The mean tidal range is 5.2 feet, though this is increased to 7 or 8 feet under the influence of northeast winds or storms of long duration. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of January 21, 1927 (H. Doc. No. 249, 69th Cong., 1st sess.), and is a modification of the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 18, 1878, provided for the two jetties and for auxiliary dredging (Annual Report for 1878, pp. 553-572); the act of August 8, 1917, provided for increase in depth to 30 feet, with a width of 500 feet between the jetties and 1,000 feet seaward thereof (H. Doc. No. 288, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) ; and the act of July 18, 1918, provided for the 40-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 1946, 64th Cong., 2d sess., Pt. I, pp. 21-29, 57, 58, and 64-68). The latest published maps are printed in House Document No. 249, Sixty-ninth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of December 1, 1924, the Chief of Engineers recommended that this project be modified to the extent of providing for dredging to a depth of 30 feet at mean low water an irregular area in Cooper River opposite the foot of Calhoun Street, Charleston, at an estimated cost of $25,000, with no estimate for annual maintenance (See H. Doc. No. 480, 68th Cong., 2d sess.). Local cooperation.-The 30-foot depth authorized by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, in accordance with the report published in House Document No. 288, Sixty-second Congress, second session, was " subject to the condition that local interests furnish evidence satisfactory to the Secretary of War that they will provide terminal facilities commensurate with the needs of the port." This condition 14710---ENG 1928-41 640 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 has been met, the approval of the Secretary of War being dated November 8, 1917. The act of July 18, 1918, provided that the 40-foot channel up to the navy yard should not be undertaken "until the proposed new dry docks at this navy yard, carrying a depth of 40 feet of water over the blocks, has been authorized." This dock was authorized in the naval appropriation act approved July 1, 1918 (40 Stat. L., p. 725). The act of January 21, 1927, provides that local interests shall furnish without cost to the United States suitable dumping grounds for the disposal of dredged material. Terminal facilities.-Piersand slips extend for about 1 mile along the eastern water front of the city of Charleston, and an additional mile is covered by marginal wharves. A number of these piers and wharves are owned by railroads and steamship companies and are used practically for their own business. The Port Utilities Commis- sion of the city of Charleston owns the terminals at Columbus Street, a large pier near Market Street, and two piers at Tradd Street. It also owns and operates the belt-line railway serving all wharves and warehouses and connecting with trunk lines entering the city. Its wharves are open to the public on a charge basis. The commission has made extensive improvements at its terminal property and piers. Modern facilities exist also at the coal pier of the Southern Railway and at the property of the Charleston Dry Dock & Machine Co. The Clyde Steamship Co. and the Seaboard Air Line Railway Co. have mechanical unloaders at their wharves. On the Cooper River above the navy yard a compress and ware- house company has a marginal wharf 700 feet long; and about 10 miles from the city the port terminals, built for Army purposes and to some extent still so used, are now leased by the Port Utilities Com- mission of the city from the United States Shipping Board for commercial purposes. A 27-foot channel leads to these marginal wharves, 2,030 feet long, where modern facilities exist for transfer of freight between ships and railroads, and extensive warehouses and rail connections are provided. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No 652, Sixty-sixth Congress, second session. For terminal facilities on the Ashley River water front see report on Ashley River. Effect of improvement.-The deeper and straighter channels have permitted the use of the port by larger vessels in regular commerce. At high tide 33 feet draft can be carried over the bar now as com- pared with only 17 feet prior to the improvement. Because of its accessibility to deep-draft vessels, Charleston enjoys the full benefit of the order of the United States Shipping Board, effective March 28, 1925, which placed southern ports on a parity with northern ports as to freight rates to foreign countries. The port is an open one all year, and storage charges at the public terminals operated by the city are extremely low and inviting to shippers. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The north custom- house pier was extended by the addition of a creosoted timber struc- ture, 200 feet long and 30 feet wide, in order to accommodate the RIVERS AND HARBORS CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 641 fleet of the United States Coast Guard and the increased amount of Engineer plant used in the district. The work was done by contract and was completed December 8, 1927. The U. S. seagoing dredge Savannah rented from the Savannah, Ga., district was oper- ated from February 27, to June 9, 1928. in removing 586,088 cubic yards of material from the entrance channel. The shoal on the outer bar is hard and compact and the remainder of the dredging necessary can be done more economically with a plant having a heavier drag. The U. S. hydraulic pipe-line dredge Henry Bacon began work in Cooper River opposite the navy yard on June 29, 1928, removing 10,666 cubic yards of material in the two remaining days of the fiscal year. The customhouse slips were dredged by private plant and 2,819 cubic yards of material removed. The cost of new work was $8,332.39 for dredging in Cooper River, and $314.74 for surveys, office expenses, etc., a total of $8,647.13. The cost of maintenance included $43,477.75 for dredging in the entrance channel; $704.95 for dredging in the customhouse slips; $13.489.28 for extending customhouse pier 200 feet; and $1,648.37 for office expenses, surveys, etc., the total amount being $60,320.35. The total combined cost of new work and maintenance amounted to $68,967.48. The total expenditures during the fiscal year were $80,799.55. Under authority of section 1 of the river and harbor act approved July 25, 1912, an allotment of $500 was made June 30, 1928 for the removal of certain obstructions in Cooper River, the lower reaches of which form a part of Charleston Harbor. No work has yet been done. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The jetties protecting the entrance channel across the bar were completed in 1895. The north jetty is 15,443 feet long and the south jetty 19,104 feet long; the distance between their axes at the outer end is 2,900 feet, and their height, as originally built, was 12 feet above mean low water for the greater part of their length. Surveys show that there is a channel 30 feet deep and 800 feet wide from the lightship to the outer end of the jetties, and 600 feet wide to the commandant's wharf at the navy yard, thence a channel carying from 27 to 30 feet deep and 400 feet wide to the port terminals. Town Creek, which is now part of the project, has a channel in general 28 feet deep and 300 feet wide. At the north entrance the channel is divided by a narrow shoal of 17 feet at mean low water. The stonework of the customhouse piers has greatly deteriorated and in some places has collapsed due to failure of the foundation. As a result of dredging done by the Navy Department under the naval appropriation act of August 29, 1916, a channel 30 feet deep at all stages, 600 feet wide in straight reaches and increased to 1,000 feet at bends extending from deep water in Cooper River to the United States navy yard, passing to the east of Drum Island, was completed. Dredging done in connection with the construction of the Army supply base at North Charleston provided a channel 30 feet deep at mean low water with a varying width of 400 to 800 feet from the navy yard to above the supply base, a distance of 31/2 642 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 miles. Work remaining to be done consists of widening the channel between the jetties to 1,000 feet, dredging a channel 30 feet deep and 400 feet wide from the navy yard to Goose Creek, with a turning basin 700 feet wide at the port terminals, and dredging the channel in Town Creek 30 feet deep and 500 feet wide. The costs to date amount to $8,647.13 for new work and $60,320.35 for maintenance, a total of $68,967.48. The total expenditures to date amount to $80,799.55. Proposed operations.-With the unexpended balance of $206,591.84, July 1, 1928, it is proposed to pay outstanding liabilities and use the available balance for securing by dredging a 30-foot channel for com- miercial purposes in accordance with the latest approved project, in Town Creek and in that part of the Cooper River extending from the navy yard to Goose Creek, with a turning basin at the port ter- xninals, and for such maintenance work as may be necessary. The new work is estimated to cost $150,000 and will be done with a hy- draulic pipe-line dredge, by Government plant or by contract as may be found to be the more economical. The customhouse wharf and the customhouse slip will be maintained at an estimated cost of $10,000, the work being done by contract. The rate of expenditure is esti- mated at $20,000 per month while work is in progress. It is expected that all funds will be exhausted June 30, 1929. The amount which can be profitably expended during the fiscal year end June 30, 1930 ($169,300), will be used for work on the new 30-foot project for Charleston Harbor and for such maintenance work as may be required. Of this amount $100,000 will be spent on new work in dredging the channel between the jetties to a width of 1,000 feet. The remainder, amounting to $69,300, will be used for maintenance dredging as may be necessary from the outer bar to Goose Creek and in the customhouse slip and for the maintenance of the customhouse wharf. The work will be done by Government plant or by contract as it is most economical. Commemcial statistics.-The exports of Charleston Harbor con- sisted mostly of cotton, cotton-factory products, lumber, coal, man- ufactured iron and steel articles, and some automobiles. The imports consisted mostly of jute, bagging, waste for paper making, petroleum products, cement, starch, and other general com- modities. The coastwise trade was principally cotton goods, shingles, lumber, coal, fuel oil, sulphur and fertilizer materials, and miscellaneous other articles. The foreign trade shows considerable gains in the shipment of cot- ton and smaller gains in other lines, but a very great decrease in the tonnage of coal due to the settling of the British coal strike. Coast- wise trade likewise shows a large decrease in the shipment of petro- leum products due to the unsettled conditions of the oil market ,during the past year. Vessels in foreign trade were from 20 to 32 feet draft, those in ,coastwise trade were from 15 to 31 feet draft, and those in local and internal trade consisted of steamers and gasoline boats of 12 feet d raft and under. RIVERS AND HARBORS CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 643 Comparativ(e statement Freight taken on or Floated logs and Ferry traffic across Cargoes in transit discharged by vessels lumber harbor Calendar Passen- year gers Short Value Short Value Short Value Short Value tons tons Value tons tons 1923 ... 1,944, 383 $224, 035, 937 169, 674 $684, 946 728, 709 $127, 715, 201 443, 256 1924_ __ 1, 882, 406 185, 467, 152 199,816 699, 356 1, 049,107 187, 723, 941 244, 371 1925_ 2, 831, 843! 202, 695, 179 331,890; 1, 161, 515 945, 223 162, 096, 646 535, 643 1926 __ 3, 032, 116; 209, 139, 611 214, 058 767, 837 61, 373 $50,792, 120 913, 041 160, 066, 609 564, 919 1927 _-- 2, 561, 431 198, 475, 042 218, 814 1, 531, 698 135,648 82, 182, 708 803, 477 140,759,089 794, 922 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 __________________- _____ $6, 595, 102. 24 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928---___------------- ---- - 462, 309. 85 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928----------7, 057, 412. 09 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928 ---------- 33, 809. 96 Net total cost to June 30, 1928__ 091, 222. 05 7____________-______-7, Add accounts receivable June 30, 1928_______________ ____ 10, 582. 45 Gross total costs to June 30, 1928______________________ 7, 101, 804. 50 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928 ________________________ 32, 560. 34 Net total expenditures__------- -- ___ - 7, 069, 244. 16 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928____________________________ 206, 591. 84 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-------------- 7, 275, 836. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work- - - - - -- - ' - -- --- --- -- -- -- -- $8,647.13 Cost of maintenance----------- ------------------------ . . . .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 60,320.35 Total cost . . - .....------------------- _. '- 68, 967. 48 Total expended .. _. . ............... . $87,332. 7 $36,925. 14 $62, 069. 95 1$143, 475. 74 80, 799. 55 Allotted-- - - - - -_- .- --.- - .-- __..... 83,870.00 200,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927------------- __ $87, 391. 39 Amount allot ed from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928-- -------------------------------------------- 200, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for---------------------------287, 391. 39 Gross amount expended-----------------------------$81, 267. 95 Less receipts from sales______________ ___________-- - - 468. 40 80, 799. 55 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928_--------------------- 206, 591. 84 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928----------------------------- 32, 982. 26 Balance available June 30, 1928-__-------------------___ 609. 58 173, Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 11 1-55. 30 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930: For new work 1------------------------------- 000. 00 For maintenance - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- --- -- --- --- -- -- - 69, 300. 00 Total 1---------------------- -169, - - 300. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. 2For completion of commercial project; does not include $3,603,000 for completion of national defense pro'ect. 644 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 10. ASHLEY RIVER, S. C. Location and description.-This river rises near Ridgeville, S. C., and flows southeasterly 40 miles, uniting with the Cooper River to form the harbor at Charleston, S. C. The drainage area is 320 square miles. The fluvial discharge at low water is 200 second-feet. The entire river is virtually a tidal estuary, and its lower stretch is a portion of Charleston Harbor. The average width, between banks in the lower stretch is 950 yards. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 1239 and 470.) Original condition.-The river was navigable for tugs, schooners of moderate size, and side-wheel steamers for 10 miles above the mouth, and for rafts and flatboats to Bacons Bridge, 30 miles above the mouth. The channel varies in width from 70 feet at Bacons Bridge to about 500 yards at the mouth in Charleston Harbor. This was reduced to 40 feet in width and 9 feet in depth at mean low water to Accabee Flats and to a minimum usable low-water depth of 6 feet at Cowhead Shoals, respectively 8 and 10 miles from the mouth. Previous project.-The original project was adopted by act of Congress approved June 14, 1880. The total cost and expenditures amounted to $5,500. (For further details of previous project see p. 1809, Annual Report, 1915.) Existing project.-This provides for a channel 20 feet deep at mean low water and 240 feet wide up to the Standard Wharf, about 71/4 miles. The mean tidal variation is about 5.6 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1912 was $51,150, exclusive of the amount expended under previous project. The latest (1928) ap- proved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 4, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). For latest map of improved section see House Document No. 1810, Sixty-fourth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The facilities extend 51/2 miles above the municipal wharf at Tradd Street, and include the United States lighthouse wharf, Ashepoo Fertilizer Wharf, Planters Fertilizer Wharf, and the Chicora and the Standard Wharves of the Virginia- Carolina Chemical Co. The four last named are equipped with mechanical unloading devices. Since the principal business on this river is the mixing of fertilizers, these terminals are adequate for existing commerce on this river. (For a full description of terminal 'facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-No effect on marine freight rates. The improvement has greatly facilitated vessel movement. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. hydraulic pipe-line dredge Creighton was rented from the Savannah (Ga.) district and dredged a shoal near the Seaboard Air Line Railway trestle in August, 1927, removing 36,120 cubic yards of material. The total cost during the fiscal year amounted to $3.800.90 all chargeable to maintenance. The total expenditures were $3,800.90. RIVERS AND HARBORS CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 645 Condition at end of fiscal year.-Dredging for, the original project was completed in 1913. The channel has less than project width it some places. The existing project was completed in 1913 at the esti- mated cost. The cost to date amounts to $51,150 for new work and $25,118.32, for maintenance, a total of $76,268.32. The total expenditures to date amount to $76,268.32. Proposed operations.-With the unexpended balance of $1,881.68, July 1, 1928, it is proposed to pay all outstanding liabilities and care of property, etc., as may be necessary. The amount which can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($9,000), will be applied to maintenance dredging, using Government plant and hired labor or by contract as may be more economical. There are two shoals in the Ashley River which have to be dredged periodically. It is estimated that the dredg- ing of these shoals every three years at a cost of $9,000 will be neces sary, making an annual maintenance charge of $3,000. It is believed that this dredging will be required during the fiscal year 1930. CoriQmercial statistics.-Included with commercial statistics for Charleston Harbor. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928___________________________ $56, 650. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 _____________________- 25, 118. 32 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------- 81, 768. 32 Net total expenditures------------ --------------------- _ 81, 768.32 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 1-------------------------- 881. 68 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-------------- 83, 650. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 ' 1928 Cost ofnew work . Cost of maintenance -----------.. ---------------------------------------------- $3, 800.90 Total expended----..... ------------------------------------ $97.22 $101.67 3,800.90 Allotted--------------------------------------------- Balance unexpended July 1, 1927_ _------------------------- $5, 682. 58 Gross amount expended ----------------------------------------- 3, 800.90 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 ----------------------- 1, 881.68 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _- - 30, 1930, for maintenance 9,000. 00 11. SHIPYARD CREEK, S. C. Location and description.-The waterway is a salt-water, tidal tributary of Charleston Harbor, S. C. It has its source about one- half mile below the United States navy yard, whence it flows in a southerly direction for about 3 miles and empties into Cooper River about three-eighths of a mile above Drum Island. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 470.) It is navigable for about 1Exclusive of available funds. 646 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 three-fourths of its length, but is not used above the plant of the Tuxbury Lumber Co., about 11/8 miles above the mouth. Original condition.-Prior to any improvement the stream had two mouths in the Cooper River. The lower mouth, which was the only usable one, had a controlling depth of 6 feet over the bar, and thence the channel had a controlling depth of 9 feet up to the Tuxbury Lumber Co. Previous projects.-The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, provided for a channel 15 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide through the upper mouth, to provide a better entrance from Cooper River. In 1913 this cut was made through the upper mouth, about one-half mile above the lower mouth. The section of the creek below this upper mouth subsequently filled up. Total cost and expenditures prior to the present project were $4,150, all of which was for new work. Existing project.--This provides for a channel 18 feet deep at mean low water from deep water in Cooper River for a distance of about 11/6 miles above the mouth, generally- 100 feet wide, with increased width at bends, and with a turning basin at the upper end of the same depth and 500 feet long and 250 feet wide, Federal expenditures being limited to that part of the project above the upper end of the Gulf Refining Co.'s wharf. The mean tidal range is 5.2 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1924, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects, is $55,000, of which $24,000 is to be contributed by local interests. The latest (1924) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $1,600. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1925 (H. Doc. No. 288, 68th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperationt.-The conditions imposed by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, provided that local interests shall dredge a suitable channel at their own expense, to depth of at least 18 feet, from the mouth to the upper end of the Gulf Refining Co.'s wharf and shall contribute $24,000 to the first cost of the remaining work. The dredging of the channel from the mouth to the upper end of the Gulf Refining Co.'s wharf is completed. The other condition has not been met. Terminal facilities.-There are no public terminals on this stream. Private wharves are maintained by two lumber companies, the Tux- bury and the North State, but the wharf of the Etiwan Fertilizer Co. has not been kept in repair, and small shipments are made by launches only. Each of the two lumber wharves has berthing space for only one schooner, but there is ample room for extension if needed. The plants are served by railways, but there are no direct railroad connections to the wharves. One company uses an electric tram on the wharf, and the other has tram tracks for pushed cars, but all loading on vessel is by hand. The Gulf Refining Co. has com- pleted a large marginal wharf about one-third of a mile above the mouth of the creek for accommodation of large, deep-draft vessels, and has dredged a 28-foot channel thereto. RIVERS AND HARBORS CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 647 Effect of improvement.-The improvement will permit much larger vessels the use of the stream and result in increased business and decreased freight rates. Operations and rendsults during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fislal year.-No work has yet been done on this project. The Gulf Refining Co., under permit from the War Department, dredged a channel 28 feet deep and 120 feet wide, from Cooper River up to its wharf, a distance of three-quarters of a mile. Above that point to 200 feet above the Tuxbury Lumber Co.'s wharf (the upper limit of the project) nothing was done, and the shallow depth and narrow width of channel still obtain. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no new work is proposed until local interests have complied with the conditions of local cooperation. Com~mercial statistics.-Included with commercial statistics for Charleston Harbor. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928------------------------------- $4, 150. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928__-------- Net total expenditures--------------------_--------------------- 4, 150.00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------------------------ 4, 150. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work ----------- -------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance ------------------ ---------------------------------------- Total expended ...--.-------.--.-------------------.-- ---- Allotted------------- ------------------------ -------------------------------- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project--------------------------------------------$31, 000.00 12. WATERWAY FROM CHARLESTON TO BEAUFORT, S. C. Location and description.-The waterway begins at the Ashley River entrance of Wappoo Cut; thence it passes through Wappoo Cut, Stono, Wadmelaw, North Edisto, Dawho, and South Edisto Rivers, Fenwicks Island Cut, and Ashepoo River to St. Helena Sound; thence through Coosaw River, Brickyard Creek, and Beau- fort River to Beaufort, S. C. The distances from Charleston to Yonges Island, Martins Point, and Beaufort are 25 miles, 27 miles, and 85 miles, respectively. The route is tidal throughout, with a variation of 5.2 feet at Charleston and 7 feet at Beaufort. The route is sheltered from the ocean for the whole distance. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 3256.) Original condition.-Previous to dredging under the present project there existed a channel with a controlling depth of 6 feet and width of 60 feet. The route was around long and tortuous bends in Wappoo Creek and Dawho River. Dangerous rock shoals existed in Stono River and Church Flats. Previous projects.-The river and harbor act of March 3, 1881, provided for improvement of Wappoo Cut to 6 feet depth and 60 feet 648 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 width. Project approved June 13, 1902, provided for Fenwicks Island Cut with 7 feet depth at mean low water and 90 feet width, connecting South Edisto and Ashepoo Rivers. Project adopted in 1890 provided for a channel 7 feet deep and convenient width in Brickyard Creek. The cost and expenditures on these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project was $133,239.22, of which $109,489.64 was for new work and $23,749.58 for maintenance. Existing project.-This provides for a waterway 7 feet deep at mean low water and not less than 75 feet wide from Charleston to Beaufort, S. C., with cut-offs in Wappoo Creek and between Dawho and South Edisto Rivers. The mean tidal range is 5.2 feet at Charleston and 7 feet at Beaufort. The estimate of cost for new work, made.in 1924, is $110,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest . (1924) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1925 (S. Doc. No. 178, 68th Cong., 2d sess.). (For latest published map of this waterway see U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 3256.) Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, provides that all land required for the right of way and deposit of dredged material shall be furnished free of cost to the Government. This condition has been complied with. Terminal facilities.-The wharves and terminals along the route are sufficient for present and prospective traffic for some time to come. At Charleston there are public wharves and terminals, in addition to the many privately owned ones. Effect of improvement.-This waterway is an important link in the general intracoastal route, and improvement will be of benefit to a large number of boats seeking to avoid the rough weather in their passage from northern points to Florida and return. Commercially the deepening will permit the use of deeper draft vessels, and the shortening of the route will save much time. The straightening of the channel in Wappoo Creek will eliminate serious difficulties for towboats with barges and rafts approaching the highway bridge immediately east of the proposed cut. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. hydraulic pipe-line dredge Creighton was rented from the Savannah (Ga.) district and operated on the cut-off from Dawho River via North Creek and Watts Cut to South Edisto River. From September to December, 1927, the Creighton removed 295,195 cubic yards of mate- rial from Watts Cut. The total costs during the fiscal year were $43,632.62 all chargeable to new work. The total expenditures were $43,551.90. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 90 per cent com- plete. A distance of 10 miles has been saved by the portion of the project completed from Dawho River to South Edisto River via North Creek and Watts Cut. The total distance from Charleston to Beaufort is now 721/2 miles measured fiom the Ashley River en- trance of Wappoo Cut. A channel 7 feet deep at mean low water and 75 feet wide now exists except for snall shoals recently developed RIVERS AND HARBORS CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 649 in New Cut and Watts Cut, where the depths are about 5 feet and width about 50 feet. The remaining work necessary to com- plete the project consists of making a short cut to eliminate a long bend at Little Edisto Island. The total cost to date amounts to $85,019.83 for new work and $13,795.73 for maintenance, a total of $98,815.56. The total expenditures to date amount to $98,734.84. Proposed operations.-With the unexpended balance of $20,315.16, July 1, 1928, it is proposed to pay outstanding liabilities and use the available balance for cutting across the bend on North Creek. The work will be done by Government plant and hired labor and the rate of expenditure is estimated at $12,000 per month while work is in progress. It is expected that all funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1929. The amount which can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($10,000), will be used for maintenance dredging as may be necessary, using Government plant and hired labor or by contract as may be more economical. Commercial statistics.-There is a large and substantial freight business over this waterway in addition to a heavy truck movement during the spring and early autumn. The Stevens Line operates several boats between the Yonges Island terminal of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad and points all along the waterway. The South- ern Railway at Charleston operates a fleet of small gasoline freight and towboats with lighters to points as far south as Edisto River. McDonald-Wilkins, Magionni & Co., and several other firms at Beaufort operate freight and towboats handling truck, oysters, canned vegetables, and general merchandise over the lower end of the waterway and its tributaries. This waterway is a link in the Intracoastal Waterway and is used by hundreds of yachts in their annual movement between northern points and Florida. The boats carrying commerce were of 4 to 9 feet draft, and yachts were of 3 to 8 feet draft. Comnl;arative statement Calendar year Short tons Calendar year Short tons Passengers : Value iPassengers -- -- Value ... 1923_--- 1924_--.-2-_ - 77,318 $6,494,159 45,252 3,061, 264 38,356 1926_________ 16,437 1927 _______. 86,749 87,921 $3,006,715 4,031, 418 3,855 12, 530 1925-._ - 55, 591 3, 705,108 5, 772 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30 1928------------------------------ $194, 509. 47 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928-- -------------------------- 37, 545.31 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928_-----__ '232, 054. 78 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928_-________ -___-____ 80.72 Net total expenditures ----------------------------------- 231, 974. 06 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 ........ 20, 315. 16 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-- 252, 289. 22 650 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work---- ----- --------------------------------------------- $43, 632. 62 Cost of maintenance-- ------------ --------------------------- ------------- Total expended --------------------------------- $306.96 $3,458.39 $55, 182. 94 43, 55t. 90 Allotted ------------------------ ------------------------------------- 112,050.00 7,000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927_-----_------ _------------ $56, 867.06 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928..------------------------------------------------7, 000 00 Net amount to be accounted for-----......---------- 63, 867. 06 Gross amount expended ------------------------------------ 43, 551.90 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928-----------------------20, 315. 16 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928------------------------------ 80. 72 Balance available June 30, 1928 .---- ---- ___--_ 20, 234. 44 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of - --- --- -- --- -- --- -- - existing project - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4, 600. 00 1_ Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance U~)I~V) ,-,-,-----,,,--,------------ VLIIILIIL'LILILC 10, 000. 00 STATEMENT OF APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPENDITURES ON WORKS OF RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENT TO JUNE 30, 1928, IN THE CHARLESTON (S. C.) DISTRICT Appropriations (or allotments) : Seacoast harbors_............. --- __---_ $11,080, 356. 04 Internal waterways-------------------------------------3,180, 229.01 Expenditures (exclusive of receipts from sales, etc.) : New work --------------------------------- 11, 401, 741. 19 Maintenance -------------------------------------------- 2, 552, 532. 41 Operation and care of canals_ .- --.-.--- __----- -_ 108, 574. 10 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED JANUARY 21, 1927 Report dated March 23, 1927, with map, on survey of the Shoals near Red Bluff, on the Waccanaw, River near Co~way, S. C., required by the river and harbor act of January 21, 1927, was duly submitted by the district engineer. It was reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and was transmitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 82, Seventieth Con- gress, first session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a channel between Conway and Red Bluff 50 feet wide and 4 feet deep at low water at an estimated cost of $12,500, with $500 annually for maintenance. Report dated September 9, 1927, on preliminary examination of Shem Creek, from Hog Island Channel to point beyond city limits of Mount' Pleasant, S. C., required by the river and harbor act of January 21, 1927, was duly submitted by the district engineer. It was reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and was transmitted to Congress February 7, 1928, 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 651 but has not yet been printed. The improvement of -this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making a preliminary examination and survey, provided for by the river and harbor act of January 21, 1927, of Channel from headwaters of the Wando River through Wambaw Creek to the Santee River, 8. C., and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received. By resolution of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors of the House of Representatives, dated March 16, 1928, a review of reports on Shipyard River, S. C., printed in Rivers and Harbors Committee Document No. 8, Sixty-ninth Congress, second session, is requested, and report thereon will be submitted as soon as practicable. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT This district includes all watersheds and harbors in the State of Georgia tributary to the Atlantic Ocean; Fernandina Harbor, Fla., and St. Marys River, Ga. and Fla., and their tributary streams; the waterway between Beaufort, S. C., and St. Johns River, Fla., and that part of South Carolina embracing the Beaufort, Broad, and Savannah River Basins. District engineer: Maj. William F. Tompkins, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. John C. Oakes, Corps of Engineers, to July 27, 1927, and Col. G. P. Howell, United States Army, retired, since that date. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Savannah Harbor, Ga ------- 651 6. Sapelo Harbor, Ga--------- 670 2. Savannah River below Au- 7. Darien Harbor, Ga----- ---- 671 gusta, Ga------------------ 658 8. Altamaha, Oconee, and Oc- 3. Savannah River at Augusta, mulgee Rivers, Ga _____. 673 Ga -- ____- ___------ 661 9. Brunswick Harbor, Ga 677 4. Savannah River above Au- 10. Fancy Bluff Creek, Ga----- 682 gusta, Ga -- ______ 663 ----------- 11. Satilla River, Ga 683 5. Waterway between Beaufort, 12. St. Marys River, Ga. and S. C., and St. Johns River, Fla -------------- 686 Fla ________ -____-__665 13. Fernandina Harbor, Fla.--_ 689 1. SAVANNAH HARBOR, GA. Location and description.-This harbor is from entrance to en- trance of harbors 75 statute miles south of Charleston Harbor, S. C., and 70 statute miles north of Brunswick Harbor, Ga., and comprises the lower 22 miles of the Savannah River, Tybee Knoll, Tybee Roads, and Tybee Bar, a total distance of 29.6 miles, and varies in width from 400 to 2,500 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart .No. 1111.) Original condition.-The harbor extended from deep water be- yond the bar to Savannah, a: distance of 24 miles, with controlling depths at mean low water of 13 feet on the bar and 10 feet to the city wharves. The channel was narrow and obstructed by wrecks, logs, snags, and piles. Savannah was the head of navigation for ocean-going vessels, though river steamers plied between Savannah and Augusta. (See report on Savannah River below Augusta, Ga.) 652 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Previous projects.-Projects or modifications of projects were adopted by Congress May 18, 1826; March 3, 1855; March 3, 1873; June 23, 1874; September 19, 1890; June 3, 1896; and June 13, 1902. The cost and expenditures on these projects prior to 1912 were: For new work, $7,260,383.98; for maintenance, $298.894.26; total $7,- 559,278.24. For scope of previous projects see page 1810 of Annual Report for 1915. Exsting project.-This provides for a channel 30 feet deep with a. general width of 500 feet from the 30-foot contour in the ocean to the quarantine station, 10.2 miles; thence 26 feet deep with a general width of 400 feet to the Seaboard Air Line Railway bridge, 16 miles; thence 21 feet deep and 300 feet wide to the foot of Kings Island, 1.3 miles; and thence 21 feet deep and 200 feet wide with necessary regulating works to the vicinity of the Savannah Creosoting Co., 2.1 miles, a total length of 29.6 miles; for widening the channel to 600 feet at West Broad and Barnard Streets; for an anchorage basin opposite Fort Oglethorpe by widening the 26-foot channel to 900 feet and installing mooring dolphins; for closing South Channel by a regulating dam and dredging a channel 7 feet deep and 100 feet wide between the main river and Wilmington River as a substitute for this portion of the inland waterway; for dredging Drakies Cut to a depth of 13 feet and a width of 350 feet; for increasing the width of the channel at Kings Island to 525 feet; for the raising, extension and repair of training walls, jetties, and other works; and for bank protection. The plane of reference is mean low water, which varies for differ- ent parts of the harbor. For the upper end of the harbor the mean range of tide is 6.5 feet, with an extreme of 8 feet, and for the lower end 6.9 feet and 10.5 feet, respectively. The mean tidal range has been increased by the improvement about 0.9 foot at the lower end and 1.7 feet at the upper end. The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1927 is $5,909,400, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1926) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $416,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 23, 1874, provided for works of regula- tion (Annual Report for 1873, p. 747); the act of March 2, 1907, made tentative provision for the 26-foot channel, generally 400 to 500 feet wide (H. Doc. No. 181, 59th Cong., 1st sess.), which was definitely adopted by the act of June 25, 1910; the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the 21-foot channel to the foot of Kings Island (H. Doc. No. 563, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the 30-foot channel to the quarantine station (H. Doc. No. 1471, 64th Cong., 2d sess.) ; and the act of January 21, 1927, pro- vided for the 21-foot channel above Kings Island (H. Doc. No. 261, 69th Cong., 1st sess.) and for the other features of the project (H. Doc. No. 262, 69th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published maps are in the last two mentioned documents. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The owners of the ferry using Screvens Cut contributed $500 for work in this vicinity under date of September 21B, 1914. RIVERS AND HARBORS SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 653 Under the 21-foot channel project the appropriation was made subject to the following condition (see fifth paragraph, p. 2, H. Doc. No. 563, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) : " Provided that before the work is undertaken the city of Savannah will be required to accept the parcel of land near the upper end of the proposed improvement previously offered by interested parties and give assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War that the city will provide suitable terminal facili- ties thereat." The Secretary of War accepted the'assurances sub- mitted by the city under date of October 15, 1912, as a compliance with the above act. The river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, provides "that no expense shall be incurred by the United States for acquiring any lands required for the purpose of this improvement." The land for the Barnard Street widening has been donated. The river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, imposes the condition that local interests shall furnish without cost to the United States suitable dumping grounds for the disposal of material dredged in connection with the initial improvement and subsequent maintenance of the channel above Kings Island, and shall deed to the United States the necessary land on South Channel for the regulating dam, and shall furnish, without cost to the United States, a right of way for the intracoastal waterway extending from the main river near Fort Jackson to Wilmington River, and suitable disposal areas for material dredged in the improvement and future maintenance of the harbor. The city of Savannah owns the land through which the new route of the intracoastal waterway is projected, and it is believed that the right of way necessary will be donated when needed. Land for the site of the regulating dam across South Channel and disposal areas for dredged material has not yet been furnished by local interests, but it is believed that this will be provided when needed. Terminal facilities.-This improvement serves numerous wharves and piers owned by individuals and corporations, municipal wharves, and the terminals of three trunk-line railways and two ocean steam- ship companies, making a total developed wharf frontage (excluding slips or docks) of about 5 miles, of which 3 miles is owned by rail- ways, 1.8 by individuals and corporations, and 0.2 by the city of Savannah, and of which total amount about 3 miles is open to the public on equal terms. The Ocean Steamship Co. and others have wharves and piers with reinforced-concrete bulkheads, but the pre- vailing type of construction is the pile-and-timber wharf or pier fronting on docks and the main channel. The use of docks or slips is especially noteworthy, there being eight with a total perimeter of 3.5 miles. There are two small privately owned marine railways for repairing vessels of moderate size and one privately owned marine railway for repairing vessels of a maximum of 3,000 tons (not in good repair). The city has purchased 1.5 miles of unimproved water front along the section of the harbor under improvement with a view to future development. - Three large oil companies have modern plants in the harbor. Many of the present wharves are equipped with mechanical unloading devices for handling bulk cargo; all have direct connection with the railways, and all but those on Hutchin- sons Island have street or highway connection. These facilities are 654 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 considered ample for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 10, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-Since the improvement was inaugurated, water-borne commerce has been greatly facilitated. There has been a great increase in the amount of commerce of this port. Ships draw- ing 30 feet 3 inches have cleared from this port, while formerly 16 feet was the'limit. The tonnage and value have correspondingly increased. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredg- ing by Government plant and hired labor was in progress on the 21-foot, 26-foot, and 30-foot sections for the entire year, resulting in the removal of 5,806,092 cubic yards between the foot of Kings Island and the sea. Improvement dredging by Government plant resulted in the removal of 716,727 cubic yards from Tybee Knoll, Tybee Roads, and Tybee Bar in the 30-foot section of the chan- nel and 846,190 cubic yards in raising Long Island training wall. The costs were $492,330.65 for maintenance and $173,794.18 for new work, a total of $666,124.83. The total expenditures were $1,997,639.09. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 66 per cent completed. The work of improving the section of the 21-foot channel above the foot of Kings Island has not yet been started, the controlling depth, as determined in October, 1925, being 4.4 feet at mean low water. The section of the 21-foot channel below the foot of Kings Island was completed in 1921, the controlling depth at the end of the fiscal year being 20.2 feet over a width of 140 feet. The 26-foot section of the channel has been dredged to project dimensions for the entire. section at different times, but never throughout at the same time. On June 30, 1928, however, this channel was nearer project dimensions throughout its length than ever before. At the end of the fiscal year the controlling depth on the sailing ranges up to the city front was 27.2 over a width of 200 feet, and up to the Central of Georgia terminals 25.5 over the same width. The 30-foot section of the channel has not yet been completed to project dimen- sions. At the end of the fiscal year this section had a controlling depth of 29.1 feet over a width of 450 feet. Long Island training wall was completed January 3, 1928, to within 2,300 feet of Oyster Bed Island, with a total length of 10,850 feet and an average height of about 14 feet above mean low water, 3,950 lineal feet having been constructed during the fiscal year. The widening of the channel at Barnard Street was completed in 1924. An anchorage basin op- posite Fort Oglethorpe and mooring dolphins in the same locality were completed in 1926. The training walls and spur dikes are in poor condition and re- quire refilling and repairs. The mooring dolphin is in good condi- tion except for one pile cluster which was destroyed by shipping. To complete the channels to project dimensions and restore depths where shoaling has taken place (allowing 1 foot for overdepth dredging) requires the removal of 386,686 cubic yards of material from the 21-foot section of the channel, 632,504 cubic yards from the 26-foot section, and 503,997 cubic yards from the 30-foot section, a total of 1,523,187 cubic yards,- and the following additional items: RIVERS AND HARBORS SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 655 (a) Closing South Channel with a regulating dam and dredging a channel between the Savannah River and Wilmington River. (b) Dredging Drakies Cut. (c) Increasing width at Kings Island. (d) Raising, extension, and repair of training walls, jetties, and other works. (e) Bank protection. (f) Removal of a shoal opposite Oyster Bed Island. The costs under the existing project were $3,306,837.09 for new work and $6,400,755.44 for maintenance, a total of $9,707,592.53. The total expenditures were $11,686,731.67. $11,686,731.67. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended on July 1, 1928, as follows: Payment of outstanding liabilities_---__----_---------------- $99, 194.49 Operation of 1 seagoing dredge 12 months (maintenance) ------- 199,200.00 Operation of 1 seagoing dredge 2 months (new work) .--------- 37, 200. 00 Operation of 1 seagoing dredge 1 month (new work) ------------ 18, 500. 00 Operation of 1 20-inch pipe line dredge 12 months (maintenance)_- 220, 800. 00 Operation of 1 20-inch pipe line dredge 4 months (maintenance)-- 72, 000. 00 Improvement dredging, 21-foot channel extension (new work)- 106, 000.00 Training wall construction, 21-foot channel extension (new work)-_ 35, 000.00 Surveys, inspections, and contingencies_ . --... --- ---- -.. __ 103, 459.18 Total--- ------ 891, 353. 67 Of this total amount about $247,565.49 will be expended for improvement work and about $643,788.18 will be expended for maintenance. Government plant and hired labor will be used in the execution of the above work except for the eighth item, the total expenditures being about $81,000 per month for the first eight months and $61,000 per month for the remainder of the fiscal year. All available funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1929. It is proposed to operate one seagoing dredge and one 20-inch pipe line dredge continuously for 12 months beginning July 1, 1928. One seagoing dredge will operate two months beginning December 20, 1928, and one seagoing dredge will operate one month beginning February 1, 1929. One 20-inch pipe line dredge will operate four months during the fiscal year, and improvement dredging will be done for about five and one-half months with a 20-inch pipe line dredge. The training wall will be constructed by contract beginning during the first part of the fiscal year. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($782,000), will be applied to improvement and maintenance, as follows: Operation of one seagoing dredge 12 months____-----------___ _ $223, 200 Operation of one 20-inch pipe line dredge 12 months--- 220, 800 Operation of one 20-inch pipe line dredge 6 months- --- __- - -____108, 000 Operation of one seagoing dredge 6 months__----- .... __.-____ 92, 500 Surveys, inspections, and contingencies----- 137, 500 _-_ _----------- Total----- ------------------------------------------ 782, 000 Of the above amount $600,000 will be applied to maintenance dredg- ing on the 21, 26, and 30 foot channels, and $182,000 to new work with seagoing dredges on the 30-foot channel. 14710---EN 1928----42 656 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Government plant and hired labor will be used in the execution of the above work. The maintenance funds for dredging are larger than the average for the preceding five years because better mainte- nance is contemplated. Commercial statistics.-Foreigntraffic included 37 per cent of the tonnage and 23 per cent of the value of the entire commerce of the harbor, and consisted principally of food products, textiles, min- erals, chemicals, other vegetable products, and wood and paper; coastwise traffic included 56 per cent of the tonnage and 76 per cent of the value, and consisted principally of minerals, lumber, chem- icals, textiles, and unclassified materials; other domestic traffic in- cluded 7 per cent of the tonnage and 1 per cent of the value of the entire commerce, and consisted principally of minerals, animal products, lumber, vegetable food products, and unclassified mate- rials. The character of the commerce is varied, and no particular class is carried in any special type or draft of boat. All commerce moved over the entire portion of the harbor under improvement, except the internal and local traffic, which used only the upper 13 miles of the harbor. Regular steamboat schedules were maintained to northern, south- ern, western, and foreign ports, and on the inside waterway. The commerce for the last five calendar years is as follows: Comparative statement Floated logs Calendar year Short tons Value Passen- gers Short tons Value 1923 - __------------------------------- 2, 392, 664 $457,003,050 98, 634 $420, 324 99, 733 1924----_-- _---_-_-- _---_----_-- 2, 139, 625 430, 162, 865 55, 058 206, 888 99, 986 1925_ __...-.._.. ... .. ......- . . 2, 501, 535 527, 147, 409 32, 860 95, 043 1251,391 1926__- __-- .--.-.---- _ ___--__- _ 2,604,914 508, 529, 686 45,733 123,774 2 252, 925 1927------------------------------------- 2,368,121 517, 497,229 38,548 146,482 3222,014 Additional traffic Traffic across river Cargoes in transit Calendar year Short tons Value Short tons Value 1923------......... __-_- .............. .............. 30,789 $15,394,500 1,171, 845 $136,060,429 1924....-........ __..... - -.............-............ 30,830 15,415,000 1,074,500 126,376,405 1925_--------------------- . - ._--- ----- ..----- 28, 427 14,213,500 1, 327,192 168,336,836 1926_ ..... _------------- ._. .--.----- -------- 27,188 000 13,594, 1,088,762 140,768,263 1927.................... 29,862 _______......_______............... 14,931,000 1,242,790 167,011,824 1 Includes 151,905 passengers carried by ferry and 64,626 local passengers. 2 Includes 135,277 passengers carried by ferry and 68,267 local passengers. aIncludes 137,034 passengers carried by ferry and 55,989 local passengers. Limits of draft of vessels, percentage of tonnage, and value of traffic for calendai year 1927 are as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 657 Limits Percent- Percent- Class of trade of draft ageaof ageof total (feet) total tonnage value Animals and animal products, except wool and hair---..--------.. ---- - 7-20 2 3 Vegetable food products, oil seeds, expressed oils, and beverages-----......... 18-22 14 7 Other vegetable products, except fibers and wood------------------------- 18-28 9 5 Textiles ----------------------------------------------------- 18-28 16 55 :Wood and paper .....----------------------------------------------- 16-28 13 2 Nonmetallic minerals _ ........ ....... . ... . ... .. - . 15-28 27 4 Ores, metals, and manufactures, except machinery and vehicles-......._ 15-22 2 1 Machinery and vehicles 1-------------- ___..._. ... ..... __ 18-22 Chemicals ... ........----------------------------------- _--------------- 18-28 8 2 Unclassified----.....---...--....----------------........---------------......----------.... 15-22 9 21 1 Less than one-half of 1 per cent in tonnage and value. Cost and financial sunmmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928_ _--------------------- $10, 567, 221. 07 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------ ------------- 6, 699, 649. 70 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928---------- 17, 266, 870. 77 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928--------- 1,841, 038. 98 Net total cost to June 30, 1928------------------------ 19, 107, 909.75 Add accounts receivable June 30, 1928 84, 737. 59 1----------------------- Gross total costs to June 30, 1928 ------------------ 19, 292, 647. 34 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928------------------------ 46, 637.43 Net total expenditures------------------------------- 19, 246, 009. 91 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928---------------------------- 891, 353. 67 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------------ 20, 137, 363. 58 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 ...------------------------ Cost ofnew work---------------------- ----------- $173, 794. 18 Cost of maintenance--------------------- ------------------------------------ 492, 330. 65 Total cost --_ __ - --- - . .. .. . --... - -.-.-.........---- .- --...-......666,124.83 -... Total expended ......................... $865, 649. 82 $832, 980. 27 $615, 200. 83 $822, 777. 92 1, 997, 639. 09 Allotted.------------------------ 694, 000.00.0 720, 000.00 550,000.00 700,000.00 1, 984, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927---------------------------- $904, 992. 76 Amount allotted from War Department appropria- tion act approved Mar. 23, 1928---------------- $800, 000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropria- tion act approved Feb. 23, 1927 1, 184, 000. 00 1, 984, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for-------------------------2, 888, 992. 76 Gross amount expended------------------------- 1, 998, 505. 64 Less receipts from sales-------------------------- 866. 55 1, 997, 639. 09 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928--------------------- 891,353.67 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928--------------_ 87, 432. 62 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts--------- 11, 761. 87 99, 194. 49 Balance available June 30, 1928------------------------- 792, 159.18 658 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 355. 000. 00 $----------------------- Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year eniding June 30, 1930: For new work 1---------------------82, 000. 00 For maintenance 00, 000. 00 6------------------------------ Total_ - 00. 00 7------------------------------ 782. 2. SAVANNAH RIVER BELOW AUGUSTA, GA. Location and description.-The Savannah River (see U. S. Geo- logical Survey maps of South Carolina and Georgia) is formed by the confluence of the Tugaloo and Seneca Rivers on the northwest- ern part of the South Carolina-Georgia boundary line. It flows southeast, forming the boundary line, and empties into the Atlantic Ocean 204 miles from its source, the distance by river being about 314 miles. Its drainage basin has an area of 10,400 square miles. The ordinary summer low-water discharge at Augusta is about 4,000 second-feet; the extreme low-water discharge as measured in 1925, is 1,385 second-feet; and the extreme flood discharge, 370,000 second- feet. The river is at or below the ordinary summer low-water stage corresponding in 1925 to a reading of 7.7 feet on the Augusta City gauge on an average of about 36 days per year, the low stages usually occurring during the late summer and fall. From Augusta to Savannah the low-water slope is fairly uniform and averages 0.56 foot per mile. The current is moderate. The width between banks averages 335 feet. On ordinary low water the tide is propagated up to 50 miles from the mouth. Original condition.-The river was navigable to Augusta, 218 miles by water above the mouth, for the greater part of the year for steamboats drawing 4 to 5 feet, but during the low-water season there were various shoals in the upper portion of the river, with low- water depths of not more than 2 or 3 feet. The other obstructions consisted of overhanging trees, snags, and sunken logs. Previous project.-Adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881. The cost and expenditures on the previous project prior to 1890 were $93,480.09. A subdivision between new work and mainte- nance is not possible. For scope of previous project see page 1813 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a navigable steamboat chan- nel 5 feet deep (the width not specified) at ordinary summer low water from Savannah, 17 miles from the mouth, to Augusta, Ga., a distance of 201 miles, to be obtained by the use of contraction works,. the closure of cut-offs, bank protection, removal of'snags, overhang- ing trees and wrecks, and the dredging of troublesome bars, by the use of a Government-owned dredge built especially for this work. The mean tidal variation at the mouth of the river is 6.9 feet, and the freshet variation at the head of the improvement is approximately 18 feet ordinarily, with an extreme of 35 feet. The original esti- mated cost of the new work, exclusive of amount expended on pre- vious project, was $331,884, later modified or added to by an amount of $380,000, making a total estimate made in 1910 for new work SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 659 of $711,884. The latest approved estimate, made in 1928, of annual maintenance is $50,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for the im- provement of the total stretch of river (H. Doc. No. 255, 51st Cong., 2d sess.); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the special improve- ment, by bank-protection work, of 20 or 25 miles of river imme- dLucie Inlet, 120 miles, the channel follows the Indian River. From St. Lucie Inlet to Miami, 105 miles, it traverses Lake Worth, Hillsboro River, New River, and Biscayne Bay, and the artificial connections between these waterways. The entire waterway is 383 miles in length. The width of the waterway is about 50 feet in the aritificial sections; 2 to 3 miles in Mosquito Lagoon; 1 to 3 miles in Indian River; 0.2 to 1.3 miles in Lake Worth; and 0.5 to 3 miles in Biscayne Bay. For detailed description of the waterway, see House Document No. 1147, Sixty-fifth Congress, second session, and House Document No. 586, Sixty-ninth Congress, second session. Original condition.-Prior to the adoption of the previous project for Indian River, the Florida Coast Line Canal & Transportation Co. had constructed a continuous channel of varying widths and depths throughout the waterway. In the northern section the width varied from 40 to 50 feet and, while the depth contemplated was 5 feet at low water, a depth of only 3 to 3.5 feet was available in many places. In the Indian River the least channel width was 75 feet and the depth 5 feet at mean low water. In the cut between Great Pocket and Pecks Lake, in the vicinity of St. Lucie Inlet, the width was 35 feet and the depth 5 feet. Between Jupiter Inlet and Biscayne Bay the channel had shoaled in places to such an extent as to be impass- able except by very small boats. Previous projects.-There have been no previous projects for the northern and southern sections. The first project, providing for connecting Indian= River with Mosquito Lagoon, was adopted by an act of June 15, 1844. A project for dredging a channel through Negro Cut to Indian River Inlet was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894, and in the deficiency act of February 26, 1896, provision was made for opening Jupiter Inlet for the passage of boats and small vessels. A 5-foot project for Indian River, Fla., was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892. The cost and expenditures on these projects to June 30, 1927, were $307,997.50, of which $94,775.25 was for new work and $213,222.25 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1825 of Annual Report for 1915 and page 655 of Annual Report for 1926. Existing project.-This provides for an inland waterway in gen- eral 75 feet wide and 8 feet deep at local mean low water, from Jacksonville to Miami, Fla., a distance of 383 miles, following the coastal route. From Jacksonville to a point on the St. Johns River 23 miles east depths in excess of those called for under this project already exist. The mean range of tide is 4 feet at junction with St. Johns River; 2 feet in Indian River in vicinity of the inlets; and 1.5 feet in Bis- cayne Bay. The extreme range at these places is 6 feet, 3 feet, and 2.4 feet, respectively. Tidal effect is imperceptible at points along the waterway distant from inlets. Strong northeasterly winds raise the water level in St. Johns River near Pablo Creek about 2 feet. Strong southwesterly winds lower it about 11/2 feet. Strong northerly winds lower the water level at the northerly end of Indian River from 1 to 2 feet and raise it at the southerly end about the same amount. Strong southerly winds have the opposite effect to a somewhat less extent. Strong easterly winds raise the water level in Biscayne Bay about 1 foot and strong westerly RIVERS AND HARBORS JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 715 winds lower it about 0.5 foot. Winds have a proportionate effect on other lagoons and lakes, depending on their extent. Strong north- erly winds usually occur during the winter months. Strong southerly winds prevail during the summer and are not so violent as the north- erly winds. Heavy rainfall raises the water level at the northerly end of Indian River about 1 foot, and when Jupiter Inlet is closed the southerly end is raised about the same from this cause. The estimate of cost of new work made in 1926 is $4,221,000, with $125,000 annually for maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927. (H. Doc. No. 586, 69th Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Before work under the previous project for Indian River was undertaken by the United States the Florida Coast Line Canal -& Transportation Co., under charter from the State, had dredged cuts through 23 shoals between Goat Creek and Jupiter Inlet, making a continuous channel not less than 50 feet wide and 5 feet deep at low water. The act adopting the previous project imposed the condition that no part of the money appropriated should be expended until the Florida Coast Line Canal & Transpor- tation Co. should surrender and relinquish to the United States all the rights and privileges which it then held along the route undet its State charter. The canal company formally relinquished its rights to the United States on March 31, 1894, and the deed was pronounced satisfactory by the Attorney General on April 12, 1894. The act of January 21, 1927, adopting the existing project im- poses the conditions that local interests shall acquire the necessary right of way and the privately owned waterway known as the Florida East Coast Canal, and transfer them, free of cost, to the United States, and shall furnish suitable areas for the deposit of dredged material in connection with the work and its subsequent maintenance. These conditions have not been complied with, but local interests have negotiated for the purchase of the canal and right-of-way and the last session of the State legislature granted the necessary authority for complying with the conditions. Terminal facilities.-Extensive terminals with railroad and street connections are available in connection with the harbors at Jackson- ville and Miami. On the Indian River there are three wharves and five piers used for package freight and passengers, having a total berthing space of 3,050 feet. One pier and two wharves have rail- way connections and the other terminals have highway connections only. At St. Augustine there is a small wharf without railroad con- nection on San Sebastian River, about one mile from its junction with the Intracoastal Waterway. At Daytona Beach and West Palm Beach the facilities are limited to a few small wharves. The facil- ities are fairly adequate for the small commerce now handled but will be inadequate on completion of the existing project. Terminals for coastwise vessels with railway and highway .connections have been constructed at Riviera, four miles north of West Palm Beach, and similar terminals will be construced at the Hollywood-Fort Lauderdale Harbor. These terminals involve 2,000 feet of quay wall and two transit sheds at the former place and three piers and four 716 I REPORT QF CHIEF OF, ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 1,100-foot slips at the latter. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc.: No. 652, 66th Cong., 2nd sess., and Port Series No. 8, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improverent.-The waterway is used by small commer- cial boats carrying freight and passengers to and from the towns along its route and by yachts and pleasure craft. It enables boats of this class, as well as dredges and other floating plant, to ply up and down the coast without incurring the dangers of the outside passage. The small controlling depths have prevented the carrying of sufficient commerce to affect railroad freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work of locating right of way and checking right-of-way surveys being made by local interests was started during February and was in progress at the end of the fiscal year. The total cost was $5,948.10, all for new work. The cost of office and miscellaneous expenses incidental to the main- tenance of the project was $1,448.91. The total expenditure was $7,003.14,. of which $5,872.65 was from funds advanced by the Flor- ida Inland Navigation District under act of March 3, 1925. Condition at end of fIscal year.-The project is 0.1 per cent com- pleted. The new work between Great Pocket and Pecks Lake under the old 5-foot project for Indian River was completed in the fiscal year 1927. All other parts of this project were previously reported complete, though it is now found that rock reefs limit the depth at mean low water to 4.5 feet at Vero Cuts Nos. 4 and 5, and between Crawford Point Cut No. 77 and Fort Pierce. The controlling depth is 4.5 feet in Indian River and about 3 feet elsewhere. Surveys made by the Florida Inland Navigation District, in connection with pur- chase of the rights of the Florida Coast Line Canal and Transporta- tion Company, and additional rights of way required by act of Con- gress, have been reviewed and checked. The total cost of the existing project has been $7,397.01, of which $5,948.10 was for new work and $1,448.91 for maintenance. The total expenditure has been $7,003.14. Proposed operaltions.-The unexpended balance June 30, 1928 ($20,511.40), will be applied to maintenance work on the old Indian River project when necessary, and to surveys in connection with the new project. In addition to the above, the sum of $500,000 has been reserved for allotment for work on the project adopted by the 1927 river and harbor act when the conditions of local cooperation have been com- plied with. It is not anticipated that the conditions of local cooperation will be complied with in sufficient time to permit the expenditure of ad- ditional funds during the fiscal year 1930. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1927 consisted principally of building and construction supplies, canned foods, fish, fruits, grain, groceries, hardware, lumber, naval stores, oils, rock, sand, sugar, and general merchandise. The tonnage for the year amounted to 290,184 short tons, valued at $6,526,429. As compared with that of the preceding year, this is an increase in ton- nage.of over 10 per cent, due to increased receipts of oils and build- ing and construction materials. About 56 per cent of the commerce was rock and sand:: and was carried on barges towed by motor boats drawing from 2 to 4 feet, for distances of from 10 to 125 miles. The remaining 44 per cent used portions of the waterway for distances RIVERS AND HARBORS --JACKSONV1LLEp FLA., DISTRIOT 717 from 3 to 310 miles and was carried in motor boats and on barges towed by motor boats drawing from 2 to 4 feet. No lines of trans- portation were established or abandoned during the year. Comparative statement General freight Ferry traffic Total Passen- Year gers Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1923...---.----------- 30,344 $3, 621, 287 3, 431 $369, 905 33, 775 $3, 891,192 3, 750 1924............. .---.- 107, 301 4, 283, 305 2, 211 195, 050 109, 512 4, 478, 355.. 1925........ .....-.. . 703, 531 9, 072, 294 2, 437 176, 542 705,968 9, 248, 836 . ... 1926-----------------262,454 1926 6,468, 697 1,237 87, 560 263, 691 6, 556, 257 136 262,454 6, 6,451, 589 1, 048 4687------------------289, 74,840 290,184 6, 626, 429 1 484,932 1 Ferry. Cost ana financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928----------------------- $100, 723.35 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928--------------------------- 214, 671. 16 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928----------- 315, 394. 51 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928---------------- 393. 87 Net total expenditures---------------- --- 315, 000. 64 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 _----------------- -- -20, 511. 40 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928_ ------ _ 335, 512. 04 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work-----------..................----.....---------..------------.......................-----------------------............ $5,948. 10 Cost ofmaintenance-----........-- ----------.......--------------------------------------- 1, 448. 91 Total cost.------------.------------.------------.. ----...------.-.. .7, 397. 01 $262. 82 $1, 094. 53 Total expended--------.....................--- $50, 278.83 $35, 136. 17 7,003. 14 Allotted--.........-------------------------- I 14, 500. 00 20, 000.00 45, 000.00 17, 500.00 10,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927--_--_--_-----------__ ---- $17, 514. 54 Funds advanced by Florida Inland Navigation District under act Mar. 3, 1925 --------------------------------- 10, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for-_---------__ ------ 27, 514. 54 Gross amount expended___- ____---__-- - - - __- -- 7, 003. 14 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 --------------------- 20, 511.40 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928 --------------------- 159. 49 Balance available June 30, 1928_ -______- ___-_ 20, 351. 91 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion - - - - - - - ------- ---- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - of existing project 4, 221, 000. 00 7. ST. LUCIE INLET, FLA. Location and description.-St. Lucie Inlet is an opening from the Atlantic Ocean into Indian River on the east coast of Florida, about 235 miles south of the mouth of the St. Johns River and 100 miles 1 Exclusive of available funds. 718 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGQIEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 north of Miami, Fla. (See U. S. Coast and Geodic Survey Chart No. 163.) The inlet is the result of an artificial cut made by local residents in 1892 through the low sand ridge separating the Indian River from the ocean. The cut was made 30 feet wide and 5 feet deep, but it rapidly widened until in 1908 it was over one-half mile in width. Original condition.-The entrance was shallow and obstructed by shifting sand bars, through which a narrow, crooked, and unstable channel of from 4/ to 6 feet available depth at low water could gen- erally be found. A reef of soft rock extended across the front of the inlet, with its top surface from 3.5 to 10 feet below mean low water. Inside :the entrance no permanent channel existed, but depths of 4 to 8 or 10 feet,at low water could generally be carried into the Indian and St. Lucie Rivers. Previous projects.-None. Existing projects.-This provides for the expenditure of about $300,000, for excavating a cut 18 foot center depth across the obstructing rock reef and ocean bar, and was recommended by the Chief of Engineers as a preliminary step to securing later a channel 18 feet deep at mean low water and at least 200 feet wide from the ocean to Sewalls Point, protected by a jetty on the north side of the entrance. The mean tidal range is 1.7 feet. The extreme range is about 3 feet. Strong northeasterly winds raise the water level about 0.8 foot and strong southerly and westerly winds lower the water level about the same amount. The estimate of cost' for new work, made in 1909, is $1,460,000. The latest (1917) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 675, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The complete project is described in House Document No. 1312, Sixtieth Congress, second session, which document also contains the latest published map. Recommended modifications of project.-The abandonment of the project is recommended in House Document No. 370, Sixty-fifth Con- gress, first session, as the work already done indicates that the cost of the improvement would be excessive. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-None.' Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done by the United States and no expenditures were made. The Board of .Commissioners of the Martin-St. Lucie Counties Improvement Dis- trict completed on August 19, 1927, the construction of the north jetty which was in progress at the beginning of the fiscal year. The quantities placed in jetty were 1,782.79 cubic yards of stone hearting and 3,588.30 tons of capping, thus completing the jetty from the shore line to the rock reef, a distance of 3,325 feet. The contract prices paid were $8.50 per cubic yard for hearting and $9.50 per ton for capping. Bids for dredging were received by the Board of Commis- sioners of the Martin-St. Lucie Counties Improvement District, but no work was done due to delays incident to the validation of bonds and legal proceedings connected therewith. The Supreme Court of Florida late in June, 1928, finally approved and validated the issue of bonds in the sum of $1,000,000. RIVERS AND HARBORS -JACKSONVILLEI FLA., DISTRIOT 719 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 2 per cent completed. The excavated channel has completely filled with sand, and the controlling depth is about 3 feet at mean low water. Local interests have constructed a north jetty extending from the shore line to the rock reef, a distance of 3,325 feet. A narrow channel about 10 feet deep has been formed along the south side of this jetty by natural scour out to the rock reef. The total cost of the work done under the existing project by the United States has been $23,493.36, all for new work. The total expenditure has been $23,493.36. The total cost of work done by local interests has been $296,317.79. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($76,500), will be expended in dredging under contract in coopera- tion with local interests. The improvement of St. Lucie Inlet and Stuart Harbor is now being undertaken by the Board of Commis- sioners of Martin-St. Lucie Counties Improvement District, a 'body created by act of the Florida State Legislature. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, as it is not believed that the prospective commerce is sufficient to justify further expenditure at the present time. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1927 consisted of fish, ice, and jetty rock. The tonnage for the year amounted to 16,375 short tons, valued at $171,000. As compared with that of the preceding year, this is an increase in total tonnage of over 16 per cent, due entirely to increased receipts of rock. The commerce was carried on barges towed by boats drawing from 2 to 4 feet, and in motor boats drawing from 2 to 31/2 feet. No improve- ment has as yet been effected in the channel, although the work of jetty construction was completed by local interests during the year. No lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the year. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value - ----------------------- 1923-------------------------........................... 404 $36,791 1926.... 14,083 $252,549 1924........................... ------------------------ 984 71,260 1927....-------.......---------------- 16, 375 171,000 ---------------------- 1925........................... 3, 250 222,250 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928-.....- ------------------- $23, 493. 36 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928___ Net total expenditures ________________________ ___ 23, 493. 36 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928_____________________________ 76, 500. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928________________99, 993. 36 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work........---..--- ----------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance.,--..... .=.....---- . ----- ..- Total expended.,__. . ._....... Allotted..-----. --------.......--.. ....- ..- ..-- $50,000.00 14710---ENG 1928-----46 720 REPORT. OF CHIEF OF EN GINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927-...------------------------ $26, 500. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927------------_----------------------------------- 50, 000. 00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928------------------------------ 76, 500. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1------------------------ 1, 360, 000. 00 8. HARBOR AT MIAMI (BISCAYNE BAY), FLA. Location and description.-Biscayne Bay is a large, shallow, salt- water sound lying between the Florida Keys and the mainland on the east coast of Florida near the southern extremity of the penin- sula. It is about 38 miles long and from 3 to 9 miles wide. The city of Miami is situated on the west side of the bay, about midway between its head and its principal entrance at Cape Florida. Miami is about 335 miles south of the mouth of the St. Johns River and 160 miles north and east of Key West. (See U. S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey Chart No. 583). The harbor embraces the artificial basins and channels that have been dredged along the city front and through the shoal water of the bay to the ocean. Original condition.-The greatest natural depths in Biscayne Bay averaged from 6 to 10 feet. Originally a draft of 10 feet could be carried into the bay at Cape Florida and about 7 feet to the mouth of the Miami River. Channels had been dredged by the Florida East Coast Railway Co. and the Peninsula & Occidental Steamship Co. having a minimum usable low-water depth of 111/2 feet on the bar at Cape Florida and 12 feet in the bay and a usable width of 75 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 25 feet deep at mean low water, 500 feet wide from that depth in the ocean to near the outer ends of the jetties, thence 300 feet wide through the entrance reducing to 200 feet wide across Biscayne Bay and following the route of the existing municipal channel, and for two stone jetties, the north one to be 3,000 feet long and the south jetty 2,750 feet long. The plan of improvement embraces dredging and rock excavation in the channel, with a land cut through the peninsula and parallel stone jetties for protection of the entrance. The mean tidal variation is 2.2 feet at the entrance and 1.5 feet in the bay. The extreme variation is about 3.5 feet at the entrance and 2.4 feet in the bay. Strong easterly winds raise the water level about 1.5 feet at the entrance and 1 foot in the bay. Strong westerly winds lower the water level about 1 foot at the entrance and about 0.5 foot in the bay. The estimate of cost revised in 1927 is $3,710,000 for new work. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $55,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for an 18-foot chan- nel and for jetty construction (H. Doc. No. 662, 56th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of March 2, 1907, fixed the width of the channel at 100 feet; the act)of July 25, 1912, provided for a channel 20 feet deep, 300 feet wide, and for extension of the jetties (H. Doc. No. 554, 62d aExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS'-JACKSONVILLE, LA., DISTRICT 721 Cong., 2d sess.) ; and the act of March 3, 1925, provided for the present dimensions of the project (H. Doc. No. 516, 67th Cong., 4th sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, adopting the first project, imposed the condition that the Florida East Coast Railway Co. should construct at its own expense a basin 1,600 feet long and 500 feet wide adjacent to the wharves at Miami, and a channel not less than 85 feet nor more than 100 feet wide across the bay from this basin to the basin to be dug by the United States near the entrance, and should contract with the United States to secure in the basin and channel depths equal to that obtained by the United States in the entrance (under the then existing 18-foot project), and to maintain these depths for three years after comple- tion of the entrance channel. It was also required that the channel and basin should be- open to the free and unobstructed use of the public, and that the railroad wharves and other facilities should be open to use by all shippers at reasonable rates and on just and reasonable conditions. A contract containing the required stipulations was entered into on October 15, 1902, between the Secretary of War, on behalf of the United States, and the Florida East Coast Railway Co. Between March, 1903, and January, 1906, the railway company dredged the channel across the bay to a width of 100 to 120 feet and to a least depth of 12 to 14 feet at mean low water, and constructed a basin in front of its wharves at Miami 1,000 feet long and 500 feet wide, with an available depth of 10 feet or over. The amount expended by the railway company in this work was over $200,000. The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, adopting the 20-foot project, as amended by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, imposes the condition that local interests shall provide suitable ter- minals, open to public use, and provides that nothing in the act shall be construed to relieve the railway company of its obligations under its contract with the United States. The railway company declined to do any further work in the chan- nel across the bay, and suit to enforce specific performance of the contract was instituted. The case was tried in July, 1914, and was decided adversely to the United States. On April 26, 1915, the Secretary of War approved terminal plans adopted by the city of Miami, and on January 18, 1916, the Secretary of War accepted the evidence submitted by the city as satisfactory assurance that suitable terminals would be provided as required by the appropriation act. The plans contemplate the construction of wharves on the bay front, the excavation of a turning basin in front of them, and the dredging of a channel 100 feet wide and 18 feet deep at low water from the turning basin across the bay to the inner end of the Government cut. All work of city cooperation has been com- pleted. A channel has also been dredged 12 feet deep and 100 feet wide to connect the basin in front of the wharves of the Florida East Coast Railway Co. with the city's turning basin, and another channel dredged 18 feet deep and 150 feet wide from the city's turning basin south for a distance of about 4,000 feet along the harbor line in front of Bay Front Park. The city manager of Miami reports the total cost to the city for harbor work to March 31, 1927, as $988,681.50 722 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 for dredging, $2,191,183.45 for docks, and $66,508.90 for removal of wrecks, a total of $3,246,373.85. The river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, imposes the conditioh that local interests shall dredge and enlarge the present tuining basin at the municipal dock to a depth of 25 feet. This condition has not been entirely complied with, though a resolution passed by the board of commissioners of the city of Miami pledging the city's compliance has been accepted by the Secretary of War as a satisfactory guaranty that the work will be done. Before the improvement of Biscayne Bay was undertaken by the United States the Florida East Coast Railway Co. and the Peninsula & Occidental Steamship Co. dredged at their own expense a channel 9 feet deep from the Cape Florida entrance to the railway wharves in the Miami River. Later this channel was made 12 feet deep at the entrance and up the bay to the new railway wharves on the bay front. This channel has been redredged from time to time and is the channel now used by some vessels, though the greater part of the commerce is through the Government cut. The cost of the work was over $150,000. Terminal facilities.-Not including the municipal piers, these con- sist of eight wharves, having a total frontage of 3,500 feet, five with 18 to 25 feet and three with 8 to 13 feet of water. Two of these wharves have railway and highway connections. In addition to these, 6,250 feet of berthing space has been completed on the south side of the new Government cut, 2,250 feet having 25 feet and 4,000 feet having 18 feet of water. These terminals have neither railway nor highway connections, access being afforded by ferries and lighters. Four oil tanks of 146,500 barrels total capacity have been cpnstructed at these wharves and two warehouses were built but were destroyed by the hurricane of September, 1926. The municipal piers, built in accordance with plans approved by the Secretary of War, as required by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, have been completed, providing berthing space of about 5,775 feet, with 25 feet of water, warehouse, and storage yard. Two of these piers have railway and highway connections, the other one has highway connection only. Miami Beach has a small municipal wharf with 18 feet of water and highway connection only. All terminals are open to the public except three of the wharves, which are used by oil companies, and two of the municipal piers at Miami which have been leased to steamship companies. While the facilities are adequate for present needs, additional facilities will probably be necessary on completion of the work under the 25-foot project. (For full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 8, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The completion of the 20-foot project has had a pronounced effect on railroad and water-transportation rates. Cape Florida entrance is no longer used by commerce, except by a few fishing boats, general commerce now using the dredged channel almost exclusively. A large increase in commerce has taken place since the completion of the latter channel. Operations a d results during fiscal year.-Contract for dredging under the 25lfot project, which was begun the previous year, was continued dtiring the first part of the year, and completed in October, RIVERS AND HARBORS JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 723 1927. During this period rock and other materials amounting to 1,016,300 cubic yards were removed from 12,575 feet of the channel, the contract section being about 24,200 feet long.: From August 16 to November 28, 1927, the U. S. hopper dredge W. L. Marshall re- moved 443,687 cubic yards, bin measure, of material from 5,280 feet of the outer bar section. Between May 3 and the end of the fiscal year the U. S. hopper dredge Dan C. Kingman removed 285,758 cubic yards, bin measure, from the outer bar section, thereby completing 85 per cent of the work necessary to bring this section to project dimensions. The total cost was $1,166,862.20, all for new work. Between July 25, 1927, and February 1, 1928, partial repairs of damage done to the north jetty and revetment by the hurricane of September, 1926, were completed under contract, 911 cubic yards of Florida limestone and 3,452 tons of granite having been placed in 1,100 feet of the north jetty and revetment, all for maintenance. Be- tween July 1 and August 12, 1927, under contract, 43,090 cubic yards of dredged rock were placed in the foundation for the extension of the north jetty, and 4,710 cubic yards in that for the south jetty, all being new work. As a result of washing by waves and tide, there remained in place in the foundations for the jetty extensions only about 50,000 cubic yards of approximately 122,000 cubic yards of material actually placed therein, including that placed during the preceding fiscal year. Contract was entered into March 20, 1928, for extending the jetties and repair to south revetment. Work was com- menced May 19, 1928, and was in progress at the end of the fiscal year, 8,754 cubic yards of Florida limestone having been deposited in 1,100 lineal feet of the north jetty extension on new work, and 1,210 cubic yards of Florida limestone having been placed in 590 feet of the south revetment, for maintenance. The north jetty foundation has been brought to approximate project dimensions for a distance of 200 feet, and the south revetment has been brought to project dimensions for a distance of 250 feet. The total cost of this work was $139,651.82, of which $112,361.36 was for new work, and $27,290.45 was for maintenance. The north reservation was graded under contract in February, 11,000 cubic yards of material being handled. A large amount of work was done in connection with War Department authorizations for work in navigable waters. The cost of this work was $17,129.57, all for maintenance. The total cost of all work was $1,323,643.59, of which $1,279,223.57 was for new work and $44,420.02 was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $1,587,967.43. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 87.7 per cent com- pleted. Dredging under the 25-foot project was completed in Octo- ber, 1927, except for the outer bar section, on which dredging is about 85 per cent completed. During the calendar year 1908, 1,295 lineal feet of the north jetty and 1,745 lineal feet of the south jetty were completed. They were both extended 405 feet in 1922 and practically all low places were raised to project dimensions. The north jetty is now being extended 1,300 feet and the south jetty 600 feet, this work being about 19.3 per cent completed. The shores of the cut through the peninsula have been revetted, the length of revetment being 1,600 feet on the north shore and 1,935 feet on the south shore. Repairs to jetties and revetments necessitated by the 724 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 hurricane of September, 1926, are about 12 per cent completed. The controlling depths are 25.9 feet for a width of 200 feet across Bis- cayne Bay, 25.5 feet for a width of 300 feet in the channel between the jetties, 26.6 feet for a width of 500 feet in the bar section, and 24.9 feet for a width of 500 feet in the outer bar section. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is the completion of dredging on the outer bar and the completion of the extensions of the north and south jetties now being done under contract. The total cost of the existing project has been $3,873,773.20, of which $3,251,622.48 was for new work and $622,150.72 was for maintenance. The total expenditure has been $3,826,994.35. Proposed operatios.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($423,048.38), will be applied as follows: New work: Completion of work under existing contract for jetty ex- tensions ------------------- ----- $189, 000. 00 Building roads on reservation to connect with city street and interconnection of buildings on reservation; placing top muck soil on newly filled and graded ground on reser- vation to support planting and growth . - ___- - 8, 000. 00 Operation of dredge Kingman on outer bar during July, 1928, including blasting operations and payment of out- standing liabilities --_____ 65, 000. 00 Total for new work------------------------------- 262 000. 00 Maintenance: Partial repairs of damages to north and south jetties caused by the hurricane of September, 1926_ 100, 000. 00 Repair of damages to north revetment caused by hurricane of September, 1926 . -........... __ _ _ ............... 9, 000. 00 Completion of contract for repairs to south revetment (in- cluded in jetty extension contract) __ 26, 600. 00 Office expenses, supervision of waterways in vicinity, care and preservation of reservation, upkeep of floating equip- ment and motor vehicles and contingencies --------------- 25, 448. 38 Total for maintenance ----------------------------- 161, 048.38 Total-------- ---------------------------------- 423, 048. 38 The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($200,000), will be applied to maintenance as follows: Completion of repairs of damages to north and south jetties caused by the hurricane of September, 1926- ------------------ $150, 000 Operation of hopper dredge, 2 months, at $18,000 per month .---------- 36, 000 Care and preservation of reservation and upkeep of floating equip- ment and motor vehicles_ .------ ___- ------ _____ ___-- 5, 000 Office expenses, supervision of the navigable waterways in the vicinity, and contingencies ------------------------------------------ 9, 000 Total ---------------------------------------------- 200, 000 Comner cial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1927 consisted principally of asphalt, automobiles, agricultural imple- ments, building materials, canned foods, cement, crushed stone, elec- trical and plumbing supplies, fish, flour, fruits, furniture, grain, groceries, lumber, paper, petroleum products, rock and sand, vege- tables, and general merchandise. The tonnage for the year amounted RIVERS AND HARBORS JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 725 to 1,335,157 short tons, valued at $47,714,789. Of this amount, 110,633 short tons, valued at $5,539,643, was foreign commerce; 630,281 short tons, valued at $36,309,009, was coastwise commerce; 588,667 short tons, valued at $1,702,887, was local traffic, and 5,566 short tons, valued at $4,163,250, was general ferry traffic. As compared with that of the preceding year, this is a decrease in total tonnage of about 29 per cent, due to greatly decreased'receipts of cement and lumber and a general decrease in local traffic occasioned by reduced activities in construction. The foreign commerce decreased about 36 per cent, due to reduced receipts of cement and lumber; the coastwise commerce decreased about 13 per cent, an increase of over 140 per cent in ship- ments being offset by a decrease of about 20 per cent in receipts. The local commerce decreased about 40 per cent, due to reduced shipments across the harbor of building and construction materials and water. The foreign and coastwise commerce, about 55 per cent of the total, used the improved channel and was carried in steamers, motor vessels, sailing vessels, and barges towed by steamers drawing from 10 to 22 feet. The remaining 45 per cent, which was local commerce, did not benefit directly by the improved channel. No lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the year. Comparative statement General cargo General ferry Year Passen- gers Tons Value Tons Value 1923- -..- .. ... .. ... . . 776, 394 $18, 893, 001 . - - 23, 968 1924 -------------------------------------- 105, 616 35, 366, 331 -------------------- 35, 471 1925- ----- 2, 401,472 .--------------------------- 84, 349, 553 ----------- 46, 615 1926.. ------------------------------- 1,882, 597 67, 235, 396 --------------------- 38, 990 1927------ - .-- 1, 329, 591 _------------------------ ...... 43, 551, 539 5, 566 $4, 163, 250 30,937 Cost and ftinanclal summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928______________--------------------$____3, 251, 622.48 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 ------------------- __ - 622, 150. 72 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------ 3, 873, 773.20 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928_.......... 27,443. 87 Net total cost to June 30, 1928----__ -- - _ _ 3, 901, 217. 07 Add accounts receivable June 30, 1928 -------_______ -- _______ 5, 891.03 Gross total costs to June 30, 1928__---- -__ ______ ___ 3, 907, 108. 10 Minus accounts payable-June 30, 1928 .- ___-_- - - -_____--80, 113. 75 Net total expenditures __-- ___-- __------- ___- ___ 3, 826, 994. 35 - Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 ________-______--___- 423, 048.38 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------------- 4, 250, 042. 73 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work..--------................--..------------............------.....................--------------......-----------. $1, 279, 223. 57 Cost of maintenance---------------.................------...----.......------............---......... -------------- ..........------------- 44, 420. 02 Total cost----.....------------....------------............................ ......................... 1, 323, 643. 59 Total expended................ $83, 585. 50 $39,349. 95 $60, 361. 06 $977, 570. 69 1, 587, 967. 43 Allotted ..................--... .... 62, 800. 00 32,000. 00 1,100,000.00 1, 526, 000. 00 333,000.00 1 - ' - 726 'REPORT- OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927-------------------------- $1, 678, 015.81 Amount allotted from War Department appropri- ation act approved Mar. 23, 1928 __-_____--__ $1, 255, 000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropri- ation act approved Feb. 23, 1927-------------- 183, 000. 00 1, 438, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for-- .... __-- -_______- 3, 116, 015. 81 Deductions on account of advances under act of Mar. 3, 1925, re- paid city of Miami, Fla____________1____-__-__- - __ _ 1, 105, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for----------------------- 2, 011, 015. 81 Gross amount expended _____ ______ -- ____________ 1, 587, 967. 43 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 _____------------- - 423, 048.38 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928_- ___------$59, 532.18 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts--------- 198, 998. 44 258, 530. 62 Balance available June 30, 1928 _______________------- 164, 517. 76 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 2- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - 196, 400.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending ---- ------- ------- ----- June 30, 1930, for maintenance 2_ 200, 000.00 9. HARBOR AT KEY WEST, FLA. Location and description.-Key West is located on the island of Key West, near the western end of the Florida Keys. It is about 516 statute miles from Jacksonville, 644 statute miles from New Orleans, and 220 miles south of the entrance to Tampa Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 584.) The harbor proper lies in front of the town, protected on the eastern side by the island and on the other sides by submerged reefs and sand flats. It has a length of about 2 miles and a width of about one-quarter mile. Southwest of the harbor proper there is a large anchorage area protected by the reef. Entrance to the harbor is had through breaks in the reef, there being five main and several minor channels. Original condition.-The natural depth in the harbor was from 22 to 28 feet. The northwest entrance was obstructed by a sand shoal, over which the controlling depth was 10.5 feet at mean low water. The main ship channel had a least depth of 29 feet, but scattered coral heads and shoals made it difficult and dangerous for large vessels to enter. The minimum depths in the other principal chan- nels varied from 22 to 30 feet, but all were obstructed by coral heads. The depth in the anchorage was 30 to 45 feet. A draft of 26 feet could be taken into the harbor at low water by way of the main ship or the west channels. Previous projects.---A proje for improvement of the northwest entrance was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882. A special survey, with a view to preparation of plans for future work, was ordered by the river and harbor act of August 5, 1886. The cost and expenditures on these projects were $27,500, of which $25,000 was for the improvement work and $2,500 was for the survey. For further details of previous projects see page 1827 of Annual Report for 1915. 1 Balance July 1, 1927, reduced $2,118 due to cost adjustment pertaining to previous fiscal year. ....Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 727 E isting project.-This provides for the removal of coral heads and reefs from the main ship channel and anchorage, so as to give a clear depth of 30 feet at mean low water and a width in the channel of 300 feet; and for a northwest entrance channel with depth of 17 feet at mean low water and of sufficient width for navigation, to be obtained by the construction of a stone jetty on each side of the entrance and by dredging; removing the middle ground to the extent of widening the channel opposite the wharves to a width of 800 feet and a depth of 26 feet at mean low water. The mean range of tide is 2.6 feet at the northwest entrance and 1.4 feet in the main ship channel and in the harbor. The extreme range of tide is 3.5 feet at the northwest entrance, 2 feet in the main ship channel, and 2.5 feet in the harbor. Ordinary strong winds from any direction appear to have little effect on the water level. Hurricanes, however, have been known to raise the water level 4 feet above mean low water in the harbor when the wind was from the southerly direction. The esti- mate of cost of the east jetty at the northwest entrance was $500,000; for the extension of the east jetty, $200,000; and for the west jetty, $900,000; or $1,600,000 in all, exclusive of amounts expended on pre- vious projects. No approved estimate of cost of dredging work at that entrance has been made. The estimated cost of the work in the main ship channel and the anchorage was $48,000. Estimated cost of the work in removing the middle ground was $321,200, or a total estimated cost of $1,969,200, for new work. The latest (1928) approved estimate of cost of annual maintenance, exclusive of the jetties, is $6,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The river and harbor act of September 19, 1890, pro- vided for the northwest entrance. (H. Doc. No. 145, 50th Cong., 2d sess., and H. Ex. Doc. No. 39, 51st Cong., 1st sess., reprinted in An- nual Reports for 1889, pp. 1328-1337, and for 1890, pp. 1581-1596), this being later modified by special act approved May 28, 1908, which authorized the application of funds already appropriated to the re- moval of certain reefs in the main ship channel; the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, provided for the main ship channel (H. Doc. No. 706, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The removal of the middle ground was provided for by the act of July 18, 1918 (H. Doc. No. 185, 65th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published maps are in House Document No. 706, Sixty-second Congress, second session; House Document No. 680, Sixty-third Congress, second session; and House Document No. 185, Sixty-fifth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of four wharves and six piers, used for general freight, etc., having berthing space of 11,744 feet. All have connection with city streets, two piers having rail connec- tions. Terminals are adequate for present needs and with the excep- tion of one wharf are open to the public. In addition to the above, there are four Government piers, having a berthing space of 4,138 feet. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 8, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement of the northwest pas- sage affords a safe route from Gulf ports to Key West and by way of the main ship channel to the Atlantic, enabling vessels drawing 728 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 17 feet or less to avoid the longer and more dangerous passage through the Straits of Florida. The improvement of the main ship channel has made it safe to navigate by day or night for vessels drawing less than 30 feet. The improved facilities have benefited they commerce of the port and are of great value to the smaller vessels of the United States Navy, enabling them to reach the naval station at Key West without difficulty or danger. Operations and results during fiscal year.---Miscellaneous hired- labor work was done in connection with maintenance of the harbor, collection of commercial statistics, removal of obstructions, and supervision of work under permits. The U. S. hopper dredge Com- stock arrived at Key West February 2. Maintenance dredging in the northwest channel was in progress between February 4 and Feb- ruary 25, the material removed amounting to 117,352 cubic yards, bin measure. The dredge left Key West for the Wilmington (N. C.) district February 27. The total cost was $16,314.80, all of which was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $16,160.04. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project as a whole is about 46.4 per cent completed. The project for the main ship channel and anchorage was completed in the calendar year 1914 at a total cost of $31,384.23. A clear channel with a least depth of 30 feet at mean low water and a least width of 300 feet was made through the main ship channel, and a reef in the anchorage area, with only 22 feet of water over it, was removed to a depth of 30 feet. A channel 18 feet deep at mean low water and 250 feet wide has been dredged through the northwest channel bar. The removal of the middle ground was completed in the calendar year 1923, the channel being dredged to a depth of 26 feet at mean low water for a width of 800 feet and a length of 3,835 feet opposite the wharves. At the north- west entrance, the west jetty has been built to a height of from 3 to 5 feet below mean low water for a length of 6,452 feet, and the east jetty has been built to a height of 3 feet above mean low water for a length of 5,642 feet and to a height of from 5 to 7 feet below mean low water for a further length of 5,712 feet. The last work on the west jetty was done in the fiscal year 1900, and that on the east jetty was done in the fiscal year 1909. No further work on the jetties is considered necessary. At the end of the fiscal year the controlling depths at mean low water were 30 feet for a width of 300 feet in the main ship channel, 26 feet for a width of 800 feet in the middle ground, and 18 feet for a width of 175 feet in the northwest channel. The total cost of the existing project has been $1,106,298.42, of which $975,368.80 was for new work and $130,929.62 was for maintenance, including $33,658.67 for new work in the main ship channel, $2,274.44 expended in removing coral heads from the main ship channel under authority given in the special act of May 28, 1908, and $305,847.21 expended for new work in removal of the middle ground. The total expenditure has been $1,103,629.65. Proposed operations.--The balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($29,- 070.35), will be.applied to new work and maintenance as follows: New work : Completion of removal of rock shoal in widening middle ground --------------------------------------------- $24, 000.00 Maintenance: Office expenses, survey of northwest entrance, super- vision of harbor, and contingencies -------------------------- 5, 070. 35 Total for new work and maintenance------------------- 29, 070. 35 RIVERS AND HARBORS JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 729 The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, $6,000, will be applied to office expenses, super- vision of harbor, survey of northwest entrance, and contingencies. No funds can be profitably expended for new work during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, as the needs of commerce are not suf- ficient to justify the relatively high cost of completing the jetties. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1927 consisted principally of animal products, brick, canned foods, coal and coke, fish, fruits, grain, gravel and sand, iron ore, lumber, ma- chinery, petroleum products, sugar, vegetables, and general mer- chandise. The tonnage for the year amounted to 1,045,628 short tons, valued at $132,397,224. Of this total 129,005 short tons, valued at $1,763,362, was foreign commerce; 160,026 short tons, valued at $2,507,903, was coastwise commerce; 3,300 short tons, valued at $355,- 600, was local traffic; 435,483 short tons, valued at $50,941,078, was ocean car-ferry traffic, and 317,814 short tons, valued at $76,829,281, were cargoes in transit. As compared with that of the preceding year, this is a decrease in total tonnage of over 30 per cent, due to a general slackening in foreign trade and greatly reduced " in transit" cargoes. The foreign commerce decreased about 40 per cent due entirely to reduced importations of petroleum products from Mexico; the coastwise commerce increased about 139 per cent due to increased receipts of oils, a gain of about 331 per cent in receipts offsetting a loss in shipments of about 92 per cent. The coastwise shipments are generally small and a small gain or loss in any commodity makes a noticeable difference in the total. The local commerce increased about 10 per cent due to increased receipts of fish. The ocean car- ferry traffic decreased about 22 per cent due entirely to decreased im- ports from Cuba. About 95 per cent of the total commerce reported used the main ship channel, of which about 18 per cent was carried in steamers drawing from 24 to 30 feet, and about 77 per cent in steamers, motor boats, sailboats, and barges drawing from 10 to 24 feet. About 5 per cent of the total tonnage used the northwest en- trance and was carried in steamers, motor boats and sailboats draw- ing from 6 to 16 feet. Less than 1 per cent of the total tonnage reported did not use either entrance and was carried in the motor boats drawing from 2 to 6 feet. The railway car ferry to Cuba han- dled about 41 per cent of the total commerce. A large number of vessels, including naval vessels, drawing as much as 28 feet, called at Key West for orders and supplies. No lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the year. Comparative statement General freight Ocean car ferry Total Freight in transit Year Passen- gers Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1923..... 241, 371 $8, 149, 970 351, 336 $76, 350, 337 592, 707 $84, 500, 307 255, 003 $65,092,752 75, 646 1924-_- 224,488 7, 968,228 381, 370 57, 596, 684 605, 858 65, 564, 912 654, 109 153, 898, 905 82, 233 1925..... 243, 148 6, 794,289 411,070 58, 268, 733 654, 218 65, 063, 022 740, 537 138, 647, 060 112, 591 1926-.....280, 677 4,879,194 560,602 40, 945, 452 841, 279 45, 824, 646 660, 129 219, 607, 144 79, 721 1927 . 292, 331 4, 626, 865 435, 483 50, 941,078 727,814 55, 567,943 317,814 76, 829, 281 89, 294 730 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 ------ ----------------- $1, 000, 368. 80 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928--------------------------- 130, 929. 62 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 ----------- 1, 131, 298. 42 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928------------------------- 168. 77 Net total expenditures------------------------------- 1, 131, 129. 65 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 ---------------------------- 29, 070.35 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------------- 1, 160, 200.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work......... ....... ... Cost of maintenance----_ -------------- -- ---------------------------------- $16, 314. 80 Total expended ............---------------------- $74, 273. 97 $2, 221. 99 $2, 044. 37 $2, 158. 63 16, 160. 04 Allotted---------------------...................._----------- ------------------------ 10, 000. 00 25, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927-------------------------- $20, 230. 39 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928 ------------------------------------------ 25, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for----------------------------45, 230. 39 Gross amount expended ---------------------------------- 16,160.04 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928----------------------29, 070.35 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928---------------------------- 318. 95 Balance available June 30, 1928--------------------------28, 751.40 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - existing project 1 969, 800. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 30, 1930, for maintenance 1 6, 000.00 10. KISSIMMEE RIVER, FLA. Location and description.-This river now has its source in To- hopekaliga Lake, in the central part of the peninsula of Florida, and flows in a southeasterly direction, emptying into Lake Okeecho- bee. Its total length, including several large lakes through which it flows, is about 137 miles. Originally the river had its source in Lake Kissimmee, but many years ago canals were dug, primarily for drain- age purposes, connecting Lakes Kissimmee, Hatcheneha, Cypress, and Tohopekaliga, thus extending the waterway to the latter lake. It is an extremely sinuous and rather sluggish nontidal stream, vary- ing in width from 50 to 100 feet. The average fall is 0.39 foot per mile. The discharge at the mouth is about 1,000 second-feet at ordi- nary low water and about 5,000 second-feet at high water. At ex- treme low water the discharge is much less. Low water usually lasts from March to September and high water from October to January. The drainage area is approximately 3,060 square miles. Original condition.--In its natural state the river was obstructed by sand bars, over which the ruling depth was 2 feet at ordinary low stages, falling to as little as 1 foot or less at extreme low stages. 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 731 Navigation was also obstructed by snags and by many sharp bends. Some of the latter had been eliminated by cut-offs made at private expense, and canals had been dug connecting the several lakes before improvement of the stream was undertaken by the United States. The head of navigation was at the town of Kissimmee, on Lake To- hopekaliga. The length of the navigable portion was 137 miles. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for securing a channel width of 30 feet and a depth of 3 feet at ordinary low stage from the town of Kissimmee, on Lake Tohopekaliga, to Fort Bassenger, 371 miles above the mouth, and also in Istokpoga Creek, a small tributary en- tering 101 miles above Fort Bassenger, by dredging through shoals, removing snags and overhanging trees, and building pile and brush dams and training walls to close subsidiary channels and concentrate the flow in the main channel. The length of the section included in the project is 991/2 miles in the Kissimmee River, the lakes, -and the canals, and 9.4 miles in Istokpoga Creek. The lower end of the sec- tion is 371/2 miles from the mouth of the river. The ordinary fluctua- tion of the water level, due to rainfall, is about 2 feet. The extreme fluctuation is about 4 feet at Lake Tohopekaliga and 3 feet at Fort Bassenger. The high stage usually occurs during the fall months and the low stage in the spring. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1901, was $24,220.90, the estimate, however, being based on a channel width of but 25 feet in Istokpoga Creek, the limit between the banks in places. The latest (1917) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902 (H. Doc. No. 176, 57th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 137, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None is required by the appropriation acts. The canals connecting the lakes, though dug primarily for another purpose, extended navigation to the upper lakes, and form a useful and important part of the present waterway. Local residents have dredged cut-offs through several of the worst bends and have re- moved obstructions from the stream at their own expense. To com- pensate for the lowering of the surface of Lake Okeechobee, which is a feature of its plan for the drainage and reclamation of the Ever- glades, the State of Florida is required by War Department permit to build a lock and dam near the mouth of the Kissimmee River and dredge a channel in the river from the lake to the lock or to do other work necessary to coordinate the improvement of the river for navi- gation with the State's scheme of drainage operations. No construc- tion work has been done under this requirement. Terminal facilities.-The facilities consist of small private land- ings along the river. There are no railway connections. Due to difficulties in navigating the river in its present condition, the com- merce is very small and the facilities are adequate for the demands. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work done under this improvement facilitated the operation of the boats in use on the river but prob- 732 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 ably had no material effect in reducing rates. New railroads have since been built into this territory, and this, together with the fact that the project depths have never been fully maintained, has re- sulted in most of the regular freight boats being withdrawn from the river. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The total ex- penditure was $80.30 for office expenses and inspection, all for maintenance. The cost was $84.05 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in the calendar year 1909, at a saving of $742 under the estimated cost. Channels of project dimensions were dredged through ob- structive shoals and snags, and overhanging trees were removed, and sheet-pile bulkheads and brush-pile dams were built where necessary to confine and direct the flow. The result of this work was a channel of the full project dimensions from Kissimmee to Fort Bas- senger and in Istokpoga Creek. Shoaling occurred and redredging was done. Some of the old bulkheads and dams were also recon- structed and additional ones have been built. The controlling depth is now about 2 feet at ordinary low stages. The total cost has been $48,681.32, of which $23,479.18 was for new ivork and $25,202.14 was for maintenance. The total expenditure has been $48,681.32. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July, 1, 1928 ($1,969.50), will be applied to the maintenance of bulkheads and other control works as may be found necessary during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1929. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($3,000), will be applied to the maintenance of bulkheads and other control works, office expenses, and contingencies. Comwnercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1927 consisted only of fish, amounting to 50 tons, valued at $7,000. As compared with that of the preceding year, this is a decrease in ton- nage of over 99 per cent due to low water. The commerce reported utilized various portions of the channel between Kissimmee and Fort Bassenger and was carried in motor boats drawing less than 2 feet. No lines of transportation were established and two were abandoned during the year. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1923........------------ 2,412 $196, 334 550 1926------------............ 7, 117 $349, 145 1924............ 6, 734 417, 597 ... .- 1927, 50 -.......... 7,000 1926.......... 5, 654 256,137 ............. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928-------------------------$23, 479. 18 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928-- ----------------- 25, 202.14 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------- ---- 48, 681. 32 Net total expenditures------------------------------------48, 681. 32 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928---------------------------1, 969. 50 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928---------- 50, 650. 82 RIVERS AND HARBORS JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 733 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work........................ ............ - -- Cost of maintenance----------- ------------------------------------------------ $84.05 Total expended------------------------- ............................ 5.00 $379.93 $2, 505. 71 $274.88 80.30 Allotted--------------------------............................ ---- 5,000.00 - -- 275. 18 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927-__ - _______- - ___ ___ $2, 324. 98 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927--- -------------------------------------- 2, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for------------------------- 4, 324. 98 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment__------------ 2, 275. 18 Net amount to be accounted for----___ ____--_____ 2, 049. 80 amount Gross Gross mount expended- -- --- -- __-,_-- xpende---------------------------------------803 80. 30 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 -__-.. ______-_- 1, 969. 50 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance 2 -__- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - 3, 000. 00 11. CALOOSAHATCHEE RIVER, FLA. Location and description.-This river now has its source in Lake Okeechobee, in the southern part of the peninsula of Florida, and flows in a general southwesterly direction, emptying into San Carlos Bay, an arm of the Gulf of Mexico, about 20 miles south of the entrance to Charlotte Harbor and 90 miles south of the entrance to Tampa Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 473.) Its total length is about 84 miles. For the lower 17 miles the river has the characteristics of a tidal estuary from one-half mile to 13/4 miles in width. Above the estuary the width varies from 75 to 350 feet. Originally there was no well-defined low-water con- nection with Lake Okeechobee; but many years ago canals were dug, primarily for drainage purposes, connecting the river with that lake through Lake Hicpochee. The river is tidal as far as La Belle, 58.3 miles from Punta Rasa (the mouth). Above La Belle the fall aver- ages about 0.54 foot to the mile and from La Belle to Alva the fall averages about 0.24 foot to the mile. The current is moderate. "The normal low-water discharge in cubic feet per second was formerly about 1,100 and the high-water discharge about 7,000, but the work of the State of Florida in lowering the level of Lake Okeechobee and in constructing locks and dams in the upper portion of the river has resulted in almost entirely shutting off the flow from the lakes. Original condition.-The entrance and the lower part of the estu- ary were obstructed by oyster bars, over which the ruling depth was 51/2 feet at low water. At the head of the estuary there is a broad shoal flat, on which the ruling depth was 31/2 feet. Above the estuary the natural depth was about 4 feet, but navigation was obstructed by bowlders, snags, and overhanging trees and impeded by sharp bends. The minimum usable depth was 51/2 feet from Punta Rasa to Fort 1Balance July 1, 1927, reduced $16.69, cost adjustment pertaining to previous fiscal year. 2Exclusive of available funds. 734 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Myers (16 miles) and 31/2 feet thence to Fort Thompson (45.3 miles). The head of navigation was in the marsh west of Lake Hicpochee, about 75 miles above the mouth. By dredging a canal from the head of the open waters of the river into Lake Hicpochee and thence into Lake Okeechobee, private enterprise had opened navigation from the Caloosahatchee River, through Lake Okeechobee and the Kissim- mee River to Lake Tohopekaliga, a distance of 309 miles above the entrance, before improvement by the United States was undertaken. Tidal influence was perceptible during low stages of the upper river for a distance of about 40 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The first project for this river was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882. The cost and expendi- tures on this project were $9,456.59, all for new work. For further details of previous project see page 1828 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 200 feet wide and 12 feet deep over the bar at the entrance to Punta Rasa and 100 feet wide and 10 feet deep thence to Fort Myers, with a turning basin at that point, and a practicable channel 4 feet deep from Fort Myers to Fort Thompson by dredging on the bar and in the river below Fort Myers, dredging through the shoal at Beautiful Island above Fort Myers, and protecting the dredged cut by a pile, brush, and stone training wall and removing loose rocks, logs, snags, and over- hanging trees from the river between Fort Myers and Fort Thomp- son. The length of the section covered by the project is 19.5 miles from the entrance to Fort Myers and 45.3 miles from Fort Myers to Fort Thompson. The mean range of tide at Punta Rasa is 1.6 feet. The extreme range is 2.5 feet. Strong southwesterly winds raise the water level at the entrance about 1.5 feet. Strong northerly and easterly winds lower the water level about 1 foot. Since the level of Lake Okeecho- bee has been permanently lowered by the State drainage operations flood stages of the upper river rarely attain a height of more than 3 feet above ordinary low stage. Under former conditions the water sometimes rose as much as 12 feet above ordinary low stage at Fort Denaud. Under present conditions tidal influence is perceptible at La Belle, 58.3 miles above the mouth, at low-river stage. The esti- mate of cost for new work revised in 1915 was $132,647, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $15,000. The existing project for the lower river was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 8, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The existing project for the upper river was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 11, 1888 (Annual Report for 1887, p. 1236, and for 1888, p. 1095). The latest pub- lished map is in House Document No. 137, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of April 2, 1928, the Chief of Engineers recommended modification of the exist- ing project so as to provide for a channel 6 feet deep and 80 feet wide, extending from the western boundary of the Everglades drain- age district to Fort Myers, at an estimated cost of $620,000, and $15,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. (H. Doc. No. 215, 70th Cong., 1st sess.) RIVERS AND HARBORS JACKSONVILLE, LFLA. DISTRICT 735 Local cooperation.-In connection with its work of lowering the surface of Lake Okeechobee, which is a feature of its plan for the drainage and reclamation of the Everglades, the State of Florida was authorized by War Department permit to construct a lock at Moorehaven (83.8 miles above Punta Rasa) near the head of the Caloosahatchee River 30 feet wide and 123 feet long (usable length), and was required to dredge a channel not less than 40 feet wide from the lake to La Belle, the bottom sloping from elevation 11 at the lake to elevation 1 at La Belle, or do other work necessary to coordinate the improvement of the river for navigation with the State's scheme of drainage operations. Under date of April 14, 1920, a War De- partment permit was issued authorizing the construction in this sec- tion of a lock near Citrus Center, 11.1 miles below Moorehaven, and a lock and dam (19.4 miles below Moorehaven) near Fort Thompson, both locks to be 30 feet wide and the former to be 123 feet and the latter 125 feet long (usable lengths). The locks have been con- structed and the dredging done. The extent of dredging required below the lower lock was insufficient, the ordinary low-water eleva- tion being 2 feet. Terminal facilities.-In the vicinity of Fort Myers these consist of three freight piers, one railroad terminal pier, one municipal recrea- tion pier, and four privately owned piers. The three freight piers, having a berthing space of about 1,000 feet, are open to the public; one has a railroad spur to the packing house on the outer end; all are connected with the city streets. There are also wooden-pile land- ings at numerous points on the river, open to the public without charge. The facilities are adequate for the present needs of the locality. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement at the entrance and in the lower river has made it possible for coastwise vessels of moderate draft to reach Fort Myers. A regular semiweekly service is main- tained to and from Tampa and a weekly service to and from the town of Everglades, the county seat of Collier County. The improvement of the upper river has made irregular service possible between Fort Myers and Moorehaven and the several settlements between those towns. It has also made possible navigation across the lower portion of the State via Caloosahatchee River, Lake Okeechobee, and the canals constructed by the State from this lake to the east coast. The Atlantic Coast Line Railroad crosses the river at two points about 6 miles and 54 miles, respectively, above Fort Myers, and the Sea- board Air Line Railroad crosses the river about 1 mile above Fort Myers extending westward to Punta Rasa and eastward to La Belle. Operations and results during fiscal year.--Maintenance dredging with hired labor and the U. S. dredge Sarasotain the 10-foot channel, Punta Rasa to Fort Myers, was begun December 28 and was in progress at the end of the fiscal year. The total length of shoals dredged was 27,845 feet, and 205,059 cubic yards of material were removed. Ull project depth of 10 feet with overdepth ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 feet was obtained. The total cost was $44,286.28, all of which was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $38,733.68. 14710---ENG 1928---47 736 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Condition t end of fiecal year.-The project for the upper river was completed in 1891, and that for the river below Fort Myers and on the bar at the entrance in 1913. The 12-foot channel through the bar and the 10-foot channel thence to Fort Myers have shoaled in several places from 1 to 11/ feet. The river from Fort Myers to Fort Denaud has a full 4-foot depth, thence to La Belle and Fort Thompson a 2-foot depth at ordinary low stages. Three dams, with locks, have been constructed by the State between Fort Thompson and Lake Okeechobee. Present controlling depths at mean low water are 11 feet to Punta Rasa, 91 feet to Fort Myers, 4 feet to Fort Denaud, and 2- feet ,to Fort Thompson. The total cost of the exist- ing project has been $354,266.72, of which $119,502.89 was for new work below Fort Myers and $17,993.17 was for new work above Fort Myers and $216,7,70.66 was for maintenance between the Gulf and Fort Thompson. This includes $4,353.33 expended for new work between Fort Myers and Fort Thompson before the formal adoption of the present project. The total expenditure has been $348,802.59. Proposedoperations.--The balance unexpended" July 1, 1928 ($35,- 208.82), will be applied to maintenance as follows: Operation and repair of dredge Sarasota in dredging in 10-foot proj- ect below Fort Meyers, 33/ months, at $6,000 per month--------$22, 500. 00 Operation and repair of dredge Absecon at 2 bar cuts at entrance to river, three-fourths month, at $12,000 per month.----__, --- - - 9, 000. 00 Office expenses, surveys, and contingencies_. -- ---- 3, 708. 82 Total for maintenance.--------- .---- ---- 35, 208. 82 The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($15,000), will be applied to maintenance as follows: Operation and repair of dredge Sarasota, 21/4 months, at $6,000 per month -------------------------------------------- $13, 500 Office expenses, surveys, and contingencies- _-------------------- 1, 500 Total for maintenance,-------------------------------15, 000 Coammercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1927 consisted mostly of building and construction materials, canned foods, cement, citrus fruits, dynamite, feed, fertilizer, fish, flour, grain, lumber, machinery, oils, shell, sugar, vegetables, and general mer- chandise. The tonnage for the year amounted to 50,094 short tons, valued at $3,042,406. Of this total, 22.906 short tons, valued at $2,344,251, was coastwise commerce; 6,317 short tons, valued at $586,033, was internal commerce; and 20,871 short tons,: valued at $112,122, was local commerce. As compared with that of the preced- ing year, this is a decrease in total tonnage of over 38 per cent, due to generally decreased receipts and shipments of all commodities. A large portion of the internal commerce formerly using the river is now transported via truck over the completed roads. The coast- wise commerce decreased about 33 per cent; the internal commerce decreased about 42 per cent, and the local commerce decreased about 38 per cent. All of the coastwise commerce passed over the improve- ment below Fort Myers and was carried in steamers and motor boats. drawing from 5 to 9 feet. All of the internaY commerce, both above and below Fort Myers, was carried in motor boats and on barges drawing from 2 to 5 feet. No lines of transportation were established, and one was abandoned during the ygar. RIVERS AND HARBORS JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 737 Comparative statement Vessel traffic Floated logs In transit Total Year Pas- sengers Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1923........-----------... 50, 229 $3,308,550 1, 920 $46, 080 ---------------- 52, 149 $3, 354, 630 3, 665 1924.........-----------. 57, 644 4,148, 983-----------------2, 084 $152, 722 59, 728 4, 301, 705 9, 384 1925 .......-----------. 74, 783 5, 572, 013 -_---- -.------- l---------- 74, 783 5, 572, 013 5, 996 1926-----------............. 79, 541 3, 733, 642 -------------------------- --- 79, 541 3, 733, 642 12, 677 1927............. 50, 094 3, 042, 406 .------------------------------ 50, 094 3, 042, 406 6, 606 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928__--- ____------------- $146, 952. 65 Cost .of maintenance to June 30, 1928 --------- 1----- ---- 1 216, 770. 66 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928_---------- 363, 723. 31 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928-- 82. 51 6----------- Net total cost to June 30, 1928- - ------------------- 364, 405. 82 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928-.------------------- 6,146. 64 Net total expenditures____-- 358, 259. 18 _------____-- Unexpended balance June 30, 1928--_--------------------- 35, 208. 82 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------------- 393, 468. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost ofnew work.........-......... Cost of maintenance -- ......... . ..........----- ----.............--- - ----------- ...... --.-... ----------- - .- $44, 286. 28 Total expended----------------------............................ $24, 450. 53 $35, 414. 57 $4, 080.43 $3, 557. 50 38, 733.68 Allotted----------------------------................................ 32,500.00 14,495.00 15,000.00 37,500.00 25, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927_____-_____________________ $48, 942. 50 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928--------------- 25,000. 00 Amount to be accounted for_ -___ _________- __ -___ 73, 942.50 Gross amount expended------ ----------------------------- 38, 733. 68 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 --- ____ ___----_ 35, 208. 82 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 192811 ..... 111111--11 114, 490. 93 Balance available June 30, 1928__ --- -------------------- 30,717. 89 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 30, 1930, for maintenance 1 15, 000. 00 12. ORANGE RIVER, FLA. Location and description.-This river rises in the southwestern part of the peninsula of Florida and flows in a general northwesterly direction, emptying into the Caloosahatchee River about 6 miles above Fort Myers. Its total length is somewhat over 6 miles. The stream is tidal and drains an area of about 115 square miles. Its width varies from 40 to 90 feet. 1 Exclusive of available funds. REORTi OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Original condition.-The river was obstructed by snags and over- hanging trees and by nine shoals, consisting of sand and mud, with some bowlders and loose rock. The limiting depth over the shoals was 21/2 feet. The usable width of the channel was about 30 feet. The head of navigation was the iron bridge at Buckingham, 5.7 miles above the mouth. The length of the navigable portion of the river was 5.7 miles. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for securing and maintaining a continuous channel with a navigable depth of 4 feet at mean low water and a width of 50 feet from the mouth of the river to the head of navigation at Buckingham, by dredging and the removal of snags and overhanging trees. The length of the section included in the project is 5.7 miles. The mean range of tide is about 0.8 foot at the mouth and 0.5 foot at the head of navigation at low-river stage. The extreme range is about 1.3 feet at the mouth and 0.8 foot at the head of navigation. Flood conditions raise the water level about 1.5 feet at the head of navigation and about 1 foot at the mouth. Strong westerly winds raise the water level about 1 foot and strong easterly winds lower the water level about 0.7 foot. The estimate of cost for new work was $2,500. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902 (H. Doc. No. 318, 56th Cong., 1st sess.). No map of the river has been published. Recomnmended modification of project.-None. Local cooperaition.-None. Terminal facilities.-Several small landing platforms have been built near the packing houses along the banks. Effect of improvement.-The improvement affords an economical and convenient avenue of transportation for supplies and produce of the tributary territory and has contributed to the development of the country along its banks. The Seaboard Airline Railroad crosses the river about 21/2 miles above the mouth. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1903, at a saving of $500 under the estimated cost. The controlling depth is 4 feet at mean low water from the mouth to a point about 2 miles below Buckingham, thence 3 feet to Buckingham. The upper portion is badly obstructed by fallen trees, and navigation there, except by small boats, is difficult. Practically no navigation has existed in the upper portion of the river in recent years. The total cost of the existing project has been $9,924.92, of which $2,000 was for new work and $7,924.92 was for maintenance. The total expenditure has been $9,924.92. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($175), will be applied to office work and miscellaneous expenses in connection with the supervision of the project, 'the issue of permits, etc., as may be necessary. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, as no work is contemplated. Conmmercial statistics.-There was no commerce on the river during the calendar year 1927. There are a few private launches and irregu- RIVERS AND HARBORS JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 739 lar excursions from Fort Myers, but there is no regular movement of freight or passengers. The loss in commerce is due to the discon- tinuance of the only freight line operating on the river. All freight is now moved via railroad and truck to and from Fort Myers and vicinity. No lines of transportation were established and one was abandoned during the year. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1923-.------------------------- 800 $58,913 1926-.-----------------------3 , 000 989 $180, 1924-------------------------1,900 142,400 1927-------------_-----None.----- 1925--_-----------------------2,149 167,258 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 _ _$------------------2, 000. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928----------------------------7, 924. 92 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928--------------- 9, 924. 92 Net total expenditures- ------------------- 9, 924. 92 ---- Unexpended balance June 30, 1928______________ _- - - 175.00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928_______________ 10, 099. 92 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work.......................................... . ... ........-.......... Cost of maintenance------------------ --------------------------------------------- Total expended----- --------------------------------------------- $1,824.92 Allotted -------------- --------------------------- 2,000.00 -$0.08 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927_ ____--- ---------------- $175. 08 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927------------------------------------------------ --- 175. 00 Amount to be accounted for_ Deduction on account of revocation of allotment____________--- ___ __----------__ 08 -____--350. __ 175. 08 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 _________-----_____-__-- 175. 00 13. CHARLOTTE HARBOR, FLA. Location and description.-CharlotteHarbor is a large bay on the west coast of Florida. The entrance is 70 miles south of the en- trance to Tampa Bay and 150 miles north of Key West. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1255.) From the entrance the harbor extends in an easterly direction about 11 miles, thence northwardly about 11 miles. Peace Creek enters at the head of the harbor. About 2 miles up Peace Creek is located the town of Punta Gorda. The general width of the harbor is 5 to 51/ miles. The total area is about 111 square miles. Original condition.-The depth at the entrance was 24 feet, except on the bar, where the minimum usable depth was 19 feet at mean low water. From the anchorage to the mouth of Peace Creek there was a channel 15 feet deep, except at shoals 6 to 10 miles from the en- 740 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 trance, where the available depth was 9 feet. From the mouth of Peace Creek to the wharves at Punta Gorda the limiting depth was 8 to 10 feet. Previous projects.-Improvement of Charlotte Harbor and Peace Creek was undertaken by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890. A project for the improvement of the inside passage from Charlotte Harbor to Punta Rasa (Pine Island Sound) was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. The cost and expendi- ture on these projects were $100,000 for Charlotte Harbor and Peace Creek and $6,000 for the inside passage, all for new work. For fur- ther details of previous project see page 1828 of Annual Report for 1915, and page 291 of Annual Report for 1904. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 27 feet deep at mean low water and 300 feet wide, increased to 500 feet wide at the bend, from the Gulf of Mexico, to Boca Grande, just inside the en- trance, to be secured by dredging. The mean range of tide is 1.4 feet. The extreme range is 2 feet. Strong southwesterly winds raise the water level 1 to 11/2 feet. Strong northerly and easterly winds lower the water level about 1 foot. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1925, exclusive of amount expended on previous project, was $115,600. The latest (1928) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $25,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 699, 62d Cong., 2d sess.), provided for a depth of 24 feet, and the act of March 3, 1925 (H. Doc. No. 113, 66th Cong., 1st sess.), provided for the pres- ent dimensions of the project. The latest published maps are in House Documents Nos. 113, Sixty-sixth Congress, first session, and 657, Sixty-eighth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of December 8, 1927, the Chief of Engineers recommended modification of the existing project for inner channels in Charlotte Harbor, Fla., so as to provide for a channel 10 feet deep and 100 feet wide from deep water at Boca Grande to the end of the proposed municipal terminal at Maud Street, Punta Gorda, with a turning basin 200 feet square at the outer end of the terminal, and also for the abandonment of that part of the existing project extending eastward from the channel herein recommended, at an estimated cost of $22,500, with $4,000 annually for maintenance, subject to the provision that local inter- ests shall give assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War that a suitable terminal with railroad connections will be constructed under plans to be approved by the Chief of Engineers. (H. Comn. Doc. No. 1, 70th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, adopting the present project, imposed the condition that local inter- ests contribute one-half of the estimated original cost of the proposed improvement. The required contribution of $20,000 was deposited by the Charlotte Harbor & Northern Railway interests with the United States Subtreasury at New York on October 22, 1912, and became available for expenditure on October 26. 1912. Terminal facilities.-These consist of a phosphate wharf at South Boca Grande, and three freight wharves at Punta Gorda. The RIVERS AND HARBORS JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 741 former has a berthing space of 250 feet for vessels of 27-foot or less draft and a phosphate storage shed, capacity 10,000 tons, with mechanical apparatus for loading vessels. The Charlotte Harbor & Northern Railway track extends to the head of the wharf. One of the wharves at Punta Gorda has railroad connection, the others connect with city streets. The facilities at South Boca Grande are inadequate for the needs of the present commerce and plans are said to have been completed for an additional wharf with loading equipment which would double the present capacity. All the wharves are open to the public, except the wharf at Punta Gorda having railroad connection. (For full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvenent.-The improvement of the entrance has enabled deep-draft ships to enter the harbor and has assisted the development of a large export trade in phosphate by this route. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No dredging was done. The total expenditure was $375.15 for office expenses and inspection, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1926, at a saving of $29,546 under the estimated cost. Shoal- ing has occurred since the completion of the work, the controlling depth being 26 feet at mean low water. The total cost of the existing project has been $199,721.34, of which $86,054.26 was for new work and $113,667.08 was for maintenance. The total expenditure has been $211,627.06. In addition $15,562.78 was expended for new work from funds contributed by local interests. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($66,107.48), will be applied to maintenace as follows: Operation of dredge Kingman at Boca Grande Entrance, 23/4 months, at $21,500 per month---------------------------------------- $59, 125. 00 Office expenses, surveys, and contingencies ----------------------- 6, 982. 48 Total for maintenance--------------- 66, 107. 48 No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, as it is not expected that any work will be necessary. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1927 consisted of fish, ice, oils, phosphate, and general merchandise. The tonnage for the year amounted to 430,355 short tons, valued at $3,994,881. Of this total, 99,067 short tons. valued, at $792,536, was foreign (export) commerce; 319,496 short tons, valued at $2,602,670, was coastwise commerce, and 11,792 short tons, valued at $599,675, was local commerce. As compared with that of the preceding year, this is an increase in total commerce of over 21 per cent. The foreign commerce (phosphate) decreased about 30 per cent, this decrease being offset by a gain of about 62 per cent in coastwise commerce due to heavier shipments of phosphate; the local commerce decreased about 13 per cent, decreased receipts of fish and decreased ship- ments to the fishing camps. About 98 per cent of the total commerce used the improved channel over the bar, of which 97 per cent was car- ried in steamers drawing from 17 to 27 feet and 1 per cent in motor boats drawing from 5 to 8 feet. The remaining 2 per cent was car- ried in motor boats drawing from 2 to 4 feet. No lines of transpor- tation were established or abandoned during the year. 742 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Comparativ)e !statement General freight Freight in transit Year Passen- gers Tons Value Tons Value 1923.....................................------------------------------------ 437, 237 $2, 699,120 ---------- ------------ 1, 825 1924 ----------------------------------- 520, 674 5, 102, 460 827 $96, 757 531 1925-------------------------- 371,376 ------.............. 3,273, 012 ----- . -........... 1, 200 1926 ------------------------------------ 353,800 3,487,304 .--------- -- ,-------- 1,500 1927------ - -3, 430, 355 994, 881 994 88-- , .... ---.... 300 Cost and financia summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 ------------------------- $192, 054.26 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 ------ 113, 667.08 ------------------ Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928- ------- 305, 721.34 Add accounts receivable June 30, 1928----------------------- 11, 905. 72 Net total expenditures----------------------- 317, 627. 06 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 -------- 107. 48 6---------------66, Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-- -------___ 383, 734. 54 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work... Cost of maintenance..................---------------- ------------------------------------------- $218. 38 Total expended-.............-.-------- $29, 263. 52 , ... .... --- $39, 703. 67 $99, 239. 50 375. 15 ---------------------------- Allotted................................ 20, 000. 00 $65, 000. 00 000. 00----..-------....60, 000. 00 80, Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 ....- -------- __--$6, 482.63 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928----------------------------------------- 60, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for-.....__.--__--- -- - 66, 482.63 Gross amount expended ___-------------375. 15 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928-- ------------- 66, 107.48 14. SAIASOTA BAY, FLA. Location and description.-SarasotaBay is a shallow sound on the west coast of the peninsula of Florida, separated from the Gulf of Mexico by a chain of low sand keys. At its northern end it con- nects with the southern extremity of Tampa Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1256.) The improvement includes Little Sarasota Bay, a smaller sound immediately to the southward. Sarasota Bay is about 20 miles long and from one-half to 3 miles wide. Little Sarasota Bay is about 10 miles long and from 300 feet to three-quarters mile wide. It is connected with Sarasota Bay by a narrow waterway about 3 miles in length, known as "The Man- groves." Original condition.-The natural depths in Sarasota Bay varied from 4 to 12 feet, and in Little Sarasota Bay from 1 to 5 feet. The RIVERS AND HARBORS JACKSONVILLE FLA., DISTRICT 743 entire waterway was obstructed by oyster bars, sand flats, and some bowlders. The minimum usable depth in the channel in Sarasota Bay was 5 feet at mean low water, except in two reaches aggregating 5,400 feet in length, where the depth was from 3.5 to 4.3 feet. In Little Sarasota Bay the usable depth was not over 1 or 2 feet, while the bed of the waterways between the two bays was bare except at high tide. Previous projects.--A project for deepening the channel from Tampa Bay to Sarasota was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890. It was extended by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, to Casey Pass, and by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, to Venice. The cost and expenditures on these projects were $125,000.50, of which $75,854.45 was for new work and $49,146.05 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects seepage 776 of Annual Report for 1918. E.iting project.--This provides for a channel 100 feet wide and 7 feet deep at mean low water from Tampa Bay through Sarasota Bay to Sarasota by way of Bulkhead Cut, Cortez: Cut, to Longboat Inlet, and thence near Long Key; and thence 75 feet wide and 3 feet deep at mean low water through Little Sarasota Bay to Venice, by dredging through shoals. The length of the section covered by the project is 38 miles. The mean tidal range is 1.5 feet. The extreme range is 2 feet. Strong southwesterly winds raise the water level about 1 foot. Strong northerly winds lower the water level about 1.5 feet. Northerly winds prevail during the winter months and southerly winds during the summer months. The water level is usually lower in the winter than at other times. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1925, is $193,500, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Dec. No. 844, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended imodifcation of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. The city of Sarasota has constructed an island for use as a terminal in Sarasota Bay and has connected it with the Gulf by a 22-foot channel through New Pass and with Payne Terminals in the city by a 10-foot channel across the bay. A turning basin has been provided at each terminal. Terminal facilities.-These consist of 1 municipal concrete pier, 1. railway pier, 1 freight wharf, and 10 privately owned boat land- ings. The municipal pier and the freight wharf are open to the public and have a combined frontage of 1,200 feet; the railway pier is used mainly for storing private Pullman cars and occasion- ally for transshipment of lumber and building material to nearby keys. A marginal dock, 500 feet long, has been constructed along the terminal island mentioned in above paragraph. Storage sheds will be built on this island as needed in the future. The extension of the wharf and railroad track at Payne Terminals is also contemplated. The facilities are adequate for the present needs. (For a full de- scription of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.). Effect of improvement.-This improvement has contributed mate- rially to the development of the Sarasota Bay region by making a 74 ' WI'. ' OF E1NGINEERTS, U STMAORM .S ARMY, 1928 YIOINE regular transportation service possible and by reducing the cost of transportatrn t :the markets. The entrance :oft the railroads into this territory has lessened: somewhat the importance of. the water rotutes. Operations and results daring fiscal year.--Maintenance dredg- ing with hired labor and the U. S. dredge Sarasota was in progress in the 3-foot channel in Little Sarasota Bay at the beginning of the fiscal year. Operations ceased on July 16. The total length of shoals dredged was 3,265 feet; and 17,090 cubic yards of material were removed. Full project depth of 3 feet, with overdepth of 1.5 feet, was obtained. The cost was $3,035.12, all of which was for maintenance. The cost of .office and miscellaneous expenses inci- dent to the maintenance of the project was $104.11, making a total cost of $3,139.23, all for maintenance. The total expenditure was $246.55. Condition at end of fiecal year.-The project is about 86 per cent completed. In Little Sarasota Bay-channels 4 feet deep and from 50 t 75 feet, wide have been dredged. The controlling depth at mean low water is 7 feet from Tampa Bay to the town of Sarasota and 21/2 feet to Venice. At extreme low tides of winter the depths are reduced 11/ feet. The work remaining is the widening of the channel in Little Sarasota Bay. For that portion of the harbor dredged by the city of: Sarasota the controlling depth in the entrance channel is now 19 feet, but this portion of the channel has worked southward 80 feet. Very little shoaling has occurred inl the :channel in the bay and the channel leading to the Payne Terminals has project depth of 10 feet at mean low water. The total cost on the existing project has been $177, 211. 61, of which $139,686.46 was for new work and $37,525.15 was for mainte- nance. The total expenditure has been $220,915.70. Proposed operation..-The :balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($5,583.80), will be applied to maintenance to pay proportionate part of repairs to dredge Sarasota, office expenses, surveys, and contingencies. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($15,000), will be applied to maintenance as follows: Operation and repair of dredge Sarasota, 21/ months, at $6,000 per month---------------------------------------------------- $13, 500 Office expenses, surveys, and contingencies-------------------------- 1, 500 Total for maintenance ------------------------------- 15, 000 No additional funds can be profitably expended for new work for the reason that rock excavation is required at a cost not justified by the limited commerce. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1927 consisted of fish, ice, oils, and general merchandise. The tonnage for the year amounted to 4,866 short tons, valued at $565,460. As compared with that of the preceding year, this is a decrease in total tonnage of about 71 per cent, due to completion of work by the con- tractor dredging the new channel, thus eliminating the former heavy receipts of supplies required for the dredging fleet. Of the total commerce reported, 2,576 short tons, valued at $404,460, was coast- RIVERS AND HARBORS JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 745 wise commerce, and 2.290 short tons, valued at $161,000, was internal commerce. All of the coastwise commerce used the new channel and was carried in miotor boats drawing from 4 to 6 feet.. The internal commerce, about 47 lier cent of the total, used the channel in Little Sarasota Bay and was carried in motor boats drawing from 2 to 4 feet. No lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the year. Comparative statement" Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1923 __..... 5, 661 $565, 993 6, 714 1926-----.------.20, 673 $408, 150 None. 1924 ...... 14,616 1,494,513 4,427 1927----- 4,866 565,460 None. 1925 --... .... 15, 961 1, 587, 439 3, 348 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928-_.---------------.... .. $215, 540. 91 Cost of maintenance to June 30; 1928--...------------------ 86,.671.20 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------- 302, 212. 11 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928-----------_ 41,675 .91 Net total cost to June 30, 1928 ------------- 343, 888. 02 Add accounts receivable June 30, 1928_ ______ - -_______--_ 2, 241.90 Gross total costs to June 30, 1928 ___ ____----------------- 346, 129. 92 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928-------------------------- 213. 72 Net total expenditures------------------ ---------------- 345, 916. 20 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928----------------------------- 5, 583. 80 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928__-------- 351, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work----------- ------------ Cost of maintenance__. ----------------------- - $3, 139. 23 Total expended__----------------------$19, 302. 12 $1, 595. 55 $281.27 $32,360.84 246.55 Allotted.... .. ---------------------------- 13, 500. 00 15, 000. 00 I-- ___________ Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 __________--- $5, 830. 35 Gross amount expended--_____________--------- 246. 55 ---- Balance unexpended June 30, 1928-----____________ 5, 583. 80 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928_ ......... 79. 65 Balance available June 30, 1928 __-__ ___- 5, 504. 15 Amount (estimated) to be appropriated for completion required of existing project ___________________ 2___________________ 53, 800. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending _ June 30, 1930, for maintenance 2___ ____- -___- 15, 000. 00 1 Changed from 1927 report due to cost adjustment. 2Exclusive of available funds. 746 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 15. CHANNEL FROM CLEARWATER HARBOR THROUGH BOCA CIEGA BAY TO TAMPA BAY, FLA. Location and description.-Clearwater Harbor and Boca Ciega Bay are sounds on the west coast of the peninsula of Florida, north of Tampa Bay, separated from the Gulf of Mexico by a chain of low sand keys. With the Narrows, which connects them, they form a part of the coastal waterway from Tampa Bay to St. Josephs Sound. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 177 and 178.) Boca Ciega Bay connects at its southern extremity with the lower part of Tampa Bay. It is from one-half to 3 miles wide and about 14 miles long with natural depths varying from 1 to 31 feet but generally about 5 to 9 feet. The Narrows is about 4 miles long and rom 300 feet to a quarter of a mile in width, with depths varying from one-half foot to 6 feet or more. Clearwater Harbor is about 8 miles long and from one-half to 13/4 miles wide, with general depths of from 2 to 4 or 5 feet. Original condition.-The minimum usable depth through the waterway composed of Clearwater Harbor, the Narrows, and Boca Ciega Bay was 3 feet in Clearwater Harbor, one-half foot or less in the Narrows, and about 4 feet in Boca Ciega Bay. The channels were narrow and tortuous, winding between extensive sand flats. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 50 feet wide and 5 feet deep at mean low water from Clearwater Harbor to Boca Ciega Bay and through the upper part of said bay, thence 100 feet wide and 8 feet deep at mean low water to Tampa Bay. The length of the waterway covered by the project is 26 miles. The mean range of tide is about 1.8 feet. The extreme range is about 2.3 feet. Strong southwesterly winds raise the water level about 1 foot. Strong northerly winds, which usually occur in the winter months, lower the water level about 11/2 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, was $101,200. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $6,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for all except the 8-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 1190, 60th Cong., 2d sess.), and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the 8-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 135, 63d Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published maps are in these documents. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of six wharves, used for freight and passengers, having a total berthing space of 540 feet. All have highway connections, the wharf at Gulfport having connections with the electric railway also. The facilities are ample for the needs of the locality and are open to the public. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has opened up a safe inside route between Tampa and points on Clearwater Harbor and Anclote anchorage, including Anclote Harbor, and has shortened the distance from Tampa to Clearwater from 72 miles to 54 miles. Operations an results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging by hired labor and the U. S. dredge Sarasota in the 5-foot channel RIVERS AND HARBORS -JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 747 through Boca Ciega Bay began on October 10 and ceased on No- vember 22. The total length of shoals dredged was 7,570 feet and 45,940 cubic yards of material were removed, all for maintenance. Maintenance dredging in the 8-foot channel at Point Pinellas was begun on November 28 and was completed on December 15, 1927. The total length of shoals dredged was 2,625 feet and 17,090 cubic yards of material were removed, all for maintenance. The total cost was $16,276.80, all of which was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $11,175.28. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1920. The controlling depth at the entrance is 7 feet and in the upper bay 31/ feet. The channel at Indian Pass, which was last opened in December, 1927, is again practically closed. Unless the Indian Pass is closed or a new cut dredged about 200 feet to the eastward, it will be impracticable to maintain a channel in that vicinity. The total cost has been $162,121.87, of which $105,877.01 was for new work and $56,244.86 was for maintenance. The total expenditure has been $162,121.87. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($12,000), will be applied to maintenance, as follows: Operation of dredge Sarasota, 13/4 months, at $6,000 per month ..------- 10, 500 Office expenses and contingencies------ _--- --------------- 1, 500 Total for maintenance___ - 12; 000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1927 consisted principally of asphalt blocks and shell. The tonnage for the year amounted to 70,397 short tons, valued at $234,125. Of this total, 68,347 short tons, valued at $206,981, was coastwise commerce and 2,050 short tons, valued at $104,125, was internal commerce. As compared with that of the preceding year, this is an increase in total tonnage of over 218 per cent, due to increased receipts of shell and asphalt blocks for road construction. The internal commerce, ordinarily the only commerce of the waterway, decreased about 50 per cent, due to reduced activity in the fish business. Practically all of the freight and passenger traffic between the mainland and the outlying islands is now carried over the bridge by motor vehicles.. The total tonnage used portions of the improved waterway for vary- ing distances and was carried in motor boats and lighters drawing from 2 to 5 feet. No lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the year. Comparative statement 1 Estimated. 748 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Cost and financial surnmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928-------------------------$105, 877. 01 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------- 56, 244. 86 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928-------------162, 121. 87 Net total expenditures ______------------__ -- 162, 121. 87 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 __-____ -_________162, 121. 87 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work.... Cost of maintenance ---------......... ......---------------------------------------------- $16, 276. 80 Total expended- -...... ....- ...... ......- $311.63 $5,574.19 $7,961.02 $5,074.26 11,175.28 Allotted.......------------...............---------------- 13,500.00 I..------------ 15,000.00 ....---------.... Balance unexpended July 1, 1927---_---------- - __ $11, 175. 28 Gross amount expended ._---- ------------------ - 11, 175. 28 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance- - 12, 000. 00 16. ANCLOTE RIVER, FLA. Location and description.-This river rises in the western part of the peninsula of Florida and flows southwestwardly, emptying into the Gulf of Mexico about 38 miles north of the entrance to Tampa Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 178.) Its total length is about 20 miles. In its upper reaches the river is very crooked and flows sluggishly between comparatively high banks from 20 to 60 feet apart. For 3 miles above Tarpon Springs the width varies from 60 to 100 feet. Below Tarpon Springs the river becomes a tidal estuary, varying in width from 600 to 1,200 feet. The river is tidal for 9 miles above Tarpon Springs. The fresh-water dis- charge, largely from springs, is about 500 cubic feet per second. The drainage area is about 100 square miles. Originalcondition.--The entrance and the estuary were obstructed by sand bars and shoals, and the channel was narrow and tortuous, with depths varying from 2 to 14 feet at low water. The limiting depth was about 21/2 feet, but the channel was so winding as to be impracticable. The head of navigation for vessels of any size was the county bridge at Tarpon Springs, but small launches ran and logging was carried on for about 15 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-None. Existing projeot.-This provides for dredging a channel 100 feet wide and 6 feet deep at mean low water increased at entrances and on curves from Anclote Anchorage in the Gulf of Mexico to the county bridge at Tarpon Springs, with a turning basin at the latter point 200 feet wide and 500 feet long. The length of the section included in the project is about 41/2 miles. The mean range of tide is about 1.5 feet at the entrance and 2 feet at Tarpon Springs. The extreme range is about 2 feet at the entrance and 2.5 feet at Tarpon Springs. Strong southwesterly winds raise the water level about 1 foot. Strong northerly winds, which occur mostly during the winter, lower the water level about 11/2 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 749 The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1927, is $82,500. The latest (1927) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $6,000. The project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, provided for a channel 6 feet deep to Sponge Harbor and thence 4 feet deep to Tarpon Springs (H. Doc. No. 200, 55th Cong., 2d sess.), and the act of January 21, 1927, ex- tended the 6-foot channel to Tarpon Springs (H. Doc. No. 18, 63d Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the latter document. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terninal facilities.-These consist of one marginal wharf, berth space 330 feet, with about 4 feet of water, used by sponge and fish boats and small launches. Highway connection only is provided. The facilities are inadequate for the needs of the locality. (For a full description of the terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of in prowvement.-The improvement has resulted in making Tarpon Springs the headquarters for the sponging fleet on the west coast and the most important sponge market in the United States. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging with hired labor and the U. S. dredge Sarasota in the 4-foot and 6-foot channels began July 26 and was completed October 6. The total length of shoals dredged was 10,665 feet, and 88,744 cubic yards of material were removed. The total cost was $16,987.39, all of which was for maintenance work. The total expenditure was $11,966.48. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project adopted by the act of 1899 was completed in 1910. No work has been done under the modification of the project contemplating a 6-foot depth above Sponge Harbor. The controlling depth at mean low water is 51/2 feet to Sponge Harbor and 41/2 feet thence to Tarpon Springs. The total cost has been $109,709.60, of which $51,651.50 was for new work, and $58,058.10 was for maintenance. The total expenditure has been $109,728.58. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($38,- 313.52), will be applied to new work and maintenance as follows: New work: Completion of project by the removal of rdck and soft material----------------------------------- --------------- $30, 800. 00 Maintenance: Operation of dredge Sarasota, 1 to 1/4 months, at $6,000 per month 6--------------------------- -6, 800.00 OffiCe expenses and contingencies-------------------------------713.52 Total for maintenance------------ 7, 513. 52 Total for new work and maintenance----------------------- 38, 313. 52 The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($6,000), will be applied to office expenses, sur- veys, miscellaneous expenses incidental to the supervision of the waterway, and contingencies. Commercial statistics.--The commerce for the calendar year 1927 consisted of fish, gasoline, groceries, hardware, ice, sponges, and gen- eral merchandise. The tonnage for the year amounted to 10,422 short tons, valued at $2,904,850. As compared with that of the preceding year, this is an increase in total tonnage of over 13 per cent, due to increased activity in the sponging industry. All of the commerce 750 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 used the channel for varying distances and was carried in motor boats and sail boats drawing from 2 to 6 feet. No lines of transporta- tion were established or abandoned during the year. Comparative statement of traffic General freight Floated logs Total Year Passen- gers Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1923-...------.-- --.-.. - 10, 470 $2, 012, 568 618 $5, 400 11, 088 $2,017, 968 8, 600 1924_. _-.-.------.-- . . 9, 766 2, 491, 090 ..--------------------- 9, 766 2, 491,090 11, 000 1925 ..................... 10,078 2, 429, 948 ..-------------------- 10, 078 2, 429, 948 112, 000 1926 --------------------...................... 9, 168 2, 495, 868 .----------. 9, 168 2, 495, 868 15, 000 1927.-_..--- ---- _ 10, 422 2, 904, 850 ---------------- -10, 422 2, 904,850 15,000 1Estimated. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928_-------------_______ $51, 651.50 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------ 58,058. 10 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928----------109, 709. 60 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928-___------- 447. 38 Net total cost to June 30, 1928------------------------110, 156. 98 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928-- ---------------------- 428. 40 Net total expenditures-----------------------109, 728. 58 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928- 38, 313. 52 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928_,------------- 148, 042. 10 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost ofnew work... Cost of maintenance ----------------------------------------------------- $16, 987. 39 Total expended_......................... $198. 33 $17, 662. 32 $5, 020. 00 .------------ 11, 966. 48 Allotted..--......................-----------------------...........------------.... 11, 500.00 ------------ 9,000.00 38, 300.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927----------- ------------- $11, 980. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928---------------------- _ 38, 300.00 Amount to be accounted for---------____------ - 50, 280. 00 .___ Gross amount expended-------- .....-..-.. - - - _ 11,966.48 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928_--- -------------- 38, 313..52 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928----------------------------- 20. 00 Balance available June 30, 1928--------------- --- 38, 293. 52 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - -- - -- - -- - 30, 1930, for maintenance 6, 000.00 17. CRYSTAL RIVER, FLA. This project was reported completed in the fiscal year 1907, but maintenance is contemplated. No expenditures were made during 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 751 the fiscal year, no balance is available, and no work is now proposed, as the channel in its present condition is sufficient to meet the re- quirements of the small commerce that now makes use of it. (For full description of the project see Annual Report for 1919, page 828.) Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1927 consisted entirely of fish. The tonnage for the year amounted to 151 short tons, valued at $21,140. As compared with that of the pre- ceding year this is an increase in total tonnage of about 2 per cent. The traffic was carried in motor boats drawing from 11/2 to 3 feet. No, lines of transportation operate over the waterway. Comparative statement General freight Floated logs Total Year Passen- gers Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value $42,252 1923.-------......-------------......... 454 60 $4, 200 514 $46,452 250 1924---- 427 38, 836 ..........----------------.......... (1) (1) 427 38, 836 2 500 1925-------- ------------ 430 39, 800 (1) (1) 430 39, 800 2 500 147 17, 452 1926---............-------------.......... (1) (1) 147 17, 452 None. 1927-- ..............------------------.... 151 21, 140 (1) (1) 151 21, 140 None. 1No statistics available. 2Estimated. Cost and financial summ ary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928--------_........------------ $25, 000. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928_-------------------- --- -9, 000.00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928..---------- 34,000.00 Net total expenditures--------------------------------------- 34, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928--------------------- 34, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost ofnew work---------------.................----.................----------..------------..---------.......... ...........---------------- Cost ofm aintenance ..... . . . -. ..- -......... . . . . .__ . . .-.. . . Total expended..................................... ............. -........... Allotted................................... ............ . ............ ...... 18. WITHLACOOCHEE RIVER, FLA. Location and description.-This river rises in the central part of the peninsula of Florida and flows in a general northwestwardly and westwardly direction, emptying into the Gulf of Mexico about 20 miles southeast of Cedar Keys, Fla., and 95 miles north of the entrance to Tampa Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 179.) For a large part of the distance from the headwaters to Stokes Ferry (42 miles above the mouth) the river flows through a series of swamps, lakes, and wooded lagoons, with frequently more than one channel through the latter. Widths vary from 30 to 250 feet and slopes and currents are moderate. Below Stokes Ferry the river 14710--ENG 1928---48 752 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 28 is generally confined to a single channel with an average width of 80 to 100 feet and a somewhat greater fall and swifter current. The lower 9 miles are tidal, with widths of 75 to 150 feet. The area of the drainage basin is about 766 square miles. The low-water dis- charge in cubic feet per second is 271 above Blue Springs Run (29 miles above the mouth) and 940 below that point. The high-water discharge is about 2,000 cubic feet per second. Original condition.-The river was obstructed by rock shoals and loose rocks, snags, bowlders, overhanging trees, and aquatic vegeta- tion. The controlling depth was about 2 feet, but the narrow, crooked channels over the rock shoals were impassable at low stages. The entrance from the Gulf was narrow and crooked and obstructed by reefs, over which the limiting depth was 11/ to 3 feet at mean low water. The head of barge navigation was Pembertons Ferry, 85 miles above the mouth, but the river was navigable for small boats to Dobes Hole, 30 miles farther up the stream. Previous projects.-A project for the improvement of the entrance was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. The cost and expenditures under this project were $30,000 for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1832 of the An- nual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for securing and maintaining a channel 100 feet wide and 10 feet deep at mean low water from the 10-foot contour in the Gulf of Mexico to Port Inglis, just within the river entrance, by dredging and rock excavation and for removing snags, overhanging trees, and loose rock, and cutting through shoals in the upper river, with a view to making a draft of 2 feet available for about half the year as far as Pembertons Ferry, 85 miles above the mouth. The lengths of the sections included in the project are 4.1 miles from the Gulf to Port Inglis and 85 miles to Pembertons Ferry. The mean tidal range is 2.8 feet, and the extreme range is about 3.5 feet at the mouth. The effect of the tide is perceptible for about 11 miles above the mouth. Strong southwesterly winds raise the water level at the mouth about 1 foot, and strong northerly winds, which usually occur during the winter, lower the water level about 119 feet. Freshets raise the water level in the upper river from 4 to 6 feet and at the mouth about 1 foot. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1925, is $385,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1881, provided for the work in the upper river (Annual Report for 1880, pp. 1110-1119) ; the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the work at the entrance (H. Doc. No. 483, 59th Cong,, 2d sess.). The latter document contains the latest published map of the entrance. The latest published map of the river to Pembertons Ferry is in House Document No. 199, Fifty-fifth Congress, second session. Recommended mndifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-,None is required by the appropriation acts. Between 1894 and 1902 the Dunnellon Phosphate Co. dredged a chan- nel through the shoals at the mouth of the river and up the river to Inglis, 7 miles above the mouth, 8 feet or more deep for the greater part of its length, with a limiting depth of 5.9 feet, at an expenditure RIVERS AND HARBORS JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 753 nof about $200,000. This work, while primarily for the benefit of the company to enable it to ship the product of its mines, was also of general benefit to navigation, and the channel dug now forms part of the adopted project. Under permit granted by the Secretary of War April 16, 1904, the Florida Power Co. has built a power dam across the river 11 miles above the mouth, creating a pool extending nearly to Dunnellon, 241/2 miles above the mouth. The' company has built a lock 134 by 36 feet at the dam. When approach excavation and other minor work is completed the improvement will be of considerable benefit to navi- gation in this stretch. Terminal facilities.-These consist of two wharves (12 by 50 feet and 20 by 50 feet) at Port Inglis, one small wharf at Inglis owned by the railroad, one'small dock at Panasoffkee open to public use, and private landing docks scattered along the river. The facilities are considered ample for present commerce. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement. The incomplete-improvement of the upper river has had no appreciable effect on freight rates and has been of but limited benefit to commerce. The improvement from Port Inglis to the Gulf, partly by Federal and partly by private funds, reduced freight rates on phosphate from this territory fully 50 per cent and opened up an outlet for a large tonnage in this commodity. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No dredging was done. Expenditures amounting to $211.37 were made for inspection and ,officeexpenses. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project for the entrance is about 85 per cent completed. The channel from Port Inglis to the 10-foot contour in the Gulf has been dredged to a depth of 10 feet at mean low water and a width of 85 feet, whereas a width of 100 feet is required under the project. The total cost of this work has been $276,392.18, of which $255,385.29 was for new work and $21,006.89 was for maintenance. Snags, overhanging trees, sunken logs, loose rock and boulders, and some rock ledges were removed from the upper river, enabling light-draft boats to ascend the river to Pembertons Ferry, except at low stages, This project was practically completed during the fiscal year 1893. The river is now fairly clear of obstructions between Istachatta and Dunnellon and between the power dam and the mouth. The other sections are badly obstructed by snags and water hyacinth. The total cost of this work has been $31,888.92, of which $29,700.00 was for new work prior to 1894 and $2,188.92 was for sub- sequent maintenance. The controlling depths are, from the Gulf to Inglis, about 7 miles from the mouth, 6 feet; from Inglis to lock in Florida Power Co.'s dam, 11 miles above the mouth, 5 feet; from the lock to Stocktons Ferry, 38.9 miles above the mouth, 4 feet; from Stocktons Ferry to the head of navigation at Istachatta, 76 miles above the mouth, the limiting depth is 2 feet during half the year and 1 foot during low stage. The depths are referred to mean low water of the Gulf from the Gulf to the dam and to low-water staige of the river above that point. The project as a whole is 74 per cent completed, the work remaining being the 15-foot widening of the channel below Port Inglis, which is not considered necessary at the present time. 754 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 The total cost of the existing project has been $308,546.87, of which $285,085.29 was for new work and $23,461.58 was for maintenance. The total expenditure has been $308,492.47. Proposed operations.--The balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($10,769.25), will be applied to maintenance as follows: Operation and repair of dredge Sarasota at entrance to river, 1% to 1% months, at $6,000 per month ------------------------- $9, 750. 00 Office expenses and contingencies-- , 019. 25 1-------------------------- Total for maintenance 0, 769. 25 1----------------------- The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($1,500), will be applied to office expenses, sur- veys, miscellaneous expenses incidental to the supervision of the waterway, and incidentals. No funds can be profitably expended for new work for the reason that the present needs of commerce do not justify the relatively high cost of rock removal incident to completion of the project. Coa 4ercial statigtics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1927 consisted of citrus fruits, fertilizer, fish, fuel oil, logs, lumber, naval stores, and wood. The tonnage amounted to 34,778 short tons, valued at $483,106. As compared with that of the preceding year, this is an increase in total tonnage of over 235 per cent, due entirely to in- creased receipts of fuel oil at the plant of the Florida Power & Light Corporation at Inglis. The commerce is not carried over the entire waterway, being confined to the stretches between :the.Gulf and Inglis and Istachatta and Dunnellon. The tonnage was carried in motor boats and barges drawing from 11/2 to 7 feet. One line of transpor- tation was established and none abandoned during the year. Comparative statement General freight Floated logs Total Year Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1923 3, 156 ---... $347, 874 3, 300 -------------------............................ $28, 800 6, 456 $376, 674 1, 540 60, 725 1924---------......................--------------.......... 4, 400 35, 200 5, 952 95, 925 1925................................. 2, 621 76, 140 264 3, 168 2, 885 79, 308- 1926------.. --------- ------------ 6, 231 223, 126 4, 150 43, 350 10, 381 266,476 1927 ----................................. 31,008 436, 006 3, 770 47, 100 34, 778 483, 106 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928--------------------------$315, 085.29 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------- 23, 461. 58 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928_-- ___-- __-- 338, 546. 87 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928--- .-- __----__--_ 54. 40 Net total expenditures-------------------------_ 338, 492. 47 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928--- ------------------------ 10, 769. 25 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928_ ...----- _----. 349, 261. 72 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work.. Cost of maintenance - ------.............. ---..... --- --- ----- ----------- . ............ $265. 77 - Total expended------..... ..............-----.-----------.------ $1, 019. 38 211. 37 Allotted -............- ___,-- ------------........ ......-----..--.............--. -- $1, 000. 00 6,000.00 5, 000. 00 RIVERS AND HIARBORS-JCKSON VILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 755 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 ----------------- ____ $5, 980. 62 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928-------- ----------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for__--- 10, 980. 62 1--------------------- Gross amount expended -------------------------------- 211. 37 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928-----------------------10, 769. 25 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of ---- ----- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - existing project 1 00, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - -- - --- -- --- --- -- - 30, 1930, for maintenance 1 1, 500. 00 1________ 19. SUWANNEE RIVER, FLA. Location and description.-This river has its source in the Okefe- noke Swamp, in the southern part of Georgia, and flows in a general southerly direction, emptying into the Gulf of Mexico about 115 miles north of the entrance to Tampa Bay and 12 miles northwest of Cedar Keys. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 180.) Its total length is about 250 miles. From its headwaters to Ellaville (135 miles above the mouth) the stream gradually increases in width from about 75 to 150 feet. Below Ellaville the widths increase from 150 to 500 feet at the Passes, where the river divides to enter the Gulf. The river is tidal for 25 miles above the mouth. Above the tidal section the slope is steep and the current rapid. Freshets cause extreme fluctuations. The drainage area is about 1,300 square miles. The normal discharge is about 1,740 cubic feet per second at low water at Ellaville. Low water usually occurs in the winter and high water in the fall months. Original condition.-The river was obstructed by soft rock shoals, over which the channel was narrow and very crooked, with depths of from a very few inches to 3 feet. Navigation was also hindered by snags, overhanging trees, and bowlders. The entrance was obstructed by sand bars and shell reefs. The minimum usable depth at mean low water was 3.8 feet over the bars at the entrance, 5 feet to Rolands Bluff (75 miles above the mouth), 11/2 feet to Ellaville (135 miles above the mouth), and about 1 foot from Ellaville to White Springs (172 miles above the mouth). Above White Springs the river was impassable at low stages. The head of navigation for steamers was Ellaville, but small boats could ascend to White Springs, and the river could be used for logging and rafting at high stages for some distance above this point. Previous projects.-By act of March 3, 1839, the sum of $15,000 was appropriated for removing obstructions at the mouth of this river and for a survey of the river. The cost and expenditures were $10,154.02, all for new work. For scope of previous project, see page 1832 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing projeot.-This provides for a channel 150 feet wide and 5 feet deep at mean low water through the shoals at the entrance and up to Rolands Bluff (75 miles above the mouth) and 60 feet wide and 4 feet deep at mean low stage from Rolands Bluff to Ella- ville (135 miles above the mouth) and for a channel 6 feet deep through Derrick Island Gap, at the south end of Suwannee Sound, 1 Exclusive of available funds. 756 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 192,8 by dredging through shoals, removing snags and loose rock, and constructing wing dams to close subsidiary channels. The length of the section included in the project is 135 miles. The mean range of tide at the entrance is 2.4 feet. The extreme range is 3 feet. Strong southwesterly winds raise the water level at the entrance about 1 foot. Strong northerly winds lower the water level about 11/2 feet. Tidal influence is perceptible for about 40 miles above the mouth. Freshets raise the water surface from 14 to 23 feet above mean low stage at Rolands Bluff (Branford) and from 19 to 30 feet at Ellaville. The estimate of cost; for new work revised in 1925, exclusive of amount expended on previous project, is $266,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $4,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880 (Annual Report for 1879, p. 857). It was modified by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890, which authorized the expenditure of part of the appropriation for this river in dredging the inside channel to Cedar Keys,, through Derrick Island Gap. The latest published map is in House Document No. 108, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-It is recommended that the project be modified to provide for a channel 5 feet deep and 50 to 100 feet wide from the Gulf to Branford; thence 4 feet deep and 30 to 100 feet wide to a point 21/ miles below Ellaville and 6 feet deep and 70 feet wide through Derrick Island Gap. (H. Doc. No. 467, 69th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of two wharves with berth space of 1,534 feet and with a depth of water of about 12 feet. Railway and highway connections are provided. These facilities are used by river steamers and launches and are adequate for present needs. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Docu- ment No. 652, Sixty-sixth Congress, second session. Effect of improvement.-The improvement was of considerable value when the greater part of the work was done, as the river at that time afforded the only means of transportation for the tributary country and carried a large commerce by way of Cedar Keys, the movement of which was greatly facilitated by the improvement made. With the building of railroads into this territory and the consequent changes in routes of traffic the value and importance of the Suwanee River as an avenue of commerce has declined, and it is now but little used by boats. The improvement has had no ascertainable effect on freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Snags and other ob- structions were removed from the river from the mouth to Branford, with leased plant. The work began April 2 and was completed June 21. Six hundred and thirty-six logs, 72 snags, 170 overhang- ing trees, 15 stumps, 1 sunken oak tree, 800 feet old 1-inch wire cable, wreck of tug Lookout, 1 motor launch, 1 small motor frame, 1 sunken barge blasted with dynamite, and a 30-foot section of a timber bridge were removed. The total cost of this work was $10,000, all for main- tenance. The total expenditure was $9,862.77. RIVERS AND HIARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 757 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 25 per cent completed. Cuts have been dredged through the bars at the mouth and in Derrick Island Gap; rock shoals, snags, logs and other obstruc- tions have been removed and rock wing dams built. The result of this work was a good practical channel 5 feet deep and 50 to 100 feet wide, from the Gulf to Rolands Bluff; -4 feet deep and 30 to 100 feet wide within 21/2 miles of Ellaville, and 6 feet deep and 70 feet wide through Derrick Island Gap. Some deterioration, has occurred, but the controlling depth at mean low water was about 5 feet to Rolands Bluff when last determined in 1924. To complete the project it would be necessary to dredge through several rock shoals below Ella- ville and to widen the channel through Derrick Island Gap. Com- pletion of the project is not considered justified by the small use being made of the river at the present time. The total cost of the existing project has been $98,658, of which $66,263.94 was for new work ($10,000 being applied to construction of a combined dredging and snagging boat) and $32,394.06 was for maintenance. ;The total expenditure has been $98,520.77. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1928, ($137.23), will be applied to the payment of outstanding liabilities and to office and miscellaneous expenses in connection with the super- vision of the project. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for the reason that the small amount of traffic on the waterway does not justify further expenditures at the present time. Commmercial statistics.-There was no commerce on the river dur- ing the calendar year 1927. There are a few private launches on the waterway but no regular movement of freight or passengers. The loss in commerce, formerly confined to fish and logs, was due to the fact that logging interests exhausted their holdings and fishermen confined their operations to outside waters. No lines of transporta- tion were established during the year. Comparative statement1 Floated logs Year Tons Value 1923---.....--.......--------------.......--------......................---------------------------- 24, 223 $64, 781 1 No traffic reported for 1924-1927. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928_____--- __-------- - - ,$--- 76, 417. 96 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928---------------------- 32, 394. 06 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 ___-- __- ___ 108, 812. 02 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928- ------------------- 137. 23 Net total expenditures.------------ ------------------- 108, 674. 79 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928---------------------------- 137.23 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 ------------ 108, 812. 02 758 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost ofnew work -- - - - --.........- - -- - Cost of maintenance----------------------------------------------------$10,000.00 --- Total expended-------------------------- $13,000,00 --------__------------ ------------ 9,862.77 Allotted.............---------------------------------------------------------...-------- 000. 00 ........... 10, Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927---------------------------------------- $10, 000. 00 Gross amount expended- - --- -- -_- __------ 9, 862. 77 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928_--------......... -_ 137. 23 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928_-- - ------------ __ 89.93 Balance available June 30, 1928 _-----_---.- - -- - 47.30 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project1' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .- - ---------- 200, 000. 00 20. TAMPA HARBOR, FLA. Location and description.-This harbor is a large natural indenta- tion of the Gulf of Mexico approximately midway of the western coast of the peninsula of Florida. The entrance is about 220 miles north of Key West, about 330 miles from Pensacola, 360 miles from Mobile, and 512 miles from New Orleans. Its form is roughly that of a Y, of which Tampa Bay (proper) constitutes the stem, old Tampa Bay the upper left branch, and Hillsboro Bay, into which flows the Hillsboro River, the upper right branch. The tongue be- tween the two branches is the Interbay Peninsula, terminating in Gadsden Point. Tampa Bay (proper) varies from 7 to 10 miles in width and has two main entrances from the Gulf of Mexico--the main channel, five-eighths of a mile wide between the 18-foot depth lines, and the southwest channel, one-quarter of a mile wide between the 18-foot depth lines. Old Tampa. Bay is about 13 miles long and from 2 miles to 6 miles wide, and its natural depth was 1 to 36 feet. Hills- boro Bay is about 9 miles long and 41/2 miles wide. The natural depth varies from about 14 feet at the entrance to 16 or 18 feet through the central portion, diminishing to 5 or 6 feet near its head at the mouth of the Hillsboro River. The latter rises in the western part of the peninsula of Florida and flows in a southwesterly direction to Hillsboro Bay. Its total length is about 51 miles, of which the lower 10 miles up to the dam of the Tampa Electric Co. is tidal. The width is from 300 to 500 feet below the Lafayette Street Bridge and thence averages 125 feet to Sulphur Springs, 8 miles above the mouth, and thence about 100 feet to the dam. Above this dam the river is narrow, crooked, and obstructed, with a maxi- mum width of 125 feet, though the average width is considerably less. From the head of the river to the dam (41 miles) the fall is 31 feet and thence to the mouth it is 3 feet. The drainage area is approximately 260 square miles and the fresh-water discharge, largely from springs, is about 500 cubic feet per second. The city of 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS JACICSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 759 Tampa lies at the head of Hillsboro Bay, Port Tampa lies at the southwest corner of Interbay Peninsula, and St. Petersburg lies near the southern end of Pinellas Peninsula, on the west side of Tampa Bay (proper). (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 177.) Original condition.-In Tampa Bay (proper) the greatest natural depths varied from 21 to 36 feet, with 21 to 38 feet in a large an- chorage area south of Interbay Peninsula. A draft of 20 to 21 feet could be carried at mean low water from the Gulf of Mexico to the. deep water south of Interbay Peninsula and 15 feet over the shoals in old Tampa Bay. Vessels drawing 12 feet could enter Hillsboro Bay at low water, but the minimum usuable depth in the upper part of the bay was 5 feet at mean low water in a narrow, curving chan- nel leading to the mouth of the Hillsboro River. The latter was. obstructed by bars, the limiting depth being about 5 feet at mean low water. Beginning at the mouth and continuing to a point a short distance above the site of the Lafayette Street Bridge the river was 12 to 14 feet deep; to Sulphur Springs the limiting depth over the shoals was about 6 feet, and then it decreased tiapidly to 3 feet at the Tampa Electric Co.'s dam, which was the head of navigation. Previous projects.-ForTampa Bay: The first project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880. Work under this project was confined to what is now called Hillsboro Bay and the. mouth of the Hillsboro River. A modification of this project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 11, 1888. The amount expended on these projects was $130,000, of which $50,000 was expended in old Tampa Bay and $80,000 in Hillsboro Bay and the mouth of Hillsboro River. All of this expenditure was for new work. For Tampa and Hillsboro Bays: A project for deepening the channel to the city of Tampa was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, under the title of "Improving Tampa Bay." A second project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899. A third project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905. The amount expended on these projects was $740,157.70, of which $723,050.46 was for new work and $17,107.24 was for maintenance. In addition, $80,000 was spent for new work in Hillsboro Bay, which was appropriated under the head of "Tampa Bay," and is included in the expenditure reported under that head. The total expenditure above reported includes $96,832.91 expended in Hillsboro River under the project of March 3, 1899. For Hillsboro River: The improvement of Hillsboro River was undertaken as part of the project for improving Tampa and Hills- boro Bays, adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880. The funds applied to work under this project were appropriated under the title of "Improving Tampa Bay ' and the expenditures are reported under that head. For scope and details of above-mentioned previous projects see pages 1829, 1830, and 1831 of the Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a depth of 27 feet at mean low water from the Gulf of Mexico up to and in the several channels of Tampa Harbor, with widths of 500 feet on the bar, 300 feet in Tampa Bay, Ybor Channel (formerly Ybor Estuary), and Gar- '760 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 rison Channel (formerly Hendry and Knight Channel), and 200 feet in Hillsboro Channel, Sparkman Channel (formerly Tampa North- ern and Sparkman Bay Channels), and Seddon Channel (formerly Seddon Island Channel), with turning basins at the mouth of Hills- boro River and at the entrance to the estuary; for securing and maintaining by dredging a channel 2,400 feet long and 200 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean low water in Hillsboro River from a point 100 feet south of the Lafayette Street Bridge to the turning basin at the mouth of the river. The channel connecting Port Tampa with the channel from the Gulf of Mexico to Tampa is to be 26 feet deep with sufficient width. The mean range of tide is 1.9 feet' at the lower end of the bay, 2 feet at Port Tampa, and 2.2 feet at Tampa. The extreme range is 2.5 feet at the lower end of the bay and at Port Tampa and 2.9 feet at Tampa. Strong southwesterly winds raise the water level about 1.5 feet. Strong northerly winds, which usually occur in the winter months, lower the water level about 2 feet. The estimated cost for new work (revised in 1923) is $4,765,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $80,000. The existing consolidated project is derived from the following detailed projects existing on the date of consolidation, viz: For Tampa Bay, project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899 (H. Doc. No. 52, 55th Cong., 3d sess.), and modified by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, which fixed the dimen- sions of the channel as 26 feet deep with sufficient width. The latest published map is in House Document No. 88, Fifty-fifth Congress, first session. For Tampa and Hillsboro Bays, project was authorized by the fol- lowing river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for channel 24 feet deep in Hillsboro Bay (H. Doc. No. 634, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the 27-foot depth from the Gulf of Mexico up to and in the several channels of Hillsboro Bay (H. Doc. No. 1345, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published maps are in House Document No. 634, Sixty-first Congress, second session; Annual Report for 1914, page 2130; and House Document No. 1345, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. For Hillsboro River, project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, under the title of " Improving Hillsboro Bay, Florida " (H. Doc. No. 545, 55th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest pub- lished map is in House Document No. 132, Sixty-third Congress, first session. The river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, authorized the consolidation of the above projects to form a single project for Tampa Harbor. Recommended modiflcations of project.-Under date of December 7, 1927, the Chief of Engineers recommended modification of the existing project so as to provide a depth of 29 feet on Egmont Bar and a width of 300 feet in Hillsboro and Sparkman Channels at an estimated cost of $748,000, with a total of $75,000 annually for maintenance of the entire project. (H. Doc. No. 100, 70th Cong., 1st sess,) Local cooperation.---For Tampa Bay: The river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, imposed the condition that the dock company or com- RIVERS AND- HARBORS JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 761 panies owning docks, wharves, or terminals at Tampa Bay should, by valid contract, agree that the wharfage charge at such terminals should be submitted to the Secretary of War and be subject to his approval. A schedule of such wharfage charges was submitted to the Secretary of War and was approved by him on October 26, 1906. For Tampa and Hillsboro Bays: After the completion of the 20- foot project of March 3, 1905, a 20-foot channel, 300 feet wide and about 3,000 feet long, was dredged by private capital eastward along the water front from the turning basin. This work was completed in 1909 at a cost of about $95,000. This channel, known as Garrison Channel (formerly Hendry and Knight Channel), originally a pri- vate enterprise, has been of great value in the development of the port and was adopted as part of the 24-foot project of June 25, 1910, and is now under improvement by the United States. In 1907 the Tampa Northern Railroad Co. dredged a 20-foot chan- nel, 100 feet wide and 2,600 feet long, from the main channel to its terminals on Hookers Point. This was primarily a private enter- prise, but the outer 50 feet of this channel for its entire length was also adopted as a part of the 24-foot project above mentioned. The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, adopting the project, imposed the following conditions: That no expenditure be made on that part of the harbor between the new turning basin and Ybor City until the Secretary of War is assured that the local municipality will construct wharves or slips having an available length not less than 1,400 feet, which shall be open for the use of the general public under reasonable regulations and charges, and also that the municipality has obtained such control of the property for at least 700 feet on each side of the proposed Ybor Channel throughout its length as will insure its use primarily in the interest of general commerce on equal terms to all, and that all wharfage charges and regulations shall be reasonably and fully controlled by the munici- pal authorities and subject to the approval of the Secretary of War. In compliance with these conditions the city purchased 70C feet of frontage on each side of the Ybor Channel and secured from the property owners the required control of the property for 700 feet on each side of the estuary throughout its length. The evidence sub- mitted by the city was accepted by the Secretary of War on April 18, 1911. A plan of development of the estuary zone, submitted by the city, was approved by the Secretary of War on August 8, 1913, and revised plan, as described below, was approved June 10, 1919. The river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, in adopting the exist- ing 27-foot project, subject to the conditions set forth in House Document No. 1345, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session, provided: That nothing in this act nor in the act approved June 25, 1910, entitled "An act making appropriations for the construction, repair, and preservation of certain public works on rivers and harbors, and for other purposes," shall be so constructed as to prevent the use of any part of the Ybor estuary zone for industrial or other legitimate purposes when the same is not needed for com- mercial uses, nor to exclude the building and operation of a railroad or rail- roads by private parties or railroad companies under such rules and regula- tions as the Secretary of War may prescribe, subject to the right of the city of Tampa to construct and operate a municipal railroad on said estuary zone as set forth in said report. The conditions in the House Document No. 1345 referred to were: That no work shall be done by the United States under such project until the city of Tampa shall have given assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War that the city of Tampa will within a reasonable time, and when in his opinion 762 :REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 the facilities are needed, acquire full ownership and possession of sufficient land for the establishment of terminals fronting on the Ybor estuary; will complete the construction thereon of piers and slips in accordance with the plans for the development of the Ybor estuary zone heretofore approved by the Secretary of War, or such modified plans as he may approve; will build adequate ware- houses and storage sheds on these piers and equip them with suitable rail con- nections and, freight-handling appliances; will construct and put in operation a municipal railroad having physical connection with all railroads entering the city of Tampa and serving the channel frontage on both sides of the estuary in accordance with the plan of development of the estuary zone approved by the Secretary of War; will open, pave, and make available for use a sufficient num- ber of streets and highways to give proper access to all parts of the estuary channel frontage; and will open these terminals for business under a schedule of reasonable wharfage charges and a set of regulations to be approved by the Secretary of War for the control and operation of the property fronting on the estuary channel, designed to insure its use primarily in the interests of general commerce on equal terms to all: And provided further, That no work shall be done in the channels constituting the harbor of Tampa proper until local inter- ests shall agree to provide, without cost to the United States or to any con- tractor for the work, a suitable place for deposit of material dredged from these channels. On June 9, 1919, the Secretary of War approved a modified plan of development submitted by the board of port commissioners of the city of Tampa replacing the former plan approved August 8, 1913. This plan provides for the acquisition by the city of addi- tional land on the west side of the Ybor Channel; the construction thereon of two piers and the dredging of a:slip 250 feet wide and 925 feet long between said piers; rail connections to these piers and the construction of streets in the area adjacent to both sides of the channel. This plan was considered sufficient for present commercial requirements but not for the complete commercial development of Ybor Channel, and the approval of the plan was coupled with the proviso that it should not be construed as a waiver of any of the conditions imposed by Congress in the act of June 25, 1910, as modi- fied by the act of August 8, 1917, or of any condition of the bonds or other assurances already given to guarantee performance of the pro- visions of these acts, nor as an acceptance by the Secretary of War of the development now proposed as making sufficient provisions for the future needs of commerce. The city has acquired the land re- quired for the slip and piers on the west side of Ybor Channel; has dredged this slip to a depth of 27 feet at mean low water; has com- pleted the concrete piers on both sides of the slip; and paved Thir- teenth Street, Ella Mae Street, and Elliott Street leading to and connecting with the piers. The city has also acquired 700 feet front- age on the easterly side of the channel and provided suitable places for depositing material dredged from the channel, as provided in House Document No. 1345. No improvements on the easterly side of the channel have been made. A schedule of wharfage charges and regulations has been approved by the Secretary of War. Terminal fa~ilities.-At Tampa these consist of 18 wharves, of which the greater number are of the combined freight and passenger type with a total water frontage of 15,100 feet, and with railway and highway connections; all but 8 of the wharves are open to the public on payment of wharfage charges. Existing terminal facili- ties are adequate for the needs of commerce, but extensive additional facilities are contemplated by local interests. The Kreiss Terminal wharf of 530 feet frontage and a slip 250 feet wide and 700 feet long have been built. Wooden bulkheads have RIVERS AND HARBORS JACKSONVILLE, FLA.l DISTRICT 763 been built around the slip, but only the land along the south side has been completely filled and is now used for storage and lumber. Side tracks from the Tampa Northern Railroad extend to the slip and to the head of the Kreiss Wharf. The Florida Portland Cement Co. controls about 1,300 feet of water front south of and adjacent to the Kreiss Terminal and a wharf 800 feet long has been constructed. The Sinclair Oil Co. has constructed a wharf south of and adjacent to the Florida Portland Cement Co. This wharf is about 1,300 feet long. At Port Tampa terminal facilities consist of two combined freight and passenger piers, affording total berthing space of 6,560 feet and having railway connections. The terminals are adequate for the present commerce and are open to the public upon the payment of published tariff charges. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 8, -Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-By enabling deep-draft vessels to reach Tampa and Port Tampa the improvement has converted both of these cities into seaports for deep-draft ocean-going vessels and has opened advantageous routes for a large water-borne commerce in coal, phosphate, lumber, cement, and other commodities. It has made Tampa the receiving and distributing center for a large area and has contributed largely to the development of middle and southern :Florida. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging by U. S. dredge Absecon began in the lower end of Seddon Channel, Hillsboro Bay, on April 30, and was in progress at the end of the fiscal year; 326,038 cubic yards of material were removed. Full proj- ect depth of 27 feet with 1 foot overdepth was obtained. The cost was $26,805.44, all of which was for maintenance. The cost of office nnd miscellaneous expenses, supervision, surveys, and inspections was $18,500.25. The total cost for the fiscal year was $45,305.69, all for maintenance. The total expenditure was $71,083.68. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1926 with the exception of a small amount of widening never com- pleted in the Egmont Bar Channel. The controlling depths are 261/2 feet on the bar, 26 feet in Tampa Bay, Hillsboro Bay, and Port Tampa Channels, 27 feet in Seddon Channel, 26 feet in Garrison and Ybor Channels, andc 25 feet in Sparkman Channel. The Hillsboro River project was completed in the year 1905. The controlling depth is 11 feet at mean low water. The total cost of work under existing project has been $4,958,129.75, of which $4,546,334.06 was for new work and $411,795.69 was for maintenance. The total expenditure has been $5,285,518.24. Proposed operations.-Thebalance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($242,- 780.82), will be applied to new work and maintenance as follows: New work: Transfer of amount due on Standard American Dredging Co.'s contract-------------------------------------- -- $10, 000. 00 Completion of project by removal of about 75,000 cubic yards of soft material at Egmont Bar 700. 00 1---------------------------- Total for new work- --- ---- _------- - 26. 700. 00 764 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Maintenance: Operation of dredge Absecon in upper Tampa Harbor, 81/2 months, at $12,000 per month-----------------------_ ----- $100, 000. 00 Operation of dredge Kingman at Egmont Bar and in lower Tampa Bay; 4 months, at $21,500 per month---------------- 86, 000. 00 Office expenses, supervision of harbor and navigable waterways in vicinity, upkeep of floating equipment, and motor vehicles and contingencies ---------------------------------------- 30, 080. 82 Total for maintenance--------------------------------216, 080. 82 Total--------------------------------------242, 780. 82 The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($80,000), will be applied to maintenance as. follows : Operation of dredge Kingman of similar type dredge in Egmont Bar and lower Tampa Bay, 2 months, at $21,500 per month--------------$43, 000 Operation and repair of small hopper or pipe line dredge in upper Tampa Harbor, 2 months, at $12,000 per month-------------------- 24, 000 Office expenses, supervision of harbor and navigable waterways in vicin- ity, upkeep of floating equipment, and motor vehicles -------------- 13. 000 Total for maintenance--_ ------------------------------------- 80, 000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1927 consisted principally of asphalt, canned foods, fertilizer, fruits, grain, groceries, lumber, oils, phosphate rock, sand, shell, stone, and general merchandise. The tonnage for the year amounted to 3,586,923 short tons, valued at $134,957,837. Of this total, 1,086,117 short tons, val- ued at $22997,729, was foreign commerce; 2,041.177 short tons, valued at $77,612,794, was coastwise commerce; 246,183 short tons, valued at $1,423,947, was local traffic, and 213,446 short tons, valued at $32,- 923,367, were cargoes in transit. As compared with that of the pre- ceding year, this is an increase in total tonnage of over 8 per cent- The foreign commerce increased about 3 per cent due to increased exports of phosphate, this increase in exports offsetting a decrease of about 50 per cent in imports caused by decreased receipts of pe- troleum products from Mexico. The coastwise commerce decreased: about 6 per cent. The local traffic increased about 438 per cent, due to much heavier local shipments of marine and petrolum products. The cargoes in transit increased over 220 per cent. All of the traffic used the improved channel (40 per cent from Port Tampa and 60 per cent from Tampa), about 85 per cent being benefited by the full depth and being carried in steamers, motor boats, sailing vessels, and barges towed by steamers drawing from 18 to 27 feet. About 15 per cent was carried in steamers, motor boats, sailing vessels, and barges towed by boats drawing from 6 to 18 feet. No lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the year. Comparative statement General cargo Cargoes in transit Total Year -Passen- gers Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1923........... 2, 634, 237 $72, 749, 187 170, 894 $18, 902, 472 2, 634, 237 $72, 749, 187 218, 004 1924 ~. .....- .. 2, 542, 599 81, 979, 222 142, 822 28,111,546 2, 532, 599 81, 979, 222 267, 464 1925--..........3, 476, 434 92, 219, 760 86, 431 10, 282, 286 3, 476, 434 92, 2i9, 760 267, 693: 1926- --- --. 3, 243, 897 136, 052, 142 66, 605 5, 706, 049 3, 243, 897 136, 052, 142 210,111 1927 ..........3, 373, 477 102, 034, 470 213, 446 32, 923, 367 3, 586, 923 134, 957, 837 27,193; RIVERS AND HARBORS JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 765, Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928_--------------- $5, 399, 384. 52' --------------------- Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928___ 428, 902.93 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 -------- 5, 828, 287.45 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928 ------- - 339, 949.27 Net total cost to June 30, 1928-------------------------- 6, 168, 236. 72. Add accounts receivable June 30, 1928_. ____-_- __-- - 33, 028. 53 Gross total costs to June 30, 1928_ _______---------6, 201, 265. 25, Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928------------------------ 45, 589.31 Net total expenditures8___________________6__6___ , 155, 675. 94 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928_______-_______---____---_ 242, 780. 82 -- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-----_, 6, 398, 456. 76 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work . Cost of maintenance .............. ...... , $45, 305. 69 %^^e n^ 'Total expended.. . -....... ........... $389,699.14-V 1$35,41.9 124y82.27I19,32.8 1,03.6 139, 000.00 225, 000. 00 245, 000. 00 Allotted ........................---------------------------....... 152, 500.00 180,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927----------------------------- $133, 864. 50 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 23, 1928---------------------------------------- 180, 000. 00 Amount to be accounted for---....-.------------ 313, 864. 50 Gross amount expended--------------------------- $72, 522.68 Less receipts from sales------ ...-- - -1_ 1,439. 00 71,083.68 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928_--------------------- 242, 780.82 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928_---------- -------- 32, 321. 51 Balance available June 30, 1928_____________--- 210, 459.31 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 92, 000. 00 1------------------------------ Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June ---- -- --- - - -- - -- -- --- --- -- 30, 1930, for maintenance 2____ __ 80,000.00 21. MANATEE RIVER, FLA. Location and description.-This river rises in the western part of the peninsula of Florida and flows westwardly, emptying into Tampa Bay at its southern, end and near the entrance.. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 177.) Its total length is about 45 miles. For the first 12 miles. above the mouth the river is a tidal estuary from one-half to 1 mile in width. From the head of this estuary to Rye, 22 miles above the mouth, the width: decreases from about 600 feet to about 80 feet. The river is tidal as far as Rye (22 miles). Above Rye the fall is slight and the current is moderate, and the width between banks decreases to 40 feet at Mitchellville, 1 Balance July 1, 1927, reduced $1,560.36, cost adjustment pertaining to previous fiscal year. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 766' REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 about 2 miles above Rye, and to 25 feet about one-half mile above Mitchellville. The drainage area is about 436 square miles. Original condition.-The depth over the bar at the entrance was from 7 to 8 feet at mean low water. Inside the estuary the general depths varied from 7 to 20 feet to as little as 3 feet near the upper end. Above the estuary the depths ranged from 11/ to 14 feet. The limiting depths were 7 to 8 feet over the bar; 6 to 7 feet to Palmetto, 12 miles above the mouth; 3 to 5 feet to Manatee, 71/4 miles above the mouth; and 11/ feet to Rye, 22 miles above the mouth. The head of navigation was the bridge at Mitchellville, 2 miles above Rye, and the length of the navigable portion was 24 miles. Previous project.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 100 feet wide and 13 feet deep at mean low water from Tampa Bay by Shaws Point to McNeills Point (4 miles), 100 feet wide and 9 feet deep at mean low water to Rocky Bluff (8 miles), and 75 feet wide and 4 feet deep to Mitchellville Bridge (12 miles), with a cut-off 100 feet wide and 6 feet deep from the river 21 miles above its mouth, into Terra Ceia Bay by dredging. The length of the section included in the project is 24 miles in the river and 0.66 mile in Terra Ceia cut-off. The mean range of tide is 1.6 feet at the mouth of the river, 1.3 feet at Rocky Bluff, and at low river stage the tide is perceptible at Rye. The extreme range is 2 feet at the mouth, 1.6 feet at Rocky Bluff, and 0.3 foot at Rye. Flood stage of the upper river causes the water to rise about 4 feet at Rye and 1.5 feet at Rocky Bluff, but has no appreciable effect in the lower portion of the river. Strong southwesterly winds raise the water level in the lower river about 1 foot. Strong northerly and easterly winds lower the water level about 11/ feet in the estuary below Rocky Bluff. The approved estimate of cost of new work is, revised in 1916, $137,710. The latest (1915) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted in part by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882, which provided for the improvement from Tampa Bay to McNeills Point. (Annual Report for 1882, p. 1319.) It was modified by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, which provided for a cut-off into Terra Ceia Bay. It was further modified by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, which extended the improvement to Rye. (H. Doc. No. 117, 58th Cong., 2d sess.) The river and harbor act of July 27, 1916, fixes the upper limit of the improvement at the Mitchellville Bridge. The latest published map is in Rivers and Harbors Committee Document No. 2, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recomm&nended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of four freight piers having a total frontage of: 1,225 feet, and without railway connections. The facilities are adequate for the present needs and are open to the public. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made possible the establishment of daily boat service between lower Manatee River RIVERS AND HARBORS JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 767 points and St. Petersburg and Tampa, and the improvement to Rye gives an outlet to the products of the upper valley. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 90 per cent com- plete, the greater part of the work having been completed during the calendar year 1915. Channels of project dimensions have been dredged as contemplated, except for about 200 feet on the outer bar, where the depth obtained is from 0.5 to 1 foot less than project depth: To complete the project, a small amount of rock found at depth of from 12 to 12.5 feet must be removed from the cut at the entrance, but this is not pressing and will be deferred. Shoaling generally occurs during the rainy season, when at times the low banks are over- flowed and maintenance dredging will be needed. The controlling depths at mean low water are 12 feet to McNeills Point, 8 feet to Rocky Bluff, 3 feet to Rye, and 6 feet through the Terra Ceia cut-off. The total cost of the existing project has been $205,052, of which $123,349.56 was for new work and $81,702.44 was for maintenance. The total expenditure has been $205,052. Proposed operations.-No funds are available for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1929. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1980, for the reason that the commerce being carried on the waterway is not sufficient to justify further expenditure at the pres- ent time. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1927 consisted of gravel, oils, sand, and shell. The tonnage for the year amounted to 60,928 short tons, valued at $249,308. As compared with that of the preceding year, this is a decrease in total tonnage of about 7 per cent, due to the fact that general merchandise formerly carried over the waterway is now transported by motor vehicles over the roads. Although practically all of the commerce passed over the river below Bradenton, less than 1 per cent was benefited by the im- provement, being carried in motor boats drawing from 4 to 6 feet. The balance of the commerce, local in character, was carried on lighters towed by motor boats drawing from 2 to 4 feet. No lines of transportation were established and none abandoned during the year. Comparative statemen.t Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1923......---------- 27, 043 $971, 868 42, 857 1926---------. 65,502 $294, 160 14, 500 1924..----------- 63, 345 1,475, 119 39, 97 11927--,-- - '60,928 249, 308 14, 800 . 168, 094 1925---------- 1,831,414 20, 600 1 Estimated. Cast and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928-__- ._-___--- - - _ $123, 349. 56 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 19~88-------------------- 81, 702 44: Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------ 205, 02. 00 Net total expenditures -------------------------------- 205,052. 00 Total amount :appropriated to June 30, 1928.-r----, - -- 205, 052. 00 1471--ENG 192&---49 768 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, UL S. ARMY, 1928 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work... .---- Cost of maintenance . Total expended ..... ____..'. . Allotted.... Amount (estimated) required to be. appropriated for completion of existing project----------------------------------------- $14, 300 22. HARBOR AT ST. PETERSBURG, FLA. Location and descrption.- fSt. Petersburg is situated on the west shore of Tampa Bay.; abot ' 17 milds from Egmont Light, 21 miles f onm Tampa, and 84 mil s frori Port Tampa. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. '7) The harborunder improve- mnent by the United Statesis afnitficial basin ~vithin the shore line, called Bayboro Harbor. The basin and the channel connecting it with the bay were dredgd by private 'interests about 1911. The basin was originally made 1 360 feet long, 450 feet wide, and 14 feet deep, and the channel was 1 0 feet wide and 13 feet deep. Orig1inaf Condition.-The basin has shoaled generally to 13 feet or less with a least depth of 4 feet. The channel had niarroied to 75 feet, with a least depth of 9 feet. The shoaling had progressed until the minimum usable depth;' ito the basin was 31/2 feet at mean low water through a narrow channel. Previous projects. None. Emisting projet. -This provides for a dredged channel from Tampa Bay into Ba fboro Harbbr wvith an available depth of 10 feet at mean low water and a width of 200 'feet at the outer end, gradually widening to- about 285 feet at the shore line, as defined by the eastern side of First Street, and for protecting the channel by the con- struction of a single random stone jetty on the south side. The mean tidal range is 1.84 feet. The extreme range is 2.5 feet. Strong southwesterly 'winds raise the water level about 11/2 feet. Strong northerly winds, which occur mostly during the winter months, lower the water level about 2 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1922, is $50,000. The latest (1928) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 512, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The act of August 8, 1917, modified the conditions of local cooperation. (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 6, 64th Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published map is in that document. Recommended modicaonso of praject.-None. Local cooperation.-The initial work on the basin, which forms the basis of the project, was done by a: local corporation at its own expense, at a cost of about $90,000. This work aritedated the adop- tior of the project. The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, adopting the project imposed the condition that local interests should do all necessary work inside the shore end of the jetty, including the widening of the basin 175 feet and roundin off the corner at the entrance and the maintenance of the basin to a depth of 10 feet at mean low water; ItIVERS AND E ARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 769 and that the 600 feet to .be reserved by the city for terminal purposes on the basin will be moved 800 feet farther northward, and the land along Salt Creek be reserved for future enlargements, the exact lines to be determined by the Chief of .Engineers. In compliance with these conditions, the city purchased the neces- sary additional frontage on the east side of the basin and water lot No. 1 lying to the east and north of the dredged channel, and adopted a plan for present and future development thereon; pur- chased a right of way for a municipally owned railroad to reach its property; and completed dredging the basin. The lines and plans for future development were approved by the Chief of Engineers on May 15, 1913, and by the Secretary'of War on May 16, 1913. Evi- dence of the purchase of the land and the adoption of the plan, with a bond guaranteeing its execution, were submitted to the Secretary of War and accepted by him on June 15, 1914. The river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, amended the conditions of local cooperation so as to provi'e that it would be considered a sufficient compliance with the legal obligations of the "city of St. Petersburg if by January 1, 1919, the city had (8) extended the wharf front on the proposed Pier No. 1 so as.to :have a total length of not less-than 600 feet, (b) made ;rail connection to the' wharf, (c) removed the island :left in the basin; The extension of the wharf, the removal of the island, and rail connection to the wharf have been completed. Terninal facilities.-In Bayboro Harbor are nine privately owned marginal wharves having a combined length of h15 feet. The municipal electric railway connects with six of these wharves. Two municipal quays 800e feet and 1,500 feet longs respectively, have been constructed by the city of' St. Petersburg, and the entrance channel and harbor in front of the 1,500-foot quay have been dredged to, a depth of 19 feet at mean 'low water. Two warehouses 50 by 200 feet and 100 by 300 feet, respectively, have been constructed on the long quay. The city expects to provide a pier with additional warehouses in the near future. All water-borne commerce for St. Petersburg is now handled in B3ayboro Harbor. In front of the city are two yacht basins 8 feet and 12 feet deep, respectively, protected by con- crete moles and having about, 70 boat landings leased by the munici- pality to owners of''yachts. A concrete pier about 3,000 feet long (called the million-dollar recreation pier) has recently been com- pleted. The facilities are adequate for present needs. (For a full description of terminal facilities see :H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of inmprovememt.-The completion of Bayboro Harbor and the channel leading thereto have greatly increased the commerce by water. Coastwise steamships drawing 16 to 18 feet moor at the quays and unload general cargoes. The Standard Oil Co. and Gulf Refining Co. have storage tanks there. Several small marine rail- ways and repair shops have been built. No direct effect on railroad rates has been reported. Operations a esuts during fiscal year.-No dredging was done, Expenditures amounting to $110.07 were made for inspection and office expenses and charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 67 per cent com- pleted. The channel was dredged to full project dimensions in the 770 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 year 1914, and about 825 feet of the jetty has been built, of which only about 155 feet was carried to the full height originally proposed. The jetty has settled some along its entire length. To complete the project, the jetty must be extended to the 10-foot contour in the bay, a distance of about 200 feet. An entrance channel 250 feet wide from Tampa Bay to the new city terminals, with a turning basin at the inner end, has been dredged by the city of St. Petersburg. The south edge of this channel coincides with the axis of the 10-foot Govern- ment channel. The controlling depth in the entrance channel and turning basin is 181/2 feet to the city terminals. The controlling depth is 111/2 feet in the 10-foot Government channel from the city channel to Bayboro Harbor. The total cost of the existing project has been $53,201.30, of which $32,688.62 was for new work and $20,512.68 was for maintenance. The total expenditure has been $53,201.30. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($431.40), will be applied to office work and miscellaneous expenses in connection with the supervision of the project, theissue of per- mits, etc., as may be necessary. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for the reason that the commerce being carried on the waterway is not sufficient to justify further expenditures at the pres- ent time. Commercial statistics. The commerce for the calendar year 1927 consisted of automobiles, copper wire, electrical supplies, fish, gravel, oils, sand, shell, and general merchandise. The tonnage for the year amounted to 489,852 short tons, valued at $26,773,958. Of this total, 59,979 short tons, valued at $3,928,599, was coastwise commerce; 331,873 short tons, valued at $795,359, was local commerce, and 98,000 short tons, valued at $22,050,000, were cargoes in transit. As com- pared with that of the preceding year, this is a decrease in total ton- nage of over 36 per cent, due to a general decrease in receipts and shipments of all commodities, especially in sand and shell, which lat- ter items constituted the greater part of the total tonnage during the preceding two years. Of the total commerce reported, about 30 per cent (including the cargoes in transit) did not enter Bayboro Harbor but used the docks along the new channel in Tampa Bay, and was carried in steamers drawing from 8 to 20 feet. The remaining 70 per cent used the channel into Bayboro Harbor and was carried in steamers, motor boats, and barges drawing from 3 to 9 feet. Two lines of transportation were established and none abandoned during the year. Comparative statement General freight Cargoes in transit Total Year Passen- Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 104, 292 $4, 701, 424 1923--...................... 19, 000 $732, 743 123, 292 $5, 434, 167 175, 156 -. 133, 813 5, 476,110 1924------................- 17,995 2,417,211 151,808 7, 893, 321 280, 030 1925------------------ 897, 643 11, 106, 624 13, 259 1, 811,897 910, 902 12, 918, 521 259, 292 757, 613 1926---......--...........------------.... 4, 227, 614 11, 678 1, 297, 529 769, 291 I 5, 525, 143 1 40, 000 - 391, 852 1927...................... 4, 723, 958 98, 000 22, 050, 000 489, 852 26, 773, 958 40, 000 SEstimated. RIVERS AN IX HARBORS JACKSONVILLE, :FLA., DISTRICT 771 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 _-------- --------- $32, 688. 62 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1.928 ___---------- 20, 512. 68 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 - - 53, 201..30 Net total expenditures---------------------------------- 53, 201.30 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928, - 431. 40 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 ---.- ----- 53, 632.70 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1922 Cost ofnew work..--------------------------------------------------------- -- Cost of maintenance-- --- - .... - ....--.-..-. _ -.---- _... .....-...... -............ $110.07 . $314.-04 Total expended...........------....-----.... ----...... $309-82 $1,107.54 $235. 34 110. 07 ---------------------- Allotted..........-------------------.................. 14, 491. 79 Balance unexpended July 1, '1927--------..------ _-_--- _-_ $15, 033. 26 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act apprQved ------x.- -. Feb. 23, 1927.. ..----.. -------- - 475, 00 Amount to be accounted for-------------------------- 15, 508. 26 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment__----------------- 4, 966. 79 Net amount to be accounted for------------------_------, 541. 47 Gross amount expended------------------------------------- 110. 07 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928.----------------------- 431.40 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - existing project 17,30000 23. REMOVING THE WATER HYACINTH FROM NAVIGABLE WATERS IN THE STATE OF FLORIDA Location and description.-The water hyacinth is found in the fresh-water streams and lakes in various parts of the State, and at times has become a serious obstruction to navigation on the St. Johns River and its tributaries, the Withlacoochee River and its tributaries, and the Caloosahatchee and Kissimmee River system. Original condition.--The water hyacinth is not native in Florida, but is said to have been introduced in Florida waters about 1890. It spread rapidly, and before operations for its removal were begun the rivers affected were not infrequently so blocked with floating masses of the plant that navigation was seriously impeded and the rafting of logs, on which the lumber industry was dependent, was at times entirely stopped. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-The existing project, as modified, provides for the destruction or removal of the water hyacinth in the navigable waters of the State so far as they constitute an obstruction to com- merce, using any mechanical, chemical, or other means not injurious to cattle. The use of log booms to close sloughs and backwaters as an auxiliary means was contemplated. The project was modified SExclusive of available funds. 772 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, which authorized the ruse of any mechanical, chemical, or other means whatsoever to effect the purpose. The project was again modified by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, which prohibited the use of any chemical process injurious to cattle which might feed upon the plant. No estimate of the final cost of the work has been made. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $7,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899 (H. Doc., No. 91, 55th Cong., 3d sess.). Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None is required by the appropriation acts. Individuals and transportation companies have done a considerable amount of work at their own expense in removing the hyacinth and obstructions which cause the hyacinth to collect from portions of the navigable streams in which they were particularly interested. The cost of the work is not ascertainable, but in the aggregate it has been considerable. Effect of improvement.-The work done has directly benefited navigation by abating the delays and stoppages formerly experi- enced when the growth of the plant was unchecked. It has reduced the uncertainties and cost of water transportation on many streams. Operations and results during fiscal year.--Inspections of Withla- coochee River between Istachatta and Dunnellon were made by a regularly employed boatman and the channel cleared of obstructions as they accumulated. The growth was removed by hired labor be- tween Dunnellon and the Florida Power Corporation's dam, about 4 miles above Inglis. A jam in Dora Creek, connecting Lake Eustis and Lake Dora, was also removed. The total cost was $4,056.55, all idf Which was for maintenance. The total expenditure was $3,800.91. Condition at end of fiscal yeatr.-By various means, portions of the Withlacoochee River have been from time to time cleared of hyacinth and are now partially clear for navigation. A considerable length of the middle and upper portions of the Withlacoochee River is blocked by this growth, as are also the creeks and sloughs tributary to St. Johns River and Kissimmee River, where there is practically no traffic to disturb and keep it broken up. During high stages of water, the creeks and sloughs discharge the hyacinth into the main river, at times in such quantities as to become a serious menace to navigation. The total cost under existing project has been $219,- 707.76, all of which has been for maintenance. The total expenditure has been $219,452.12. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1928 ($6,- 047.88), will be applied to the removal of the hyacinth in the tribu- taries of the St. Johns River, Withlacoochee River, and in any other navigable waters of the district where such work may become neces- sary. The work will be done by hired labor. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($7,000), will be applied to the removal of water hyacinth by hired labor from various navigable waters of the district, as such work becomes necessary. RIVERS AND HARBORS JACKSONVILLE, FLA. DISTRICT 773 Cost and financial summary -------- Cost of new work to June 30, 1928-- ...------...---.. ----------- Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928--------- ----------- $219, 707. 76 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928-------------------------- 255. 64 Net total expenditures------------.....---- ---- 219, 452. 12 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 ------. - --------------- 6, 047..88 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928--------- --- 225, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new.work- " . ."-- Costof minennce---------------------------------------------------------4, ,oal expended......--..--.......-- $22, 988.55 $1 799. $1, 929. $7,424. 7 3, 800 91 Allottd----.............................------------------------ 10, 00 ... .. 3,00.00 6, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, ,1927..-------_. ..-- --.. $3,848.79 Amounit allotted from War Department appropriiation act, approved Mar. 23, 1928,. ._. Mar.'23, 1928------ --------------- ------------------------ 6,000.00 Amount to be accounted for----------------------------9, 848.79 Gross amount expended -- _________--------_______ 3,800. 91 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928________-__ -- - ___ 6, 047. 88 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928,_-_ ------- _-500. 00 Balance available June 30, 1928 ------------------------ 5, 547. 88 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June -- - - -- -- - 30, 1930, for maintenance __ 7,000. 00 STATEMENT OF APPROPRIATIONS' AND EXPENDITURES ON WORKS OF RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENT TO JUNE 30, 1928, IN THE JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT Appropriations (or allotments) : Seacoast harbors and channels----------------------- $25, 232, 909. 34 Internal waterways ----------------- . -- -- 3, 448, 616. 15 Expenditures (exclusive of receipts from sales, etc) New work-------------------------------------- 19, 010, 453. 87 Maintenance --------------------------- 8, 205, 853. 04 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED SEPTEMBER 22, 192, MARCH 3, 1925 JANUARY 21, 1927, AND THE ACT OF FEBRUARY 14, 1927 Reports on preliminary examinations and surveys required by the river and harbor acts of September 22, 1922, March 3, 1925, January 21, 1927, and the act of February 14, 1927 of the following localities within this district were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress and printed in documents as indicated: 1. Preliminary examination and survey of Tampa and Hillsboro Bays, Fla., and Tampa Harbor,Fla.--Reports dated March 20, 1926, 1Exclusive of available funds. 774 REPORT OF. CHIEFOFP ENGINEERS, . S. ARMY 1998 and August 20, 1927, with map, are printed in House Document No. 100, Seventieth Congress, first session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a channel 29 feet deep, and 500 feet wide over Egmont Bar and for channels 27 feet deep and 300 feet wide in Hillsboro Bay and Spark- man Bay Channels, at an estimated cost of $748,000, with a total of $75,000 annually for maintenance of the entire project. 2. Survey of Caloosakatchee Rie~r and Lake Okeechobee Drain- age Areas, Fa.-Report dated November 15, 1927, with maps, is printed in House Document No. 215, Seventieth Congress, first session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project for Caloosahatchee River so as to provide for a channel 6 feet deep and 80 feet wide, extending from the western boundary of the Everglades drainage district to Fort Myers, at an: estimated cost of $620,000 and $15,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. Reports on preliminary examinations required by the river and harbor act of March 3,1925 of the following localities within this .district were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pur- suant to law, and were transmitted to Congress but have not yet been printed: 1. Preliminary examination of Cedar Keys Harbor and Channel, Fla.-Report dated April 1, 1927,:was transmitted to Congress February 25, 1928. The improvement of this locality by the United States, other than as authorized by the existing project, is not deemed advisable at the present time. 2. Preliminary examination of Wekiva River, Fla.--Report dated March 29, 1927, was transmitted to Congress December 16, 1927. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present: time. 3. Preliminary examination of Homosassa River, Fla.-Report dated December 22, 1926, was transmitted to Congress February 7, 1928. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. 4. Preliminary examination of St. Cloud Canal, Fla., connecting the lake at St. Cloud with the lake at Kissimmee.-Report dated March 24, 1927, was transmitted to Congress December 16, 1927. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. 5. Preliminary examination of Key West Harbor, Fla., on the north and west water front, with a view to deepening the channel along the docks to 30 feet, and from White Spit Buoy to the Florida East Coast Railway terminal docks.-Report dated May 14, 1927. was transmitted to Congress December 16, 1927. The improvement of this locality by the United States other than as authorized by the existing project, is not deemed advisable at the present time. 6. Preliminary examination of New River Inlet, Fla.-Report dated May 24, 1927, was transmitted to Congress December 16, 1927. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. 7. Prelimnaryeaminationof St. Augustine Harbor,Fla.-Report dated July 5, 1927, was transmitted to Congress December 16, 1927. RIVERS AND HARBORS JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 775 The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. 8. Preliminary examination and survey of Anclote River, Fla.-- Reports dated December 11, 1926, and March 19, 1927, were trans- mitted to Congress December 13, 1927. The improvement recom- mended is the same as in House Document No. 18, Sixty-third Con- gress, first session, also the estimated cost under present conditions is $30,800, with $6,000 annually for maintenance. 9. Preliminary examination of Crystal River, Fla.-Report dated December 11, 1926, was transmitted to Congress February 7, 1928. The improvement of this locality by the United States, other than as authorized by the existing project, is not deemed advisable at the present time. 10. Preliminary examination of Mosquito Inlet, Fla.--Report dated June 30, 1927, was transmitted to Congress January 13, 1928. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of June 5, 1920, September 22, 1922, March 3, 1925, and January 21, 1927, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly sub- mitted when received: 1. St. Johns River, Fla., from Jacksonville to the ocean. 2. St. Lucie Inlet, Fla. 3. Lake Worth Inlet, Fla. 4. Manatee River, Fla. 5. Taylor Creek, Fla., in Okeechobee County. 6. SarasotaInlet, Fla. 7. Onosohatchee River, Fla. 8. From the headwaters of Oklawaha River, Fla., and Lake Griffin to Lake Tohopekaliga, through Lake Apopka and other lakes, connecting the Oklawaha River system with the Kissimmee River system. 9. Canaveral Harbor, Fla. 10. Melbourne Harbor and Inlet, Fla. 11. Fort Pierce Inlet, Fla. 19. Kissinmee River, Fla. 13. PithlachacoteeRiver, la. 14. Hollywood Harbor, Fla. 15. Clearwater Harbor, Fla. 16. Channel from Clearwater Harbor,through Boca Ciega Bay, to Tampa Bay, Fla. 17. Channel from Sanford to Indian River, near Titusville, to con- nect St. Johns River with Indian River, Fla. 18. Channel from Gulf of Mexico, through PassageKay Inlet, to northern end of Anna Maria Key and into Sarasota Bay, Fla. 19. Channel of suitable dimensions from southern terminus of the FloridaEast Coast Canal at Miami into FloridaBay. REPORT MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RESOLUTION OF THE COMMITTEE ON RIVERS AND HARBORS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By resolution dated January 27, 1926, a review of reports on Charlotte Harbor, Fla., printed in House Document No. 657, Sixty- eighth Congress, second session, was requested. Report thereon with 776 .n& l OF 10Ht1n, FrF, 19 Q-JN! 8,e i, A AMY,: 1+ map was transmitted to the omunittee and printed in Rivers and Harbors Committee Document No: 1, Seventieth Congress, first session. Recommendation> is imade, for modification of the existing project for inner channels, so as t provide for a channel 10 feet deep and . 100 feet wide. from deel water at Boca- Grande itothe end:of the pro- posed- municipal terminl :at Maud Street,5 Punta Gorda, with a tutn- ing basin 200 feet square;at the outer end of the terminal, and also for the abandonment of that apart of the ;existing project extending eastward from the channel herein recommended, at an estimated cost of $22;500, with $4,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local eooperation. d ., Reports as indicated below, called for by resolutions of the Com- mittee on Commerce of the Senate, and the Committee on Rivers and Harbrs of the House of Representatives, 'will be submitted as soon as practicable: 1. Review of reportson St Jahns River, Fla., Jackson ville to Palatka,printed in House Document No. 281,: Sixty-second Congress, second session. S2.RevieW of priorbreports on St.: .P'tersbgs g [arbor, Fla. 3. Review of !r ports on CaloosahatcheeRiver, Fla., transmittedto Congress January 30, 1926.; 4. Review of reports on Miami Harbor, Fla., printed in House Document No. 516, Sixty-seventh Congress, fourth session. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT This district includes the eastern portion of the State of Alabama, the western portion of the State of Georgia, and the northwestern portion of the State of Florida. It includes specifically the water- sheds of the Alabama River, the watersheds of the rivers flowing into .the Gulf of Mexico through the State of Florida west of the Aucilla River, and the harbors in that portion of the State. District engineer: Maj. L. E. Lyon, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer : Col. W..P. Wooten, Corps of Engineers, to July 30, 1927; Col. Harley B. Ferguson, Corps of Engineers, from Janu- ary 18 to May 24, 1928, and Brig. Gen. T. H. Jackson, Corps of Engineers, to June 14, 1928. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Carrabelle Bar and Harbor, 9. St. Andrews Bay, Fla--------801 Fla------------------ 777 10. Choctawh4tchee River, Fla. 2. Apalachicola Bay, Fla ______ 779 and Ala- 804 3. Apalachicola River, Fla., the 11. LaGrange Bayou, Fla ___--- 807 cut-off, Lee Slough, and 12. Holmes River, Fla -_. 09 8---- lower Chipola River ------- 783 13. Narrows in Santa Rosa 4. Upper Chipola River, Fla., Sound, Fla-_______.-- 811 from Marianna to its mouth 786 14. Blackwater River, Fla------ 813 5. Flint River, Ga_--- - _ ____- 789 15. Escambia and Conecuh Riv- 6. Chattahoochee River, Ga. and ers, Fla. and Ala ________ 816 Ala.--...-, - .. __-- 793 16. Harbor at Pensacola, Fla ___ 818 7. Channel ,from Apalachicola .17. Alabama River, Ala -------- 822 River to St. Andrews Bay, 18. Coosa River, Ga. and Ala___ 826 Fla------.....-----. 797 19. Operating and care of locks 8. Entrance to St. Josephs ay, 7 and dams on Coosa River, Sa------ --- --- . 99 Ga. and Ala ------------ '830 RIVERS 'AND HARBORgM''iEINTGOMERY, 'ALA., DISTRICT 777 :. CARRABELLE iAR AND HABOR,, FLA. Location bind descr+iptio.-CarrabelleBar .and Harbor are located on the coast.of northwest Florida, aboet 185 miles east of Pensacoa Harbor. The harbor consists of an inner and an outer harbor; the former being that portion of the , iouth of Carrabelle River, 3,000 feet long and 400 to 700 feet ;wide, lying in front of the town of Car- rabelle. The outer harbor,4 miles from Carrabelle, is that portion of St. George Sound known, as Dog Island Anchorage, with an area of 2 square miles, lying just inside of East Pass and separated from . the Gulf of Mexicoby a sand. island known as Dog Island. This work also includes the bars at East Pass, about 6 miles: south ofthe town of Carrabelle. Carrabelle :Bar lies in St. George Sound, just off the mouth of, Carrabelle River. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 182.) Original condition.-The inner harbor had a channel 3,000 feet long, from 9 to 15 'feet deep, with an average width of 100 feet. The outer harbor averaged; 24 feet deep., The, inner bar was approxi- mately= 1 mile wide between 10-foot1:contours, with a minimum low- water usable; depth of .3 to 4: feet through a very crooked channel. The bar at East Pass had a limiting low-water, depth of 161/2 feet. Previous: p ojeots.-The original project for Carrabelle Bar and Harbor was adopted by the act of June 3, 1896, The cost and ex- penditures on this project were $21,704.08 for new work. For ,further details of previous projects see page 1833 of Annual Report for 1915. Work under existing project was begun in 1903. E isting project.---The- existing, project provides for, a channel across the inner, and outer :bars at East Pass 150 feet wide and 201/2 feet deep at mean: low water, including the closing of an opening in Dog Island; and for a channel 18 feet deep and 100 feet wide from the 18-foot contour in the outer harbor to a point about 2,500 feet outside the mouth of the river, with a suitable turning basin at this point, thence 10 feet deep and 100 feet wide to the wharves at Carra- belle. The total length of the 10-foot channel is 5,500 feet; of the 18-foot channel, 7,000 feet; and of the 201/2 -foot channel about 23/ miles. The mean range of tide throughout this harbor is- 1.4 feet, while the extreme range, except during storms, is 4 feet. The esti- mated cost of the channel across the bars at East Pass, together with the closing of the Dog Island opening, made in 1899, exclusive of amount expended on previous project, was $27,450. No estimate for the balance of the project was made, but the act of March 2, 1907, appropriated $60,000 for the work. The estimated cost for maip- tenance is about $20,000 every five years, or an annual average of $4,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for the channel at East Pass and the work at Dog Island (H. Doc. No. 63, 56th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the other work in the project without any prior report having been made thereon. The latest published map is found in House Document No. 227, Fifty- sixth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. 778 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Terminal facilities.-None, other than boat landings built along the water front on piles bulkheaded and filled in. These are used only by trading steamers plying between Pensacola, Mobile, Apa- lachicola, and Carrabelle. They answer the purpose and no better facilities are required. (See H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-A substantial reduction in ocean freight rates resulted, due to the improved channel, which permits larger and deeper draft vessels to enter, and an increase in exports over .that existing prior to the improvement. In addition the improve- ment admits, and has induced coastwise steamers to deliver at Car- rabelle, a large tonnage of merchandise and food articles and the exportation of naval stores. On these articles of freight there has been a favorable influence on rail rates. Operations and reults during fiscal year.-There were no active operations during the fiscal year. The cost of inspections, etc., was $1,568.72. -Expenditures amounted to the same-all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The opening in Dog Island had been closed. The part of the project pertaining to the channel across the bars at East Pass was completed in 1909; that pertaining to the 10-foot channel was completed in 1909; that pertaining to the 18-foot channel was completed in 1913. The turning basin has not been made. The project is 97 per cent completed. On this 97 per cent there was a saving of $48,443 under the estimated cost. On June 21, 1928, the controlling depths were as follows : For the 10-foot channel, 11.6 feet; for the 18-foot channel, 14 feet; and for the bars at East Pass, 19.3 feet. Future work will consist of dredging, when mainte- nance becomes necessary. The costs under the existing project were $57,353.04 for new work and $146,405.57 for maintenance, a total of $203,7.58.61. This latter amount also represents the total expendi- tures. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended on June 30, 1928, amounting to $5,546.18, will be applied as follows in restoring project dimensions at the mouth of the river: Maintenance : Dredging with U. S. dredge Blaokwater, 20 days in July, 1928, including transfer of plant-------------- -------------- $4, 500. 00 Engineering, administration, and contingencies -------------- 1,046. 18 Total---------------------------------------------- 5, 546. 18 It is believed that all of the above funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1929. Annual maintenance is not required. However, the sum of $1,500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, to be applied to examinations, surveys, administration, and contingencies. Comrmercial statistics.-All the commerce reported for 1927 used the improvement at the mouth of Carrabelle River. There was no foreign commerce. The coastwise receipts, amount- ing to 2,051 tons, valued at $250,336, consisted principally of animal and vegetable food products and naval stores; the coastwise ship- ments, consisting principally of turpentine and resin, amounted to 1.612 tons, valued at $189,480. These items were carried to Pen- sacola by the steamer Tarpon. RIVERS AND HARBORS MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 779 A decided decrease is noted in the 1927 commerce. This is due, partly, to the suspension of operations by two large industries at Carrabelle. These plants resumed operations in the latter part of the year. One motor boat plying between Apalachicola and Carrabelle-- chiefly as a passenger vessel-made daily trips. One steamer plying between Mobile, Pensacola, Panama City, Apalachicola, and Car- rabelle maintained a weekly schedule. Nearly all the other vessels of this port are fishing smacks and gasoline launches, owned by fish dealers and naval stores operators. The project depth is required for fishing smacks and the steamer Tarpon. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1923------------........ 7378 $854, 311 5,120 1926.......... 5, 332 $846, 887 2, 221 1924..........------------ 6, 540 928,621 5, 270 1927....---------- 3, 663 439, 816 1, 857 1925..-----------......... 7, 063 1, 075, 030 4, 709 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928______________________________ $79, 057. 12 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928_______ _______________ 146,405. 57 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928_----------- 225,462. 69 Net total expenditures __---- - -__-______- 225, 462.69 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928- --------------------------- 5, 546. 18 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928---- ______ -231, 008. 87 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work-....----------------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance ....................... ............ ...... ......... $1,568. 72 Total expended------.....................--------------------------............ $8, 139. 86 $7, 989. 42 $1, 399. 26 1,568. 72 Alltted-..........-------........-------......---------.. 5, 000. 00 -----....... 5, 000. 00 8, 243.44 900. 00 5, 500. 0(1 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927___ ---------------------- $1,614. Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928---------------------------------------- 5,500. f0 Net amount to be accounted for -__----...------ 7, 114. 90 Gross amount expended----------------------------------1, 5f6 72 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928.---------- -___-____ 5, 546. 18 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - 30, 1930, for maintenance '__- 1. 500.. 2. APALACHICOLA BAY, FLA. Locations and description-Apalachicola Bay is situated on the coast of northwest Florida 160 miles east of Pensacola Harbor. It is about 71/4 miles wide and 14 miles long from east to west, opening I Exclusive of available funds. 780 REPORT OF' CHIEF OF ENGINEERS; U. S. ARMY, 19 2 8 into St. George Sound on the east and into St. Vincents Sound on the northwest. The bay is separated from the Gulf of Mexico by St. George Island and communicates with it by West Pass on the west and through St. George Sound by East Pass on the east. The town of Apalachicola, situated on the northern shore at the mouth of the Apalachicola River, is about 14 miles from the Gulf of Mexico. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 183.) Originalcondition.-At the mouth of Apalachicola River, between the inner harbor and the 3-fathom anchorage area in the bay, there existed a bar of 7,880 feet in width between the 8-foot contours, with a minimum depth of 3.5 feet. The anchorage area along the north- ern shore of St. George Island, comprising 43/4 square miles, had a depth of 18 feet or more, to which access was had through West Pass, with a controlling depth of 11/2 feet. The depth over Bulkhead Shoals, separating Apalachicola Bay from St. George Sound, was less than 41/2 feet. Link Channel, connecting the anchorage ground and West Pass, had a minimum depth of 16 feet. The widths of channels are not of record. Previous projets.-Between 1833 and 1839 the sum of $18,700 was expended, but apparently without any definite project of record. The original project was adopted by Congress in the rivers and har- bors act of June 14, 1880, and the rivers and harbors act approved March 3, 1899, amended and extended it. Work under existing proj- ect was begun in 1907. The total cost and expenditure on the origi- nal and amended-projects since 1833 were $303,379.26, of which $134,- 613.50 was for new work and $168,765.76 for maintenance. (For further details of previous projects see page 1833, Annual Report for 1915.) Existing project.-This provides for a channel from the Gulf of Mexico 10 feet deep at mean low water and 150 feet wide through West Pass and Link Channel, and 100 feet wide thence to the town of Apalachicola, and for a channel 9 feet deep and 100 feet wide through Bulkhead Shoals. The mean range of tide throughout this harbor is 2 feet. The extreme range, except during storms, is about 3 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1927, was $82,144. The latest (1927) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $14,000. The existing project was authorized by the following rivers and harbors acts: The act of March 2, 1907, provided for a channel 18 feet deep through West Pass and Link Channel, 10 feet deep across the bar, and 9 feet through Bulkhead Shoals (H., Doc. No. 422, 59th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of January 21, 1927, provided for the present dimensions of the project (H. Doc. No. 106, 69th Cong., 1st sess:). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None other than small landings for river- boat traffic built along the water front on piles, bulkheaded and filled in. They answer the purpose, and no better facilities are required. (See H: ~De. 'No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement at the mouth of Apa- lachlcola River has increased the facilities for commerce at this RiVERS AND HARBORS MONiTGOVIERY, ALA. DISTr1CT 781 port. In addition ';he improvement admits and has induced coast- wise steamers to aeliver at Apalachicola a large tonnage of mer- chandise and food articles and has resulted in an increase in the shipment of naval stores. On these articles of freight there has been a favorable influence on rail rates. The work accomplished on Link Channel and West Pass has had no commercial effect. It is esti- mated that 40 vessels, with draft not exceeding 8 feet, use the harbor for refuge. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. pipe-line dredge Blackwater, operated by hired labor, was employed from October 10 to November 7, 1927, in dredging a channel 7,700 feet long and 110 feet wide through the river bar channel, resulting in the removal of 195,425 cubic yards of material. Over the area dredged, the controlling depth was increased from 7.1 to 11.1 feet. Dredging was confined to that portion of the channel where shoal- ing has been most rapid in the past. The dredge Blackwater was docked and thoroughly overhauled. A survey of the river bar chan- nel, before and after dredging, was made, and results mapped. The cost of dredging, inspections, etc., was $12,846.13. The expenditures amounted to $28,860.35, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project, as modified in 1927, has been completed. A timber bulkhead, 9,874 feet in length, was constructed to protect the already completed 10-foot channel at the mouth of the Apalachicola River. - This bulkhead was practically destroyed during 1916 by two severe storms, and has never been rebuilt, although most of the piling remain in place. The controlling depthes-as 'of June 30 1928, were as follows: River bar channel over area 'dredged duiing fiscal year, the project re- quirements are. exceeded, the controlling' de th being 11 feet; over the portion of the channel not dredged during the fiscal year, or for a distance of 1,875 feet, the controlling depth is 8.5 feet; for St. Georges Channel, 7.2 feet; for Link Channel and West Pass, the project depth exists; for Bulkhead Shoals, 9.6 feet. Over the latter, channel widths are somewhat contracted for a distance of 1.535 feet. The costs under the existing project were $82,144.59 for new work and $227,432.69 for maintenance, naking a total of $309,577.28. The total expenditures were $378,463.95. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended on June 30, 1928, amounting to $54,007.08, will he applied ,to restoring project dimen- sions in thoe river bar and Bulkhead Shoals channels, and the con- struction of a new hull for the dredge Blackoater, as follows: Maintenance: Dredging with U. S. dredge Blackwater in August and Septen- ber, 1928, 2 months, including transfer of plant--__ ..-----... $16, 000. 00 Construction of new hull, by contract for U. S. dredge Black- , water, from August to December, 1928, inclusie. - . ..- - 35, 000. 00 Engineering, administration, and contingencies,, ._--_,., . 3, 007. 08 Total---------------------------------------- -__ 54, 007. 08 The above funds will be expended at th"rate 'of about $8,000 per month during active operations ,and at, an, average rate of .. bout $700 per month during the remainder of the year. All funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1929. 782 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Annual maintenance has been found necessary to meet the needs of commerce. An additional sum of $15,000 can be profitably ex- pended on these channels during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, as follows: Maintenance : Dredging with one hydraulic pipe-line dredge 11/2 months, includ- ing transfer of plant .. ---------------------------------- $13, 000 Engineering, administration, and contingencies_________________ 2, 000 Total ------------------------------------------------ 15,000 Comnercial statistics.-All the commerce reported for 1927 used the improvement. The receipts amounted to 18,649 tons, valued at $1,348,096, and consisted principally of animal and vegetable food products shipped from Mobile, Ala., and Pensacola, Fla.; of fish, oysters, and shrimp brought to Apalachicola from Apalachicola Bay and contiguous waters, and of resin and turpentine transported to Apalachicola from naval stores camps in the vicinity. The value of receipts showed a decrease of about 18 per cent, as compared to 1926, while their ton- nage increased slightly. The shipments, amounting to 2,160 tons, valued at $250,060. con- 1926, sisted almost entirely of turpentine and resin. As compared with the tonnage of shipments decreased 33 per cent, and their value decreased 42 per cent. One steamer maintained regular freight and passenger service be. tween Apalachicola, Fla., Carrabelle, Fla., Panama City, Fla., Pensa- cola, Fla., and Mobile, Ala., making weekly trips. This steamer re- quires the project depth. One motor boat makes daily trips between Carrabelle and Apalachicola, Fla., carrying passengers and mail. The usual draft of oyster and shrimp boats was 8 feet. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1923-----------......... 24, 930 $1, 994, 202 5, 219 1926----------- 21, 234 $2, 083, 100 2, 285 ....... 1924----- 25, 607 1, 867, 390 4, 708 1927----------- 20, 809 1,598, 156 1, 894 1925 .....-------....--- 22, 906 2, 060, 082 4, 745 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928---------------------------- $216, 758.09 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 ----------------------- 396, 198. 45 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 198------------- 612; 956 54 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928 ----------- 70, 867. 98 Net total cost to June 30, 1928--------------- ------- 683, 824. 52 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928 ----------------- 1, 981.31 .. Net total expenditures____----------- -------- 681, 843.21 Unexpended balance. Ju. 1928-- ------ - 0,:3 54, 007. 08 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-------------- 735, 850. 29 RIVERS AND HARBORS MONTGOA ERY, ALA., DISTRICT 783 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work-----------....----------------- $12, 846. 13 Cost ofmaintenance........................----------------------...-----------......... Total expended--......................------------------ $6, 987. 66 $17, 448. 00 $19, 459. 87 $19, 209.36 28, 860.35 Allotted.............................----------------------------- 3,000.00 4,000.0032,000.00 30,000.00 51,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927------------------------------$31, 867. 43 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928--------------------- $16,000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927_----- ...--- __---_ 35, 000. 00 51, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for_-......-.- -__ __ 82, 867. 43 Gross amount expended_------- --------------- ___--- 28, 860. 35 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 ---------------------- 54, 007.08 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928-------------------- 1,981. 38 Balance available June 30, 1928----------_ 52,025. 70 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance 1 - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - _ _ -- - - 1 000. 00 15, 3. APALACHICOLA RIVER, THE CUT-OFF, LEE SLOUGH, AND LOWER CHIPOLA RIVER Location and description.-The Apalachicola River is formed at the southwest corner of the State of Georgia by the junction of the Chattahoochee and Flint Rivers and flows south a distance of 112 miles, emptying into Apalachicola Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey Chart No. 183.) About 44 miles above the mouth of the river a cut-off 1% miles long leaves the river and a certain part of the water from the river passes through this cut-off and thence through Lee Slough, 61/2 miles long, and lower Chipola River, 81/2 miles long, and reenters the Apalachicola River about 29 miles above its mouth. The general direction of the cut-off is west and of Lee Slough and lower Chipola River south and southeast. The drainage area of the Apalachicola River, not including the drainage area of the Chattahoochee, Flint, or upper Chipola Rivers, is 843 square miles. Including these tributaries, the drainage area is 22,376 miles. Its average discharge at low water' is approximately 6,000 . second- feet; at high water it is about 123,000. The low-water stage exists generally between September and November, inclusive, and the high- water stage from February to April, inclusive. This river is tidal in its lower reach, the effect of the tide being felt approximately 25 miles above its mouth, from which point to its source the river is sluggish. The average width between banks of the main river is from 150 to 300 yards and of the cut-off and lower Chipola River ap- proximately 150 feet. The fall per mile on the main river is about 3 inches. Original condition.-The available depth in the main river was 6 feet at low water except where obstructed by snags and sunken logs, 'Exclusive of available funds. 14710-ENG 1928-----50 784 REPORT OFD CHIEF OFI ENGINEERS, tU. S. ARMY, 1928 the width of the channel for this depth not being of record. The cut-off, Lee Slough, and lower Chipola River were badly obstructed by logs, snags, trees, etc.; the channel was very narrow and tortuous, although approximately 5 feet deep. The main river was navigable throughout its entire length, as was also the lower Chipola and the cut-off, although the records indicate that Lee Slough was not navi- gable. The Confederate authorities obstructed the river at a point 35 miles above its mouth, causing the river to break through by a channel known as Moccasin Slough, into the River Styx, which re- joined the Apalachicola River a few miles below. Moccasin Slough was very narrow, tortuous, and much obstructed by logs, snags, etc. Previous projects.-The sum of $13,000 represents the cost and expenditures between 1828 and 1831, but apparently under no definite project. The division of this amount as between new work and main- tenance is not of record. In the years 1835 and 1836 appropriations amounting to $9,000 were made for the " Chipola River," but there is no record as to expenditures, and this amount is not included in the cost nor expenditures reported on this improvement. Work under existing project was begun in 1875. Existing project.-This provides for a channel in the Apalachicola River 6 feet deep at low water and 100 feet wide, to be secured by the removal of snags and overhanging trees and by widening and straightening Moccasin Slough,, and for a channel 5 feet deep and 60 feet wide through the cut-off, Lee Slough, and lower Chipola River. The range of the tide at the mouth of Apalachicola River is 2 feet, and the variation between low and high water is about 30 feet at the point where the river is formed. The estimate of cost of new workgrevised in 1923, is $106;000, exclusive of amount expended under previous project. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $15,000. The existing project was authorized by the following rivers and harbors acts: The act of June 23, 1874, provided for the channel in the Apalachicola River (H. Doc: No. 241, 42d Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1873, p. 698); the act of June 13, 1902, provides for the work in the cut-off, Lee Slough, and lower COhipola River (Annual Report for 1889, p. 14 1 6 ). No map of Apalachicola River -Slough, has been published in :congressional documents. A map of the cut- off, Lee and lower Chipola River will be found in the Annual Report for 1891 opposite page,1696. Reomemended modiflcatipn of profeot.--None. SLocal cooperation.---None. Terminal facilities.--At Apalachicola, "Fla., the facilities consist of six wharves built on piling with wooden framework, and all owned ,are by private concerns. Of these twobre open to all carriers on equal terms, while the remaining, fpur with their :business. used by owners in connection There are no mechanical handling devices. The lending at Blountstown, Fla., is a natural one, provided with a warehouse, open, to all carriers. It has: io meOhanical handling device. The landing at River Landing, Fla., is a natural one, used in :connection !with a warehouse erected on trestlework, and the freight is handled by double-track hoist. This terminal is the property of the Seaboard Air Line Railway, and open to all carriers on equal terms. These facilities are considered adequate for existing RIVERS AND HARBORS MONTGOMERY, :ALA., DISTRICT 785 commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see iH. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement is essential to a large :section of the State of Florida, which has no other means of trans- portation of necessary supplies. Water transportation has been :made easier, particularly due to opening of the cut-off, Lee Slough, and lower Chipola River. Its effect on reduction of freight rates extends through its tributaries far into Georgia and Alabama. River rates are lower than corresponding rail rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Snagging operations were carried on by the U. S. snag boat Albany from August 1 to October 23, and from November 11 to December 4, 1927, resulting in the removal of 1,799 snags, logs, and overhanging trees, at a cost of $13,213.70, all for maintenance, including rental of plant from the Flint River improvement, and engineering, overhead, and office ex- penses. The total expenditures were $13,213.70, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1924. At the end of the fiscal year the contraction works were in fair condition. The controlling depth determined during the fall of 1927 was 5 feet. Boats drawing 4.5 feet can operate throughout the year at a stage of zero on the River Junction gauge. Greater drafts are available usually from January to July of each year. The costs under the project were $108,463.69 for new work and $137,991.05 for maintenance, making a total cost of $246,454.74. This latter amount also represents the total expenditures. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended on June 30, 1928, amounting to $5,795.26, will be applied to annual snagging as follows: -Maintenance: Operating U. S. snag boat Albany 11/2 months during August and September, 1928------------------------------------ $5, 250. 00 Engineering, administration, and contingencies___----------- 545.26 Total---------------- -------- ------------------------ 5, 795. 26 It is believed that all funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1929. Annual snagging and occasional dredging and repairs to contrac- tion works are required. An additional sum of $8,000 can be profit- ably expended for maintenance during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, as follows: :Snagging, employing the U. S. snag boat Albany for 2 months, at $3,500 per month-------------------------- ------------------- $7, 000 Supervision and overhead___------------------------------ 1, 000 Total . 8, 000 ..----------- ------------------------------------- This amount is larger than the average expenditure for mainte- nance for the last five years, as there has been an accumulation of maintenance work. Commercial statistics.- The improvement was 'used by all the com- merce on this stream. Naval stores, vegetable food products, lumber and logs, and for a short haul, sand and gravel, were the principal commodities carried. Rafted logs amounted to 15,200 tons, valued at $91,200; sand and gravel amounted to 144,320 tons, valued at $158,752. The remaining tonnage, which moved by boats and barges, was 63,302 tons, valued at $1,795,940. The project depth is required for the economical operation of boats carrying freight on this improvement. 786 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 A packet line, operating two steamers, maintained a regular sched- ule throughout the year with its larger boat, drawing about 4 feet,. and made intermittent trips with its smaller boat, drawing about 3 feet, from January to July, at the end of which period, the smaller boat was sunk in the Lower Chipola River. All the records of freight handled by this boat were lost, but it is estimated that during the six months of its operation, approximately 3,000 tons of freight were handled. This freight has not been included in the tonnage carried on this stream. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1923-----------............ 197, 235 $3, 061, 536 1, 894 1926....... . 234, 169 $2, 068, 635 402 1924....----------- 209, 596 3, 581, 769 1, 766 1927 .... . 222, 822 2,045,892 388 1925----------215, 786 -2,960, 509 1, 478 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928--- -------------------- $121, 463. 69 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928----------------------- 137, 991.05 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 ----------- 259, 454. 74 Net total :expenditure--------------------------------------- 259, 454. 74 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928---------------------------- 5, 795.26 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 ------------- 265, 250.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost ofnew work . Cost of maintenance--------------------- ---------- ------------------------ $13, 213. 70 Total expended $16, 885. 46 $12, 544.18 ---......................... $6, 638. 76 $3, 387. 70 13, 213. 70 Allotted ----------------------------------------------- 10,000.00 9,000.00 95000 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927------------------------------- $9, 508.96, Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928----------------------------- $6, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927----------------------------- 3, 500.00 9, 500. 00 Net amount to be accounted for---,--- ------------------ 19, 008. 96 Gross amount expended----- ----------------------------- 13,213.70 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928---------------------- 5, 795.26; Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance 1------ -------- --- 8, 000.00 4. UPPER CHIPOLA RIVER, FLA., FROM MARIANNA TO ITS MOUTH Location and description.-The upper Chipola River rises in the southeast portion of the State of Alabama and flows in a genererl southerly direction through Alabama and northwest Florida for a SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS -MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 787 distance of about 125 miles, emptying into Apalachicola River through Lee Slough and lower Chipola River. For the last 10 miles the upper Chipola River widens into a broad sheet of water filled with cypress trees and known as the Dead Lakes. The cut-off re- ferred to in the description of the Apalachicola River joins the upper Chipola River at the lower end of the Dead Lakes. The upper Chipola River has a drainage area of 1,205 square miles. (See U. S. Geological Survey charts for west Florida.) Its high and low water discharges are not of record. Low water occurs generally from September to November, inclusive, and high water from Feb- ruary to April. The current is fairly rapid to a point 35 miles above the mouth, from which point to the mouth it is rather sluggish, becoming decidedly so as it passes through the Dead Lakes. The average width between banks varies from 60 to 200 feet. The fall per mile is not of record. Original condition.--This river' was navigable at low water as far as Braxton Landing, about 40 miles above the mouth, and at higher stages steamers and barges navigated the river as far as Marianna, 55 miles above the mouth. The channel was, however, very difficult and had over the shoals a low-water depth of only 2 feet. At Look and Tremble Shoals, 20 miles below Marianna, the river had a fall of 5 feet in 40 feet over a rock bottom. The width of the channel was approximately 50 feet. Previous projects.-In 1835 and 1836 appropriations totaling $9,000 were made for "The Chipola River," but there is no record of the expenditure of this sum. Work under existing project was begun in 1900. Existing project.-This provides for securing a channel 3 feet deep at low water and 60 feet wide from the foot of the Dead Lakes to Marianna, a distance of 55 miles, by rock excavation and snag- ging. The variation between low and high water is approximately 14 feet. The original estimate for new work, made in 1888, was $41,000, exclusive of the cost of necessary plant. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899. (Annual Report for 1899, p. 1416.) No map of the upper Chipola River has been published in any congressional documents or annual report. Recomended modifications of project.-The project has been recommended for abandonment. (H. Doc. No. 467, 69th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None, other than natural landings for river boat traffic. These landings answer the purpose, and no better facili- ties are required. (See H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement between the foot of the Dead Lakes and Look and Tremble Shoals is essential to a section of the State which is not provided with other means of transportation. Below Look and Tremble Shoals improvement has made it possible to maintain regular transportation throughout the entire year. No benefit has been derived from the expenditure above Look and Trem- ble Shoals. It is not known whether freight rates have been affected. 788 IRROnrkO'z.CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S; ARMY, 1928: Operations ani esults during fiscal year.-~Snagging operations were carried on from October 24 to November 4, 1927. by the U. S. snag boat Albany, resulting in the removal of 143 snags and logs from the channel at a cost of $1,612.87, including rental of plant, from the Flint River improvement, and overhead and office expenses. The total cost and expenditures were $1,612.87, all of which was for maintenance Condition 't end' of fiscal year.-The project has been completed fiom Look and'uTremble Shoals to the mouth. Practically no work. has been done at Look and Tremble Shoals, or from that point to Marianna, a distance of approximately 20 miles. The existing project ist about 75 per cent completed. The controlling depth at the end of' the fiscal year, Up to Look: and Tremble Shoals, the present head of navigation, is 3 feet, which depth is available throughout the year. Greater depth are usually available from January to June. There are no gauges on this stream. The work remaining to complete the project is the improvement from and including Look and Tremble Shoals todMarianna, which would probably require the construction of, one lock and dam to carry deep water across these shoals. The construction of a lock and dam, however, was not contemplated in the original estimate, nor included in the project. The costs 'under the existing project to the end of. the fiscal year were $36,781.12 for new work and $43,193.43 for maintenance, making a total cost of $79 974.55. This latter amount also represents the total expenditures. IProposed operations.--The funds :unexpended on June 30, 1928, amounting to $9,525.45, will be applied as follows: Maintenance: 'Dredging joperdtidn of U. S. dredge Upatoi, 28 days, during De- cember, 1928, at $6,000 per month------------- $5, 600. 00 Snaging, operation of U. S. snag boat Albany, 1 month, during October, 1928 __ , 500. 00 3---------------- Engineering, administration, and contingencies-----------------425. 45 Total----- ----------------------------------------- 9, 525. 45 It is believed that these funds will be exhaused June 30, 1929. Maintenance will be required in 1930. An additional sum of $4,000 can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, as follows: Maintenance: Snagging, operation of U. S. snag boat Albany for 1 month, at $3,500 per month-_ $3, 500 Engineering, administration, and contingencies------------------500 Total ------------------------------------------------ 4. 000 Commercial statistics.-All the commerce of this stream, consisting of naval stores, casks, and staves, and rafted logs, used the improvement. No regular schedule is maintained by boats on this stream, but occasional trips were made by a small steamer during the first half of the year. This boat sank in July, 1927, and all the records of trips and tonnage were lost. The 1927 tonnage given in the following table is estimated. RIVER S AND IARBORSr-g-M GOMB ALA4, DOI I 78Ff Compaative stpatent . ; Year Tons, value Passelgers Yar; Tons Value /Passengers 9315, 694 $928, 966 59 A926:. _---;. 10,975 $1,061, 2907. 1924___________ 17, 096 954, 418 104 1927 .1 - 6,800 300, 000.. _ 1925-----------17,275 955,702 148 1 Estimated. Cost and finaal summar ' Cost of new work to Jrne 30, 1 28 =I-: - -- $36,781:12 Cost of maintendnce tO'June 30, 1928 ---- 5-.- ' 43,193.4 ~ 4------9=-_' Total cost of permanent wo7k to June 30, 1928:,.. .. _ 79Q74.55 _. .. Net total expenditures----------- --------------------- . 55 , Unexpended balance June 30; 1928---------------------------9 525. 45 Total apmount appropriated to June,30, 1928_- .:_ _.. 89, 500. 00 Fiscal.year ending June 30 , 924 1925 1926 1927: 1928 Cost of new work------..... .------- ....--------. --..-.... --- , .... ...-- Cost of maintenance ..... - ---- $1, 612, 8 Tota expended---.......................... $4,886.52 $3,.563. 39 $3,619 12 $3,187.17 1, 612.87 Allotted,--------------------- ------- .---------- , .5, 000 00: 7, 00,0Q- ,--------:, 9500.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 -------------------... . $1, 638. 32 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation tact approved Mar. 23, 1928 --- ------- ,- ---- ----------------- .7,000.00 Amount transferred 'from otheroworks.. .... .. 2,500.00 Net amount to be accounted for ---... ..-. ---- =.__ 11, 138. 32 ,- Gross amount expended-_---_------------- _-- -- .- ' 1,612. 87 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 -- _------ ,----------- 525.45 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1 -- - - -- ---- - -- -- --- --- 1930, for maintenance .......... 4, 000. 00 5. FLINT RIVER, GA. Location and description.-The Flint River rises in the west cen- tral part of the State of Georgia, flows in a generally southeasterly direction to Albany, and thence southwest to the southwest corner of the State, where it joins with the Chattahoochee River in forming the Apalachicola River. Its estimated length is about 285 miles. (See U. S. Geological Survey charts for southwest Georgia.) It has a drainage area of 10,013 square miles and an average low-water dis- charge at Bainbridge of 2,500 second-feet. The high-water dis- charge is not of record. The period of average low water extends through the months of May to December, inclusive, The average high-water period extends through the .months of January to April, inclusive. The river is nontidal and the current rapid in its upper reaches above Bainbridge. The average width of the river between 1 Exclusive of available funds. 790 REPORT OF OCHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Montezuma and Albany is from 120 to 200 feet, contracted in places to about 80 feet. The fall between these two places is estimated to be about 125 feet, making a fall per mile of appnoximately 1.75 feet. The fall per mile from Albany to Bainbridge is 1.2 feet, and from Bainbridge to the mouth about 0.6 foot. The average width from the mouth to Albany is 300 feet. Original condition.-The river was navigable at low water from its mouth to Bainbridge, a distance of 30 miles, for boats drawing 3 feet, but the channel was narrow, crooked, and dangerous. Above Bainbridge the river was not navigable at low stages of water, due to obstructions of sand and rock shoals, loose rocks, snags, logs, and overhanging trees, although boats occasionally ascended to Albany, a distance of 103 miles from the mouth at higher stages. Previous projects.-None. E isting project.-This provides for a channel 100 feet wide and 3 feet deep at extreme low water from the mouth of the river to Albany, a distance of 103 miles, to be obtained by dredging, rock excavation, building contraction works, and removal of snags, and a channel for light-draft steamers at moderate stages from Albany to Montezuma, a distance of 79 miles, to be obtained by the removal of loose rocks, snags, and overhanging trees. The extreme fluctuation of stage due to floods was 33 feet, while the average variation between low and high water is approximately 21.5 feet. The esti- mated cost of new work between the mouth and Albany, revised in 1928, is $715,000, and between Albany and Montezuma, made in 1879, $15,100. The latest (1928.) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $20,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 23, 1874, provided for the present channel dimensions from the mouth to Albany (Annual Report for 1873, p. 707); the act of June 14, 1880, extended the project to Mon- tezuma (Annual Report for 1879, p. 818). The latest published map is in House Document No. 986, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of July 25, 1917, the Chief of Engineers recommended modification of the project by eliminating improvement of that portion of the river above Albany. (See H. Doc. No. 302, 65th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The facilities at Bainbridge consist of a natural landing, with a warehouse, and double-track steam hoist, owned by Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, open to all carriers on equal terms. At Albany the facilities consist of a natural landing with no improvements. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvemet.-The effect on freight rates has been to cause a considerable reduction as far as Bainbridge, Ga., and vicinity, navigation to that point having been rendered much easier and safer than under original condition. This improvement also serves a considerable section of country between Bainbridge and Albany, which has no means of transportation other than highroads. Opeations and resuts during fiscal yea.-The U. S. dipper dredge Upatoi and attendant plant removed 39,435 cubic yards of RIVERS AND I.AiBORS--CONTGOMERY ALA. DISTRICT .791 rock and clay, at a cost of $23,351.27 from various shoals between miles 81.5 and 91.3 above the mouth of the river. A survey of work completed or contemplated was made at a cost of $2,426.82. The total cost of work during the fiscal year was $25,778.09, all for: new work. The expenditures were $42,706.10. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Work of improvement has been carried on from the mouth to Negro Head Shoals, a distance of 91.3 miles, and in this stretch the channel is in goodcondition for a width of 70 feet. The existing project was 96.9 per cent completed at the end of the fiscal year. The controlling depth at the end of the fiscal year for the portion of the river below: Negro Head Shoals was 3 feet, and between Negro Head Shoals and Albany, Ga., 2 feet. Vessels requiring 4 feet of water can operate throughout the year as far a Bainbridge, Ga. Vessels requiring a depth in excess of the above can ordinarily operate on the river as far as Albany between the months of November and June. The work still remaining to be done to complete the project to Albaniy, Ga.. consists of dredging through various shoals from Negro HeadSho4, mile 91.3 above the mouth, to Albany, Ga., mile 103, and -ideniig 'arious dredged cuts from 70 to 100 feet. The costs under the existing project were $514,700.77 for new work and $120,504.50 for maintenance, a total of $635,205.27. The total expenditures amounted to $829,289.75. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended on June 30, 1928, amounting to $50,710.25, will be applied to new work and mainte- nance as follows: New work: Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Upatoi for approximately 4 months, from July, 1928, to October, 1928, inclusive, at $6,000 per month ----- -------------------------------- $24, 000.00 Care and repair of plant------------------------------- 3,000. 00 Engineering, administration, and contingencies--------------2, 000. 00 Total-___------------- 29, 000. 00 Maintenance: Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Upatoi for approximately 1 month, during November, 1928-------------------------6,000. 00 Care and repair of plant ------------------------------- 3, 000. 00 Repairs to snag boat Albany----------------- 10, 000.00 Engineering, administration, and contingencies -------------- 2, 710. 2,5 Total---------------------------------------- 21, 710.25 Funds will be expended at the rate of about $7,500 per month dur- ing active operations and at the rate of about $1,500 per month dur- ing cessation of work due to high water. It is thought that all funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1929. Additional new work and maintenance will be required during the fiscal year 1930. Accordingly the additional sum of $40,000 can be profitably expended as follows: New work: Operating U. S. dipper dredge Upatoi, 21/2 months, at $6,000 per month ---------------------------------------------- $15, 000 Care and repair of plat---------------------------------- 3, 000 Engineering, administration, and contingencies-- 2, 000 Total- - - -------------------- 20, 000 .792 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 -Maintenance: Operating U. S. dipper dredge Upatoi, 2 months, at $6,000 per month-----------..--------------------------------- $12, 000 Care and repair of plant ---------------------------------- 5, 000 Engineering, administration, and contingencies----------------- 3, 000 Total ....----------------------------------------------- 20, 000 Grand total-----,------- -------------------------- 40, 000 Coimnerciaa satigtiic.-All the commerce of this stream, consist- ing principally of naval stores, vegetable food products, and logs, used the improvement. It consisted principally of naval stores, -vegetable food products, and logs. Rafter logs amounted to 1,210 tons, valued at $7,260. The remaining 16,921 tons, valued at $573,860, was handled by boats and barges, with a loaded draft of about 4 :feet. The conmmerce on this stiream is largely confined to the stretch be- -tween Bainbridge, Ga., and the mouth; but navigation is carried as far up as Albany, .,, when the stage of water is 3 feet or more. One small packet boat maintained a regular weekly schedule between Bainbridge and the mouth. Comparative statement Year Tons Yalue Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1923----------........ 17, 849 $1, 677, 438 453 . 20, 402 1926----...........-- $810, 190 260 1924----------........ 18, 879 1, 691, 219 507 1927----------18,131 581, 120 225 -1925-............ 15, 947 , 341, 789 412 Cost and finanoial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928- ------------------- ,Cost of. maintenance to June 30, 1928--------------------------- $514, 700. 77 120, 504. 50 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------- 635, 205.27 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928------------- 198, 719.48 Net total cost to June 30, 1928 ------------------------833, 924. 75 Add accounts receivable June 30, 1928 ------------------------- 2, 592 95 Gross total costs to June 30, 1928---------------------- 836, 517. 70 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928-------------------------7, 227. 95 Net total expenditures----------------------------------829, 289. 75 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928-- 50, 710. 25 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928---------------- 880, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work-..................- ............ ............ - -............ I............ $25, 778. 09 Cost ofmaintenance............... ...------------------------------------------------............-------- ' __ 'Total expended-- --.-- ____ ___-------- $23, 195. 31 $46, 432. 48 $49, 767. 89 $143, 116. 58 42, 706. 10 34,000.00 40,000.00 150, 000.00 45,000.00 Allotted------------------------................................. 53,000.00 RIVERS AND HARBORS MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 793 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927__________________________ $40, 416. 35 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928--------------------$40, 000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation .act approved Feb. 23, 1927----------------------13, 000. 00 53, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for----------------------- 93, 416. 35 Gross amount expended_ ------------- $43,20. 10 Less receipts from sales---_ --------------- 500. 00 42, 706. 10 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928--------------------- 50, 710. 25 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928------------------------- 7, 227.95 Balance available June 30, 1928_-_____-- __-. ; 3,og 30 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing poject ------------------------------------ 17,30 0 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930: For new .work 1------------------------___-------- .20, 000. 00 For maintenance '---_ - -------------- 20, 000. 00 Total 1--------- ------------------- ------------- 40, 000. 00 6. CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER, GA. AND ALA. Location and description.-The Chattahoochee River rises in the north central part of the State of Georgia and flows in a southwest- erly direction to West Point and thence in a southerly direction to join with the Flint at the southwest corner of the State of Georgia, forming the Apalachicola River. Its length is approximately 418 miles. (See U. S. Geological Survey charts for northwest Georgia.) The drainage area of this river is 10,315 square miles. It has an average low-water discharge at. West Point (about 200 miles above the mouth) of 1,564 and an average high-water discharge of 40,693 second-feet. The low-water stage generally exists between the months of May and December, inclusive, and the high stages be- tween the months of January and March, inclusive. The river has an average width between banks of about 200 feet at Columbus, 164 miles above the mouth; 300 feet at Eufaula, 100 miles above the mouth, and about 500 feet at the mouth. The fall per mile is 1 foot from Columbus to Eufaula and 9 inches from Eufaula to the mouth. Original condition.-Boats drawing 22 inches were able to reach Columbus, Ga., for about nine months of the year. Navigation was, however, difficult and dangerous during daylight and impossible at night, due to large accumulations of logs, snags, overhanging trees, and to sand, rock, and marl shoals which obstructed the channel. Columbus, 164 miles above the mouth, was the head of navigation. The dimensions of the channel in use are not of record. Previous projects.-The river and harbor act of July 13, 1892, made an appropriation of $5,000 for the section of river between West Point and Franklin, Ga., and appropriations therefor were continued until 1899, when they were discontinued due to unfavor- T 1 Exclusive of available funds. . :: 794 'REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 able report on survey directed by the act of March 3, 1899 (H. Doc. No. 111, 56th Cong., 2d sess.). The cost and expenditures on this project were $19,719.22 for new work. (For further details of previ- ous projects see p. 1834 of Annual Report for 1915.) Existing project.-This provides for securing a channel 4 feet deep at low water and 100 feet wide from the mouth to Columbus, Ga., a distance of 164 miles, by the removal of timber obstructions, dredging, contraction works, and shore protection. The variation between average low and high water is approximately 20 feet. The extreme fluctuation is 45 feet at Columbus. The estimated cost of new work, from the mouth to Columbus, Ga., revised in 1924, is $1,156,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $60,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 23, 1874 (H. Doc. No. 241, 42d Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report:for 1873, p. 699). No map of the Chattahoochee River below Columbus has been printed in any congressional document. Recommnded modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The terminals at Alaga, Columbia, and Eufaula, Ala., consist of natural landings provided with warehouses and hoists, open to all carriers on equal terms. The Atlantic Coast Line Railway connects with the terminal at Alaga and the Central of Georgia Railway with that at Columbia. There are not rail con- nections at Eufaula. These facilities are considered adequate for the present commerce. The timber wharf at Columbus, Ga., is owned by the city of Columbus and rests on the river bank on one side and on a rubble retaining wall on the water side. There are no transfer facilities or mechanical handling devices at this wharf. It is open to all carriers on equal terms. There is also a privately owned ware- house with an incline hoist for handling freight at a natural landing about 300 yards below the city wharf. While it is an improvement over the old wharf, due to direct rail connection and mechanical hoist, it is not well suited to economically handle the volume of freight transported by river. It is also open to "all carriers on equal terms. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement of this river has re- sulted in giving Columbus and all other points on the river equitable freight rates, which are a material reduction from the rates to all other points not served by the river. The absolute amount of reduc- tion can not be stated, but the effect is very favorable to Columbus, Eufaula, and other river points accessable by rail. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging operations in connection with jetty building were carried on by the U. S. dredge Muscogee from Neal's Landing to the mouth of the river, resulting in the removal of 95,118 cubic yards of sand and gravel from the channel, all of which was pumped into jetties. The cost of dredging was $10,978.55. The U. S. towboat Georgia was employed in making rock and capping sand and gravel jetties with stone. A total of 3,375 linear feet of jetties were capped with 2,089 tons of rock, at a cost of $25,934.43. Snagging operatiois were carried on by the U. S. snag boat Albany during July, 1927, resulting in the removal of 363 logs, snags, and overhanging trees at a cost of $2,007. Surveys RIVERS AND HARBORS MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 795 of work completed or contemplated were made at a cost of $273.48. The total cost of work during the fiscal year was $39,193.46, of which $29,395.12 was for new work and $9,798.34 was for maintenance. The total expended during the fiscal year was $56,351.62. Condition at end of fiscal year.-At the end of the fiscal year dredging, open-channel work, and snagging operations had been c~arried on from the mouth of the river to a point 164 miles above the mouth. The existing project was 93.5 per cent completed. The controlling depth at the end of, the fiscal year at low water was 2.5 feet. Vessels drawing not more than this may operate on the river throughout the year and 4 feet can be carried ordinarily from Jan- uary to August, inclusive. No gauges are established on this river. The following work still remains to be done to complete the project. Rock removed and dredging at approximately 24 bars and contrac- tion works at 38 points. At the end of the fiscal year some of the works where improvement has been done were in poor condition and in need of repair. The costs under the existing project were $916,964.85 for new work and $930,021.31 for maintenance, a total of $1,846,986.16. The total expenditures amounted to $2,087,066.64. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended on June 30, 1928, :amounting to $37,867.64 will be applied to maintenance work on the lower 25 miles of the river as follows: Renewal and repair of contraction works, utilizing the U. S. hy- draulic pipe-line dredge Muscogee and towboat Georgia for a period of 3 months, from August to October, 1928, inclusive, at about $7,500 per month_--------- $--------------- 500. 00 $--------22, _Removal of snags with the U. S. snagboat Albany during November, 1928 -------------------------------------------------- 3, 500. 00 Care and repair of plant----____ __------------------ 8, 000. 00 Engineering, administration, and contingencies------------------- 3, 867. 64 Total --_-------------------------------- 37, '867.64 Funds will be expended at the rate of about $8,500 per month dur- ing active operations and at the rate of about $1,200 per month during cessation of work in the high-water period. It is estimated that all funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1929. The additional sum of $45,000 can be profitably expended on the lower reaches of the river during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, as follows: =Maintenance: Renewal and repair of contraction works, operating 1 hydraulic pipe-line dredge and 1 river towboat for 4 months, at about $7,500 per month -------------------------------------$30, 000 Removal of snags, operating 1 snagboat for 1 month, at about $3,500 per month-- ----------------------------------- 3, 500 Care and repair of plant--------------- ------------------ 8, 000 Engineering, administration, and contingencies----------------- 3, 500 Total ----------------------------------------------- 45, 000 Commercial statistics. All the commerce of this stream used the improvement. Logs and naval stores were the principal items of tonnage, except for sand and gravel moving over a very short haul. The sand and gravel moved amounted to 78,200 tons, valued at $86,020; the remaining commerce amounted to 9.141 tons, valued at $206,540. The total tonnage was handled by boats and barges draw- ing from 3 to 5 feet. 796 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, 1. . ARMY, 1928 No regular schedule is maintained by packet boats on this stream. One small steamer makes occasional trips, handling naval stores principally, and a sand and gravel company and a lumber concern operate on the lower reaches of the river with their own boats. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers: 1923- ---...... 134, 679 $2,237,254 1,742 1926....----------3, 570 $314,730 82: 1924............133,147 2, 093, 354 1,522 1927----------... . 87, 341 292, 560 .. 1925--.... .. 108, 946 759, 534 915 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928---------------------------- $936, 684. 07 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928______..-------..-- -_ - 930, 021. 31 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------- 1,86, 705. 38 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928__......... 242, 314. 40 Net total cost to June 30, 1928--------------------------- 2.109, 019. 78; Add accounts receivable June 30, 1928 ----------- 2, 250. 15 Gross total costs to June 30, 1928------ 2, 111, 269. 93 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928_-----_----------- 4, 484.07 Net total expenditures------------------------------- 2 106, 785. 8 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928,___ 37, 867. 64 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-----_2, 144, 653. 50 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work ..-------------------------- ------- $29, 395. 12 Cost of maintenance----. - .------------ ------------ ------------ ------- --- 9,798. 34 Total cost..-----------..-----........---- 39, 193.46. .....-------------------------------....... Total expended..................------------------ $159,423. 95 $183, 582. 40 $121, 033. 01$72,133. 73 56, 351. 62 Allotted........................------------------------40, 00.00 220, 000. 00 60, 000. 00 60,00 00 40, 000. 04 Balance. Unexpended July 1, 1927------------------------------. $54, 219.26 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928----------------------------------------------- 40, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for-------------------- -__- _ 94, 219. 26 Gross amount expended ----------------------------- $56, 659. 32 Less receipts from sales------------------------------ 307. 70 56, 351. 62 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928---------- -------- 37, 867. 64 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928__ ___________---___---4, 484. 07 -Balance available June 30, 1928------.------ 33. 383.57 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project --------- 035. 00 2----------------------------- Amount,that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930,,for maintenance ------------------------------ 45, 000. 00 1Includes $19,719.22 expended between West Point and Franklin, Ga. t Exclusive of availble funds.' RIVERS, AND HARBORS MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 797 7. CHANNEL FROM APALACHICOLA RIVER TO ST. ANDREWS BAY,, FLA. Location and description.-This waterway is approximately 36.5. miles in length and extends from a point 6 miles above the mouth of the Apalachicola River in a northwesterly direction to St. Andrews; Bay, Fla. This waterway is tidal throughout, with an average width at the bottom of the canal of 65 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 184.) Original condition.-Jackson River, with an average depth of 8 feet, comprised the first 41/ miles of the route; the next 41/ miles was in Lake Wimico, with a ruling depth of 21 feet; thence for 81/2: miles by Searcy Creek, with a natural depth of 4 to 12 feet; thence through 10 miles of low ground connecting Searcy and Wetappo Creeks; thence through Wetappo Creek, with, a natural depth of 6 feet for 51/2 miles; thence through East Bay, an arm of St. Andrews Bay, with a ruling depth of 31/ feet for 1/2 miles to the 6-foot contour in St. Andrews Bay. Wetappo Creek was the only natural portion' of this route availed o~f by commerce. Previous projects.-None: . Existing project.--This provides for a canal 5 feet deep at mean low water and 65 feet wide at the bottom;from Apalachicola "River to_ St. Andrews Bay by way of the natural waterways indicated above. Dredging was required over a distance of about 23 miles, the: depth of cut ranging from 1 foot to 18 feet. The mean range of tide is 2 feet and the, extreme range, except during storms,: 3 feet. The esti- mated cost of new work, made in 1910, was $450,000. The latest (1928,) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $3,000, but as work is not necessaryeach year, maintenance isallowed to. accumulate, requiring: an expenditure . of about i$15;000 every five years. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 670, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map of this waterway will be found in the Annual Report for 1915, opposite page 2497. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The commercial effect while small is con- stantly increasing. Various small boats now use this waterway, transporting forest products and general merchandise. New terri- tory has been opened up. There haS been no influence on rail rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no active operations during the fiscal year.' The cost of iinsections etc., was. $2,268.68. The expenditures amounted to $4,840.88, all being for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was' completed in 1915. On June 17, 1928, the project depth existed, throughout, but at six localities the project width was contracted to 47 feet. These localities have a combined length of 410 feet. The costs under the existing'project were $505,930.01 for new work and $45,435.39 for maintenance, a total of $551,365.40. The total expenditures were $577,550.90. 798 REPORT OF 'CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended on June 30, 1928, amounting to $7,349.10, will be applied to maintenance as follows: Dredging land cut with dredge Blackwater in July, 1928, about 10 days --------------------------------------------- $4, 000. 00 Care and repair of plant --- ------------------- ___ -- 2, 000. 00 Engineering, administration, and contingenices---------------- 1, 349.10 Total----------------------------------------------------7, 349. 10 It is estimated that all funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1929. The additional sum of $2,500 can be profitably expended in exam- inations, care of plant, and contingencies in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, as follows: Maintenance: Examinations and surveys------------------------- __ $1, 000 Care and repair of plant_.- --- __ -- _____-----------_ 500 Engineering, administration, and contingencies-------- 1, 000 Total-------- --------------------------------------- 2, 500 Commercial statistics.-The commerce reported for 1927 consisted chiefly of naval stores and lumber shipped from camps along the improvement to Panama City, general camp supplies carried from Panama City to the camp commissaries, and of hardwood logs barged from the Apalachicola River to lumber mills, 3 miles from the east- ern end of the improvement. The total traffic for 1927 was 36,614 tons, valued at $423,085, 33,000 tons of which, valued at $120,000, were logs transported on barges. The traffic on this waterway is carried on by gasoline launches and barges. These appear adequate for present needs. The project depth is required for all existing commerce. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1923_-..-...... 1,547 $208, 947 4, 000 1926------------... 2, 787 $247, 550 750 1924............ 1,951 163, 492 3,400 1927............ 36, 614 423,085 650 1925------------............ 4, 692 469, 926 3, 600 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928------__---__-_-_--- . $505, 930.01 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928-----------------------45, 435. 39 Total cost of permanent work to June 30,, 1928----------- 551, 365.40 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928-__------------ 26, 586. 45 Net total cost to June 30, 1928_..... . 951. 85 5_____-577, Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928-------------------------- 400. 95 Net total expenditures-----------------------------577, 550. 90 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928---------- 349. 10 7,------------------ Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 .-- _--.. 584,900. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 799 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work..........................................................--- Cost of maintenance----------------.- ----------------------------------- $2, 268.68 Total expended--------------------............................ $4,374. 57 $1, 385.41 $24, 763. 5,9 $7, 879.24 4, 840. 88 Allotted ---------------------------- ------------ -- 4 000.00 4,000.00 4,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927--- -------------------- $8, 189.98 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928--------- --------------------------------- 4, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for.--------------------- 12, 189.98 Gross amount expended------------------------------------ 4, 840. 88 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928--------------------- 7,349.10 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928----- --------- 400. 95 Balance available June 30, 1928 -__-----_____-______- 6,948. 15 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1930, for maintenance 1 2, 500. 00 8. ENTRANCE TO ST. JOSEPHS BAY, FLA. Location and description.-St.Josephs Bay is located on the north- west coast of Florida 115 miles east of Pensacola Harbor. It is 13 miles long from north to south by from 4 to 5 miles wide and is sepa- rated on the west and south from the Gulf of Mexico by a sand spit, from 3/4 to 1 mile in width, connecting with the mainland. It con- nects with the Gulf of Mexico on the northwest. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 184.) Original condition.-This bay had depths throughout varying be- tween 30 and 36 feet. The entrance to the harbor on the northwest had a depth over the bar of about 20 feet, with widths averaging about 2,000 feet. Steamers drawing from 17 feet to 21 feet have entered the harbor. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel across the bar 24 feet deep at mean low water and 300 feet wide. The length of dredged channel is 7,330 feet. The average tidal variation is 1.4 feet. The extreme range, except during storms, is about 4 feet. The estimated cost, made in 1912, was $40,000 for dredging a channel of the above dimensions. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The existing project was authorized by the rivers and harbors act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 660, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) except that this House document provided for a width of 350 feet, which the rivers and harbors act amended to 300 feet instead. The latest pub- lished map of this locality will be found in the document referred to. Recomon ended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The rivers and harbors act of July 25, 1912, authorizing this improvement, provided that the sum of $20,000 1Exclusive of available funds. 14710-ENG 1928-51 80 REPORT OF, CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19288 should be contributed by private parties. This condition was fully complied with, and this sum has been expended in the prosecution of the improvement. The approval of the Secretary of War for the use of the funds for this purpose was given under date of December 21, 1912. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities consist of a timber wharf extending to 22 feet of water. There are no warehouses or niechanical handling devices. This wharf is owned by the Apa- lachicola Northern Railway, whose tracks connect therewith, and is open to all carriers on equal terms. These facilities appear to be adequate for present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.- The improvement has facilitated the ship- ment of lumber from Port St. Joe. No influence on rail rates. Operations and re~slts during fiscal year.-There were no active operations during the fiscal year. The cost for inspections, etc., was $163.20. Expenditures were the same. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1914. The controlling depth at the end of the year was 24 feet. The cost of new work was $20,105.99, and of maintenance, $1,402.88, making a total of $21,508.87, from United States funds. In addition to this amount, $20,000 was expended from contributed funds. The total expenditure of Government funds was $21,508.87. Proposed operations.-No active operations will be required dur- ing the fiscal year ending June 30, 1929. With the funds available June 30, 1928, amounting to $291.13, it is proposed to make occa- sional examinations and to defray necessary overhead and contingent expenses. A balance of about $100 will be on hand on June 30, 1929. No additional funds will be required for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930. Conmercial statistics.-The foreign traffic consisted of the export of 3,128 tons of yellow-pine lumber, valued at $43,920. The domestic receipts consisted of food fish, and fish for fertilizer manufacture. This amounted to 6,611 tons, valued at $162,760. The decrease in commerce for 1927 was due to less shipment of lumber. One sailing vessel and three barges were employed in transporting lumber. The maximum draft was 15.5 feet. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1923........----------- 24,265 $549,037 - - - 1926 ----------. . 19,352 $363,041.. ....... 1924_....-.....33, 075 534, 177 -- - ..- 1927.------_ 9, 739 206, 680 1925 ..........---------- 14,951 327,150 . Cqst and financial sunrmmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928---$20, 105. 99 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 402. 88 1---------------------------- Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928______________ 21, 508. 87 Net total expenditures ---- --------------------------- 21, 508. 87 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928------------------ 291. 13 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928- -------------- 21, 800. 00 1 In addition to this amount $20,000 was spent from contributed funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 801 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work - Cost of maintenance 20 $----163. Total expended. - ------ ------ $116. 66 $729. 01 163. 20 Allotted ...... 1,000.00 500.00 ----------- -200.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927--------------------------------- $654.33 Deduction on account of transfer of funds to other works----------- 200. 00. Net amount to be accounted for--- --------------------------. 454. 33 Gross aniount expended---__----------------------- ----- ------- 13. 20 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 _ 291. 13 9. ST. ANDREWS BAY, FLA. Location and descrption.-St. Andrews Bay, lying behind low sand spits and low sand islands, is located on the northwest coast of the State of Florida, 110 miles east of the entrance to Pensacola Har- bor. The bay proper is parallel with the coast line, is about 10 miles long by 2 miles wide, and is connected at about mid-point with the Gulf of Mexico through an arm 21/2 miles wide, extending approxi- mately 4 miles in a southeasterly direction. East Bay is a prolonga- tion of the main bay running from its east end and parallel to the coast for ab'out 12 miles. At the eastern end of this bay is the en- trance to the waterway between Apalachicola River and St. An- drews Bay. At the western extremity of St. Andrews Bay are West and North Bays, the former extending northwest about 7 miles and the latter northeast for about: the samel distance. There are no out- lets to the Gulf through these two bays. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 184.) Original condition.-There were two entrances to this harbor, known as East Pass and West Pass. East Pass was the deeper of the two, with an average low-water depth of 11 feet and an approxi- mate width of channel of 300 feet. West Pass had an available depth of 7 feet, with a width of 150 feet. After passing over the shoal at East Pass and about 5 miles therefrom there was a shoal known as Camel Back Shoal, on which there was an available depth of 7 feet at riean low water. From this point to the town of St. Andrew, located on the northern shore of the bay, a distance of about 10 miles, the available depth was from 24 to 35 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 22 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide through East Pass from the Gulf of Mexico to St. Andrews Bay. The length of the channel to be dredged on the outer bar through East Pass was 10,000 feet, while through Camel Back Shoal the distance was 6,000 feet. The mean tidal range is 1.4 feet, and the extreme range, except during storms, is about 4 feet. The estimated cost of this project, made in 1909, was $203,560 for new work. The latest (1928); approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $25,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 12. 61st Cong., 1st sess.). The latest 802 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 published map of St. Andrews Bay will be found in House Document No. 789, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local caoperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-Terminals consist of nine small wharves located at various points on St. Andrews Bay and owned by the lumber companies and other private enterprises in connection with their business. These facilities appear to be adequate for present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of improvement has been to materially increase facilities for the entrance of deeper-draft vessels, with a consequent increase of waterborne freight. This harbor is used extensively as a harbor of refuge. It has also materially reduced the rail rates on cotton from interior shipping points to the Atlantic coast. Operations and results during the flPcal year.-The U. S. seagoing hopper dredge Wm.. T. Rossell, operated by hired labor, carried on dredging operations on the outer bar channel from September 12 to October 20, 1927, over a channel length of 8,200 feet and a width varying from 200 to 250 feet, resulting in the removal of 411,362 cubic yards of material, and the restoration of project dimensions, at a cost of $56,763.93. The expenditures amounted to $41,833.63- all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1914. On June 15, 1928, the controlling depth on the outer bar channel was 21.3 feet. Of the many soundings taken, only two were under the project depth--one being 21.3 and the other 21.5 feet. At this locality, the channel width as laid down was contracted along the eastern side, while on the western side depths exceeding the project depth extended beyond the channel lines, which condition gives the project width. Owing to the advance in an easterly direction of the point from Hurricane Island the channel makes a bend at this point, where a channel width, however, of 375 feet exists, with depths greatly exceeding the project requirements. The project depth exists through Camel Back Shoals. The costs were $203,560 for new work and $375,749.25 for maintenance, a total of $579,309.25. The total expenditures amounted to $563,929.43. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended on June 30, 1928, amounting to $48,630.57, will be applied as follows: Maintenance: Dredging entrance channel-operation of one seagoing hopper dredge 1 month, at $30,000 per month, during September and October, 1928----------- --------------------------- $30, 000.00 Payment of rental due for seagoing dredge Wm. T. Rossell for operations from August to October, 1927----------------- 15, 379. 82 Engineering, administration and contingencies--------------- 3, 250. 75 Total---------- ----------------------------------- 48, 630. 57 During active operations these funds will be expended at the rate of $30,000 per month; during the remainder of the year, at the rate of about $500 per month. It is estimated that all funds will be ex- hausted June 30, 1929. RIVERS AND HARBORS MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 803 The additional sum of $5,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for engineering, administration and contingencies. Commercial statistics.-The exports, amounting to 29,809 tons, valued at $577,974, consisted almost entirely of lumber and timber. The coastwise shipments, amounting to 9,372 tons, valued at $612,639, consisted of forest products and miscellaneous merchan- dise. The coastwise receipts, amounting to 9,052 tons, valued at $1,108,405, consisted principally of animal and vegetable food prod- ucts, forest products, and miscellaneous items. All the above, except 3,614 tons, used the improved portion of the channel. The local traffic, amounting to 2,009 tons, valued at $447,075, con- sited chiefly of turpentine, resin, animal and vegetable products, and miscellaneous merchandise. This traffic represents commissary sup- plies, etc., shipped from, Panama City, Fla., to naval stores camps along the shore of St. Andrews Bay and adjacent waters, and resin and turpentine received at Panama City, a portion of this being for coastwise transshipment. None of this traffic passed over the im- proved channel. The exports for 1927, compared in value with those of 1926, showed a decrease of 12 per cent; the coastwise receipts decreased 31 per cent in value; the coastwise shipments increased 46 per cent in value; and the local traffic was of about the same value as in 1926. Three steamers requiring the project depth cleared during 1927. Nine steamers cleared and two entered drawing between 18 and 20 feet. About 90 per cent of the vessels carrying exports required 16 or more feet of depth. One steamer maintained regular scheduled trips between Panama City, Apalachicola, Pensacola, Mobile, etc., during 1927. This steamer draws 9 feet loaded. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1923-----------116,992 $4,525,638 4,398 1926...-- 50,335 $3,124,114 3,100 1924----------- 89,287 4, 117, 690 4,670 1927-----------50,242 2, 746,093 2, 527 1925 ... 77, 186 ....----------- 3,900,472 4, 530 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928-------------------------- $203, 560. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------- 375, 749. 25 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------ 579, 309. 25. Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928-------------------------- 15, 379. 82 Net total expenditures----------------------------------- 563, 929. 43 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928-----------------------------48, 630. 57 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-------------- 612, 560. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work...----------- ..----------------------- ---- Cost of maintenance ----- ............. ...... ............ .-.- - -- - $56, 763. 93 Total expended--------------- ------ $28, 294. 75 $47, 415. 60 $9, 333. 89 $7, 702. 62 41, 833. 63 ' ' A llotted --------------- -------------- ---- 40, 000.0 10, 000.00 1 35, 000.00 4,000.00 45, 000.00 804 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927__________---_____- -- ___ $45,464.20 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928_____________________ $30, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927 000. 00 1--------------------------5, 45, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for--------------- -- 90,464. 20 Gross amount expended----------------------------------------41, 833. 63 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928------------------------- 48, 630. 57 - -- Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928--------------- --- __- 15, 379. 82 Balance available June 30, 1928_- ___---------- 33, 250. 75 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance ------------------------------------- 5, 000 00 10. CHOCTAWHATCHEE RIVER, FLA. AND ALA. Location and description.-The Choctawhatchee River rises in the southeast part of the State of Alabama and flows in a southerly di- rection for a distance of about 200 miles through Alabama and Florida, emptying into the eastern end of Choctawhatchee Bay, about 64 miles east of Pensacola Harbor. The outlet from Choctaw- hatchee Bay is through Santa Rosa Sound and Narrows, which enter this bay approximately 30 miles from the mouth of the Choctaw- hatchee River. There is also a passage from Choctawhatchee Bay into the Gulf of Mexico through East Pass, which lies 6 miles east of the point where the Santa Rosa Sound connects with the bay, but this pass can be used only in fair weather and by small boats. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 185.) The drainage area of this river, not including the Holmes River, is 4,883 square miles; the low-water and high-water discharges are not of record. The low- water stage generally exists through the months of June to October, inclusive, and high water during the months of November to March, inclusive. The river is tidal in its lower reaches, the effect of the tide being felt at a point 8 miles above the mouth. Above this point the river is sluggish for the first 96 miles, with a fall of one-half foot per mile. Above this point the current is rapid, the fall being 2 feet per mile. The average width between banks varies from 200 feet in the lower reaches to 100 feet at Newton. Original condition.-Boats drawing 21/2 feet could pass up the river as far as Geneva, Ala., a distance of 96 miles from the mouth. Above this point low-water navigation of less depth could be carried to Newton, about 140 miles from the mouth. The width of channel is not of record, although it is known that it was greatly obstructed by snags, logs, and overhanging trees and by sand and gravel bars. Previous projects.-Work was carried on over this river as far back as 1833. The cost and expenditures up to the adoption of a definite project were $12,876,62, but what portion was for new work and for maintenance is not known. The river and harbor act ap- proved May 3, 1881, authorized certain work, the cost and expendi- tures being $24,513.86. The division between new work and main- tenance is unknown. Work under existing project was begun in SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 805 1874. For further details of previous projects see page 1834, Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for improvement of Cypress Top Outlet, for maintenance of a navigable channel at low water from the mouth to Geneva, Ala., a distance of 96 miles, by the removal of snags and overhanging trees, and for a channel for low-water navi- gation 3 feet deep and 60 feet wide between Geneva and Newton, Ala., a distance of 44 miles, to be obtained by the removal of hard, blue-clay obstructions, by rock excavation, and by the removal of snags and overhanging trees. The mean range of tide at the mouth is 2 feet, and the extreme range, except during storms, is about 4 feet. The extreme fluctuation of stage due to floods is 21.6 feet, while the average variation between low and high water is 12.3 feet at Newton, Ala., 140 miles above the mouth. The estimated cost of new work between the mouth and Geneva, made in 1872, exclusive of amount expended on previous project, was $34,332, and between Geneva and Newton, made in 1889, $57,125. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $12,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 23, 1874, adopted the improvement of that portion of the stream between the mouth of the river and Geneva, Ala. (S. Doc. No. 63, 42d Cong., 2d sess.) ; the acts of August 2, 1882, and September 19, 1890, provided for work between Geneva and Newton; the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the improvement of Cypress Top Outlet. The latest published map is in House Docu- ment No. 688, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Recomnmended odiffiations of project.-None. Local cooperation.--None. Terminal facilities.-None; and none are required other than the landings used by small craft. (See H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.). Effect of improvement.-Beneficial as long as maintained in good condition; results of recent work instrumental in reviving the lum- ber business, new sawmills having been established at several points on the river. In connection with Holmes River the Choctawhatchee River offers transportation to a large section of Florida without any other facilities except highroads. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. snag boat Choctawnoatchee, operated by hired labor, carried on snagging opera- tions, channel excavation, jetty construction, and jetty repairs from July 1 to November 12, 1927, from mouth of Choctawhatchee River to 22 miles above the mouth. Work performed: Removed 57 snags from channel and 135 overhanging trees from banks, at a cost of $1,015.31; constructed 120 running feet of new jetty, consisting of piling and bulkheading, and repaired 150 linear feet of jetty by placing 226 cords of brush and 94 cords of binding poles, at a cost of $2,054.65; dredged 5,252 cubic yards of sand from channel at Cypress Top, at a cost of $2,624.94; removed 250 cubic yards of clay from point at Cowford and removed 49 cords of willow growth from point at Rooks Bluff, at a combined cost of $1,326.72; making a total cost of $7,021,62. The total expenditures amounted to $9,706.09, all for maintenance. 806 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Conirtion at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1906. Navigation and operations are now confined to that portion of the river between the mouth and Holmes River, which may be regarded as the head of navigation, a distance of 27 miles, and to the lower 9 miles of the east prong, known as East River. The low-water depth in the former portion is 41/ feet and in the latter 2 feet. Through- out the 271/2 miles traffic is carried on the entire year, and in East River nine months of the year for boats drawing 4 feet. During the remaining three months freight is carried by barges towed by gaso- line launches. Future work will consist of removing trees from the banks and snags from the channel, repairs to existing jetties, and dredging channel in certain localities, as may be found necessary. The costs under the existing project were $134,494.02 for new work and $197,700.73 for maintenance, a total of $332,194.75. The total expenditures amounted to $340,781.80. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended on June 30, 1928, amounting to $29,804.34, will be applied as follows: Maintenance: Snagging and jetty repairs--operation of U. S. snag boat Choc- tawhatchee, 5 months, from July to November, 1928, inclusive, at $1,200 per month . --------------------------------- $6, 000. 00 Care of plant during high-water season 2, 000. 00 .---------------------- New hull for snag boat Chootarwhatohe ------------------- 19, 000. 00 Engineering, administration, and contingencies--------------- 2,804. 34 Total_--- -- ------- ------ 29, 804. 34 During active operations these funds, exclusive of amount esti- mated for new hull for the snag boat Choctawhatchee, will be ex- pended at the rate of $1,200 per month, and at the rate of about $800 per month during the remainder of the year. The new hull for the snag boat Choctao!hatchee will be built during the spring of 1929. It is estimated that all funds will be expended June 30, 1929. Annual snagging and repairs to jetties are required. The addi- tional sum of $10,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, as follows: Maintenance: Snagging and jetty repairs-operation of U. S. snag boat C(hoctavw- hatchee, 5 months, at $1,200 per month-------- -------------- $6, 000 Care of plant during high-water season and minor repairs----------2,000 Engineering, administration, and contingencies ----------------- 2, 000 Total----- ---------------------------------------- 10,000 Commercial statistics.-All the commerce reported for 1927 used the improvement. The upstream commerce, amounting to 2,578 tons, valued at $244,- 999, consisted chiefly of animal and vegetable products and textiles, which were shipped from Pensacola, Fla., to points along the Choc- tawhatchee River about 25 miles above its mouth. The downstream traffic, amounting to 48,023 tons, valued at $561,- 825, consisted of forest products, shipped to Pensacola. Of this, 45,040 tons, valued at $182,000, was floated logs. One steamer, carrying general freight, made regular scheduled trips on this stream during the entire year. This vessel requires the project depth. RIVERS AND HARBORS MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 807 Comparative statement Year Tons Value IPassengers I 1923.......... 62,993 $1,217, 589 ---- - 1926------..........--- 50,658 $935, 018 41 1924----------- 66, 885 958,069 .........------------..- 1927----------- 50, 601 806,824 19 1925-----------............ 64, 510 901,299 316 Cost and flnanotil aummary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928_-------------------------- $171, 884. 50 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 ------------------------- 197, 700. 73 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------ 369, 585. 23 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928------------- 9, 904. 34 Net total cost to June 30, 1928------------------------ 379, 489. 57 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928 -------------------------- 1, 317. 29 Net total expenditures ------------- ------------- 378, 172. 28 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928---------------------------- 29,804. 34 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928---------------- 407, 976. 62 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work...................------- Cost of maintenance------------...................-- - ---------- ------------ ------------ I -- I ............ -- - --------i $7, 021. 62 $7, 021. 62 Total expended.........................--- $6, 183. 45 I $10, 761. 42 $9, 147. 28 $14, 971. 17 9, 706.09 -1 1 - II---- - I----- I--- Allotted................................... 8, 000. 00 10, 000.00 12,oo.o00l 17, 0.000 25, 500. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 ----------------------- $14, 010. 43 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928----- ------------------------------------- 25, 000. 00 Amount transferred from other works--------------------------- 500. 00 Net amount to be accounted for- -- ____-_-- -- --__-- 39, 510. 43 Gross amount expended .-- -------------------- $9, 736. 09 Less receipts from sales----------------------------- 30. 00 9, 706.09 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928- ------------ 29,804. 34 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928 , 317. 29 1--------------------------- Balance available June 30, 1928_-....-___ _____-- - 28, 487. 05 Amount that can be1 - profitably expended in fiscal year June 30, 1930, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - for maintenance 10, 000. 00 11. LA GRANGE BAYOU, FLA. Location and description.-La Grange Bayou is an arm of Choc- tawhatchee Bay, Fla., entering the latter from the north at a point about 51/2 miles from its most easterly limits. It is 2 miles in length and has an average width of 1/3 mile. It is tidal throughout. The normal range of tide is about 1.4 feet, and the extreme range, except during storms, is about 3 feet. Flowing into the head of this bayou is Four Mile Creek, a deep, sluggish stream, also tidal. One and 1 Exclusive of available funds. 808 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 one-half miles above the mouth of this creek is located the small town of Freeport, Fla., which is the head of existing navigation. La Grange Bayou is 70 miles east of the port of Pensacola, Fla., with which it is connected by an inland waterway through the narrows of Santa Rosa Sound, Santa Rosa Sound, and Pensacola Bay. The adjacent port on the east, St. Andrews Bay, Fla., is 83 miles distant, and is isolated commercially from La Grange Bayou, since East Pass, the entrance from Gulf of Mexico into Choctawhatchee Bay, is not a commercial channel, and there is no inland waterway con- nection. The locality is shown on United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 185. Original condition.-The only data available concerning the origi- nal condition of La Grange Bayou is that contained in a report sub- mitted in 1881 and printed in the Annual Report of the Chief of Engiheers, 1882, page 1318. The controlling depth at mean low water was about 3 feet. Previous project.-Pursuant to the report of 1881 a plan of im- pro ement was adopted under an act of Congress approved March 3, 1881. This plan contemplated the deepening of the channel through the bayou by dredging, so as to accommodate vessels drawing 41/2 feet at mean low water. The total cost and expenditures on this improvement were $2,160.80. Following a report of 1889, the Secre- tary of War directed that no further expenditures be made. No work of improvement or maintenance has been done since 1887. Emistirgt project.-This provides for a channel 6 feet deep, 100 feet wide, and approximately 10;700 feet long, extending from near the mouth of La Grange Bayou to the mouth of Four Mile Creek. The normal range of tide is about 1.4 feet. The estimate of cost of new work (1921) is $38,000. Of this sum, $9,500 is to be contributed by local interests. The (1921) estimated cost of maintenance is $1,000 per annum. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. No. 111, 67th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Local interests are required to conrtribute $9,500 before any expenditure is made by the Government. Te'minal facilities.-None, except small wharves and landings for small craft, which are adequate. Effect of improveenet.-No work under the existing project has been done. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No operations were carried on and no expenditures made during the fiscal year, due to the failure of local interests to meet the provision for cooperation con- tained in the act adopting the project. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing channel of La Grange Bayou on June 30, 1928, has a width of 60 feet and an average depth of 4.8 feet. The controlling depth is normally 4 feet at mean low water. During low winter tides it is reduced to 3 feet. The head of navigation is Freeport, Fla. In Four Mile Creek the minimum depth is 9 feet. No work has yet been done nor have any expenditures been made on the existing project. Proposed operations.-There was no unexpended balance on June 30, 1928. No operations are contemplated during the fiscal year end- RIVERS AND HARBORS MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 809 ing June 30, 1929, inasmuch as it is not probable that the conditions of local cooperation will be complied with. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930, for the reason stated in the foregoing paragraph. Coinmw~rcial statistics.---The upstream traffic for 1927, amounting to 2,330 tons, valued at $255,018, consisted of animal and vegetable food products and miscellaneous merchandise shipped from Pensa- cola to Freeport, Fla. The downstream traffic, amounting to 8,030 tons, valued at $554,800, consisted entirely of forest products, shipped from Freeport to Pensacola. One steamer, carrying freight and passengers, maintained a weekly schedule to Freeport during the entire year. The loaded draft of this vessel is 51/ feet, the lumber and crossties were brought to Pen- sacola by barges drawing from 4 to 6 feet. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1923.......----------- 12,214 $515,880 159 1926.....----------...... 8,045 $879,088 42 1924------------ 7, 118 493, 494 172 1927-........----------.... 10, 360 809, 818 3, 023 1925........-----------.. 10,424 1, 072, 266 258 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928____ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928--------- $2, 160. 80 Net total expenditures---------------------------- -- _ 2, 160. 80 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928______________- ____ 10,000.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work_._.__------___---- _- -- -,---_- - Cost of maintenance--- - --- ------ I-----------.--- --------- ----------- Total expended ------------------------------------------------ Allotted ....------------------------------- .. ........ Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of ex- isting project " $28, 500 12. HOLMES RIVER, FLA. Location and description.-The Holmes River rises in the south- east corner of the State of Alabama, near the State line. It flows southwesterly through Alabama and Florida for a distance of about 60 miles, emptying into the Choctawhatchee River at a point 27 miles above its mouth. This river has a drainage area of 509 square miles. The high and low water discharges are not of record. The low-water season ordinarily occurs during the months of July, August, and September, and high-water navigation can be carried on from December to March, inclusive. This river is nontidal, with a sluggish current, and a fall of about one-half foot per mile. The 1 Of this amount $7,839.20 was spent on the improvement of HolmesRiver, Fla. (Vernon to its mouth). " In addition to this amount local interests are required to contribute $9,500. 810 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 width between banks is generally 50 to 80 feet, though at places it broadens to 200 feet. (See U. S. Geological Survey Chart for west- ern Florida.) Original condition.--This stream was badly obstructed by snags, sunken logs, fallen timber, and overhanging trees, and was available for navigation only by small craft and barges from the mouth to Vernon, a distance of 25 miles. The minimum usable low-water depth was about 31/2 feet. Rafting was carried on as far up as the Louisville & Nashville Railroad bridge, about 50 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-An appropriation for this river was made as early as 1844, but apparently under no definite project. Work under existing project was begun in 1890. Existing project.-This provides for securing a navigable chan- nel from the mouth to Vernon, Fla., a distance of 25 miles, by the removal of logs, snags, and overhanging trees. The project was adopted without any reference to width or depth. The variation between high and low water is about 8 feet at the mouth and 12 feet at Vernon. The original estimate for new work, made in 1880, was $5,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of main- tenance is $1,500. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of August 11, 1888. (Annual Report for 1882, p. 1308.) The latest published map of Holmes River is in House Docu- ment No. 820. Sixty-third Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None; and none are required other than the natural landings now in use. (See H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Up to and including the year 1924, im- proved condition of the channel rendered transportation better and dependable, and in connection with the Choctawhatchee River served a large territory. The extension of a railroad to Vernon, the head of navigation, so reduced river traffic that commercial boats have with- drawn, and at present no traffic exists. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no active operations during the fiscal year. The cost, as well as expenditures, amounted to $399.67, for inspections, etc., all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1893. At the close of the fiscal year, the controlling depth to Parish Landing, 14 miles from the mouth, was 4 feet at mean low water, and from this point to Vernon, 28 miles above the mouth, 3 feet. The total costs, and expenditures, were $8,562.05 for new work and $38,813.21 for maintenance, making a total of $47,375.26. Proposed operations.-No active operations are contemplated dur- ing the fiscal year 1929. With the unexpended balance on June 30, 1928 ($404.74), necessary examinations will be made and payment will be made for contingencies. It is estimated that this sum will be exhausted June 30, 1929. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, as the condition of the channel answers the present needs of commerce. Commercial statistics.-Duringthe latter part of 1924, a railroad was extended to Vernon, Fla., and other points along the Holmes RIVERS AND HARBORS -MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 811 River. The'steamer then plying between Pensacola and points on the Holmes River discontinued service, and during 1925, 1926, and 1927 there was no traffic on this river. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers: 1923 .........------------ 6,624 $257,9501926--- 1926-------- 1924 ............ 3, 256 125,720-5----- 1927...-------- __ --------------- 1926 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928------------------------------- $8,562.05 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928---------------------------- 38, 813. 21 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928--------------47, 375. 26 Net total expenditures ------------------ 47, 375.26 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 - .- ---- ----- 404. 74 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928----------------- 47, 780. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30- 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work_ . ... .... Cost ofmaintenance ..........------------------.... -----. .... ------- ----------- --------- -- $399. 67 Total expended ................----------------------- $1,633.59 $3,179. 5 $1, 745. 78 $343. 90399.67 Allotted.......... 3, 500.00 .....................-----------------------------. 3,000.00 --------------------- -500. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927-------------------------------$1, 304. 41 Deduction on account of transfer to other works------------------- 500. 00 Net amount to be accounted for _---__--- ---------- 804. 41 Gross amount expended----,---------------------------------------399. 67 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928_______________________ 404. 74 13. NARROWS IN SANTA ROSA SOUND, FLA. Location and description.-This is a narrow body o water about 34 miles in length, with a width ranging from 11/2 miles at its jUnc- tion with Pensacola Bay on the west to a width of about 150 yards at the east end, where it joins Choctawhatchee Bay. It is separated from the Gulf of Mexico by a narrow sand island known as Santa Rosa Island. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 186.) Original condition.-There existed a controlling depth through the sound of 6 feet, with varying widths, ex(ept at the narrows toward the eastern end, where at several places a limiting depth of 4 feet and width of 60 feet prevailed. This was also the limiting depth over the bar at the entrance to Choctawhatchee Bay. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water with no reference to width. This project included dredg- ing a channel 3,000 feet long through the bar at the entrance of the narrows into Choctawhatchee Bay and various other short channels 812 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 into Santa Rosa Sound, aggregating a total of 9,200 feet additional. The mean range of tide in the sound is 1.4 feet. The extreme range, except during storms, is about 3 feet. The estimated cost of new work was $24,000. The estimated cost of maintenance is $2,000 per annum. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act approved June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 565, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). No map of this work has been published in a printed document or report. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None, other than natural landings and about 12 small boat landings used by fishing boats and trading launches plying between Pensacola and points on Santa Rosa Sound and Choctawhatchee Bay. These facilities appear to be adequate for present commerce. (See H. Doc. No. 652, 66th-Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvemment.-The increased depth now available has facilitated and enlarged a trade in the transportation of cypress and pine logs, lumber, naval stores, and general merchandise between Choctawhatchee River, points on Choctawhatchee Bay, Santa Rosa Sound, and Pensacola. It has also resulted in the development and in a greatly increased population of the district along the waters named. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no active operations during the fiscal year. The cost of inspections, etc., amounted to $1,188.78. Expenditures were the same amount-all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1912. On June 15, 1928, the controlling depths were as follows: Williams Creek, 7.4 feet; Circular Crossing, 7.6 feet; New- ton Cut, 7.6 feet; Rodgers Crossing, 10 feet; McManns Crossing, 7.3 feet; Choctawhatchee Bar, 7.5 feet. The original width has been contracted somewhat at Circular and McManns Crossings. The costs were $22,525.86 for new work and $19,002.94 for maintenance, a total of $41,528.80. The total expenditures amounted to $41,528.80. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1928, amounting to $5,671.20, will be applied as follows: Maintenance: Dredging, operation of hydraulic pipe-line dredge Blackwater, 20 days during November, 1928, at $7,000 per month---------- $4, 600.00 Engineering, administration, and contingencies 071.20 1-----------------, Total ---------------------------------------------------- 5, 67120 During active operations funds will be expended at the rate of $4,600 per month and at other times at the rate of about $120 per month. It is estimated all funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1929. The additional sum of $1,500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, to provide for necessary surveys and contingent expenses in connection with maintenance. Commercial statistics.-All the commerce reported for 1927 used the improvement. The entire traffic amounted to 135,126 tons, valued at $4,071,696. Of this, 12,305 tons, valued at $1,206,046, went eastward. This con- sisted principally of animal and vegetable food products and miscel- laneous merchandise shipped from Pensacola to Camp Walton, Val- RIVERS AND HARBORS M1ONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 813 paraiso, Freeport, and other points along Choctawhatchee Bay and Choctawhatchee River. The westbound commerce, amounting to 122,821 tons, valued at $2,865,650, consisted of turpentine, resin, lumber, crossties, and hard- wood logs. The hardwood logs amounted to 45,040 tons, valued at $182,000; they were rafted from Choctawhatchee River to Pensacola. One steamboat made biweekly trips through the Narrows; three gasoline launches made regular trips during the summer months, and two all the year. The steamer and two of the launches require the project depth. The territory contiguous to the Narrows and Choc- tawhatchee Bay is not served by any railway. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1923 .......----------- 80,814 $2,386,229 4,435 1926-------.........--- 143,439 $3,667,877 3,212 1924 .......----------- 94, 414 2,119, 235 4, 032 1927----------- 135,126 4, 071,696 1, 955 1925 ----...------- 91,998 2, 834, 300 3, 668 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 ------------- --------------- $22, 525. 86 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1.928 -------------------------- 19, 002. 94 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928----------- 41, 528. 80 Net total expenditures_ ------- -------------------------- 41, 528. 80 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928--------------------------------5, 671.20 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------------------ 47, 200.00 Fiscal year ending June 30- 1924 1925 1926 1927, 1928 Cost of new work. -------- ---- ------------ ------------------------ Cost of maintenance...---------------...........------...... ----- ---------------------------- $1,188.78 Total expended_----- ------------------ . . $1, 633. 59 $3,179. 51 $1, 745.78 $343.90 1, 188. 78 Allotted......................----------------------- 3, 500.00 3,000.00 ----------------------- 3,700.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927---------------------------------$3, 159. 98 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928--------------------------------- --------------- 3, 500. 00 Amount transferred from other works------------------------------ 200. 00 Net amount to be accounted for---------------------------- 6, 859. 98 Gross amount expended -------------------------------------- _ 1, 188. 78 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928------------------------- 5, 671.20 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance ' _ -- - -------- 1, 500. 00 14. BLACKWATER RIVER, FLA. Location and description.-This river rises in the south central part of the State of Alabama and flows in a southwesterly direction SExclusive of available funds. 814 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 for a distance of 75 miles through the States of Alabama and Florida, emptying into Blackwater Bay, through which and thence through East Bay access may be obtained to Pensacola Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 186.) The drainage area of this river is 1,070 square miles. The high and low water discharges are not known, but that portion of the river under improvement is tidal and is little affected by the river discharges. This river is tidal as far as 27 miles from the mouth. Above this point the current is rapid. The average width between banks varies between 100 and 400 feet; the fall per mile above the tidal section of the river is reported as about 21/2 feet. Original condition.--The channel as far as Milton, 10 miles from the mouth, had a mean low-water depth of 6 feet, with varying widths. Above Milton the stream was navigable for a distance of 13 miles for boats drawing less than 3 feet, and above this point rafting had been carried on to a point 35 miles above the mouth. Previousprojects.-The original project for this improvement was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1899. The total cost and expenditures under this project were $5,000, division between new work and maintenance not being of record. Work under existing project was begun in 1906. For further details of previous projects see page 1834, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 9 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide from the mouth to Milton, a distance of 10 miles, to be secured by dredging.at necessary points. The river is tidal throughout the portion under improvement. The mean range of tide is 2 feet, and the extreme range, except during storms, is 3 feet. The estimated cost of new work made in 1902, exclusive of amount expended on previous project, was $15,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905 (H. Doc. No. 193, 58th Cong., 2d sess.). There is n( map of the Blackwater River published in any congressional docu ment or annual report. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is a timber wharf at Milton and one at Bagdad, both pile structures, extending to 16 feet of water; no mechanical appliances; open to all carriers; and no railway connec- tions. These facilities appear to be adequate for present commerce. (See H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Transportationfor a large lumber indus- try has been greatly facilitated; also a fair trade in general merchan- dise, naval stores, crossties, and passengers between Pensacola and Milton, Fla. It is estimated that 35 vessels, with draft not exceeding 9 feet, use the harbor for refuge. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no active operations during the fiscal year. Cost and expenditures each amounted to $947.51 for inspections, etc., all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1916. The controlling depths, as of May, 1928, were project require- ments, with widths contracted somewhat at certain localities. Boats of 8-foot draft ply between Pensacola and Milton, Fla., the head of RIVERS AND HARBORS MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 815 navigation throughout the year. The work remaining to be done consists of maintenance dredging. The costs under the existing project were $36,649.90 for new work and $55,342.49 for maintenance, a total of $91,992.39. The expenditures amounted to $91,992.39. Proposed operations.-No active operations are contemplated. With the funds unexpended June 30, 1928 ($107.61), it is proposed to make necessary surveys, and provide for contingent expenses. It is estimated these funds will be exhausted June 30, 1929. The additional sum of $1,500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930, for surveys, overhead, and contingent expenses. Commercial statistics.---All of the commerce reported for 1927 used the improvement between the mouth of the river and Milton, Fla. The upstream commerce consisted principally of animal and vege- table food products and general merchandise shipped from Pensacola to Milton, Fla. It amounted to 1,057 tons, valued at $172,207. The downstream traffic, amounting to 56,494 tons, valued at $1,242,400, consisted of railroad ties, lumber, timber, and resin. This was shipped from Milton and Bagdad, Fla., to Pensacola, and thence exported. One gasoline launch made scheduled trips from Pensacola to Milton, Fla., carrying general freight and passengers, from January to June. Due to lack of patronage, resulting from improved high- ways, this service was discontinued in June. The lumber, timber, and railroad ties were brought to Pensacola on barges. These barges draw from 5 to 10 feet, loaded; the tugs towing barges draw from 8 to 10 feet. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1923 .......----------- 33, 565 $1, 241,031 660 1926-..........---------.. 92, 033 $2, 021, 932 111 1924-----------............ 64, 883 1, 512, 088 735 1927-........... 57, 551 1, 414, 607 146 ----- 58,931 1925---...........--- 1, 344, 730 135 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928------------------------------$41, 649. 90 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928---------------------------- 5,342. 49 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928--------------- 96, 992. 39 Net total expenditures --------------- -------------- --------- 96, 992. 39 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 --------------------------------- 107.61. Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928_________________ 97, 100. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work_ Cost of maintenance----------------------------------- ---------------- $947.51 Total expended .... $1, 188. 74 $25 545 78 f $1, 216. 10 $1, 494. 96 947. 51 .I....... Allotted _ . .I .. _. . . . 1,000.00 1,000.00 -2,500.00 14710--ENG 1928-----52 816 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927_----------------------- $3, 555.12 Deduction on account of transfer to other works.------------------- 2, 500. 00 Net amount to be accounted for------------------------- 1, 055. 12 Gross amount expended -- -------------------- 947. 51 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928------------------------- 107. 61 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance__------------------------- ----- 1, 500. 00 15. ESCAMBIA AND CONECUH RIVERS. FLA. AND ALA. Location and description.-One stream, rising in central Alabama below Union Springs, flows southwesterly to Florida State line, thence southerly through Florida to Escambia Bay, an arm of Pen- sacola Bay. In Alabama approximately 235 miles long, and known as Conecuh River; In Florida 65 miles long, and known as Es- cambia River. Drainage area 4,400 square miles. Estimated low- water discharge 1,600; and, at 4-foot stage, 6,500 second-feet. Low water occurs from April to December, inclusive, with 3-foot stage from December to April, inclusive. Tidal to about 15 miles above mouth; beyond sluggish, except at bars. At the Florida line 200 feet wide; above decreases to about 100 feet 150 miles from the mouth; below State line broadens out at certain points to 200 feet. Fall per mile between mouth and a point 114 miles above, 51/ to 8 inches; above varying from 14 to 30 inches per mile. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 186.) Original condition.-The Conecuh River was impassable for boats and could be navigated by rafts only at stages of 4 to 5 feet. The Escambia River was navigable except at low-water stages for boats drawing 5 feet as far as the State line, but was badly obstructed by logs, snags, and overhanging trees. The mouth of the river was also obstructed by a bar over which depth prior to improvement was about 2 feet, with a width of channel of about 100 feet. Previous projets.-The sum of $5,000, appropriated in 1833, "for the Escambia River only," was expended, but there is no record of the matter other than the appropriation. The river and harbor act of August 2, 1882, adopted the original project for the improvement of the Conecuh River, which was later modified by the act of March 2, 1907. The total cost and expenditures prior to the adoption of the present project were $71,175. Work under existing project was begun in 1881. For further details of previous projects see page 1837, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a dredged channel 2,200 feet ;long, 150 feet wide, and 51/2 feet deep at mean low water through the bar at the mouth of the river, and a navigable channel from the mouth to Patsaliga Creek, a distance of 147 miles. The channel above the mouth of the river was to be obtained by the removal of certain obstructions to navigation and by the construction of dikes, wing dams, and shore protection to obtain 5 feet to the Florida State line. A navigable channel in the Conecuh River was to be obtained by the removal of snags, closing cut-offs, and constructing wing dams. Dikes and wing dams are of the usual pile and brush SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 817 type. The mean range of the tide at the mouth of the river is 2 feet, and the extreme range, except during storms, is 3 feet. At the Florida State line the ordinary seasonal fluctuation of stage does not exceed 8 feet. Flood stages vary from 12 to 20 feet above low water. The original estimates for new work, exclusive of the amount ex- pended on previous project, were $25,000 for the Escambia River, including the bar at the mouth, made in 1879, and $31,000 for the Conecuh River, made in 1905. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 14, 1880, provided for the channel through the bar at the mouth of the river and to the Florida State line (Annual Report for 1879, p. 852) ; the act of March 2, 1907, provided for improvement of the Conecuh River (H. Doc. No. 159, 59th Cong., 1st sess.) The only published map of this river will be found in House Document No. 701, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Recommended ~odifcations of project.-The project "has been recommended for abandonment (H. Doc. No. 467, 69th Cong., 1st sess.). Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. So far as can be learned, none are required other than the natural landiiigs now in use. (See H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effedt of improvement.-The general effect of the improvement was to admit of safe transportation of timber and logs in rafts on a stage of water approximately 3 feet less than under original con- ditions. No vessels seek this locality as a harbor of refuge. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no active operations during the fiscal year. The cost of inspections, etc., was $215. Expenditures amounted to the same, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.'-The existing project was com- pleted about 1882, at a saving of $8,838.78. Operations are now con- fined to the channel at the mouth of the river. On May 18, 1928, the controlling depth in this channel was 7 feet, with a channel width of 50 feet. For the first 10 miles above the mouth the depth is 4 feet. This reaches the head of navigation. Conditions are not known above these 10 miles, since no work has been done above for many years. Over the lower 10 miles boats operate throughout the year. The costs were $47,161.26 for new Work and $82,737 for maintenance, a total of $129,898.26. The expenditures amounted to $129,898.26. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1928, amounting to $4,826.74, will be applied as follows: Maintenance : Dredging-operation of U. S. dredge Blackwater for 20 days dur- ing October, 1928, at $7,000 per month 4, 600. 00 $----------------- Engineering, administration, and contingencies----------------- 226. 74 Total ----------------------------------------- 4,826. 74 It is estimated that all funds will be exhausted June 30, 1929. Annual maintenance is not required, and no additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930. Commercil statistics.-The total commerce reported for 1927 is 36,661 tons, valued at $149,240, which was practically all hardwood 818 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 logs floated downstream from 15 miles above mouth of river to mills at Pensacola. There are no regular scheduled boats on this stream and none in prospect. The tugs which handle rafts of logs require the project depth at mouth of river. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 28, 145 $141, 666 ---.------- 1923............ 1926--....--- - 34, 364 $134, 550 . .... 1924...... ..... 29, 157 197, 670 590 1927-----------... 36, 661 149,240 .. 1925.----------- 20,349 65,060---. - Cost and finanotal summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928_--------------------- $118, 336. 26 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928_------------- ----- -_ 82, 737.00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928_______ .. 201, 073. 26 Net total expenditures------------------ 2--01, 073. 26 Unexpended balance June 30, 192,8 -------------- -------- 4, 826. 74 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-----------------205, 900. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work..-........ ..... . ..... .... ........... Cost of maintenance .... ........-----------------------------------..-- ..--------------- $215. 00 Total expended--------------------------- $340. 11 $1,952. 79 $849.75 $241. 54 215. 00 Allotted . --------------------------- ----------- 2,000.00------------1,000.00 3, 500.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927-- - ___------- - - _____- $1, 541. 74 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928----------------------------- -------------------- 3, 500. 00 Net amount to be accounted for__---------____-----___-___ 5, 041.74 Gross amount expended---------------------------------------- --- 215. 00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928____- ____________ 4, 82. 74 16. HARBOR AT PENSACOLA, FLA. Location and description.-This harbor is a natiral indentation of the coast line of northwest Florida about 40 miles east of Mobile Bay. Its principal axis is northeast, in which direction it is about 13 miles long, its width being approximately 5 miles. It is extended to the northeast by East Bay, into which empties Blackwater Bay, the mouth of the river of the same name. West of East Bay is Escambia Bay, opening into the main harbor and forming the mouth of the Escambia and Conecuh Rivers. At the southeast Pensacola Bay opens into Santa Rosa Sound, through which it has a secondary exit to the Gulf of Mexico by way of East Pass. The main entrance to Pensacola Bay from the Gulf of Mexico is through a pass at the southwest extremity of the harbor.. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 186.) Original condition.-The available depth across the inner bar at the entrance to this harbor was 22 feet, the width of channel being contracted by the movement of what is known as Middle Ground Shoal to the southward. The depth of water over the outer bar was RIVERS AND HARBORS MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 819 practically the same. The channel was also obstructed by wrecks, and the western shore line, in the vicinity of Fort McRee, at the entrance to the harbor, was rapidly eroding, almost the whole of old Fort McRee having been washed away before the erosion was stopped. Vessels drawing 20 feet could load at the wharves at Pensacola, and a spacious anchorage area of 5 square miles, with a depth of more than 30 feet, was afforded in close proximity to the city and to the naval station. Previous projects.-The original project was authorized by the river and harbor act approved June 18, 1878, subsequently amended and modified by the river and harbor acts of August 18, 1894, and March 3, 1899. Under this project and its modifications the total cost and expenditures were $721,338.21, of which $594,688.55 was for new work and $126,649.66 for maintenance. Work under existing project was begun in 1903. For further details of previous projects see page 1835, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for securing a channel 30 feet deep at mean low water and 500 feet wide from the Gulf of Mexico to the dock line at the east end of the city of Pensacola, and also provides that $150,000 might be used in constructing or purchasing a seagoing suction dredge. Under this project channels to the depth above indicated were required to be dredged for a distance of 10,000 feet through the outer bar and 1,200 feet through the inner bar. The mean range of tide throughout the harbor is approximately 1.4 feet near the entrance and about 2 feet at the head of the bay. The extreme range, except during storms,. is about 3 feet. No estimate of the cost of new work was made. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $30,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act approved June 13, 1902. The latest published map of the entire harbor will be found in the Annual Report of the Chief of Engi- neers for 1911, opposite page 1684. The Annual Report for 1891, at page 1733, gives the latest detailed map of entrance, while the Annual Report for 1914, at page 2162, gives the detailed survey of the outer bar. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co. ter- minals consist of four timber-pile piers, served by their tracks and those of the Pensacola Electric Co., open to all carriers not com- peting on equal terms, as follows: Coaling pier, 2,240 by 120 :feet, at outer end, equipped with elevated track provided with 10 chutes, also 2 coaling towers at outer end; depth of water, 28 feet; berthing space, 2,325 feet. One pier, 1.325 by 105 feet, equipped with 2 ware- houses and 8 railroad tracks (1 elevated); depth of water, 28 feet; berthing space, 2,350 feet. One pier, 1,350 by 140 feet, equipped with warehouse facilities but no mechanical handling devices; depth of water, 28 feet; berthing space, 2,160 feet. One pier, 200 by 100 feet, without warehouse or mechanical handling devices; depth of water. 10 to 28 feet; berthing space, 500 feet. The Frisco Railway terminals consist of three piers, with a total berthing space of 3,800 feet, served by their tracks and those of the Pensacola Electric Co., open to all carriers not competing on equal terms. One pier is equipped with a coaling tower having a capacity 820 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 of 600 tons per hour. Depth of water available at each of these piers is from 18 to 30 feet; ground storage space on water front outside of these piers is 23 acres. Palafox and Baylen Streets Wharves are of timber and have an available depth of from 10 to 18 feet. These wharves are used almost exclusively by the owners in connection with their fish business, but also to some extent as landings for river and small coastwise craft. The above facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 3, Corps of Engineers. ) Effect of improvenmet.-The completion of the channel has given greatly increase facilities to the shipping of Pensacola. The ca- pacity of vessels visiting this port is becoming greater on account of the deeper draft available. A steamship line inaugurated between the port of Pensacola and Atlantic ports, employing five steamers, is now offering freight rates considerably below established rail rates on many commodities. It is estimated that 50 vessels with draft not exceeding 10 feet use the harbor for refuge. Operations and results dring fiscal year.-There were no active operations during the fiscal year. Work consisted of repairs to the north jetty, made necessary by the storm of September, 1926, at a cost of $9,560.87; of a survey of the harbor entrance at a cost of $1,449.81; and of repairs to Engineer buildings, at a cost of $1,208.94, making a total cost for maintenance of $12,219.62. The expenditures amounted to $18,050.89, all. for maintenance. Under authority of section 1 of the river and harbor act approved July 25, 1912, an allotment of $500 was made for the removal of obstructive shoals in Bayou Chico, Fla., a tributary of Pensacola Harbor, subject to the condition that local interests contribute a like amount. No expenditures were made from this allotment during the year, as the necessary contribution by local interests was not received. Condition at end of fiscal yeair.-The project was completed in 1915. The western point of the Middle Ground along the Barrancas ranges is advancing in a westerly direction, and for this reason deep-draft vessels are compelled to pass slightly to the westward, where project requirements are greatly exceeded by existing natural depths. The seaward slopes of the north jetty injured by the storm of September. 1926, have been restored. Both jetties are now in very fair condition. The costs under the existing project were $351,709.74 for new work and $478,136.95 for maintenance, a total of $829,846.69. The total expenditures amounted to $846,278.34. Proposed operaitions.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1928, amounting to $4,510.23, will be applied to engineering, administra- tion, and contingencies and will be expended at the rate of about $400 per month, and it is thought that all will be exhausted June 30, 1929. The additional sum of $15,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, as follows Maintenance: Upkeep of plant and engineer buildings___-- - - - - $10, 000 Engineering, administration, and contingencies- -------. 5, 000 Total - -- __-_--- -15, 000 RIVERS AND HARBORS MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 821 Commercial statistics.-The total foreign and coastwise commerce reported for 1927 amounted to 752,879 tons, valued at $23,429,227. The imports, amounting to 80,922 tons, valued at $2,359,093, con- sisted principally of chemicals used in the manufacture of fertilizer. These consisted principally of resin, turpentine, cotton, lumber, and fuel pitch. The coastwise receipts, amounting to 363,438 tons, valued at $9,576,- 589, consisted principally of animal and vegetable food products, turpentine, resin, lumber, gasoline, and miscellaneous items. Gaso- line from Texas ports constituted 28 per cent of the tonnage of these receipts. The coastwise shipments amounted to 50,849 tons, valued at $3,910,472. The principal commodities shipped were forest products to Atlantic ports, animal and vegetable food products, hardware, and miscellaneous items to contiguous waters and near-by ports. The improved entrance channel was used by 62 per cent of the above tonnage. The in-transit traffic, which is largely estimated, amounting to 352,843 tons, valued at $28,197,479, passed over the improvement but is not included in the above figures. In addition, a total of 130,387 tons of bunker coal, valued at $644,704, was taken at Pensacola, which is also not included in the above total for the port. The total com- merce passing over the improvement, including the latter two items, amounted to 952,656 tons, valued at $44,649,932. The usual limit of draft of vessels in the foreign trade was 14 to 28 feet. Five vessels cleared drawing more than 28 feet. Two hun- dred and seven steamers cleared drawing more than 18 feet. The Transmarine Steamship Co. curtailed their service between Pensacola and New Jersey ports. The coastwise service of the Pen- sacola, St. Andrews & Gulf Steamship Co. was continued throughout the year between Mobile, Pensacola, St. Andrews, Carrabelle, and Apalachicola. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers' 1923........----------- 858, 408 $26, 157, 136 4, 602 1926 1----... .. 696, 661 $26, 461, 743 2,129 1924.----------- 672, 414 20,947, 893 5, 312 1927 2-....--. 752, 879 23, 429, 227 1, 051 1925 -----------.....757, 009 29, 130, 467 4, 476 1 Exclusive of bunker coal loaded, viz, 151,038 tons, valued at $767,436. 2Exclusive of bunker coal loaded, viz, 130,387 tons, valued at $644,704. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928-______-------________________ $946, 398. 29 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 ------------ ___ -- __- _ 604, 786. 61 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------ 1, 551, 184. 90 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928 ------------ 17, 673. 17 Net total cost to June 30, 1928--------------------------1, 568, 858. 07 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928_______________ _____- 964. 32 Net total expenditures-_______---___________ 1, 567, 616. 55 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928!1 4, 510. 23 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 ------------ 1, 572, 126.78 822 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work.... ... ... ..... I Cost of maintenance..........-----------------------............------............-----------------------........... ............ 12, 219.62 ----........... Total expended...........-------......-----------......... $26,382.50 $10, 423.63 $15, 368.45 $74,707.29 18, 050.89 Allotted.............-----------................------------....------ .....----------- ------. 60, 000. 00 7, 000. 00 -500. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927--.------------------------$23, 061. 12 Deduction on account of transfer to other works------------------ 500.00 Net amount to be accounted for ------------------------ 22, 561. 12 Gross amount expended ----------------------------------- 18, 050. 89 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928--- ----------- 4, 510.23 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928 ---------------------------- 964. 32 Balance available June 30, 1928---------------- ----- 3, 545. 91 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June -- - -- - - 30, 1930, for maintenance 1--- - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15, 000. 00 17. ALABAMA RIVER, ALA. Location and description.-The Alabama River is formed 18 miles above Montgomery, Ala., by the junction of the Coosa and Talla- poosa Rivers. From this junction it flows in a southwesterly direc- tion through the State of Alabama for a distance of 311 miles, and unites about 44 miles north of the city of Mobile, in the southwestern part of the State, with the Tombigbee River to form the Mobile River. (See U. S. Geological Survey charts for central and south- west Alabama.) The Alabama River has a drainage ar°a of 15,656 square miles, not including the drainage area of the Coosa River. It has an average low-water discharge at Montgomery of 5,000 second- feet and an average high-water discharge of 125,000 second-feet. Mean low water occurs during the months of May to December, inclu- sive, and high water occurs between the months of January to April. The Alabama River is nontidal. The average width at its source is about 400 feet and about 700 feet at its mouth. The fall per mile is 0.5 foot from its source to Selma, a distance of 100 miles, and 0.28 foot from Selma to the mouth. Original condition.-The Alabama River has always been navi- gable for light-draft boats throughout its entire length. Navigation was, however, badly obstructed by logs, trees, and gravel shoals at many places, over which the minimum usable depth at low water was about 2 feet. The width of the navigable channel varied from 100 feet in several restricted localities to 500 to 600 feet in others. The head of navigation was at Wetumpka, on the Coosa River, about 11 miles above the junction of that stream with the Tallapoosa River. Previous projects.-The river and harbor act of June 18, 1878, adopted the original project for the improvement of this stream, which was modified and extended by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892. The total cost and expenditures under this project were $419,445.69, of which $400,420.57 was for new work and $19,- 025.12 for maintenance. Work under existing project was begun in 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 823 1905. For further details of previous projects, see page 1837, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for securing a channel by open- channel work not less than 4 feet deep at low water from the mouth to Wetumpka, Ala., a distance of 322 miles. Under this project dredging and construction works were required at various obstruct- ing shoals, usually consisting of gravel bars distributed over the entire length of the river. The variation between average high and low water is 40.4 feet. The extreme variation is 57 feet at Mont- gomery. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1928, is $1,155,000, exclusive of amount expended under previous project. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $75,000. The existing projeci was authorized by the river and harbor acts as follows: The act of March 3, 1905, provided for the channel from the mouth to Montgomery (H. Doc. No. 378, 59th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the channel from Montgomery to Wetumpka (H. Doc. No. 1089, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map of Alabama River will be found in the Annual Report for 1913, page 2124. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-On the east bank at Montgomery, Ala., there is a wharf of two inclined tracks and warehouse, owned by the city of Montgomery, connecting with the city streets and with the Louis- ville & Nashville Railroad. Since built, all boats coming to Mont- gomery have used this wharf. The facilities are considered adequate for existing conditions. This wharf is open to all carriers on equal terms, no charge for loading or unloading. A wharf is needed at Selma, and the construction of one is now under discussion by the city authorities. The various natural landings below Montgomery, except at Selma, appear to serve present purposes. (For a full description of ter- minal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Increased minimum usable depth to 3 feet for the entire year, thus making transportation easier and more de- pendable. Effective competition with the railroads has been maintained as far as Selma. Whether this competition has resulted in an actual lowering of rates is not known, but it is claimed that the competition has prevented an increase in rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. towboat Ala- bama and attendant plant were employed on the construction and repair of contraction works at McNeils Bar, mile 118.6; Lower Can- ton, mile 156.8; Hurricane Bar, mile 166.5; Lower Sister Bar, mile 183.9; Rifleman Bar, mile 188.1; Mary Taylor Bar, mile 193.1; and Kings Bar, mile 197.7; all distances being measured from the mouth of the river. At these localities 716 linear feet of rock jetties were built, using 4,125 tons of rock and 3,758 linear feet of rock jetties, using 5,358 tons of rock, were repaired, all at a total cost of $36,212.18. Snagging operations were carried on by the U. S. snag boat Mont- gomery between Selma, Ala., and the mouth of the river, resulting in the removal of 3,173 obstructions, at a cost of $27,961.09. 824 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Surveys of completed and contemplated work were made at a cost of $1,173.38, and self-recording gauges are being installed at Selma, Ala., and Yellow Bluff, Ala., the cost for the fiscal year amounting to $4,089.44. The total cost of work for the fiscal year was $69,436.09, of which $33,208.34 was for new work and $36,227.75 was for maintenance. The total expenditures for the fiscal year were $81,336.33. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The channel depth has been im- proved at the shallowest bars and shoals between the mouth of the river and Montgomery, Ala., by dredging and contraction works; between Montgomery, Ala., and Wetumpka, Ala., the work has con- sisted in removing snags. At the end of the fiscal year the existing project was 88 per cent completed. The controlling depth at the end of the fiscal year was about 3 feet at various bars. Boats drawing 3 feet or less can usually operate throughout the year. Gauges are established at Montgomery and at Selma, the readings on these two gauges for extreme low water being -3 feet. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is the construction of approximately 20,000 linear feet of sand, gravel, and rock dikes from Montgomery Ala., to the mouth. At the end of the fiscal year the work was in fair condition; some of the pile and brush dikes and spur jetties will have to be repaired or renewed. The total cost of work under exist- ing project was $1,508,042.24, of which $287,690.56 was for new work and $1,220,351.68 for maintenance. The total expenditures under the project amount to $1,784,078.35. Proposed operaitions.-The funds unexpended on June 30, 1928, $102,607.77, will be applied as follows: New work : Construction of contraction works, operation of U. S. towboat Alabama and attendant plants 3 months, from July to Septem- ber, 1928, inclusive, at $9,000 per month-----------------$27, 000.00 Operation of dredge Blackwater 3 months, September, October, and November, 1928, at $7,000 per month .------------------ 21, 000. 00 Repairs and care of plant during high-water season----------- 8,000. 00 Engineering, administration, and contingencies ---------------- 4, 607. 77 Total----------------------------------------------- 60, 607. 77 Maintenance: Repair and renewal of contraction works, operation of U. S. towboat Alabama and attendant plant for 2 months, from October to November, 1928, inclusive, at $9,000 per month -- _ 18, 000. 00 Snagging operation of U. S. snag boat Montgomery for 5 months, from July to November, 1928, at $3,000 per month ---------- 15, 000. 00 Repairs and care of plant during high-water season------------ 6, 000. 00 Engineering, administration, and contingencies_ ___ 3,000. 00 Total ---- __ -- ----------- 42, 000. 00 During active operations, July to November, 1928, inclusive, these funds will be expended at the rate of about $17,000 per month, and during the remainder of the year at the rate of about $8,000 per month. It is estimated that all funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1929. Annual maintenance and additional new work are necessary. The additional sum of $110,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 825 New work: Construction of contraction works, operation of hydraulic pipe-line dredge Blackwater, U. S. towboat Alabama and attendant plant, 4 months at $12,000 per month--------------------------- $48, 000 Repairs and care of plant during high-water season_____________ 8, 000 Engineering, administration, and contingencies ------------------- 7, 000 ___ ---------------------------------------------- Total------ 63, 000 Maintenance : Repair and renewal of contraction works, operation of hydraulic pipeline dredge Blackwater, U. S. towboat Alabama and attend- ant plant, 2 months at $12,000 per month---------------------- 24, 000 Snagging operation of U. S. snag boat Montgomery 5 months- 15, 000 Repairs and care of plant during high-water season---------------4, 000 Engineering, administration, and contingencies_ __.._____--_ 4, 000 Total___----------------------------------------------------- 47,000 Commercial statistics. All the commerce of this stream for the calendar year 1927, used the improvement. It consisted principally of vegetable food products, cotton, logs, hardwood blocks and staves, and sand and gravel. There were 18,550 tons of logs rafted, with a value of $111,300. The remaining commerce, 147,590 tons, valued at $3,266,320, was handled by boats and barges, having a loaded draft of from 4 to 7 feet. A regular schedule is maintained by one packet boat between Selma and Mobile, with intermittent trips by two other packets. There is also a number of towboats, tugs, launches, and barges owned and operated by timber and sand and gravel concerns. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1923_-_--------- 40,692 $1,790,805 715 1926----------- 147,290 $1,658,960 680 1924-----------........... 105, 931 1,975, 191 1, 216 1927-----------. 166, 140 3, 377, 620 372 1925----------.......... 116, 293 2, 228,9106 1, 490 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928-........ $688, 111. 13 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928---- 1,239, 376. 80 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 927, 487. 93 1------------, Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928------------ 282, 116. 92 Net total cost to June 30, 1928--------------------------2, 209, 604. 85 Add accounts receivable June 30, 1928 ------------ 506. 76 Gross total costs to June 30, 1928_______-_-__-___ 2, 210, 111. 61 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928 111111111111111111111111 6, 587. 57 Net total expenditures------------------------------- 2, 203, 524. 04 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928-----------------------------102, 607.77 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928--------------2, 306, 131. 81 826 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work--------------------------.......................... ..........------------........................------------------......... $33, 208. 34 Cost of maintenance ----------- --------------------------------------------- 36, 227.75 Total cost._--------- --.-----..-.-.-. .. 69, 436.09 Total expended--------- .-----------$103, 051.86 $148, 220. 20 $201, 966. 69 $79, 713. 64 81,336. 33 Allotted ......--------------------------.. . 20, 000.00 265, 000. 00 75,000.00 90, 000.00 100, 000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927---------------------------$83, 944. 10 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 23, 1928 __----------------------------------- 100, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for------------------------ 183, 944. 10 Gross amount expended ------------------------- $81, 655. 19 Less receipts from sales---------------------------- 318. 86 81, 336. 33 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928---------------------- 102, 607.77 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928------------------- 6, 587.57 Balance available June 30, 1928_------------------- 96, 020. 20 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project----------------------------------------------- 1806, 703. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930: For new work------------ -------------------------- 63, 000. 00 For maintenance_ -- 147, 000. 00 Total------------------_ ------ 1 110, 000. 00 18. COOSA RIVER, GA. AND ALA. Location and description.-The Coosa River is formed at Rome, Ga., in the northwest part'of the State of Georgia, by the junction of the Oostanaula and Etowah Rivers, which have their sources in northern Georgia. From Rome the Coosa River flows in a south- westerly direction through Georgia and Alabama for a distance of 282 miles, and unites with the Tallapoosa River to form the Alabama River near Montgomery, Ala., at about the center of the State. (See U. S. Geological Survey charts for northeast Alabama and north- west Georgia.) The drainage area of the Coosa River and its tribu- taries is 10,200 square miles. It has an average low-water discharge of 2,500 and an average high-water discharge of 55,000 second-feet. The low-water stage usually exists during the months of June to December, inclusive, and the high-water stage during the months of January to May, inclusive. This is a nontidal stream, rather slug- gish between Rome, Ga., and Greensport, Ala., but rapid below that place. The average width between banks is 600 feet. The fall per mile is 0.64 foot between Rome and Greensport; 1.23 feet from that point to Weduska Shoals, 58 miles from the mouth; and 5.15 feet from these shoals to Wetumpka. Original condition.-From the mouth of the river at its junction with the Tallapoosa to Wetumpka, Ala., a distance of about 11 miles, 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HIARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 827 the river was navigable at all times. From Wetumpka to Greens- port, Ala., a distance of 143 miles, the river was navigable only at high water and in comparatively level stretches between rock shoals and reefs. From Greensport to Rome, Ga., a distance of 128 miles, the river has always been navigable for light-draft boats, the mini- mum usable depth at low water being about 21/2 feet, except at Horse- leg Shoal, near Rome, where the depth was about 1 foot. The width of navigable channel was about 100 feet. Rome, Ga., was the head of navigation on the Coosa River, although the Oostanaula and the Coosawattee, one of its tributaries, was navigable to Carters, Ga. Previous projects.-The act of August 14, 1876, adopted the origi- nal project, which was modified by the act of September 19, 1890; the total cost and expenditures under this project were $966,806.38 for new work. Work under existing project was begun in 1877. For further details of previous projects see page 1837 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for securing from Dam No. 5, Ala., to Rome, Ga., a channel 4 feet deep at extreme low water and 100 feet wide, to be obtained by open-channel work and the construc- tion of locks and dams, one dam without a lock and four locks and dams located between a point 7 miles below Riverside, Ala., and Greensport, Ala., and one lock and dam located at Mayos Bar, 7.5 miles below Rome, Ga. The length of the section included in the project is 165.5 miles, the lower end being 117 miles above the mouth of the river. Certain data relative to the Coosa River dams are given in the following table: Availabledepth Dimensions of locks over miter sills at Miles low water Locks and Location with reference to from dams nearest town mouth of river Greatest Clear available i Lift Upper Lower length wi Feet Feet Feet Feet Feet Lock 31 (15)_ .. Wetumpka, Ala....__ ..... 11i 280 52 14. 70 8. 00 8.00 ---------- Dam 5......... Gadsden, Ala., 58 miles-... 117 -- -_....... .-- .----- 10.00 No. 4---------.......... Gadsden, Ala.. 48 miles. ..- 127 280 52 8. 00 7. 00 7. 00 No. 3........--------- Gadsden, Ala., 27 miles.. 148 176 40 12. 00 5. 15 4. 00 No. 2 ...---------.... Gadsden, Ala., 253 miles __ 1492 176 40 5. 57 5. 40 5. 20 .......... No. 1--------- Gadsden, Ala.. 22% miles.__ 152% 176 40 5. 33 3. 41 3. 25 Mayos Bar - Rome, Ga., 7 miles .____ . 275 176 40 12. 00 6. 00 5. 00 Percent- Year of Locksandams Character of foundation dam Type of construction corn- cornm- Cost pletion pletion Lock 31 (15) Gneiss ------- 50 -- 1$228, 511. 00 Dam 5-,__ Disintegrated chert and Fixed.. Concrete and cribs---- 100 1917 397. 834.00 limestone. No. 4 . do . -....... ........ _do__ Dry rubble masonry,. 99-- _-- - 1456, 620. 00 No. 3__..__ Disintegrated chert_ ____--_do do_----------------- 100 1890 110, 744. 47 No. 2 ...- Sandstone and slate _ ___do ___. . do ---------------- 100 1890 159,166.00 No. 1...... Sandstone__------------- do Rock-filled cribs-..... 100 1890 106, 173. 96 Mayos Bar_. Compact shale- . --..-- do___ Dry rubble masonry_ _ 100 1915 279. 929. 29 1 Estimated cost; no exact record. The fluctuations of stage are as follows: Rome, Ga., ordinary, 30 feet; extreme, 40 feet. Gadsden, Ala., ordinary, 22 feet; extreme, 38 feet. Lock No. 4, about 4 miles above Riverside, Ala., ordinary, 828 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 17 feet; extreme, 24 feet. Wetumpka, Ala., ordinary, 45 feet; ex- treme, 62 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1928, is $1,835,000, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $10,000 for the part of the river between Rome, Ga., and Gadsden, Ala. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 14, 1876, provided for open-channel work and Locks and Dams Nos. 1, 2, and 3 for that section of the river between the Selma, Rome & Dalton Railroad bridge, near Wil- sonville, Ala., and Rome, Ga., at an estimated cost of $470,668 for work between said bridge and Greensport, Ala. (see Annual Report for 1872, p. 536); and $180,000 for work between Gadsden and Rome, a distance of 107.5 miles (see Annual Report for 1875, pt. 2, p. 661); the acts of September 19, 1890, and July 13, 1892, provided for the present channel dimensions, viz, 4 feet deep and 100 feet wide, the increase of lock dimensions to 52 feet width and 280 feet clear length, and for the improvement of the entire river from Wetumpka, Ala., a distance of 11 miles above the mouth, to Rome, Ga. (H. Doc. No. 94, 51st Cong., 1st sess.). Only the walls of Lock No. 31 and Dam No. 4 were constructed under this' enlarged project, which has been considered as definitely abandoned following report of January 9, 1905 (H. Doc. No. 219, 58th Cong., 3d sess.). The act of June 25, 1910, provided for Dam No. 5 and the lock in Dam No. 4 (H. Doc. No. 1421, 60th Cong., 2d sess.), and for the lock and dam at Mayos Bar (H. Doc. No. 1115, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published maps of the Coosa River will be found in various annual reports of the Chief of Engineers. (See Annual Report for 1890, p. 1644, for that portion of the river from Lock No. 4 to Greensport; Annual Report for 1891, p. 1752, for that por- tion between Wetumpka and Lock No. 4; and Annual Report for 1913, p. 2125, for the upper Coosa. Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of December 29, 1920, the Chief of Engineers recommended to Congress legis- lation authorizing the abandonment for the present of the existing project, except for the inexpensive care and maintenance of locks and dams which will be provided under the permanent indefinite appro- priation for operating and care of locks and dams. (See H. Doc. No. 1018, 66th Cong., 3d sess.) Local cooperration.--None. Terminai facilities.-At Rome, Ga., there are one small private wharf on left bank of Oostanaula River, very little used, and a private wharf on left bank of Etowah River, of earth, paved with brick, and supported on river front by timber retaining wall; used exclusively by owners; very inefficient and not open to the public. At Gadsden, Ala., there are no terminal facilities. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of inmprovement.-Transportationrendered easier and more dependable by increasing the minimum usable depth. RIVERS AND HARBORS MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 829 Operations and results during the fiscal year.-There were no active operations during the fiscal year and no funds were expended on this project. Condition at end of fiscal year.-At the end of the fiscal year Locks and Dams Nos. 1, 2, and 3, the lock and dam at Mayos Bar, and Dam No. 5 had been completed. Lock No. 4 is 99 per cent completed, the dam being fully completed. (See tabulated statement under Exist- ing project.) Open-channel work by dredging, rock removal, and construction of contraction works had been carried on at various shoals between Lock No. 4, Ala., and Rome, Ga. The proportion of the existing project, completed up to the end of the fiscal year was 83.5 per cent. The result was the obtaining of a 4-foot depth at mean low water on such bars as had been worked over, but no exten- sive and consecutive length of stream had been completed. At the end of the fiscal year, from Rome, Ga., to Gadsden, Ala., a distance of 111 miles, the controlling depth was 21/2 feet on several of the bars; from Gadsden, Ala., to Woods Ferry, a distance of 37 miles, the controlling depth was 3 feet, certain shoals and the lower sill at Lock No. 1 being the controlling points; from Woods Ferry to Lock No. 4, a distance of 9 miles, the controlling depth was 4 feet. These depths are obtainable throughout the year. Increased drafts are ordinarily obtained between the months of January and June, inclu- sive. The work remaining to be done to complete the project con- sists of completing lock at Dam No. 4 and lowering sills at Lock No. 1 and completing open-channel work from Mayos Bar to Lock No. 4, a distance of 148 miles. The condition of the various locks and dams at the end of the fiscal year is good. Open-channel work which has been done has in general been maintained by the action of the river. Jetties are in good condition. The total amount expended under the existing project. was $1,608,- 105.59 for new work and $162,892.27 for maintenance, a total of $1,770,997.86, which also represents the cost of the project. Proposed operations.-There were no funds unexpended on June 30, 1928. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, as there is now no commerce on this stream. Commercial statistics.--The commerce of this stream for the calen- dar year 1927 consisted entirely of rafted and barged logs. The total was 19,120 tons, valued at $114,720, composed of 7,200 tons of rafted logs, valued at $43,200, and 11,920 tons of barged logs, valued at $71,520. There are no steamers operating on this stream, all traffic being handled by tugs, launches, and barges owned by lumber concerns. These boats have a loaded draft of 3 feet or less. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1923_..... . __ - 21,672 $138,572 None. 1926 -. ....- 22,110 $132,660 None. 1924_.. . 20, 818 133, 651 None. 1927_-- _____-_ 19, 120 114, 720 None. 1925 __ ____1 18, 537 76, 460 None. 830 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928_-----------------------1 $2, 574, 911.97 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------ 162, 892.27 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928______---- 2, 737, 804. 24 Net total expenditures-......---- ___ 2, 737, 804. 24 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928______________------2, 737, 804. 24 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work .............................. Cost of maintenance------------------------------ ---------------- Total expended------------------ $10, 586.79 $2,390.60 $2,727.46 $987.94 ----------------------------- Allotted........ 5,000.00---- -- - - - 19. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND I)AMS ON COOSA RIVER, GA. AND ALA. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms a part of the project for Coosa River, Ga. and Ala. (See pp. 826 to 830, where general information can be found.) The completed locks and dams have been operated and maintained under the per- manent indefinite appropriation since June 30, 1890, for Locks and Dams Nos'. 1, 2, and 3; since September 22, 1913, for lock and dam at Mayos Bar; since May 19, 1914, for Lock and Dam No. 4. Operat'ions nd results during fiscal year.-All locks were kept in operation during the year. The expenditures amounted to $14,007.80. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Locks and Dams 1, 2, and 3, lock and dam at Mayos Bar, and Dam No. 5 had been completed. Lock and Dam No. 4 had been completed, except about 1 per cent of work required on the lock, which consists in the completion of the back fill and completion of the upper guard wall. The result of the work was to provide 4-foot navigation from Mayos Bar to Rome, Ga., and 31/4 feet from Lock No. 4 to Gadsden, this depth being controlled by the sills at Lock No. 1. All locks and dams are in good condition so far as completed. Repairs to Dam No. 5 are needed. The total expenditures for the operating and care of the five locks and six dams to the end of the fiscal year were $455,148.63. Proposed operations.-The locks and dams will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. STATEMENT OF APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPENDITURES ON WORKS OF RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENT TO JUNE 30, 1928, IN THE MONTGOMERY (ALA.) ENGINEER DISTRICT Appropriations (or allotments) : Seacoast harbors and channels----------------------------$3, 173, 545.94 Internal waterways--------------- ---------------------- 0, 077, 131. 17 Expenditures (exclusive of receipts from sales, etc.) : New work----------------------------------------------7, 772, 926. 39 Maintenance ------------------------------------------ 5, 017, 823. 06 Operating and care of canals ----------------------------- 455, 148.63 x Includes $404,943.66 expended between Wetumpka and East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia R. R. bridge. RIVERS AND HARBORS MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 831 EXAMINATION AND SURVEY MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED JANUARY 21, 1927 Reports dated June 2, 1927, and January 25, 1928, on preliminary examination and survey of East Pass Channel from the Gulf of Mexico into Choctanowhatchee Bay, Fla., required by the act of Janu- ary 21, 1927, were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 209, Seventieth Congress, first session. A plan of improvement is presented which provides for a channel 6 feet deep and 100 feet wide, with no expense by the Federal Government for new work, but $600 annually for maintenance. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of September 22, 1922, and January 21, 1927, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Chico Bayou, Fla. 2. St. Marks River, Fla. 3. St. Andrews Bay, Fla., with a view to increasing the dimensions of the channel between the Gulf of Mexico and St. Andrews Bay. By resolution of the Committee on Commerce of the Senate, dated January 29, 1926, a review of prior reports on Carraibelle Bar and Harbor, Fla., is requested, and report thereon will be submitted as soon as practicable. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT The district includes the harbors on the Alabama and Mississippi coasts and the rivers of western Alabama and eastern Mississippi. District engineer: Maj. T. H. Emerson, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. W. P. Wooten, Corps of Engineers, to July 30, 1927; Col. H. B. Ferguson, Corps of Engineers, from January 18, 1928 to May 24, 1928; and Brig Gen. T. H. Jackson, Corps of Engineers, to June 14, 1928. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Mobile Harbor, Ala__________ 831 6. Bayou Labatre, Ala _______ 850 2. Channel between Mobile Bay 7. Pascagoula Harbor, Miss___ 852 and Mississippi Sound, Ala_ 836 8. Gulfport Harbor and Ship 3. Black Warrior, Warrior, and Island Pass, Miss_....__ 856 Tombigbee Rivers, Ala__ __ 839 9. Pascagoula River, Miss 860 4. Tombigbee River, from De- 10. Biloxi Harbor, Miss-------- 862 mopolis. Ala., to Walkers 11. Wolf and Jordan Rivers, Bridge, Miss_-_ ________ 5. Operating and care of locks 84040 Miss 12. East Pearl River, Miss_ ---- - 865 867 and dams on Black War- 13. Removing the water hya- rior and Tombigbee Rivers, cinths (Mobile River, Ala., Ala ------------------ 849 tributaries)------------ 869 1. MOBILE HARBOR, ALA. Location aLnd description.-This harbor, located along the lower Smiles of Mobile River, is in the southwestern part of the State of 14710ENG 1928-----53 832 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Alabama, 91 miles by water from Pensacola Harbor, Fla., on the east and 97 miles from Gulfport Harbor, Miss., and 144 miles from the mouth of the Mississippi River on the west. The average width of the lower 5 miles of Mobile River is about 900 feet. The entrance to the harbor is through Mobile Bar in the Gulf of Mexico, thence through the natural deep-water channel between Dauphin Island and the peninsula from the mainland on the east, thence through Mobile Bay to the mouth of Mobile River, a total distance of 40 miles. The average width of Mobile Bay is about 8 miles. The bar channel is unprotected. The bay channel is partially protected from gulf disturbances but subject to severe local disturbances. The river channel is protected. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1266.) Original condition.-There was a minimum usable depth of 23 feet at mean low water over a width of about one-half mile across Mobile Bar, and the channel through Mobile Bay had a minimum usable depth of 51/2 feet through Choctaw Pass and 8 feet through Dog River Bar at mean low water, the available draft for purposes of commerce by way of Spanish River being limited to the latter depth. The width of channel over a depth of 51/2 feet was about one-half mile. Previous projects.-The original project for the bar channel was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. The original project for the bay and river channels was adopted May 20, 1826, the second project on July 11, 1870, the third on March 3, 1879, the fourth on August 11, 1888, the fifth on March 3, 1899, and the sixth on June 25, 1910. Prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1917 the cost of the original and modified project was $7,315,354.09, of which $5,917,048.04 was for new work and $1,398,296.05 was for maintenance. The total expenditures were $7,809,812.42. For fur- ther details of previous project see page 1840 of Annual Report for 1915 and pages 802 and 807 of Annual Report for 1916. Existing project.-This provides for a channel across Mobile Bar 33 feet deep at mean low water and 450 feet wide and about 1 mile long, connecting the 33-foot contours south and north of the bar; for a channel 30 feet deep at mean low water and 300 feet wide from deep water in lower Mobile Bay to Chickasaw Creek, about 5 miles above the mouth of Mobile River, a distance of 331/2 miles; and for the removal of sunken obstructions. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range at the lower end of the improvement is 1.1 feet and at the upper end 1.4 feet, and the extreme tidal range is 3.4 feet at the lower end and 3 6 feet at the upper end. The estimated cost for new. work, revised in 1920, was $1,680,000 for the bay and river channels and $112,000 for the outer bar chan- nel. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of main- tenance is $25,000 for the outer bar channel and $325,000 for the bay and river channels. This project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved August 8, 1917 (H. Doc. No. 1763, 64th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map of the locality is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of May 7, 1928, the Chief of Engineers recommended modification of the exist- RIVERS AND HARBORS MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 833 ing project so as to provide for a basin 100 feet wide and about 2,000 feet long, extending along the westerly side of the main ship channel and including the present quarantine station at Sand Island, at an estimated cost of $22,000, with $8,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain cooperation by the Public Health Service. (See H, Com. Doc. No. 10, 70th Cong., 1st sess.) * Local cooperation.-The only condition imposed by law is that no work shall be done under the existing project until local interests have established regulations satisfactory to the Secretary of War, and these were approved by the Secretary of War July 9, 1918. Ternminal facilities.-Along the western shore of Mobile River, from its mouth to One Mile Creek, a distance of about 14,000 feet, there is practically a continuous series of timber wharves and piers, the greater number of which are served by rail connections. One of these wharves having a frontage of 1,500 feet, on which is a steel shed 1,240 feet long by 100 feet wide, is owned by the city of Mobile, and is served by rail connections. In addition to the above there are three terminals below Chickasaw' Creek in Mobile River. Practi- cally all these terminals are open to use by the general public, more or less restrictions being imposed. On Blakely Island, about 1 mile north of Mobile on the east side of Mobile River, a modern coal and ore handling plant, having a storage capacity of 40,000 tons of coal and ore and a dock frontage of 500 feet, has been constructed by the Inland and Coastwise Waterways Service and is in operation. Ad- jacent to and south of it a fuel-oil station, having a capacity of 110,000 barrels and a dock frontage of 500 feet, was constructed by the United States Shipping Board. While the facilities of this port are considered adequate for the existing commerce, they would not be sufficient for any considerable increase thereof. The Alabama State Docks Commission has begun the construction of modern port facilities along the west bank of Mobile River be- tween One Mile and Three Mile Creeks, the ultimate cost of which will be $10,000,000. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 3, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to make water transportation easier and better and to give Mobile a reduction in rail freight rates between this port and Atlantic sea- ports and from interior points on account of competition between railroads entering Mobile with railroads carrying freight for ship- ment through to other ports, and by admitting a larger class of steamers, to reduce insurance and water freight rates upon shipments between Mobile and other ports. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-All work was car- ried on with United States plant and hired labor and consisted of maintenance dredging and the removal of sunken obstructions. A total of 9,316,914 cubic yards of mud and sand was removed from Mobile Bay and Outer Bar Channels over a distance of 162,993 feet. Two thousand one hundred and twenty obstructions were removed from the Mobile River Channel. Over the outer bar a width of 450 feet for a distance of 1 mile was maintained and in Mobile Bay Channel a width of 220 feet was maintained over a distance of 29i 834 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 miles. The total cost for the fiscal year, $240,830.37, was charged to maintenance. Total expenditures were $717,527.23. Condition at end of fiscal year.-All work on this improvement has consisted of dredging and the removal of sunken obstructions. The existing project was completed in 1926 at a saving of $992,910 under the estimated cost. The controlling depths at mean low water, ascertained during June, 1928, were as follows: Outer bar channel, 33 feet; Mobile Bay Channel, 28.5 feet; Mobile River Channel, 29 feet. The costs under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $766,056.64 for new work and $2,167,948.75 for main- tenance, a total of $2,934,005.39. The total expenditures were $3,627,378.94. Proposed operation.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1928, amounting to $434,540.59, for maintenance work, as follows: Operation of one 20-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge 12 months and another about 4 months in Mobile Bay and Mobile River Chan- nels, including care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, sur- veys, etc-------------------------------------------- $320, 000.00 Operation of 1 hopper dredge about 11 months in Mobile Outel' Bar Channel, including care and upkeep of plant, surveys, office expenses, etc.------------------------------------------ 37, 500. 00 Operation of 1 snag boat about 12 months in Mobile River Chan- nel, including care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, etc-_-- 30, 000. 00 Payment of outstanding liabilities July 1, 1928---------------- 37, 000. 00 Contingencies----- ------------- ------------------------ 10, 040. 59 Total------ ----------------------------------- 434, 540. 59 It is estimated that the above funds will be exhausted June 30, 1929, expenditures during active operations for the 20-inch pipe-line dredges, hopper dredge, and snag boat being at the rates of $20,000, $25,000, and $2,500 per month, respectively. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($335,000), will be applied to maintenance work, as follows: Operation of one 20-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge about 12 months and another about 2 months in Mobile Bay and Mobile River Chan- nels, including care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, sur- veys, etc--- --------------------- --------------- $280, 000 Operation of 1 hopper dredge in Mobile Outer Bar Channel about 1 month, including care and upkeep of plant, surveys, office expenses, etc ------------------------------- ,000 25,---------------------- Operation of 1 snag boat in Mobile River Channel about 10 months. including care and upkeep of plant,' office expenses, etc____ 25, 000 Contingencies--------- ----------------------------------- 5, 000 Total -------------------------------------------- 335, 000 The above amount is larger than the average expenditure for maintenance during the preceding five years, due to the fact that the channels will have to be maintained to project dimensions at all times in order to meet the increased requirements of commerce and navigation. Commercial statistics.-The total commerce for Mobile Harbor during the past five years, including bunker coal and oil, internal and local traffic, is given below: RIVERS AND HARBORS MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 835 Comparative statement General traffic Freight in transit Calendar year Passen- gers Short tons Value Short tons Value 1923.........-----------------. .----------- 2, 575, 885 $91, 307, 114 24, 662 $1, 557, 199 148, 643 1924----------------- ------------- 2, 694, 908 99, 791, 303 73, 121 2, 529, 923 148, 654 1925 --------------. 2, 901, 794 .........-------------- 130, 450, 408 52, 077 2, 315, 407 201, 671 1926-------......---...--------------------..... 3, 168, 092 109, 341, 580 534, 509 40, 445, 021 205, 478 1927 ....--------.............---......--..-----------------..... 3, 962, 747 143, 995, 449 965, 548 42, 333, 472 144, 978 The general character of the commerce during 1927 and the pro- portion in tonnage of each class of traffic to the total tonnage are as follows: Lumber, timber, and logs, 29.7 per cent; sand and gravel, 19.1 per cent; petroleum and its products, 11.5 per cent; manufactured iron and steel, 10 per cent; coal, 1.3 per cent; fertilizer and fertilizer materials, 2.7 per cent; molasses and sugar, 5.6 per cent. The usual limits of loaded drafts of the boats carrying these prin- cipal classes of commerce were from 6 to 30 feet. The entire com- merce of Mobile Harbor was carried over the improved sections, although there was before the improvement a sufficient depth to have handled a portion of it. There has been no recent change in the nature of the commerce due to the improvement. Four lines of transportation were established and one abandoned during the year 1927. Cost and financia summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 -------------------- $6, 683, 104. 68 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928----------------------- 3, 566, 244. 80 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928-_---- -- 10, 249, 349. 48 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928 -- , 137, 023.50 1--------- Net total cost to June 30, 1928---------------------- 11, 386, 372. 98 Add accounts receivable June 30, 1928-------__ 74, 454. 85 -11111111111 Gross total costs to June 30, 1928- 460, 827. 83 1------------------1, Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928----------------------- 23, 636. 47 Net total expenditures ---- 437, 191.36 1------------------------1, Unexpended balance June 30, 1928--------------------------- 434, 540. 59 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------------11, 871, 731.95 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work- - - Cost of maintenance..--------- - - - - - - - - ------------------------------------------------ - - - - - $240,830.37 Total expended----------- ---- $308, 465. 72 $341, 703.44 $371,160.92$368,444.47 717, 527.23 Allotted-------------- --------------- 181, 000. 00 1320, 500. 00 480, 000.00 300,000. 00 699, 290.00 836 RIEPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927--------- -- ------- $452, 777. 82 Amount allotted from War Department appropria- tion act approved Mar. 23, 1928 $----------------- 260, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department approprin- tion act approved Feb. 23, 1927------------------ 439, 290. 00 699, 290. 00 Net amount to be accounted for--... ----------------------- , 152, 067. 82 'Gross amount expended ------------------------- 718. 297. 25 Less receipts from sales----- --------------------- 770. 02 717, 527. 23 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928------------------------ 434, 540. 59 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928- ------------------------- 37, 000. 00 Balance available June 30, ;1928----------------- 397, 540. 59 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - --- -- - - - - - - - - - 335, 000. 00 2. CHANNEL BETWEEN MOBILE BAY AND MISSISSIPPI SOUND, ALA. Location and description.-This channel is south of the south- western part of the State of Alabama and affords passage through the shoal water between Mobile Bay and Mississippi Sound. It is about 30 miles south of Mobile, Ala., .and about 31 miles east of Pas- cagoula, Miss. A channel 10 feet deep and 100 feet wide at bottom has been dredged through the shoal waters at this locality from the 10-foot contour in Mobile Bay to the 81/2 -foot contour in Mississippi Sound, a distance of about 4 miles. It is protected to some extent by the shoal water through which it extends and by Dauphin Island on the south and the mainland of Alabama on the north. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1266.) Original condition.-This shoal afforded a minimum usable depth of 3 feet at mean low water over a width of 500 feet. Vessels having a greater draft than this used Grants Pass, a private channel distant about one-fourth mile north, where there was a depth of about 5 feet over a width of 100 feet. Previous projects.-The act of Congress approved May 23, 1828, appropriated $18,000 for the purpose of forming a channel at this locality. Some work was done with these funds, but there is no record of the amount expended or the results accomplished. Work on the existing project was begun on December 18, 1913. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 100 feet wide at bottom and 10 feet deep at mean low water from curve of 10-foot depth in Mobile Bay to the 8/ 2 -foot contour in Mississippi Sound, a distance of about 4 miles. As the mud is soft in Mississippi Sound, a vessel with a draft of 10 feet can go through it. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range here is about 1.2 feet, and the extreme tidal range is about 3.4 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1908, was $50,000, exclusive of amounts expended under pre- vious projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $6,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 967, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommnended modiflcations of project.-None. 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 837 Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-No terminal facilities are necessary, as this is simply a connecting waterway between Mobile Bay and Mississippi Sound for through traffic. Effect of imnprovenent.-The project results in effecting a saving in freight rates between Mobile, Ala., and New Orleans, La., and intermediate points on the Mississippi coast, and saves to vessel owners and shippers the tolls formerly charged by the owners of Grants Pass. It also enables deeper-draft vessels to pass to and from Mobile Bay and Mississippi Sound. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging operations under this project were carried on by the U. S. dredge Wahalak and hired labor from March 4 to 21, 1928. This work, costing $11,263.84, all charged to maintenance, resulted in the removal of 310,067 cubic yards of sand and mud over a width of 150 feet for a distance of 2.01 miles. The total expenditures were $11,243.49. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1914 at a saving of $4,395 under the estimated cost. All work on this improvement has consisted of dredging, and cost since its completion has been applied to maintenance. The controlling depth at mean low water, ascertained June, 1928, was 10 feet. The total cost under the existing project to June 30, 1928, was as follows: For new work, $45,604.59; for maintenance, $51,496.05, a total of $97,100.64. The total expenditures were $97,080.29. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1928, amounting to $10,219.71, for maintenance work, as follows: Examinations of channel, office expenses, etc., during the fiscal year 1929---------------------------- ----------------------- $200.00 Payment of outstanding liabilities July 1, 1928 -- 20. 35 Balance available for fiscal year 1930--------------------------- 9, 999.36 Total-------------------- ------------------------------- 10, 219. 71 The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, in addition to the $9,999.36 available from the fiscal year 1929, is $5,000, and will be applied to operation of one 24-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge about three-fourths of a month,. including care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, surveys, etc. The above amount is larger than the average expended during the preceding five years, but, due to increased commerce and the regular use of this channel by larger and deeper-draft boats, it will be neces- sary to maintain full project dimensions at this location at all times. Commercial statistics.-The total commerce for the channel be- tween Mobile Bay and Mississippi Sound during the past five years is given below: Comparative statement Freight in transit Freight in transit Calendar year Calendar year Short tons Value Short tons Value 1923 _ _-_ --- --. -- 47, 325 $2, 458, 739 1926- -- 126, 636 $12, 311, 801 1924---- ------- 73, 423 4,567, 593 1927----.- _--__----- 315, 441 15, 613,437 1925 ------. ...... - 89, 655 7, 557, 018 No passeng rried. 838 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Only freight in transit passes over this waterway. The commerce during 1927 consisted principally of sugar, molasses, pulpwood, lumber, cement, stone, iron and steel products, and cotton. The pro- portion in tonnage of each of these articles to the total tonnage was as follows: Sugar and molasses, 22.6 per cent; pulpwood, 2.9 per cent; lumber, 5.4 per cent; cement, 11.3 per cent; stone, 35.8 per cent; miscellaneous merchandise, 6.5 per cent; cotton, 4.1 per cent; iron and steel products, 11.4 per cent. The usual limits of loaded drafts of the boats carrying these prin- cipal articles of commerce were from 6 to 8 feet. Practically the en- tire amount of commerce between Mobile Bay and Mississippi Sound was carried over the improved channel, although there existed before the improvement a private toll channel a short distance to the north with sufficient depth to have handled a large portion of it. There has been no recent change in the nature of the commerce due to the im- provement. The Inland Waterways Corporation has in operation a fleet of towboats and barges over this waterway from New Orleans, La., to Mobile, Ala., and the Alabama coal fields. The increase in commerce for 1927 over that reported for 1926 is attributed to the increased amounts of cement, stone, and iron and steel products. Cost and financial sunmary .$45,604. Cost of new work to June 30, 1928----------------------_ 59 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928-------------------------51, 496. 05 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 ___--- __ 97, 100. 64 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928-----------------------__ 20. 35 Net total expenditures---._ --------------------- 97, 080. 29 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928_-- ---------- -__------_ 10, 219. 71 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------------- 107, 300.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work--------................................-- ------- ----- Cost of maintenance---------------------.....................-------..........---------.... ------------ $11. 263.84 Total expended ----.........------------------ $495.53 $40.19 $8, 070. 16 $160.30 11, 243. 49 Allotted--------.................-----.....----------- ------ ---- ------------ 20,000.00 ............ Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 $21, 463. 20 Gross amount expended------------------------------ -- 11, 243. 49 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928------------------------ 10, 219. 71 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928--------------------------- 20. 35 Balance available June 30, 1928 10, 199. 36 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 1 --- ---- --- --- ---- --- --- --- - -- -- - - 30, 1930, for maintenance ___ 5, 000. 00 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 839 3. BLACK WARRIOR, WARRIOR, AND TOMBIGBEE RIVERS, ALA. Location and description.-The above names apply to what is vir- tually a single stream having its source in northern Alabama, flowing in a general southwesterly direction, and uniting with the Alabama River to form the Mobile River, 45 miles above Mobile Bay. The total length of the stream from the junction of the Mulberry and Locust Forks to the mouth is 3621/2 miles. The improvement ex- tends from Sanders Ferry, on the Mulberry Fork of the Black Warrior River, and Nichols Shoals on the Locust Fork, respectively, 36 and 16 miles above their junction, to the mouth. The total length of slack water is 3321/2 miles from Lock 1, at McGrews Shoals, on the Tombigbee River, to Sanders Ferry, on the Mulberry Fork, with an additional 15 miles on the upper Tombigbee (above De- mopolis) and 16 miles on the Locust Fork above its junction with Mulberry Fork. From Lock 1 to the mouth of the Tombigbee, a distance of 66 miles, the stream is tidal, and an open river channel is maintained. The current on the nontidal portion is very sluggish at low water, but fairly rapid at high water, which usually occurs from D~cember to June, inchisive. The total drainage area is 19,761 square miles. The discharge at mouth is 1,800 second-feet at mean low water. The fall per mile varies from about 2 inches on lower part to nearly 2 feet on upper portion. The width between the 'banks varies from 140 to over 1,000 feet, with an average of about 400 feet. (See U. S. Geological Survey map of Alabama.) Original condition.-The Black Warrior, the name applied to the river from the junction of the Mulberry and Locust Forks to Tusca- loosa, Ala., 47 miles, afforded no low-water navigation, and at high- water navigation only for rafting. The Warrior River, that portion of the waterway between Tuscaloosa and Demopolis, 131 miles, pro- vided a minimum low-water depth of 1 foot and width of 60 feet, navigation by steamboats as well as rafting and logging being pos- sible for about five months of the year. Between Demopolis and the mouth, 185 miles, the Tombigbee River had a minimum low-water depth of 2 feet and width of 100 feet, and could be navigated by steamboats to Demopolis, at the mouth of the Warrior River, about eight months each year. At all ordinary stages navigation was ren- dered difficult by rock shoals, sand bars, snags, and overhanging trees. Previous projects.-Originally this improvement was conducted under three separate appropriations and treated as three distinct works. In 1902 the three works were combined and regarded as a single work which extended from Lock No. 1 on the Tombigbee River to the headwaters of navigation of the Locust and Mulberry Forks of the Black Warrior River. The maintenance of the section of the Tombigbee River below Lock No. 1 to its mouth, a distance of 66 miles, has since been included in the project, and the improvement of the rivers is now under one comprehensive project. The original project for the improvement of the Warrior River now combined with the Black Warrior and Tombigbee Rivers to form the present project, was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1875. The total cost of previous projects prior to adoption in 1884 of the existing project was, $656,930.78, of which $606,930.78 was 840 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 for new work and $50,000 for maintenance. The total expenditures were $656,930.78. For further details of previous projects see page 1841 of Annual Report for 1915. Emisting project.-Except so far as the length of the improvement has been extended, the present project, which is also virtually the original one, has for its object the obtainment of an all-year channel of 6-foot draft at low water from Mobile to Sanders Ferry, on the Mulberry Fork of the Black Warrior River, and to Nichols Shoals on the Locust Fork of the same river, by the construction of 17 dams and 18 locks, the extra lock being at Dam 17, where the lift of 63 feet is equally divided between two locks in tandem; and such dredging and clearing of channels by snagging as might be necessary after the completion of the dams. As modified, the project provides for the raising of pool levels 2 feet by placing permanent flashboards on the various dams and the raising of the lock walls at Lock No. 1 2 feet. The length of the section included in the project as finally extended, measured from Mobile to the upper limits of the channel of 6-foot draft, is 4431/2 miles to Sanders Ferry, on the Mulberry Fork, and 4231/2 miles to Nichols Shoals, on the Locust Fork. The maintenance of the section of the Tombigbee River below Lock No. 1 to its mouth, a distance of 66 miles, formerly reported under the title "Tombigbee River, Ala., from mouth to Demopolis (maintenance of channel)" authorized by the river and harbor acts approved September 19, 1890, and June 13, 1902, is included in this project. The last separate report under the above quoted title is shown on page 781, Annual Report for 1926. The following statement shows condition of locks and dams, all of which have been open for through traffic since May, 1915: Location and other data for locks iht this system Dis- Width of chamber Depth tance Dis- and greatest Lift over sills Look No. from Nearest town tance length available at low Mobile (miles) for the full width (feet) water (miles) (feet). (feet) 1.............. 111 St. Stephens, Ala..... ....---------------. 3 281.9 by 52........ 10. 00 1 8.0 2.............. 182 Pennington, Ala......---------------- 6 286 by 52......... 10. 00 8. 5 83------.. 205 Oakchia, Ala--.................. 5 _...do........... 10. 00 8.5 4_-...-..--.-._ 231 Demopolis, Ala.---------------- 1 285. 6 by 52........ 10. 00 8. 5 5--------------..............246 Cedarville, Ala...............------------------ 5 ..... do............ 10. 00 8.5 6..----- ---........... 267 Sawyerville, Ala-..--.-.--.---- 5 ....,do............ 10. 00 8.5 7_............. 282 Wedgworth, Ala_------------- 5 284.7 by 52 ....... 10.00 8. 5 8_..-.---.-.-- 298 Akron, Ala--...............-------------------... 3 284.7 by 51.65-...... 10. 00 8. 5 9 ............. 315 Powers, Ala ...........-------------------- 4 284.7 by 52........ 10.00 8.5 10_-----.....: - 362 Tuscaloosa, Ala . ....-------------------- 286.6 by 52.....-------- 9. 86 8.5 11------------- 362 ---. do---------------.-------------- 286 by 52---------- 8.50 8. 5 12------------- 363 -.. do_-------_-------- -__ 1 286.2 by 52------.. 10.50 8.5 13...------------- 370 Tidewater, Ala...............------------------__..... 285.5 by 52_...... 12. 14 8. 5 14..--...... - 373 Searles, Ala_----------.. ---- - 8 282.1 by 52........ 14. 00 8. 5 15_-----------_-380 Kellerman, Ala.----------------- 6 -. do----------- 14.00 8.5 16_ _..---- - 387 -. do---. -----.... 14 285.5 by 52----....21.00 8.5 17 2----------........... 388 ..... do--...................... 14 ..... do............ 63. 00 8. 5 1 River is tidal below this lock and daily gauge readings show that on an average of only 2 days per year is the depth over the sill less than 8 feet, the minimum being 6.9 feet. 2Double lock. RIVERS AND HARBORS MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 841' Location and other data for locks in this system-Continued ~ _ Type of construction Date Actual cost Character of Kind of of com n- of lock and foundation dam ple- dam Lock Dam tion 1-------- ---. Soft rock........_ Fixed-____ Concrete.... Concrete.....---------.. 1909 $560, 290. 02 2 ----------- Hard clay .... .... _.do-.......... do-----..... Timber crib, stone 1915 560, 114. 09 filled. 3--------------....do .........---------- ..... do .-----.....---- do...--........------. 1915 609, 622.80 4---- -------......--- do----.........-- _- do-------.... -- do.....----------- 1908 479,000.00 5------------- _do ........-- --- ..do...... ..... do-----....---.... --- do--.......--------- 1908 501, 000. 00 6-----------............. Piles_--- _-do .... _.do...__ -do---------do-----------1908 443, 000. 00 7---------- .do...do........ --do..... .. do----....---..--do.....-----------..1903 225, 600. 00 8- -.- .- -.- - -.- - . .do-- o--d .- -. .-. . do...---------...do......----------- 1903 212, 400. 00 --do ... ... do-..... .. do----------- 1902 202, 440. 00 9-------------- -do------ __do ... Stone __ _do----------- .-------- 1895 244, 500. 00 -do...... ---..do------ . . .do -- ---- ---- 1895 170, 000. 00 11----------- ---- do-------- - do...... 12 .------ do.....-... -__do..... ... do.---------do.----------- 1895 160, 500. 00 13 ------------...- dosandsto_. _ .. do..... -_do...... Concrete... Stone ...------------. 1905 203, 700. 00 14 ------ - . do......... Concrete ......---------.. 1910 _.d o -.. . .... do-----.....--...--do......-----------... 414, 714. 89 15 . _ ....------------- do ....----... 1910 430, 233. 87 -. do do ...-- ..... .. do..---------....do........-----------..1915 520, 853. 68 16--------- do ...- . __ 17 2 .. ..------------- do.... ... ... do-----...... do__ ----------- 1915 4 3, 174, 070. 00 i i i 2 Double lock. 3 Opened to navigation in 1915. Now 99 per cent completed; the remaining 1 per cent covers cost for submerged land. 4 Estimated cost. Payments for submerged lands not completed. Cost to Jan. 1, 1928, $3,131,413.05 The tidal influence extends from Mobile 111 miles to Lock No. 1, where the tidal effect is apparent only at low stages of river. At Mobile the mean and extreme tidal, ranges are 1.4 feet and 3.6 feet, respectively, though this is at times slightly increased by the effect of winds at low-water stages. The extreme fluctuations of river stages are greater at Demopolis, Ala., than at any point on the stream, an extreme variation of 72.6 feet between extreme low water and high water having occurred at that place. The ordinary fluc- tuations of this stream, due to floods, vary on different portions, being about 45 feet on the central part and not over 10 feet at the lower and upper ends. The works of improvement have reduced the amount of fluctuations at different points from 3 to 10 feet. There was no original approved estimate for the existing project. Estimates for the different parts of this project were made from time to time and were modified as different items were added to project. The estimated cost of new work, revised in 1926, is $10,020,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $50,000. The original appropriation for the existing project was made July 5, 1884. The report of a board of engineer officers recommending a project for slack-water navigation was approved by the Secretary of War April 19, 1887. The river and harbor act of March 3, 1889, provided for the construction of the first locks between Tuscaloosa and Demopolis; the act of June 13, 1902, merged the individual projects for the Black Warrior, Warrior, and Tombigbee (below Demopolis); and act of August 22, 1911, authorized the extension to its final limits (Annual Report for 1887, p. 1302; 1891, p. 1461; 1901, p. 1858; and H. Doc. No. 259, 54th Cong., 1st sess.; No. 178, 56th Cong., 2d sess.; No. 72, 62d Cong., 1st sess.) ; and the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, provided for the raising of various dams 2 feet and raising the lock walls 2 feet at Lock No. 1; also for 842 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 widening the channel to 150 feet where practicable (Annual Report for 1918, p. 876). The latest published map for the Tombigbee River is published in Annual Report for 1911, page 1708, for the Warrior River, page 1702, and for the Black Warrior River, in Annual Report for 1913, page 2144. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The following facilities, comprising loading and transfer stations, wharves, etc., have been provided along this waterway: Above Mobile Character of facilitie Purpose for which used Location Miles i---- Electric crane with mc Transfer of limestone from Tombigbee River, Pelhams 110 piles, connected with crusher to barges. Landing, Ala. rounding country by road. Do--------------- Transfer of lumber from saw Tombigbee River, Bladon 130 mill to barges. Springs Landing, Ala. .... Derrick____________ __ Transfer of logs from river Tombigbee River, at Demop- 229. 2 and barges to sawmill. olis, Ala. Do--------------- _-do ---------------------- -.---- do---------------------- 229.3 D o--- --- - - - - - _--do ----------------------. 229.4 Do -- - - - - - - ....d o ----... --............... .....do---------------------......................... 229. 6 Warehouses connected Transfer of miscellaneous do------------------ 229.6 ----- city by streets. freight from boats to ware- house and vice versa. Locomotive crane- ...-.. Transfer of logs from barges to Warrior River, near Demop- 236 sawmill. olis, Ala. Derrick connected with S Transfer of coal from barges _do- 236. 1 -.. ......................---------------- ern Ry. by spur track. to car and yard. Derrick, warehouse and Transferring sand, gravel, and Warrior River, at Tuscaloosa, 361.5 ing hopper, connected cement from barges to Ala. city of Tuscaloosa by st trucks, hopper, and ware- house. Derrick, warehouse, and Transfer of miscellaneous Black Warrior River, near 364. 2 ing platform; connecte freight from boats to ware- Tuscaloosa, Ala. spur track with city house or cars and vice versa. railway system, which connection with all rail entering city. Is also nected with city by imp: highway. Derrick, warehouse, and Transfer of miscellaneous Black Warrior River, near 367 ing platform; connected freight from barges to ware- Holt, Ala. the Louisville & Nas] house or cars and vice versa. and Mobile & Ohio rail through intermediate sv ing with the Central Ir Coal Co.'s R. R. and wit city of Tuscaloosa, Ala electric railway. Derrick - _____ -- Transfer of logs from barges _..__do__ ...__..... __ ....... 368 and rafts to sawmill. Coal bin and loading chute Loading coal onto barges --- Black Warrior River, Ala., 370. 8 nected with the Mobi near Lock No. 13. Ohio R. R. by spur track with surrounding countl dirt road. Tipple --....- _-do _ .. Mulberry .... ................ Fork of Black War- 417.2 rior River, near Gorgas, Ala. Derrick and wharf -_-- _ -- - --- Coal bin with loading chu te _. . do- ..... Transfer of .. -- miscellaneous .-- .....do ..... -_- do __. -................. 418. 2 ......------------------ 421 freight from boats to wharf and vice versa. Coal bin and loading chut _-e Loading coal onto barges.... -- do._. -...- - --- .--- 422. 7 Coal bin with loading chute: -.... do .... _ _ ... _ . - Mulberry Fork of Black War- 435 connected with the Sou thern rior River at Southern Ry. Ry. by spur track, and with crossing. the surrounding countr y by dirt road. Coal bin with loading chu tte-... _ . do...__ .. ... __.... Mulberry Fork of Black War- 440. 9 rior River, near Cordova, Ala. Two derricks; spur track con- Transfer of miscellaneous Locust Fork of Black Warrior 419 nection with Ensley-Sou thern freight from boats to cars River, near Short Creek, R. R. and vice versa. Ala. Coal bin and conveyor .... ...... Loading coal onto barges ..... 422 .....do................---...----------- RIVERS AND HARBORS 1VIOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 843 Of the above facilities, all are privately owned except the two in the vicinity of Tuscaloosa, Ala., shown as 364.2 and 367 miles, respec- tively, above Mobile. The terminal located near Tuscaloosa, 364.2 miles above Mobile, is municipally owned and consists of a 15-ton steel derrick, 50 by 100 foot warehouse and loading platform, and is connected with the local belt railway by spur track, which has con- nection with all railroads entering the city. It also connects with the city by an improved highway, and is open to public use on equal terms. The terminal located at Holt, Ala., 367 miles above Mobile, is an interchange terminal, and is owned by the Inland Waterways Corporation, operating the Mississippi-Warrior Service as a common carrier. The terminal consists of a 10-ton steel derrick, 50 by 100 foot warehouse and loading platform, and is connected with the Louisville & Nashville and Mobile & Ohio Railroads through inter- mediate switching with the Central Iron & Coal Co.'s railroad, and with the city of Tuscaloosa by electric railway. The terminal on the Locust Fork, near Short Creek, Ala., 419 miles above Mobile, is an interchange terminal, and is owned by the Inland Waterways Corporation, operating the Mississippi-Warrior Service as a common carrier. This terminal has connections by rail over the Warrior Terminal Co.'s railroad, owned by the Inland Waterways Corpora- tion, and over an improved highway with the city of Birmingham, about 28 miles distant. The Inland Waterways Corporation is con- structing additional trackage and a fireproof storage and transit warehouse across Short Creek from the present terminal for the stor- ing and handling of cotton, manufactured steel, and general mer- chandise. This terminal is adequate only for the amount of com- merce that can be moved for the Birmingham district with the present floating equipment. Jackson, Ala., is the only city of im- portance which is not yet provided with an adequate terminal. (For description of other terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.). Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made possible the use of larger boats and tows, reduced difficulties to navigation, pro- vided all-year traffic, and made more profitable the transportation and marketing of large quantities of forest products contiguous to the river. No appreciable effect is observable on freight rates by rail or water. Operations and results during fiseal year.-Negotiations for the purchase of land submerged by Dam No. 17 were continued and pay- ments of $3,~31.92 made, involving 74.94 acres. Above Lock No. 1, 12,226 cubic yards of rock and 2,940 cubic yards of stripping were removed from the channel over a distance of 3,700 feet. Below Lock No. 1, over a distance of 66 miles, 207,048 cubic yards of flood deposit and 238 obstructions were removed. All work was done by hired labor with United States plant. The total cost of new work was $17,518.30; for maintenance $24,653.72, a total of $42,172.02. The total expenditures were -$114,878.51. .Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 99 per cent com- pleted. Seventeen locks and dams have been built (see table under Existing project, p. 840), channel and one turning basin have been dredged, original snagging completed over the section below Lock: No. 17. 343 miles, an: principal lock houses built at all locks. The- 844 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 project depth of 6 feet over a minimum width of 100 feet obtains throughout the entire length of the improvement, and all-year navi- gation for boats is possible to the extent of the channel dimensions. The work remaining to be done consists of completing snagging above Lock No. 17, widening the channel by removal of rock shoals, increasing the height of the lock walls at Lock No. 1, and complete payment for submerged land above Dam No. 17. Cost under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $9,741,235.54 for new work and $372,754.57 for maintenance, a total of $10,113,990.11. The total expenditures were $10,102,205.58. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1928, amounting to $83,061.97, for new work and maintenance as follows: New work Maintenance Payment for land submerged by backwater above Dam No. 17, Black Warrior River.................------------ ........ ............. .... S $12,000.00 Widening and improving channel in Warrior and Tombigbee Rivers by removal of rock, operation of derrick boat, and attendant plant, 8 months, including care and upkeep of plant _..__-- . .._ ------ . - --- - - - - - - - 24, 000. 00 Operation of 1 snagboat on Black Warrior River above Dam No. 17, 1 month, and on Tombigbee River below Dam No. 1, 2 months, including care and upkeep of plant.......... 3,000. 00 $6, 000.00 Operation of one 24-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge on Tombigbee River below Dam No. 1, about 1 month, including care and upkeep of plant.... 20,000100 Payment of outstanding liabilities-..... _____.._ __._....-.. ,___ 100. 00 12, 153. 31 Surveys, office expenses, and contingencies-.......... - ---------............ 4, 500. 00 1, 308. 66 Total..------....... ..-------------- ----------------------------- 43, 600. 00 39, 461. 97 It is estimated that the above funds will be exhausted June 30, 1929, expenditures during active operations of the dredge and other plant being at the rate of $20,000 and $3,000 per month, respectively. Work will be prosecuted as the stage of the river permits. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($69,000), will be applied to new work and maintenance, as follows: New work Maintenance Payment for land submerged by backwater above Dam No. 17, Black Warrior River --...................................... $10, 000 . - Widening and improving channel in Warrior and Tombigbee Rivers by removal of rock_ 25, 000 .....-........ Operation of 1 snag boat about 1 month, including care and upkeep of plant__ Operation of one 24-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge about 1 month, includ- ing care and upkeep of plant........................................ 25,000 Surveys, office expenses, and contingencies. -- -- , , ... _ .. ..............-- -- 2, 000 1,000 Total......................... .. ............ 37, 000 32, 000 Commercial statistics.-The total commerce for this section of river for the past five years is given below: Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1923--------...... 954, 181 $17, 978,386 2,050 1926......__ 1, 292,098 $22, 863, 319 2, 388 1924-....... , 105, 260 16, 263, 186 2, 239 1927-....... 1, 467, 315 28, 726, 579 1,;532 1925....... 1, 383, 712 20, 785, 437 5, 081 RIVERS AND HARBORS MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 845 The commerce during 1927 consisted principally of sand and gravel, forest products, crude manufactured iron and steel, coal, sulphur, and iron ore. The proportion in tonnage of each of these items to the total tonnage moved is as follows: Sand and gravel, 32.7 per cent; forest products, 40.6 per cent; manufactured iron and steel, 6.4 per cent; coal, 6.7 per cent; sulphur, 1.4 per cent, and iron ore 2.9 per cent. The usual limits of loaded drafts of the boats carrying these prin- cipal classes were from 3 to 71/2 feet. The entire commerce was carried over the improved sections, although there was before the improvement a sufficient depth to have handled a portion of it. There has been no recent change in the nature of the commerce due to the improvement. The increase in commerce during 1927 over that reported for 1926 is attributable to the increased activity in the lumber, cement, and coal business. No lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the year 1927. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928---------------------------- $10, 348, 166. 32 Cost of maintenance to June 30. 1928---------------------------422, 754. 57 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928---------- 10, 770, 920. 89 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928-------- 368. 78 Net total cost to June 30, 192814____________------- 10, 771, 289. 67 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928-------------------------- 12, 153. 31 Net total expenditures -------------------------------- 10, 759, 136. 36 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 ------------------------ 83, 061.97 Total amount ,appropriated to June 30, 1928------------ 10, 842, 198. 33 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work ...--.-----------. ..--------- --------- -------------------------- $17, 518.30 Cost of maintenance-----------... .. . ------------ __ ----------- ___24,653. 72 ------------ Total cost ---------------------------------- ----------------------------------- 42,172.02 Total expended----................----------------. $106, 882. 19 $36, 680. 16 $30, 880.43 $35, 531. 07 -114, 878. 51 40,000.00 41,300.00 Allotted__..__. ........---------------.............. 32,000.00 32, 850. 00 -115,266.00 Balance unexpededJuly 1, 1927.----------------$83, 449. 46 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 23, 1928_--------------------- ------------------- 30, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for---------------------------- 113, 449. 46 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment-_ _____- -- 145, 266. 00 Net amount to be accounted for---------------------------31, 816. 54 Gross amount expended------------------ $30, 945.49 Less receipts from sales----------------- ----- 145, 824. 00 - - 114, 878.51 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 ... --- 83, 061. 97 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928-- ------------ 12, 253. 31 Balance available June 30, 1928 -- --- 70, 808. 66 846 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of 1 - - - - - - - -- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - existing project $235, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930: 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - 3 7, 0 00 00 For new work _-- -_ 3 . 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- ----- ---- -- For maintenance 32, 000. 00 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -- - - Total 69, 000. 00 4. TOMBIGBEE RIVER, FROM DEMOPOLIS, ALA., TO WALKERS BRIDGE, MISS. Location and description.-The source of this river is in north- eastern Mississippi, and its mouth, at the point whereby confluence with the Alabama it forms the Mobile River, is 45 miles from Mobile Bay. Its length is about 503 miles, its flow southeasterly, and the length of this section from Demopolis to Walkers Bridge is 318 miles. From Demopolis, the lower limit of the improvement, to the mouth is 185 miles. The drainage area above Demopolis is 9,250 square miles; discharge at Demopolis at low water, 1,500 second-feet; discharge at Columbus gauge, 30.35 feet above mean low water, 48,500 second-feet; low-water fall per mile for characteristic sections 0.68 foot between Demopolis and Columbus; and average width between banks between Demopolis and Columbus, 219 feet. Low-water stage usually occurs from July to November, inclusive. During the balance of the year a greatly fluctuating high-water stage exists with rapid current. At low water the current is sluggish. The section is nontidal. (See U. S. Geological Survey maps of Alabama and Mississippi.) Original condition.-Steamboat navigation was practicable only during high water as far as Aberdeen, 199 miles above Demopolis, the minimum channel at low water being 70 feet wide and 1 foot deep below Columbus, 149 miles above Demopolis, and 50 feet wide and 1 foot deep from Columbus to Aberdeen, 50 miles. The entire section was available for rafting purposes at high water. Previous projects.--Work on the section between Demopolis and Columbus was commenced under project adopted in 1871 and modi- fied by project adopted in 1879. For the section above Columbus there are no previous projects. Prior to the adoption of the existing project on September 19, 1890, the cost on the section between Demop- olis and Columbus was $63,382.98, of which $47,342.98 was for new work and $16,040 was for maintenance. The total expenditures were $63,382.98. For further details of previous projects see page 1842, Annual Report for 1915. Ewisting project.-This provides for securing a channel 6 feet deep at low water by snagging, tree cutting, bank revetment, bar improve- ment, and the construction of locks and dams from Demopolis to Columbus, 149 miles. The distance from the lower end of project at Demopolis to the mouth is 185 miles. The present project for the section from Columbus to Walkers Bridge, 169 miles, provides for securing a high-water channel by the removal of obstructions. This part of the improvement was formerly divided into two sections, but later appropriations were made for the work as one improvement. The ordinary and extreme fluctuations in feet, respectively, due to xExclusive of available funds. -RIVERS AND HARBORS MOBILE, .ALA., DISTRICT 847 floods, are at Demopolis, 51.1 and 72.6; Columbus, 28 and 45.9; and at Aberdeen, 33.2 and 42.1. Exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects, the original estimate of the cost of new work for the section between Demopolis and Columbus was $779,400, including lock and dam construction, and $28,500 for annual maintenance. The latest estimate, made in 1916, and found in House Document No. 1137, Sixty-fourth Con- gress, first session, increased these amounts to $4,500,000 for lock and dam construction and $90,000 for annual maintenance, but no provi- sion has yet been made by Congress for lock and dam construction. The original estimate for the section above Columbus was $47,000 for new work and $6,500 for annual maintenance. The latest (1928) approved estimate provides only for the removal of snags above Demopolis at an annual cost of $5,000, the present commerce not warranting an annual expenditure in excess of this sum. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for the im- provement and maintenance of the section between Columbus and Demopolis (H. Doc. No. 156, 51st Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1890, p. 1719); the acts of March 3, 1873, and August 11, 1888, provided for the improvement and maintenance of that part of the waterway between Columbus and Walkers Bridge (Annual Reports for 1873, p. 548, and 1882, p. 1312) ; and the act of February 27, 1911, consolidated the improvement from Demopolis to Walkers Bridge under one head and made one appropriation for this section. Since 1911 work has been restricted to improvement at and below Aberdeen. There are no published maps. Recommtended Rmodifications of project.-Under date of May 17, 1916, the Chief of Engineers recommended that this project be modi- fied to provide for snagging only at an estimated cost of $15,000 annually (see H. Doc. 1137, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). Local cooperation.-None. Terminal faicilities.-At Demopolis, Ala., the lower end of the improvement, there is a large brick warehouse which is used for the convenience of owner and therefore not open to the general public on equal terms. The Mississippi-Warrior Service also operates a terminal at this city, consisting of a 15-ton steel derrick, steel ware- house 100 by 50 feet, and loading platform. It is connected with the Southern Railway by means of a spur track and with the city by streets. There are no other terminal facilities along this water- way and none are required, as there are no transportation lines using this section of the Tombigbee River, and the commerce consists almost entirely of forest products handled to mills. The freight handled through the terminals previously mentioned is applicable to the Warrior River and Tombigbee River below Demopolis. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has reduced difficulties to navigation and facilitated the transportation of timber products. Freight rates by rail and by water have not been affected, as there is no competition with railroads and no established transportation lines using the waterway. 1471( -EN( 1928-----54 848 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Operationsand results during fiscal year.-No field work was done, as none was necessary for the small commerce handled. Cost during the fiscal year, amounting to $15.13, was for district office expenses The total expenditures were $15.13. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The proportion of the approved project accomplished from Demopolis to Columbus can not be stated. Since 1902 expenditures have been applied to maintenance under existing projects for the entire section. Navigation above Aberdeen, a distance of 119 miles, is impracticable except for rafting at mean and high stages. From Aberdeen to Columbus, about 50 miles, navi- gation is possible at high stages, but dangerous on account of rapid fluctuation, and no boats ply this part of the section. From Colum- bus to Demopolis, 149 miles, navigation at mean and high stages during about four months each year is comparatively safe for river steamers with a draft of 5 feet, but such boats rarely go above Demo- polis. At low water navigation is mostly confined to small craft except for a few miles above Demopolis, the controlling depth being about 1 foot. The total cost under the existing project is $150,307.73 for new work and $202,915.57 for maintenance, a total of $353,223.30. The total expenditures were $353,223.30. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1928, amounting to $10,243.75, for maintenance work by the operation of one snag boat about two months, including pro- portional cost for care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, and con- tingencies. It is believed that the above funds will be exhausted June 30, 1929, expenditures during active operations of the snag boat being at the rate of $3,000 per month. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, as no snagging is believed necessary to meet the needs of commerce and navigation. Coinmercial statistics. The total commerce for this section of the river for the past five years is given below. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1923........--------------------........ 65,460 $295, 936 1926----_ ------------------ 5,319 $57,060 1924 .......---------------------......... 18,618 81,235 1927 --------------------- 23,750 142,868 1925,---------------------. 25,307 134, 261, Number of passengers not a ailable. The principal commodities handled during 1927 consisted of sand and gravel, 40 per cent, and logs, 59 per cent, all commerce being transported on barges with a draft of from 3 to 5 feet. There are no established lines of transportation on this waterway. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 _..- _- ____ - _ $197, 650. 71 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928---------- ----------------- 218, 955. 57 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928_________-- 416, 606. 28 -416, Net total expenditures------- 606. 28 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 10, 243. 75 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928- .---- - 426, 850. 03 RIVERS AND HARBORS MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 849 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work-...... - .....- ...... ..... -- - Cost of maintenance--................... - - - -- $15. 13 Total expended-- _------------------$4, 538. 12 $212.98 $188.57 ------------... 15. 13 Allotted .... ... .. 5, 000.00 ..------------------------------.....--... 5, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 $10, 258. 88 Gross amount expended----------------------------- 15. 13 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928-------------------------- 10 243. 75 5. OPERATING ANDI) CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS ON BLACK WARRIOR AND TOMBIGBEE RIVERS, ALA. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Black Warrior, Warrior, and Tombig- bee Rivers, Ala. See pages 839 to 846, where general information regarding the improvement can be found. The completed locks and dams have been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since the following dates: Lock No. Date Lock No. Date 1 ........---------------------- __ Sept. 6,1908 10....--------------------------------.............................. July 1, 1896 2... --....... ..-- . ....... .... _ Nov. 1,1914 11 - - __ Do. 3 .. ............................. _ Sept. 21, 1914 12 --------------- Do. 4--------------------------------- Dec. 1,1908 13.......-------------------------------- July 4,1905 5--_ ------------------------------ Sept. 1, 1908 14 - - _ Mar. 29, 1910 ..............--------------------------- 6------ Oct. 1,1908 15... .......................... May 2,1910 7---.... ..------------------------------... Nov. 7,1903 16 ................ ................ . Jan. 1, 1915 8---------------------------------__ Jan. 1, 1903 17--------------------------------..... May 13, 1915 9------------------------------------............ Do. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The 17 locks and dams, telephone line of 186 miles, other equipment, and plant were oper- ated and maintained by hired labor and United States plant. Ten thousand eight hundred and sixty-four cubic yards flood deposit, 75 cubic yards rock, and 9 obstructions were removed from lock cham- bers; 967,655 cubic yards flood deposit, 511 yards rock, and 4,239 obstructions were removed from 250 miles of river channel. Three 40-foot guard cribs and 6 concrete guide piers were constructed. Repairs were made to one 40-foot and one 20-foot guard crib, gates, valves, miter sills, floating plant, telephone line, machine shop, arid boat yard. Total cost for maintenance was $367,474.40. Total ex- penditures were $363,550.75. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The 17 locks and dams have been completed (see table under Existing project, p. 840), and are all open to traffic for tows up to 50 feet wide, 280 feet long, and 6 feet draft. New lock floors are necessary at Locks 7, 8, and 9, and exten- sive repairs to valves are necessary at Locks Nos."1 to 13, inclusive. The fishways and guard cribs at several of the locks are in need of repairs. With the above exceptions all locks are in good condition and all requirements are being given attention. A depth of not less than 6 feet is maintained throughout the canalized system by the removal of obstructions from the channel and dredging of bars. 850 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 The total cost from the permanent indefinite appropriation to the end of the fiscal year was $5,743,068.06. The total expenditures were $5,739,144.41. Proposed operation.-The locks and dams will be operated and maintained under allotment from the permanent and indefinite ap- propriation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics. See page 844. 6. BAYOU LABATRE, ALA. Location and description.-Bayou Labatre, a tidal stream about 10 miles long, is located in the southwestern part of the State of Alabama, and empties into Mississippi Sound. It is45 miles by water from Mobile Harbor, Ala., on the east and 18 miles from Pas- cagoula Harbor, Miss., on the west. The entrance to the bayou from Mississippi Sound is through the channel across the bar at its mouth. The average width of the bayou varies from 400 feet at the mouth to 100 feet at the upper limit of the improvement. The channel in the bayou is protected. The channel in Mississippi Sound is pro- tected on the north by the mainland and partially protected on the east and west by the Isle of Herbs and the mainland, respectively, but exposed on the south to local disturbances in Mississippi Sound. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1267.) Originalcondition.-The minimum usable depth at mean low water in the bayou and across the bar at its mouth was 3 feet. The head of navigation was 4 miles above the mouth of the bayou. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide across the bar and 6 feet deep and 75 feet wide between the mouth and the fixed highway bridge, except where the existing depth is 6 feet or more for a width of at least 50 feet. The length of the channel across the bar is 3,500 feet, and the section of the bayou included in the project is 21/ miles in length. The mean and extreme tidal ranges are 13/4 and 33/4 feet, respectively. The estimated cost for new work, made in 1923, was $20,000, with $5,000 for annual maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1925 (H. Com. Doc. No. 4, 68th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local coopernation.-The river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, provided that local interests furnish without cost to the United States suitable areas for the deposit of dredged material. This requirement has been fully complied with by the local interests. Terminal facilities.-There are five small wooden wharves which are used exclusively in connection with canning factories located on the bayou. These wharves are considered adequate for existing com- merce, which consists entirely of sea foods obtained from local waters. Effect of improvemet.--The improvement has greatly facilitated navigation and made possible the use of larger and deeper draft vessels. RIVERS AND HARBORS MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 851. Operations cand results during fiscal year.-No work was done. Cost during the fiscal year, amounting to $147.10, all charged to maintenance, was for district office expenses. The total expenditures were $65.76. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The existing project was com- pleted in 1926, at a saving of $1,369 under the estimated cost. The project depths and widths have been obtained in the channel in Mis- sissippi Sound, across the bar at the mouth of the bayou, and in the bayou up to the county highway bridge. The controlling depths ascertained during June, 1928, were as follows: Mississippi Sound Channel, 5.5 feet; Bayou La Batre Channel, 6 feet. The total costs to the end of the fiscal year under the existing project were $18,631.29 for new work and $202.38 for maintenance, all charged to dredging, a total of $18,833.67. The total expenditures were $18,752.33. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1928, amounting to $6,247.67, for maintenance work, as follows: Operation of one 24-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge about one-fourth month in the Mississippi Sound and Bayou La Batre Channels, including care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, etc---------- $5,000. 00 Payment of outstanding liabilities July 1, 1928___________________--81.34 Contingencies-------_ ---------------------------------- 1, 166. 33 Total -------- ---------------------------------- 6, 247.67 It is believed that the above funds will be exhausted June 30, 1929, expenditures during active operations for the 24-inch pipe-line dredge being at the rate of $20,000 per month. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, as no dredging is believed necessary to meet the needs of commerce and navigation. Commercial statistics.-The total commerce of Bayou La Batre during the past four years (there has been no project or record of commerce on this waterway prior to 1924) is given below: Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1924---.___-. ___.___.__ 8, 264 $139, 976 1926 __------.............---_...... 24,231 $289, 480 1925___-----_----- ------- 17,270 559,719 1927--------------------- 32,687 801,308 The commerce during 1927 consisted principally of oysters, shrimp, ice, and pulp wood. The proportion in tonnage of each of these items to the total tonnage is as follows: Oysters, 45.7 per cent; shrimp, 22.6 per cent; ice, 19.8 per cent; and pulp wood, 8 per cent. There were no passengers, freight in transit, or floated logs. The usual limits of loaded drafts of the boats carrying this commerce were from 2 to 6 feet. There are no established lines of. transporta- tion. S852 RfEPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928-------------------------- $18, 631.29 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928_----------------------- 202. 38 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------- 18, 833.67 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928---------------------------- 81.34 Net total expenditures---------------- 18, 752. 33 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928---------- , 247. 67 6------------------ Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-------- 25, 000.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work . ..-- - -.---- ...--- ---- Cost of maintenance..........----------- ------- --------------..----------------------- $147. Total expended ----- -- -------------------------------- $7, 732. 13 $10, 954. 46 Allotted ----------------------------------------- - 20, 000. 00 5. 000.001------ Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 ....- $6, 313.43 Gross amount expended- --------------------------------- 65. 76 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 ___6,247. 67 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928----------------------------- 81.34 Balance available June 30, 1928------------------------- 6, 166. 33 7. PASCAGOULA HARBOR, MISS. Location and description. This harbor, located along the lower 6.8 miles of Pascagoula River and the lower 4 miles of Dog River, is in the southeastern part of the State of Mississippi, about 61 miles by water from Mobile Harbor, Ala., on the east and about 44 miles from Gulfport Harbor, Miss., on the west. The average widths of Pasca- goula and Dog Rivers for the distance stated are 720 and 335 feet, respectively. Its entrance from the Gulf of Mexico is through Horn Island Pass between Horn and Petit Bois Islands, thence through Mississippi Sound to the mouth of Pascagoula River, a total distance of 12 miles. The outer bar at Horn Island Pass is without protection on the south from disturbances in the Gulf. The channel through Mississippi Sound is partially protected by Horn and Petit Bois Islands on the south and the mainland on the north. The river channel is protected. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1267.) Original condition.-Across the bar at Horn Island there was a minimum usable depth of 18 feet at mean low water over a width of one-quarter mile, and across the bar at the mouth of Pascagoula River a mean low-water depth of 3 feet over a width of 1,000 feet. Previous projects.-Appropriations were made for Pascagoula River by the river and harbor acts approved on the following dates: March 2, 1827; May 23, 1828; February 24, 1832. There is no record of the work accomplished. The first project of which anything defi- nite is known was adopted by the river and harbor acts of June 14, 1880. Other projects were adopted by the river and harbor acts of August 5, 1886, and of March 3, 1899, the latter including Dog River. RIVERS AND HARBORS MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 853 The river and harbor acts of June 13, 1902, and June 25, 1910, modi- fied and extended the latter project. Provision for improving Horn Island Pass was made in the river and harbor acts of August 18, 1894, and June 3, 1896, in conjunction with the improvement of the channel at the mouth of Pascagoula River. Another project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899. Prior to the commencement of work on July 1, 1916, under the existing project adopted in 1913 and modified by river and harbor act of March 4, 1915, the cost on previous projects was $1,317,065.76, of which $904,441.61 wasfor new work and $412,624.15 for maintenance. The total expenditures were $1,317,065.76. (For further details of previous projects see p. 1843 of Annual Report for 1915.) Existing project.-This provides for a through channel of the maxi- mum dimensions that can be secured by the expenditure of $283,000, but not exceeding a depth of 25 feet and width of 300 feet across the outer bar at Horn Island Pass, and thence a depth of 22 feet and width of 225 feet to the railroad bridge at Pascagoula, and thence a depth of 22 feet and width of 150 feet, increased at sharp bends, to a point on Dog River 4 miles above its mouth. Under ordinary condi- tions the mean tidal range here is 13/4 feet and the extreme tidal range is 33/4 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1914, is $283,000,. exclusive of amount expended on previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000 for the outer bar channel at Horn Island Pass and $100,000 for the channels in the river and through Mississippi Sound. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts. The act of March 4, 1913, provided for limiting the channel dimensions subject to local cooperation (H. Doc. No. 682, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of March 4, 1915, modified the required local cooperation and provided for the present channel dimensions (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 12, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest pub- lished map of this locality may be found in House Document No. 211, Fifty-fourth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 4, 1915, re- quired local interests to furnish space for public wharves both at Moss Point and Pascagoula, 800 feet in length and of such width as may be satisfactory to the Secretary of War. Both towns have provided sites, which were approved by the Secretary of War on May 8, 1916. Terminal facilitie.-The municipal wharf on the east side of Pas- cagoula River has an available dockage of 1,094 feet and a ware- house area of 4,840 square feet, is connected with the railroad by a spur line, and at present is open to the public without charge. The Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co.'s trestle in the Pascagoula River at Pascagoula, Miss., just north of their bridge, and the Mississippi Export Railroad wharf on the Dog River at Moss Point, Miss., have an available dockage of 60 and 380 feet, respectively. They are open to the public without cost. The Farnsworth Coal Co. has a wharf on the Pascagoula River, located just north of the Louis- ville & Nashville Railroad Co.'s trestle and equipped with an elec- trically operated bucket conveyor coal hoist. This terminal has an available dockage of 145 feet and is open without cost to public use. 854 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 It is connected with the local railroads by a spur line, over which a switching charge is made. In addition to the above terminals, there are a number of others which are owned by individuals, firms, etc., and are used entirely by them in the prosecution of their busi- ness. All private terminals are constructed of timber, and these, together with the municipal wharf, are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 19, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvemet.-The improvement has greatly facilitated navigation and has made possible the use of larger and deeper draft vessels, thereby reducing the cost of water transportation. A reduc- tion in rail-freight rates between this harbor and Atlantic seaports has resulted. Operationsand results during the fiscal year.-Maintenancedredg- ing was carried on by hired labor and United States plant and re- sulted in the removal of 1,371,105 cubic yards of mud and sand from the Pascagoula River and Mississippi Sound Channels over a dis- tance of 22,900 feet. The total cost for the fiscal year was $38,753.27, all charged to maintenance dredging. The total expenditures were $22,060.94. Condition at end of fiscal year.-All work on this improvement consisted of maintenance dredging. The 21-foot Horn Island Pass Channel project was completed in the calendar year 1908. Under the existing project, which is 42.4 per cent completed, no new work has been done in Horn Island Pass, but the channel in Pascagoula River has been dredged over a width of 150 feet to a depth of 20 feet and the channel through Mississippi Sound to a depth of 22 feet over a width of 150 feet. The controlling depths, ascertained June, 1928, were as follows: Horn Island Pass, 20 feet; Mississippi Sound Chan- nel, 15 feet; Pascagoula River Channel, 15 feet. The work remain- ing to be done to complete the project consists of obtaining such addi- tional depths and widths of channel, not exceeding the maximum dimensions, as may be secured by the total authorized expenditure of $283,000. The total cost under the existing project is as follows: For new work, $103,037.87; for maintenance, $487,456.61; a total of $590,494.48. The total expenditures were $590,717.15. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1928, amounting to $86,632.09, for maintenance work, as follows: Operation of one 20-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge about 4 months in the Mississippi Sound and Pascagoula River Channels, includ- ing care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, surveys, etc-------$80, 000. 00 Payment of outstanding liabilities July 1, 1928-------------------- 61. 05 Contingencies--------------- ------------------------------ 6, 571.04 Total --------------------------------------------- 86, 632. 09 It is believed that the above funds will be exhausted June 30, 1929, expenditures during active operations ,for the 20-inch pipe-line dredge being at the rate of $20,000 per month. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($60,000), will be applied to operation of one RIVERS AND HARBORS MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 855 20-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge about 3 months in the Missis- sippi Sound and Pascagoula River Channels, including care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, surveys, etc. The above amount is larger than the average expenditure for main- tenance during the preceding five years, due to the necessity of main- taining greater channel depths than have been maintained during the preceding five years. Commercial statistics.-The total commerce for Pascagoula Har- bor during the past five years is given below: Comparative statement General traffic Freight in transit Calendar year Short tons Value Short tons Value 1923----- ...........-- --------------- -------------------.. 191,965 $1,892,727 . _,,, ... ............. 1924 ...........................-------------- ----------------------- 167,864 1,410,866 2,836 $113, 007 1925 ...-------............-- --------------------------------- 310, 372 2, 548, 794 2, 066, 104, 787 1926------------------------------------------------- 259,993 1,854, 750 1,517 107,322 1927-......----............-- ------------------------------------- 231, 388 1,653, 050 No passengers carried. The commerce during 1927 consisted principally of lumber, pulp wood, and fuel oil. The proportion in tonnage of each of these items to the total tonnage is as follows: Lumber, 49.1 per cent; pulp wood, 25.6 per cent; fuel oil, 17.2 per cent. The usual limits of loaded drafts of the boats carrying these prin- cipal commodities were from 6 to 17 feet. The decrease in tonnage for 1927, compared with the previous year, was due to the decreased activity in the lumber business. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928----------------------- $1, 007, 479. 48 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------ 900, 080. 76 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 -------- 1, 907, 560. 24 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928----------- 283.72 Net total cost to June 30, 1928----------------------- 1, 907, 843.96 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928-.----- -- -- 61.05 Net total expenditures ........- ___ - - - 1, 907, 782. 91 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928_ .......--- --.......- __ 86, 632. 09 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928__-------- 1, 994, 415. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work - .................- Cost of maintenance-------------------------..................... -------- ------------ ......... . ..... $38, 753. 27 -----... Total ekpended----..................... $39, 485. 94 $37, 484. 96 $11, 822. 87 $19, 033. 01 22, 060.94 Allotted-------------------- ........... 32,000.00 53,000.00 8,250.00 28,000.00 33, 085.00 856 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927------------------------------- $75, 608. 03 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 23, 1928----------------------------------------- 50, 000. 00 Amount to be occounted for__ 125, 608. 03 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment 16, 915. 00 1----------------- Net amount to be accounted for__________________________ 108, 693.03 Grosse amount expended $38, 975 94 Less receipts from sales_ 16, 915. 00 22, 060. 94 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928-------------------_ 86, 632.09 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928 __- _____------------------ 61.05 Balance available June 30, 1928------------------------- 86, 571. 04 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance 1- -- ------ --- 60, 000.00 8. GULFPORT HARBOR AND SHIP ISLAND PASS, MISS. Location and description.-Gulfport Harbor is located on Missis- sippi Sound in the southeastern part of the State of Mississippi, about 44 and 91 miles by water from Pascagoula Harbor, Miss., and Mobile Harbor, Ala., respectively, on the east and 78 miles from New Orleans (via the inside route through Lake Borgne, the Rigo- lets, Lake Pontchartrain, and industrial canal) on the west. This harbor consists of a dredged basin 1,320 feet wide by 2,640 feet long. Its entrance is through Ship Island Bar in the Gulf of Mexico, thence through Ship Island Pass between Cat and Ship Islands, thence through Mississippi Sound to the basin, a total distance of 15 miles. The Ship Island Bar Channel is south of the west end of Ship Island and exposed to Gulf disturbances from southerly directions. The channel through Mississippi Sound is partially protected on the south from severe Gulf disturbances by Cat and Ship Islands and on the north by the mainland, but subject to severe local disturb- ances. The basin is protected on the north by the mainland and partially protected on the east and west by the piers of the *Gulf & Ship Island Railroad Co. and on the south by a pile and stone break- water. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1267.) Original condition.-No channel existed between the anchorage at Ship Island and Gulfport, Miss. The minimum usable mean low- water depth across Ship Island Bar was 20 feet over a width of about half a mile, and over the site of the inner channel and anchor- age basin the depths ranged from 2.5 to 23 feet, covering several miles in width. Previous projects.-There has been no previous project for Ship Island Pass. The original project for Gulfport Harbor was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899. Prior to the com- mencement of work in the Gulfport Channel on July 2, 1911, under the existing project, adopted February 27, 1911, the cost of the pre- vious project was $522,650.43, of which $166,199.77 was for new,work and $356,450.66 was for maintenance. The total expenditures were $522,650.43. Work on existing project for Ship Island Pass, adopted March 3, 1899, and joined with Gulfport project by river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, was commenced on November 23, 1899. (For 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 857 further details of previous projects see p. 1846 of Annual Report for 1915.) Existing project.-This provides for a channel 26 feet deep and 300 feet wide at mean low water through Ship Island Pass from the Gulf of Mexico at such point as the Chief of Engineers may deem desirable in the interest of navigation and economy; for a channel 19 feet deep and 300 feet wide leading from the anchorage at Ship Island to the anchorage basin at Gulfport, this basin to be 19 feet deep, 1,320 feet wide, and 2,640 feet long; and for securing such additional depth in the channel and basin, not exceeding 23 feet, as may be obtained by the operation of a Government-owned dredge. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range here is about 13/4 feet and the extreme tidal range is about 31/2 feet. The latest estimate of cost, approved December 31, 1898, for new work on Ship Island Pass Channel was $40,000. Due to indefinite nature of the project there has been no approved estimate of cost for new work under the existing project for the Gulfport Channel and Anchorage Basin. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $12,500 for the Ship Island Pass Channel and $125,000 for the Gulfport Channel and Anchorage Basin. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, provided for securing a channel through Ship Island Pass (H. Doc. No. 120, 55th Cong., 3d sess.) ; the act of March 2, 1907, provided for joining the improve- ment of Ship Island Pass and Gulfport Basin and Channel in a common project; the act of February 27, 1911, authorized the transfer of a dredge and its repair at a cost of not exceeding $60,000 and its operation in maintaining the Gulfport Channel and Basin and ob- taining such additional depth therein as funds would permit (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 2, 60th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of January 21, 1927, authorized the Chief of Engineers to relocate the channel across Ship Island Bar at such point as may be deemed most desirable in the interest of economy and navigation. The latest published map is in House Document No. 692, Sixty-ninth Congress, second session. Recommended modiflcaitions of project.-Under date of January 31, 1927, the Chief of Engineers recommended modification of the existing project for Gulfport Harbor, Miss., so as to provide for a channel 27 feet deep and 300 feet wide across Ship Island Bar, for a channel 26 feet deep and 220 feet wide through Mississippi Sound, and for a depth of 26 feet in the anchorage basin at Gulfport, at an estimated cost of $200,000 for new work and $185,000 annually for maintenance. (See H. Doc. No. 692, 69th Cong., 2d sess.) Lodal cooperation.-None required by law. The Gulf & Ship Island Railroad Co., however, expended about $1,603,594.53 for the formation and maintenance by dredging of the Gulfport Channel and Anchorage Basin and received from the United States the con- tract price of $150,000. The sum of $100,000 has been appropriated by the State of Missis- sippi, the county of Harrison, and the city of Gulfport, of which $50,000 was expended for the construction of a creosoted-pile and stone breakwater to the south of the anchorage basin, $28,061.73 for maintenance and improvement dredging in the Mississippi Sound Channel and the remainder, amounting to $21,938.27, for dredging outside the limits of the project and adjacent to the anchorage basin. 858 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Terminal facilities.-The municipal wharf, located on the north side of the basin, provides a dockage length of 200 feet and is open to the public without charge. It is connected with the city by an improved highway. The Gulf & Ship Island Railroad wharf, located on the west side of the basin, provides a dockage of 850 feet. These two wharves have no facilities for handling freight. The Gulf & Ship Island Railroad pier, located on the east side of the basin, provides an available dockage of 3,800 feet. This terminal has connection with the city streets and is provided with an electric coal hoist and a steam crane for handling freight. It and the rail- road wharf, on the west side of basin, are open to the public without charge, but a transfer charge is made on carload shipments from connecting lines. There is a fresh-water storage pond, embracing 5.8 acres, located north of the basin and connected thereto by a con- crete flume. Timber is stored in this pond for future shipment. During the season when the teredo is not active timber is also stored behind a boom in the north end of the basin, and later rafted to ship side and loaded directly from the water. This permits of storage in advance of arrival of ships and allows simultaneous loading from pier and water.. Existing terminals are considered adequate for present commerce. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 19, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of improvement has been to make water transportation easier and better and has resulted in affording a reduction in rail freight rates between Gulfport and seaboard cities of the Atlantic coast, and in affording water freight rates from points on the Gulf & Ship Island Railroad to foreign ports. Operation and results during the fiscal yeat.-All work on this project, consisting of maintenance dredging in Mississippi Sound, Ship Island Pass Channel and Anchorage Basin, was done by hired labor with United States plant; 5,958,990 cubic yards were removed over a distance of 87,000 feet and an average width of 285 feet. The total cost for maintenance .was $220,458.09. The total expenditures were $192,182.71. Condition at end of fiecal year.--All work on this improvement has consisted of dredging. The existing project for Ship Island Pass was completed in the calendar year 1900. The Mississippi Sound Channel and Anchorage Basin were completed to the maxi- mum project dimensions during the calendar year 1924. The con- trolling depths at mean low water, ascertained during June, 1928, were as follows: Ship Island Bar Channel, 25 feet; Mississippi Sound Channel, 22 feet; anchorage basin 23 feet. The total costs under the existing project from United States funds are as follows: For new work, $102,818.15; for maintenance, $1,617,070.91; a total of $1,719,889.06. The total expenditures were $1,710,092.68. Additional expenditures were made from contributed funds as follows: For new work, $28,755.24; for maintenance, $71,244.76; a total of $100,000. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1928, amounting to $135,477.72, for maintenance work as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 859 Operation of one 20-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge about 5 months in the Mississippi Sound Channel and Anchorage Basin, including care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, surveys, etc---------- $100, 000. 00 Operation of 1 hopper dredge about 1 month in the Ship Island Pass Channel, including care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, surveys, etc------------------------------------------------- 25, 000. 00 Payment of outstanding liabilities July 1, 1928-------------- 9, 796. 38 Contingencies -------------------------------------------------- 681. 34 Total --- ------------------------------------ __ 135, 477. 72 It is believed that the above funds will be exhausted June 30, 1929, expenditures during active operations for the pipe-line and hopper dredges being at the rates of $20,000 and $25,000 per month, respectively. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 ($50,000), will be applied to operation of one 20-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge about 21/2 months in the Missis- sippi Sound Channel, including care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, surveys, etc. Commercial statistics.-The total commerce for Gulfport Harbor during the past five years is given below: Comparative statement Calendar year Short tdns Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1923---------------------- 460, 462 $11, 131, 081 1926----------------------- 463, 516 $9, 657, 196 1924-_--_------ ----- 428,868 9,172, 987 1927---------- 619,971 _---------- 13,668, 433 1925__ 603, 722 '13, 493, 733 No freight in transit or ferry traffic, and no passengers. The commerce during 1927 consisted principally of lumber and timber, fertilizer, cottonseed cake, and creosote oil, and the pro- portion in tonnage of these items to the total tonnage is as follows: Lumber and timber, 87.3 per cent; fertilizer materials, 6.4 per cent; cottonseed cake, 1.5 per cent; creosote oil, 2.1 per cent. The usual limits of loaded drafts of the vessels carrying these principal articles of commerce were from 5 to 23 feet. Practically the entire amount of commerce of Gulfport Harbor was carried over the improved sections, although there was a suffi- cient depth before improvement to have handled a portion of it. There has been no recent change in the nature of commerce due to the improvement. Two lines of transportation were established and none abandoned during the year. The increase in commerce of Gulfport Harbor during 1927 as compared with the previous year was due chiefly to the increased activity in the lumber business. Cost and financwil summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928----------------------------- 269. 017. 92 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928--1, 973, 521. 57 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928----------- 2, 242, 539. 49 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928-11111111111111111111_ 9, 796. 38 Net total expenditures-_--------- 2, 232, 743. 11 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928- -- --- ------ 135, 477. 72 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 ...- .... 2, 368, 220. 83 860 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 2 8 Fiscal year ending June 30 11924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work..----------------_ - --- ------------------- .I.--- . . ...... --- ..-.---- ..- ----------- " $220,45809 ----------- Cost of maintenance--- ......------------------- Total expended 106, 283.12 $138,260.91 $138,092.38 $------------------ $91,146.47 71 192,182. Allotted-.-----------.--------------- 100, 000.00 130, 000.00 61,000.00 120, 000 00 100, 371. 60 Balance unexpended July 1. 192:7. $227. 288. 83 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928----------------------- $70. 000. OO Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927----------------- 48, 850. 60 118, 850. G6 Amount to be accounted for_-------------------------- --- 346, 139. 43 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment 479. 00 1-----------------8, Net amount to be accounted for - 327, 660. 43 Gross amount expended---------------------------$210, 671.71 Less receipts from sales-------------------- ------ 18. 489. 00 192, 182. 71 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 135, 477. 72 -- Outstanding liabilities June 30, 192& - 9, 796. 38 Balance available June 30. 1928 -- - --- 125, 681. 34 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year einding June 30, 1930, for maintenance ' 50. )00. 00 0. PASCAGOULA RIVER, MISS. Locatio and description.-The Pascagoula River is formed by the confluence ,of the Leaf andb Chickasahay Rivers near Merrill, ,in the southeastern part of Mississippi, and empties into Mississippi Sound at Pascagoula. The flow is southerly. The section of the Pasca- goula under improvement is 82.1 miles long from its source to the mouth of Dog River, 6.8 miles above the mouth of the Pascagoula River on Mississippi Sound. The total drainage area, including its tributaries, is 8,750 square miles; mean low-water discharge at Mer- rill, 1,960 second-feet, and for a stage of 10 feet above mean low water, 16,634 second-feet; fall per mile for characteristic sections, 0.58 foot and average width between banks at low water, 305 feet. A low-water stage exists from July to November, inclusive. During the remainder of the year a greatly fluctuating high-water stage exists, with rapid current. At low water the current is sluggish. The river is tidal for 39 miles above the mouth. (See U. S. Geologi- cal Survey map of Mississippi.) Original conditio.-The section of the Pascagoula River under improvement was navigable only during high water, the minimum width and depth of channel at mean low water being 60 feet and 1 foot, respectively. Previous projects.-The original project for the Pascagoula River was adopted June 14, 1880, and also included improvement of the bar 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS MOBILE, ALA., DISTRIOT 861 at the mouth, described in the report on Pascagoula Harbor. Prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1886 the cost was $15,000, all charged to new work. The total expenditures were $15,000. (For further details of previous projects see p. 1845 of Annual Report for 1915.) Eceistig project.-This provides only for the maintenance of the channel above the mouth of the Dog or Escatawpa River, a distance of 82.1 miles, by the removal of obstructions from time to time. The mean and extreme tidal variations at the mouth are about 1/2 and 4 feet, respectively. The ordinary and extreme fluctuations at Merrill, due to floods, are 19.4 and 26.2 feet, respectively. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor acts of August 5, 1886, and included dredging at the mouth of the river. The act of March 3, 1899, limited the improvement to the section above the mouth of Dog River, and appropriations since have been made accordingly. This project is based on an examination, for report of which see Annual Report for 1879, page 835. For the latest published map see House Document No. 1723, Sixty-fourth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effedt of inprovement. The improvement has reduced difficulties to navigation and facilitated the transportation of timber products. Freight rates by rail and by water have not been affected, as there is no competition with railroads and no established transportation lines using the waterway. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No work was done, none being necessary for the small commerce handled. Cost during the fiscal year, amounting to $30.47, charged to maintenance, was for district office expense. The total expenditures were $30.47. Condition at end of the fiscal year.-The controlling depth at mean low water is 7 feet from the mouth of Dog River to Dead Lake, 32 miles, and 3 feet in the remaining 50 miles of the project section above Dead Lake. The total cost under the existing project to June 30, 1928, all for maintenance, is $100,027.33. The total expenditures were $100,027.33. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1928, amounting to $7,256.47, for maintenance work, as follows: Operation of 1 snag boat about 1 month, including proportional cost of care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, etc----____________ $3, 000. 00 Contingencies ------------------------------- --------------------- 756. 47 Balance available for fiscal year 1930----------------------------- 3, 500. 00 Total ---------------------------------------------------- 7, 256. 47 It is believed that the above funds will be exhausted June 30, 1930, expenditures during active operations being at the rate of $3,000 per month. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, as the above balance will be sufficient for any work during that year. 862 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Cornnercalstatistics.-The total commerce for this section of river for the past five years is given below: Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1923..................--------------------- 42,113 $189, 082 1926--------------------142, 393 $373, 733 1924.--------------- ----- 49,879 310, 804 1927...................-------------------- 112,454 524,719 1925--------------------150,793 582,035 No passengers carried. During the calendar year 1927, 86.1 per cent of the commerce on this portion of the river consisted of logs and" 13.9 per cent consisted of pulpwood, all of which were barged. The usual limits of loaded drafts of boats carrying logs and pulpwood were from 2 to 6 feet. The decrease of commerce during 1927, as compared with the year 1926, is attributed to the decreased activity of the lumber mills in this locality. No lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the year 1927. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928------------------------------ $15, 000.00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 ------------- __-____ 100, 027. 33 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------ 115, 027. 33 Net total expenditures--------------------------------------- 115, 027.33 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928-------------------------------7, 250. 47 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928--- ________--122, 283. 80 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work- Cost of maintenance---------.........--------------------- --- ---------..... $30.47 Total expended-..................-------- ...-------------- $3,495. 87 $450.30 -- $82. 50 30. 47 Allotted-----------------------------4,000.00 $3,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 $7, 286. 94 Gross amount expended------------------- ----------------------- 30. 47 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928_______________--------- 7,256. 47 10. BILOXI HARBOR, MISS. Location and description.-This harbor is located on the M1issis- sippi Sound in the southeastern part of the State of Mississippi. It is 32 miles by water from Pascagoula Harbor, Miss., on the east, and 14 miles from Gulfport Harbor, Miss., on the west. The im- provement consists of a dredged channel in the sound, 11/4 miles long, which provides an entrance to the harbor along the south water front of the city of Biloxi. This channel is protected on the north and east by the mainland and Deer Island, respectively, but exposed on the south and west to local disturbances in the Mississippi Sound. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1267.) 1RIVERS iAND iYARBORS-. MOBILE, ALAi. DISTRICT 868 Original condition.-There was a minimum usable depth of 4 feet at mean low water over a width of about one-quarter of a mile:. Previous projects,-The original project was adopted; by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882, but no funds were expended there- under. Work under the existing project, adopted by the river and harbor act of 'July 5, 1884, was begun September 12, 1887. (For further details of previous projects see p. 1846 of Annual Report for 1915.) Existing project.-This provides for the formation of a channel 8 feet deep at mean low water and 150 feet wide, from the 8-foot con- tour in Mississippi Sound to the pocket of deeper water forming the south water front of the city of Biloxi, Miss., a distance of about 11/4 miles. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range here is about 13/4 feet and the extreme tidal range is about 31/2 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1882, was $55,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 5, 1884 (S. Ex. Doc. 'No. 131, 47thCong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1882, p. 1322). The latest published map of this locality may be found in House Document No. 754, Sixty-ninth Congress, second session. Recommended mnodifications of project.-Under date of February 18, 1927, the Chief of Engineers recommended modification of the existing project for Biloxi Harbor, Miss., so as to provide for a channel west of Deer Island, 10 feet deep and 150 feet wide, from the 10-foot contour in Mississippi Sound to the south water front of the city of Biloxi, and thence north of Deer Island to deep water in Back Bay of Biloxi, at an estimated cost of $82,000, with $18,500 annually for maintenance, subject to the provisions that local inter- ests shall construct a public terminal adequate for coastwise traffic and contribute $30,000 toward the first cost of the improvement. (See H. Doc. No. 754, 69th Cong., 2d sess.) Local cooperation.-None. Termninal facilities.-There are no publicly owned terminals at this harbor and none are required, as the commerce is very small and con- sists almost entirely of fish, oysters, and shrimp obtained in local waters and handled over a number of very poorly constructed, light timber wharves owned by private parties but available to the public without charge. These are considered adequate for the present small commerce, the nature of which does not demand wharves for public use. Space is available, however, to meet any future demand that may arise. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Apparently there has been little effect on freight rates. Commerce has, however, been directly benefited, as navigation has been made easier and better and larger boats can enter the harbor. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done. The cost was $123.33 for district office and inspections, all for mainte- nance. The total amount expended was $123.33. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1893 at a saving of $10,618 under the estimated cost. All work on this improvement has consisted of dredging, and the costs 14710--ENG 1928-55 864 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 since its completion have been charged to maintenance. The con- trolling depth at mean low water, ascertained June, 1928, was 5.5 feet. The total cost under the existing project to June 30, 1928, were as follows: For new work, $44,382.27; for maintenance, $72,985.81; a total of $117,368.08. The total expenditures were $117,368.08. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1928, amounting to $7,264.19, for maintenance work, as follows: Operation of one 24-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge about one-third month, including care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, sur- veys, etc ---------------------------------------- ----- $6, 700. 00 Contingencies------------------------ ---- ------------------ 564. 19 Total---------------------------------------------7, 264. 19 It is believed that the above funds will be exhausted June 30, 1929, expenditures during active operations for the 24-inch pipe-line dredge being at the rate of $20,000 per month. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, as no dredging is believed necessary to meet the needs of commerce and navigation. Commercial statistics.-The total commerce for Biloxi Harbor during the past five years is given below: Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1923_,-------------------- 61, 276 $1, 350, 000 1926.....--------------.. _ 161, 592 $2, 660, 500 1924 141,265 2,558,687 1927__----------------- ____..........-------------- 177,875 3, 885, 517 1925_ . 142, 612 ....---------------- 2,193, 627 No passengers carried. The commerce during 1927 consisted principally of sea foods, forest products, and ice. The proportion in tonnage of each of thee items to the total tonnage is as follows: Sea foods, 63 per cent; forest products, 26.6 per cent; ice, 5.4 per cent. The usual limits of loaded drafts of the boats carrying these principal items of com- merce were from 2 to 8 feet. Practically the entire amount of com- merce of Biloxi Harbor wad carried over the improved sections, although there was before the improvement a sufficient depth to have handled a portion of it. There has been no recent change in the nature of the commerce due to the improvement. No lines of trans- portation were established or abandoned during the past year. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928--------------------------$44, 382. 27 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928_-------------- -1 __ 72, 985. 81 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------ 117, 368. 08 Net total expenditures,-------------- --------- 117, 368.08 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928---------------------------- 7, 264. 19 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-------------- 124, 632. 27 RIVERS AND IIARBORS---MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 865 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work----....--- ----------- ------------------------------------ ... Cost of maintenance-...............---------------.-------......-- -------------------------------- $123.33 Total expended---- _-------------------- $454. 45 $4, 623. 99 $424. 05 $4, 151. 83 123. 33 _____------------------ Allotted----------- 6,000.00 ---------------------- __------------ 6,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927---------------------------- $1, 387.52 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928 ------------------------------------------- 6, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for------------------------------7, 387. 52 Gross amount expended 23. 33 1----------------------- Balance unexpended June 30, 1928------------------------- 7, 264. 19 11. WOLF AND JORDAN RIVERS, MISS. Location and descriptibn.-Thisimprovement, located in the south- eastern part of the State of Mississippi, consists of dredged channels 1.6 and 2 miles long, respectively, at the mouths of Wolf and Jordan Rivers, tributaries of Bay St. Louis. It is 24 miles by water from Gulfport, Miss., on the east, and 54 miles from New Orleans, La. (via the inside route through Lake Borgne, Lake Pontchartrain, and the Industrial Canal), on the west. Both channels are protected. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1268.) Original condition.-There was a minimum usable depth at mean low water across the bar at the mouth of Wolf River of 3 feet over a width of about 500 feet, and across the bar at the mouth of Jordan River the minimum usable depth at mean low water was 4 feet over a width of about 400 feet. Previous project.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging, at the mouths of these streams, channels 7 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide, extending from the 6-foot contour in Bay St. Louis to the 7-foot contour in each stream. The length of the dredged channel at the mouth of Wolf River is about 1.6 miles and at the mouth of Jordan River about 2 miles. Under ordinary conditions' the mean tidal range here is about 13/4 feet, and the extreme tidal range is about 31/2 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1906, was $30,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 917, 59th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modificattions of projects--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are no terminal facilities and none are required, as this' project is for dredging channels through bars at the mouths of Wolf and Jordan Rivers, Miss. The commerce pass- ing through these channels is small and consists principally of forest products obtained along the above-mentioned streams and which are handled directly from the shore to boats. This method is satisfac- tory for the amount and character of commerce. (For a full descrip- 866 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 tion of terminal facilities see House Document No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Rail freight rates have not been affected, as there is no competition between rail and water transportation. Commerce has, however, been directly benefited, as navigation has been made easier and better and larger boats can now cross the bars at the mouths of these streams. Operations and results during fiscal year.--No work was done. Cost, amounting to $71, all charged to maintenance, was for examina- tion of channels, office. expenses, etc. The total expenditures were $30.31. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1908 at a saving of $805 under the estimated cost. All work on this improvement consisted of dredging, and expenditures since its completion have been applied to mainteriance. The controlling depths at mean low water in these channels, ascertained during June, 1.928, are as follows: Wolf River, 3.7 feet; Jordan River, 6.5 feet. The total cost under the existing. project to June 30, 1928, was as follows: For new work, $29,195.19; for maintenance, $27,630.36; a total of $56,825.55. The total expenditures, $56,784.86. Proposed operaltions.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1928, amounting to $169.69, to examinations of chan- nel, office expenses, etc., during the fiscal years ending June 30, 1929, and June 30, 1930. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, as no dredging is believed necessary to meet the needs of commerce and navigation. Commercial statistics. The total commerce for Wolf and Jordan Rivers during the past five years is given below. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1923---------------------................. 17,678 $531,513 1926 __.------------------ 45,636 $805,464 1924--------------------- 13, 294 328, 610 _---- 1927--------------- 13, 772 215, 236 1925 ........---------------- 105,122 2,132, 755 No passengers carried. The commerce during 1927 consisted principally of pulp wood and oyster shells, which constituted 74.4 and 11.1 per cent, respectively, of the total commerce handled. The usual limits of loaded drafts of the boats carrying these principal items of commerce were from 4 to 6 feet. The entire amount of commerce was carried over the improved sections of these waterways, although there existed before improve- ment a sufficient depth to have handled a portion of it. There has been no recent change in the nature of the commerce due to the improvement, and no lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the past year. The decrease in commerce on these waterways for 1927 as compared with the previous year is attributed to decreased activities of the ]umber mills in this locality. RIVERS AND HARBORS MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT L87: Cost and financia summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928------------------------ $29, 195. 1 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928_______ ______-_________ 27, 630. 36 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928$_-__-____ 56, 825. 55 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928 ------------------------------- 40.,69 Net total expenditures------------------------------------ 56, 784. 86 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928--------___ ___________________ 169.69 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 192811111111111 56, 954. 55 Fiscal year ending June 30 ..--. --------- 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work .........-.. __ Cost of maintenance........----------------------------------------------- $71.00 Total expended------------------------- $136. 06 - 9199 $__ $63. 98 30. 31 Allotted... ... ---------- -------------------------------------- 200. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 $200. 00 Gross amount expended------------------------ ------------------- 30. 31 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928----------------------------169. 69 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928----------------------------- 40. 69 Balance available June 30, 1928------------------------------129. 00 12. EAST PEARL RIVER, MISS. Location and description.-This improvement, which consists of a dredged channel 1.3 miles long, is located in Lake Borgne at the mouth of East Pearl River, which forms the boundary line between the States of Louisiana and Mississippi. It is 35 miles by water from Gulfport Harbor, Miss., on the east and 43 miles from New Orleans, La. (via the inside route through Lake Borgne, the Rigolets, Lake Pontchartrain, and the industrial canal), on the west. The channel is protected on the north and west by the mainland, on the east by islands, but exposed on the south to local disturbances in Lake Borgne. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1268.) Original condition.-There was a minimum usable depth of about 7 feet at mean low water over a width of about 1,000 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 5, 1884. No work was done, and it was modi- fied by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899. Prior to com- mencement of work on December 15, 1910, under the existing project adopted June 25, 1910, the cost was $28,199.80, all charged to new work. The total expenditures were $28,199.80. For further details of previous project see page 1846 of Annual Report for 1915. Exmisting project.-This provides for restoring at the mouth of East Pearl River the former project depth of 9 feet at mean low water over a width of 200 feet, thereby connecting the 9-foot con- tour in Lake Borgne with the same contour in East Pearl River, a distance of about 1.3 miles. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range here is about 134 feet, and the extreme tidal range is about 31/2 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1907 868" REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 was $34,000, exclusive of amount expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 328, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map of this locality may be found in House Document No. 206, Fifty-fourth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of projecI.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are no terminal facilities, and none are required, as this project provides for restoring a depth of 9 feet at the mouth of East Pearl River, Miss. The commerce passing through this channel is small and consists principally of lumber and timber obtained along this stream and the east shore of Lake Pontchartrain, La., and barges of the Mississippi-Warrior Service operating between Mobile and New Orleans when it is impracticable or impossible to navigate the east end of the Rigolets. Freight is handled directly from the shore to boats, and this method is thought to be satisfactory for the amount and character of commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Rail freight rates have not been affected, as there is no competition between rail and water transportation. Commerce has, however, been directly benefited, as navigation has been made easier, and larger boats can now cross the bars at the mouth of this stream. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done. Cost amounting to $99.59, all charged to maintenance, was made for examinations of channel, office expenses, etc. The total expenditures were $58.90. Condition at end of -scal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1911 at a saving of $24,072 under the estimated cost. All work on this improvement has consisted of dredging, and cost since its completion has been applied to maintenance. The controlling depth ascertained during June, 1928, was 7.5 feet at mean low water. The total cost under the existing project to June 30, 1928, is as fol- lows: For new work, $8,928.13; for maintenance, $22,669.96; a total of $31,598.09. The total expenditures were $31,557.40. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1928, amounting to $417.70, to examinations of chan- nel, office expenses, etc., during the fiscal years ending June 30, 1929, and June 30, 1930. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June .30, 1930, as no dredging is believed necessary to meet the needs of commerce and navigation. Commercial statistics.-The total commerce for East Pearl River during the past five years is given below: Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1923_-- _ --- - -98, 715 $1, 100, 406 1926_-- .....------- - 30, 786 $580, 340 1924 ......... .. 115, 822 2, 132, 939 1927 ........ _- _-..... 32, 264 964, 596 1925--- ....... - 42, 079 ...... 863, 792 No passengers carried. RIVERS AND HARBORS MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 869 The commerce during 1927 consisted entirely of lumber and pulp- wood. The proportion in tonnage of each of these items to the total tonnage is as follows: Lumber, 99.5 per cent; pulpwood, 0.5 per cent. The usual limits of loaded drafts of the boats carrying these principal articles of commerce were from 6 to 8 feet. The entire amount of commerce of East Pearl River was carried over the im- proved section, although there was before improvement a sufficient' depth to have handled a portion of it. There has been no recent change in the nature of the commerce due to the improvement, and no lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the past year. The increase in commerce during 1927 as compared with the previous year is attributed to an increase in the activities of the sawmills on the river. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 $37, 127. 93 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928___11111111111111 22, 669. 96 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928_............ 59, 797. 89 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928------------------------- -- 40. 69 Net total expenditures___-------- ___ 59, 757. 20 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928--------------------_------- 417. 70 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928---- _6-- ___--60, 174. 90 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work....------------------- ----------------------------------- Cost of maintenance ----------------------------------------------------------- $99. 59 Total expended_........................... $221.67 $160.79 $25.60 $23.40 58.90 .------------ ..............----------------------.... Allotted.............----- 25.60 500. 00 .... Balance unexpended July 1, 1927___ --------------- $476. 60 Gross amount expended --------- 58. 90 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 .. __-_- __- __..__ 417.70 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 192.8-- -------------------------- 40. 69 Balance available June 30, 1928 ______________-----_ 377. 01 13. REMOVING THE WATER HYACINTH, MOBILE RIVER, ALA., TRIBUTARIES Loction and description.The water hyacinth is a floating aquatic plant which infests numerous fresh-water streams tributary to the South Atlantic and Gulf coasts. It propagates from the seeds and suckers, spreads quickly in most localities, and may cause entire sus- pension of navigation if not removed. This plant thrives during the spring and fall of the year, when sediment is carried into the streams by rains. It is killed by salt water, and the tops are killed and growth retarded by winter frosts. In recent years 'the plant has become very obstructive to navigation in One Mile and Three Mile Creeks, Ala., short tributaries of Mobile River, which empty into the latter 1 and 3 miles, respectively, above its mouth and just above the port of Mobile. In Chickasaw Creek and Bayou Sara, also short 870 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 tributaries flowing into Mobile River, 4 and 81/3 miles, respectively, above 'Mobile, Ala., and in Dog River, Ala., which empties into Mobile Bay from the west about 8 miles from its north end, the hyacinths exist in limited quantities sufficient to warrant removal. Original condition. The most reliable information indicates that .the hyacinths first appeared in this locality about the year 1903. Its spread has not been as rapid as in some other localities, due, it is thought, to the fact that during the dry season the waters of these tidal streams are sufficiently salty to retard their growth. Previous projects.--None. Existing project.-This provides for the extermination or removal of plants from the navigable waters of the States of Florida, Ala- bama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas, so far as they are or may become an obstruction to navigation, by any mechanical, chemical, or other means whatsoever; for the construction and operation of boats equipped with suitable machinery for such removal; and for the construction and operation of log booms to prevent the drifting of plants from one stream to another. The estimated cost adopted in 1899 was $25,000 each for two boats, $10,000 for operation in each district, and $1,000 for the establishment of booms. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $4,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, made appropriations for the States of Florida and Louisiana and provided for the extermination or removal of plants, the building of boats, and the establishment of booms (H. Doc. No. 91, 55th Cong., 3d sess.); the act of June 13, 1902, authorized the use of any mechanical, chemical, or other means whatsoever; the act of March 3, 1905, made the appropriation avail- able for the State of Texas; the acts of March 3, 1905, and March 2, 1907, in making appropriations for Florida, provided that no chemi- cal process injurious to cattle which may feed upon the water hya- cinth shall be used; the act of July 25, 1912, made the appropria- tion available for the State of Mississippi, and also made available for use in that State the operating plant pertaining to the work in Louisiana; and the act of July 27, 1916, made the appropriation available for the State of Alabama. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local ooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None required. Effect of improvement.No change in rail or water freight rates has resulted from this improvement. The commerce has been di- rectly benefited, as navigation has been made easier and better. No increase in commerce has resulted from the improvement. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-Spraying operations by hired labor and United States plant were carried on in Three Mile Creek, Chickasaw Creek, Greenwood Bayou, Hog Bayou, and Dog River, Ala., resulting in the removal of 277,400 square yards of hyacinths, at a total cost of $2,067.29, all for maintenance. The total amount expended was $2,038.55. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The project is for maintenance. All work under this improvement consisted of spraying hyacinths on streams of such commercial importance as to justify improvement, and, as a result, unobstructed navigation has been maintained. The RIVERS AND HARBORS MOBILE, ALA., DISTRIOT 871 total cost under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year amounted to $21,701.91 for maintenance. The total expenditure was $21,752.94. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1928, amounting to $7,797.06, for the spraying of hyacinths in One Mile Creek, Three Mile Creek, Chickasaw Creek and tributaries, Bayou Sara, and Dog River, Ala., as follows: Operation of 1 launch and barge equipped with spraying outfit about 3 months, including care and upkeep of plant, examinations, office expenses, etc---------- -------------------------------- $3,750. 00 Payment of outstanding liabilities July 1, 1928 ___- __-- ----- 28. 74 Contingencies ---------------------------------------------- 268. 32 Balance available for fiscal year 1930--------------------------3, 750. 00 Total -- ---------------------------------- 7, 797. 06 It is estimated that the above funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1930, expenditures during active operations being at the rate of $1,250 per month. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, as the above balance will be sufficient. Cost and financila summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928___ Cost .of maintenance to June 30, 1928 .-- __..----.--------- $21, 701. 91 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928_-------------- 79. 77 Net total cost to June 30, 1928 ------------------------- 21, 781.68 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928__ __-_____------28. 74 Net total expenditures--- ______----- - -__--- - -__ 21, 752. 94 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928__- ---- --------- 7, 797. 06 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 __---________ 29, 550. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost ofnew work -.......................... Cost of maintenance..... - ------------------------------------- $2, 067.29 ------ -$-------------- Total expended ..................... $5, 115.31 $2,998.46 $3, 575.29 $70.02 2,038. 55 ----- --------------- Allotted..........--- 6,400.00 7, 500.00 5,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 ----------------------------- $9, 835. 61 Gross amount expended----------------------------------- 2, 038. 55 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928_ 7,797. 06 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928---------------------------- 28.74 Balance available June 30, 1928__----- __---------- - 7, 768. 32 STATEMENT OF APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPENDITURES ON WORK OF RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENT TO JUNE 30, 1928, IN THE MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT Appropriations (,or allotments) : Seacoast harbors 551, 474. 95 $---------------------------------16, Internal waterways 931, 326. 04 1---------------------7, Expenditures (exclusive of receipts from sales, etc.) New work--------------- - --- 9, 508, 319. 12 1------ Maintenance --- . _--------------- -- 8, 200,721.49 Operating and care of canals, etc --- ----- 5, 739, 144. 41 872 REPonR OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S.' ARMY, 1928 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITI THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED JANUARY 21, 1927 Reports on preliminary examinations required by the river and harbor act of January 21, 1927, of the following localities within this district, were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pur- suant to law, and were transmitted to Congress but have not yet been printed: 1. Preliminary examination of Tombigbee River, Miss.-Report dated October 18, 1927, was transmitted to Congress February 7, 1928. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. 2. Preliinary examination of Fowl River, Ala., with a view to securing a navigable channel of 8 feet depth and suitable width from Mobile Bay to a point about 1 mile above the highway bridge on the Cedar Point Road. Report dated July 26, 1927, was trans- mitted to 'Congress January 13, 1928. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor act of January 21, 1927, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Soldier Creek, Alai. 2. Three Mile Creek from Mobile River to the Industrial Canal, Ala. REPORT MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RESOLUTION OF THE COMMITTEE ON RIVERS AND HARBORS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By resolution dated April 13, 1928, a review of reports on Mobile Harbor, Ala., printed in House Document No. 1763, Sixty-fourth Congress, second session, was requested. Report thereon was trans- mitted to the committee and printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 10, Seventieth Congress, first session. Recommenda- tion is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a basin 100 feet wide and about 2,000 feet long, extending along the westerly side of the main ship channel and including the present quarantine station at Sand Island, at as estimated cost of $22,000, with $8,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT The district embraces the southern part of Louisiana, from Pearl River on the east to Sabine River on the west, and south of Red River, including the Passes of the Mississippi River and that portion of the river between New Orleans and Baton Rouge, La., in so far as the removal of shoals obstructive to navigation is concerned. District engineer: Maj. Malcolm Elliott, Corps of Engineers, to October 24, 1927. Capt. Lewis A. Pick, acting district engineer, to January 21, 1928, and district engineer since that date. RIVERS AND HARBORS NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 873 Division engineer: Col. W. P. Wooten, Corps of Engineers, to July 30, 1927; Col. H. B. Ferguson, Corps of Engineers, from Janu- ary 18, 1928, to May 24, 1928, and Brig. Gen. T. H. Jackson, Corps of Engineers, to June 14, 1928. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Southwest Pass, Mississippi 19. Operating and care of Key- River, La_____- --_-- 873- stone Lock, Bayou Teche, 2. South Pass Channel, Missis- La ------------------ 916 sippi River, La. (mainte- 20. Atchafalaya River, Morgan nance) ____-_-__-_- 880 City to the Gulf of Mex- 3. Examinations and surveys _. _ ico, La--------------- 917 at South Pass, Mississippi 21. The Louisiana and Texas In- River, La-_______- 885 tracoastal Waterway, from 4. Mississippi River between the Mississippi River at or Baton Rouge and-New Or- near New Orleans, La., to leans, La 887 Corpus Christi, Tex. (New 5. Lake Pontchartrain, La___ 890 Orleans-Sabine River sec- 6. Chefuncte: River and Bogue tion) -- __-------------- 919 Falia, La ----------- 891 22. Operating and care of Har- 7. Bayou Bonfouca, La ...... 893 vey Canals and Lock_ ___ 925 8. Pass Manchac, La 895 23. Operating and care of Han- 9. Tickfaw, Natalbany, Poncha- son Canal, La _--------- 927 toula, and Blood Rivers, 24. Operating and care of La 896 Schooner Bayou Lock, La_ 928 10. Amite River and Bayou 25. Bayou Vermilion, La____ __ 929 Manchac, La_____ __. 896 26. Mermentau River, Bayou 11. Barataria Bay, La_______ 899 Nezpique, and Bayou Des 12. Bayou Lafourche, La ---- 902 Cannes, La __-__ --- _-- 932 13. Little Caillou Bayou, La 902 27. Bayou Queue de Tortue, La_ 933 14. Bayou Terrebonne, La 904 28. Bayou Plaquemine Brule, 15. Bayou Plaquemine, Grand La ------------------ 933 River and Pigeon Bayous, 29. Calcasieu River and Pass, La - 906 La------------------ 936 16. Bayou Grossetete, La ------ 910 30. Removing the water hya- 17. Bayou Teche, La _- 910 cinth, Louisiana._______ 939 18. Operating and care of Pla- quemine Lock, La __--.. 915 PASSES OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER Prior to 1917 South and Southwest Passes were improved and maintained under separate appropriations. The river and harbor act of July 27, 1916, and subsequent acts have appropriated funds in such manner as to make them available for either Pass. 1. SOUTHWEST PASS, MISSISSIPPI RIVER, LA. Location and description.-Southwest Pass is the westernmost of the mouths of the Mississippi River. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 1115 and 1116.) Its length from Head of Passes to the Gulf of Mexico is 19.8 miles. It flows in a generally south- west direction. Distance of outer end of Pass from New Orleans, La., is 114.3 statute miles; from Mobile, Ala., on the east, 160 statute miles; from Galveston, Tex., on the west, 330 statute miles. In the upper 11.5 miles (unimproved portion), the maximum width is 2,400 feet; minimum, 1,190 feet; average, 1,600 feet. In the lower 8.3 miles (improved portion) the width between contraction works is 1,750 feet. It is a tidal stream, but for about eight months of the 874 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 year is influenced by river floods. The discharge and fall of water surface vary from 0 during very low stages to about 400,000 second- feet and 0.20 foot per mile, respectively, during extreme floods. Average discharge during flood of 1927 was 39.7 per cent of the flow at Head of Passes. Original condition.-The Pass was obstructed by a bar at its mouth across which the channel had a depth of only 9 feet and a width of about 200 feet, while the remainder of the Pass had depths ranging from 26 to 83 feet at mean low water. The length before prolonga- tion by the jetties was 15 miles. Variation in water surface, due to river floods, was about 4 feet at the head, reducing to zero at the mouth. Previous projects--The first improvement of Southwest Pass was undertaken under authority of the river and harbor act of July 4, 1836. Subsequent appropriations were made by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1837; the river and harbor act of August 30, 1852; the act of July 8, 1856; the river and harbor act of March 2, 1867; and the act of March 3, 1873. The cost and expenditures prior to the adoption of the existing project June 13, 1902, were $924,- 988.53. For scope of improvements contemplated by above acts see page 1847, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel through Southwest Pass 1.000 feet wide and 35 feet deep. The general plan of improve- ment approved in April, 1923, provides for contracting the lower 8.3 miles of the pass to a width of 1,750 feet by means of jetties, spur dikes, and inner bulkheads; for dredging the channel between the bulkheads and depositing the dredged material between the bulk- heads and jetties; for dredging a channel through the outer bar inclining to the left of the jetty axis; for the construction of small revetted openings through the narrow portions of the banks of the pass for purpose of strengthening these banks; for closure of minor outlets not required for maintenance of the banks; for the construc- tion of sills to prevent the enlargement of The Jump and Cubits Gap; for dredging in the river at Head of Passes as far up as Cubits Gap, a distance of 3.5 miles; for the construction of a sill across the head of South Pass to limit the flow through that pass; for repairs to sill across Pass a l'Outre and bank revetment at Head of Passes; for construction of dikes with a view to reducing the width of the river above Head of Passes; for the construction of a submerged deflecting dike above the Head of Passes; and for other minor work. The plane of reference is mean low water. Average variation due to tides at the mouth is 16 inches, at the head 10 inches, affected by wind or other causes, and extreme tide is 28 inches. The east jetty is approximately 4.8 miles in length and the west jetty 3.8 miles. The jetties are composed of a substructure of brush mattresses, origi- nally built to about the elevation of mean low water, surmounted with a superstructure of concrete and large riprap. Spur dikes are composed of a cribwork of round piling filled with willows and stone or with a curtain of round piles along the upstream face. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1928, is $14,500,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $415,000 for a channel width of 500 feet and $680,000 for a width of 1,000 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 875 The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, and provides that the details of the work may be modified at the discretion of the Secretary of War. (See H. Doe. No. 329, 56th Cong., 1st sess.; Annual Report, 1900, p. 2287, et seq.) Act of May 28, 1908, authorized dredging in the river at the Head of Passes as far up as Cubits Gap. The act of March 3, 1909, made pio- vision for increasing the plant by addition of a large dredge. For report of the board of Engineer officers in 1916, see pages 2420-2426 of Annual Report for 1916. For latest chart, see page 2372 of Annual Report for 1920. Recommended modifeations of project. None. Local cooperation.-No local cooperation has been imposed by law. Terminal facilities.-The Board of Commissioners of the Port of New Orleans, an agency of the State of Louisiana, ordinarily re- ferred to as the dock board, owns and operates the majority of the terminal facilities of the port of New Orleans. The dock board operates on the banks of the river and in the nav!gation canal 38,553 linear feet (6,307,319 square feet) of wharves, of which 29,081 feet (4,423,497 square feet) are covered with steel sheds, the usual width of which is 175 feet. The dock board has three fruit landings equipped with 14 banana unloaders. Many large floating derricks, several locomotive cranes, the telpher system for sugar, stationary and portable conveyors and trucks for all commodities, special elevators for ore, sand, and gravel, and other economical devices are included in the commodity-handling equipment of the port. All port facilities are served by paved roadways and also by the Public Belt Railroad, a terminal switching facility, with a total of 93.51 miles of tracks, municipally owned and operated, which con- nects with all 12 trunk lines entering New Orleans. Other lines increase the total switching trackage to more than 200 miles within the port, with an estimated handling capacity of 3,000 cars per day. The board has constructed, at a cost of over $6,000,000, a modern public cotton-handling terminal, with a storage capacity of 461,856 high-density bales. There are three grain elevators, with a total combined storage capacity of 5,122,000 bushels, of which that of the dock board has a capacity of 2,622,000 bushels. At the latter elevator is located a marine leg unloader, with a capacity of 15,000 bushels per hour, and also a modern sacking plant. There has recently been completed a marine leg at the Stuyvesant Dock elevators, with a capacity cf 15,000 bushels per hour. The board has constructed an inner harbor navigation canal, which cost approximately $18,000,000. The canal is situated in the city of New Orleans, near its eastern boundary, and connects the Mississippi River with Lake Pontchartrain. The canal is 51/2 miles long, with a depth of 30 feet, referred to mean low Gulf level, and bottom widths of from 125 to 300 feet. Near the Mississippi River entrance is a reinforced concrete lock 640 feet inside length by 75 feet inside width, with 311/2 feet of water over the sills at low water in the Mississippi River. The dock board has constructed, at a cost of $1,600,000, on the Inner Harbor Navigation Canal, 1,500 feet north of the lock, a quay wharf 876 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 ofin reinforced concrete. The wharf, which was opened to commerce June, 1925, is 265 feet wide by 2,400 feet long, and is served on the front and rear by the Public Belt Railroad and suitable city streets. Among other important port facilities at New Orleans may be mentioned the following: Army supply base, built by the Federal Government, at a cost of nearly $15,000,000. The Army supply base comprises three 6-story reinforced concrete buildings, supported by a wharf and served by the Public Belt Railroad. Seven floating dry docks, the largest being the Navy dry dock, having a capacity of 16,000 tons, and the others with varying capaci- ties up to 10,000 tons. The public coal and bulk commodity-handling plant, with a coal- storage capacity of 25,000 tons. This plant is owned by the dock board and handles coal and various ores. Numerous tipples and colliers for handling coal and other com- modities. There are four railroad terminals on the Mississippi River with 12,215 linear feet of wharves, of which 10,286 linear feet are covered with sheds, affording 1,444,569 square feet of covered area. Wharves owned by various industrial plants on both sides of the river bring the total wharfage of the port to 10 miles. Most of port's wharves are covered with transit sheds, affording an area of over 8,000,000 square feet on which to handle cargo at ship side. The facilities of the port of New Orleans are considered adequate for its commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 5, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The available depth has been increased from 9 to 35 feet and 19 to 35 feet over bars at the sea entrance and at the Head of Passes, respectively. The improvement has rendered transportation by water easier. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-Operations during the year were confined to maintenance. Work by hired labor and United States plant consisted in removal of 1,325,619 cubic yards of material from the lower jetty and, bar channels, and 500,155 cubic yards from the entrance channel at the head of the pass, at a cost of $218,363.38, the expenditure being $161,411.38; maintenance of jetties, spur dikes, and other existing works of channel improve- ment, including construction of a pile and brush dam across Custom- house Bayou to replace the original structure, which was under- mined by erosion of the bay shore, at a cost of $67,259.94, the ex- penditure being $40,741.95; maintenance of wharves, moorings, and shore plant at Burrwood, including reraising the latter reservation to grade by hydraulic fill, at a cost of $80,363.80, the expenditure being $98,658.58; and surveys and examinations of channel and miscellaneous survey work, at a cost of $20,692.71, the expenditure being $27,660.64. The repair plant at Burrwood was operated throughout the year, the cost of which is charged to the major items of work. Work by contract consisted in construction of a Diesel motored district boat to replace the former inspection boat, at an expenditure of $65,883.85. The total cost of work performed during RIVERS AND HARBORS NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 877 the year was $386,679.83, all maintenance, and the total expended for this work was $93,377.27. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 93.1 per cent com- pleted. The jetties were completed to. present length in 1921. Each jetty foundation is 25,400 feet long and the portion above high water about 24,400 feet. Similar figures for west jetty are 19,960 and 19,000 feet, respectively. Extensive repairs were made to the jetty superstructure between 1915 and 1926. Inner bulkheads were com- pleted to present length in 1923. Their lengths are: East bulkhead, 22,822 feet; west bulkhead, 15,080 feet. A total of 28,500 linear feet of the bulkheads was protected from scour by means of brush mattresses and stone during the years 1917 to 1923, inclusive. During the period 1908 to 1923 mattresses were added to the sill at Head of Pass a l'Outre, mattress sills were placed across Cubits Gap and the Jump, 11 outlet bayous in the pass were closed, the old mattress still across head of Southwest Pass was removed, 53 spur dikes were constructed in the lower 9 miles of the pass, and 5 spur dikes and a submerged deflecting dike built at Head of Passes. All structures are in good condition, excepting some of the dikes between the bulk- heads and jetties, which are no longer needed. The amount dredged from between the bulkheads and deposited between the bulkheads and jetties amounts to 17,093,208 cubic yards. This work was done by United States plant during the years 1918 to 1925, inclusive. The total material removed from the lower 81/3 miles of the South- west Pass Channel by dredging, including the entrance channel from the Gulf, amounts to 77,651,671 cubic yards, and at the close of the year the remaining excavation necessary to secure a channel of proj- ect dimensions through this portion of the pass was 273,956 cubic yards. Similar quantities for previous years are, 1927, 218,005; 1926, 578,000; 1925, 703,000; 1923, 4,878,000 cubic yards. Channel conditions on June 30, 1928, were as follows: 35-foot channel Location Length of Central channel Mini- Average depths mum Average width width Miles Feet Feet Feet Entrance channel into the head of the pass----------.. ----- 1.0 900 1,200 38 to 46 Through the pass, from its head to sea ends of jetties .----------- 19. 4 700 1, 020 37 to 87 In the channel through the bar at mouth of pass- -- .8 450 800 35 to 46 A 35-foot channel, with an average width of nearly 1,000 feet and a least width generally of not less than 500 feet, was maintained throughout the year. Limiting channel conditions during the year obtained in the 7,000-foot stretch extending between and for a short distance beyond the jetties at their sea ends, where there was occa- sional encroachment of shoal water from the sides. During April, 1928, the 35-foot channel at this locality narrowed to 150 feet least width for a short period, but satisfactory conditions were shortly restored upon the rise of the river at the time, assisted by dredging. Seventy-two and six-tenths per cent of the dredging required during 878 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 the year was confined to this portion of the pass. There was no shoaling during the year of sufficient extent to reduce the available depth to less than 35 feet. The result of 20 sets of discharge measurements made at Head of Passes during this season's flood shows that Southwest Pass is now taking an average of 39.1 per cent of the combined flow of the three passes. " The similar figures for the past seven years are as follows: Per cent 1922 flood cycle-------------------------------- -- 41. 1 1923 flood cycle-----....----------------------------------- 36. 7 1924 flood cycle---------------------------------------- 37. 5 1925 flood cycle---------------------------------------- 39.4 1926 flood cyce----------------------------------- ----- 40.0 1927 flood cycle --------------------------- 39. 7 1928 flood cycle---------------------------------------- 39. 1 Controlling channel conditions at the close of the year were found in a short stretch of channel opposite the sea ends of the jetties, where the least width between 35-foot contours was 450 feet. On the whole, the condition of the channel throughout the year was very satisfactory and fully ample for the needs of commerce. A total of 6,687 seagoing vessels navigated the passes during the fiscal year. Of this number, 2,008 (30 per cent) used Southwest Pass and 4.679 (70 per cent) South Pass. Of the 2,008 vessels which navigated Southwest Pass, 475 drew 25 feet or more and 103 drew over 30 feet. The maximum draft during the year was 32' feet 6 inches. The work remaining to be done to complete the project consists in a relatively small amount of dredging and possible additional contraction dikes at the head of the pass and in a short stretch about 12 miles below the head. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year have been $20,509,464.19 and the total cost $20,112,- 684.68, of which $13,494,254.42 was for new work and $6,618,430.26, for maintenance. Proposed operations.-During the fiscal year 1929 it is proposed to use the balance unexpended July 1, 1928, for maintenance work under the project, as follows: Maintenance dredging in bar (lateral) and lower jetty channels, in entrance channel at Head of Passes, and in other localities where necessary, by U. S. dredge Bcnyaurd, or substitute, 12; months, at $21,000 per month$-------------------------------- 252, 000. 00, Ma ntenance of jetties, dikes, and other structures, surveys, and contingencies ------- _ _ _------------------- _ 190, 167. 58 Construction of two steel barges, about 120 feet by 30 feet by 7 feet, to replace wooden barges worn out in service, at $22,000 each ----------------------------------------------------- 44, 000. 00 Payment of outstanding liabilities and other obligations as of July 1, 1928 ------------------------------ 47, 518. 72 Total, maintenance _____________________________ -__ 533, 686. 30 It is expected that these operations will provide a channel suitable for the needs of commerce; that funds for the above work will be exhausted by June 30, 1929, and that the rate of expenditures will be- as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 879 First quarter------------------------------------------ $130, 000. 00 Second quarter--------------------------------- 140, 000. 00 Third quarter-------- ----------------------------------- 140,000. 00 Fourth quarter------------------------------------ ---- 123, 686. 30 Total, maintenance---- -------------------- 533, 686. 30 The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930 ($375,000) will be applied to maintenance work under the project, as follows: Maintenance dredging in bar (lateral) and lower jetty channels, in entrance channel at Head of Passes, and in other localities where necessary, by U. S. dredge Benyaurd, or substitute, about 10 months, at $21,000 per month-------------------------------------- $200, 000 Maintenance of jetties, dikes, and other structures, surveys, and con- tingencies ___ 175,000 Total, maintenance ------------------------------------ 375, 000 The status of channel development at Southwest Pass is now such that it is impracticable to anticipate the exact amount of dredging that will be required. While the estimates are, therefore, necessarily approximate, the experience of the past few years indicates that the above provisions will be ample to maintain a 35-foot channel suitable for the needs of commerce. Commercial statistics.--A comparative statement of foreign and domestic commerce for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Foreign Domestic Total 1 Cargoes in transit Calendar year Short vu Short Short V Short tons Value Value tons Value tons Value tons Value 1923 .--.......9, 239, 546 $473,165, 501 4, 385,166 $150, 381, 401 13, 624, 712 $623, 546, 902 2, 354, 634 $250, 471, 586 1924 .....-... 10, 669, 861 617, 725, 981 5, 306,440 163, 985, 147 15,976, 301 781, 711, 128 1,255, 865 126, 3C4, 360 355, 779 689, 298, 5 1925-..........11, 6,660,273 240,077, 384 18, 016,052 929, 375, 932 1,127,987 111, 692, 764 11, 599, 172 652, 590,201 7,363, 597 263, 998, 424 18, 962, 769 916, 588, 625 1,207, 718 95,951,996 1926-......... 11, 235, 813 583, 058, 965 5, 445, 665 i 217, 105, 122 16, 681, 478 800, 164, 087 1, 628, 024 128, 645, 122 1927.......... 1Does not include cargoes in transit. The principal items of commerce were: Foreign imports-bananas, coffee, molasses and sirup, sugar, crude petroleum, gasoline and other light products, crude bauxite aluminum, dead or creosote oil, and sodium nitrate. Foreign exports-wheat, flour, cotton, lumber. gasoline and other light products, illuminating oil, and asphalt. Domestic receipts--canned goods, crude oil, fuel oil, gasoline, kero- sene, lubricating oil, mineral oils and products. Domestic ship- ments-rice and products, sirup, glucose, and molasses; grain and products, naval stores, cotton, cotton linters, lumber, paper, gas and fuel oil, iron and steel, and salt. The commercial statistics are those for the " Passes of the Mis- sissippi River," which consists of South Pass and Southwest Pass. The draft of vessels varied from less than 10 to 32 feet. 14710-ENG 1928--56 :880 REPORT OF CHIEF, OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 28 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928----------------------_ $14, 419, 242. 95 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 618, 430. 26 6------------------------, Total cost of permanent, work to June 30, 1928---------- 21,; 037, 673. 21 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928 ---------- 405, 856. 42 Net total cost to June 30, 1928__ 21, 443, 529. 63 Add accounts receivable June 30, 1928------------------------ 10, 011.29 Gross total costs to June 30, 1928----------------------21, 453, 540. 92 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928----------------------- 19, 088.20 Net total expenditures------ -------------------------- 21, 434, 452. 72 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 --------------------- 533, 686.30 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------------ 21, 968, 139. 02 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 C ost of new w ork .I. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . ... . . . . Cost of maintenance- ..... ..... _I.......... . . . .... . $386, 679. 83 Total expended......-------------------...................$1, 196, 181. 54 $867, 598. 06 $610, 078. 19 $309, 634. 19 93, 377. 27 Allotted---.............................----------------------- 1, 040, 000. 00 750, 000.00 240, 000.00 375, 000.00 103, 568.07 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927_ ___--------- $523, 495. 50 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928----------------------$365, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924------------------------ 28, 531. 49 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927----------------------_ 1, 614. 09 395, 145. 58 Amount to be accounted for------------------------------ 918, 641. 08 Deduction on account of revocation of allotments --------------- 291, 577. 51 Net amount to be accounted for 27, 063. 57 6-------------------------- Gross amount expended--------------------------- 394, 356.40 Less receipts from sales-------------------------- 300, 979. 13 93, 377. 27 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 ------------------------ 533, 686. 30 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928---------------------------- 91, 518. 72 Balance available June 30, 1928-------------------------- 442, 167. 58 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ---------------------------------------- 1, 000, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance 1- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 375, 000. 00 2. SOUTH PASS CHANNEL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER, LA. (MAINTENANCE) Location and description.-South Pass, flowing south 32 ° east, is the smallest of the three main outlets of the Mississippi River. Its length from Head of Passes to the Gulf of Mexico is about 13 miles SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS NEW' ORLEANS, LAs, DISTRICT 881 and its average width is 750 feet. It is a tidal stream, but during about eight months each year the flow is chiefly influenced by river floods. The discharge and fall of water surface vary from 0 during low stages to about 175,000 second-feet and 0.31 foot per mile, respectively, during extreme floods. Its average flood discharge during flood of 1927 was 17.4 per cent of the flow at Head of Passes. The entrance is 107.5 miles from New Orleans, La.; 141 miles from Mobile, Ala., on the east; and 349 miles from Galveston, Tex., on the west. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1115.) Original condition,.-South Pass was not used for navigation. It was obstructed at its mouth by a bar which had a depth of 9 feet and at its head by a bar with a depth of 13 feet at low water. Be- tween these bars the channel was 27 to 30 feet in depth. Its length before prolongation by the jetties was 113/4 miles and its width varied from 530 to 850 feet. There were two entrances from the river and also two prominent side outlets. Variation in water surface at Head of Passes due to river floods was about 4 feet, reduc- ing to zero at the mouth. Previous projects. None. For scope of improvements of mouths of the Mississippi River see page 1847, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-The existing project authorized James B. Eads and associates to construct such permanent and sufficient jetties and auxiliary works as are necessary to secure and maintain for a period of 20 years through the pass a channel 26 feet in depth and not less than 200 feet wide at the bottom and having through it a central depth of 30 feet, without regard to width, at the termination of the maintenance period the channel to be maintained by the United States; construction and maintenance of sill and submerged deflect- ing dikes across head of South Pass and maintenance of sill across Pass a l'Outre, removal of west dike, and construction of submerged and spur dikes at Head of Passes; for dredging a channel 35 feet deep, no width specified, through the shoals in the river between Cubits Gap and Head of Passes, 31/2 miles; and for a seaward exten- sion of the west jetty at mouth of pass. The plane of reference is mean low water. Variation of water surface is 16 inches at the mouth and 10 inches at the head, due to tide. The extreme range of tide at the mouth is 28 inches. East jetty foundation is 12,070 feet long. Inner east jetty is 11,170 feet long. The west jetty is 7,820 feet long. Inner west jetty is 4,710 feet long. The jetties are com- posed of a substructure of brush mattresses surmounted by a super- structure of concrete. Auxiliary works are spur dikes and inner jetties, which are composed of a cribwork of round piling filled with willows and stone. The amount paid James B. Eads and asso- ciates was $8,000,000, being the total cost of new work. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $150,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1875, amended by acts of June 19, 1878, and March 3, 1879. The emergency act of June 6, 1900, provided for the maintenance by the United States and appropriated a sum not exceeding $100,000 annually for this work. The river and harbor act of May 28, 1908, authorized dredging in the river. The removal of west dike and 882 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 construction of spur dikes and bank revetment at Head of Passes were based on the additional works planned in 1916 by the Board of Engineer officers appointed by the Secretary of War for South- west pass (Annual Report for 1916, pp. 2420-2426). For latest pub- lished map see page 2656 of Annual Report for 1919. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-There is no local cooperation imposed by law. Terminal facilities.-For description of the public docks, ware- houses, wharf sheds, industrial canal, and quartermaster storehouse at New Orleans, La., see report for Southwest Pass, Mississippi River. Effect of improvement.-The navigable depth of the channel has increased from 9 to 30 feet at the mouth and from 13 to 36 feet at the head of the pass. Larger and deeper draft vessels are permitted to enter the harbor at New Orleans, La., giving that city high rank as a seaport. Larger cargoes are carried for coastwise and foreign commerce. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-All work during the year was maintenance, and was performed by hired labor and United States plant. The capping of the inner east jetty was raised to grade over a distance of 4,000 feet at its seaward end by addition of large riprap stone, and 3,000 linear feet of the concrete capping along the midportion of this jetty was raised and repaired by addi- tion of concrete and small riprap stone. The longitudinal brush dike parallel to and 500 feet seaward from the inner east jetty, start- ing opposite its shore end, was extended 2,600 feet downstream, making its total length 4,100 feet. Three additional brush retards were constructed between the extended dike and the jetty, and two additional spillways opened through the jetty capping into the in- closure. The purpose of this work is to cause the formation, by natural deposits, of a permanent bank on the sea side of the jetty which will eliminate future maintenance of the jetty along this stretch and provide for possible future widening of the jetty chan- nel. To hasten the accumulation of deposits, grass and sea cane are planted in the area between the dike and jetty, as the fill nears the water surface. A short section of the inner west jetty at its outer end was repaired by addition of brush and stone, and other minor repairs, consisting of reshaping the existing riprap capping and the addition of new stone thereto were made to both jetties. The total cost of maintaining the inner jetties during the year was $125,950.08 and the total expenditure $100,287.52. The 14 revetted spillways through the banks of the pass were kept free from drift and the revetment repaired as needed by the addition of stone. Grass and sea cane were planted on the new shoals opposite the mouths of the spillways to hasten the extension of the banks. A small cave near the Head of the Pass, and bank erosion near the same locality were revetted with piling, brush, and stone. The total cost of bank protection, including maintenance of the spill- ways, was $9,179.64 and the total expenditure $9,868.59. The headland extension dike between South and Southwest Passes at Head of Passes was repaired and brought to grade by replacement RIVERS AND HARBORS NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 883 of piles and wales where necessary, and addition of brush and stone, at a cost of $4,237.36, the expenditure being $4,299.38. The spur dikes, east headland dike, and other structures at Head of Passes were repaired by addition of piling, brush, and stone, at a cost of $10,236.24, the expenditure being $30,722.39, which includes materials on hand. Wharves, moorings, and shore plant at Head of Passes and Port Eads were maintained, including reraising the latter reservation to grade by hydraulic fill, at a cost of $36,280.92, the expenditure being $33,540.74. The total cost of work performed during the year was $185,884.24, all maintenance, and the total expended for this work was $170,362.26. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Improvement begun by James B. Eads ini 1875 comprised east and west jetties at the mouth, with lengths of 12,070 and 7,820 feet, respectively; 36 spur dikes between the jetties; two mattress sills and various dikes at the Head of Passes; and dredging the channel. These works were completed on July 8, 1879, when the 20-year period of maintenance by contract began. Two side outlets were closed and spur dikes were built in two locali- ties in South Pass. Inner east and west jetties, with lengths of 11,170 feet and 4,710 feet, respectively, were completed in 1886. The chan- nel was dredged for about 1,230 days. The amounts paid to James B., Eads and associates for improvement and maintenance were $8,000,000. The contract ended January 28, 1901. Since January 28, 1901, the pass has been maintained by the Tnited States. The work done includes an extension of 872 linear feet on the shoreward end of the inner east jetty; dredging 9,724,201 cubic yards of material from the channel; placing of a mattress sill across head of South Pass and an upstream extension 1,300 feet long of the headland between South and Southwest Passes; sinking of 213,798 square yards of mattresses for bank-protection purposes at the head of the pass; construction of spur dikes above Head of Passes; and placing of a submerged deflecting dike across the head of Pass a l'Outre. The discharge of South Pass, in terms of the percentage of the total discharge of the river at Head of Passes during the current flood season, as compared to the floods of the seven preceding years, is shown below: Discharge of South Pass (in per cent of flow at Head of Passes) 1921 1------------------------------ 14. 6 1922-------------------------------15. 4 1923--------------------------------------------5 1923--------------------------------------------------- 18.3 1924 .- -- - - - -.- - - 17.1 1925--------------------------------------------------- 16.7 1926 ------------------------ ----------------- 17. 6 1927 --------------------------------------------------- _ 17.6 1928---------------------------------------------------18. 6 Throughout the year a channel of project dimensions was main- tained without additions or any extensive repairs to the existing works. The wreck of the steamship Louisiana, which was sunk in the Gulf during the previous fiscal year at a point 500 feet seaward from 884 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 the face of the jetties and about 300 feet to the right of the center line of the entrance channel, was removed by contract during August and September, 1927, payment for the work having been provided from the appropriation for "Removal of wrecks, etc." On June 30; 1928, controlling channel conditions obtained at the sea entrance to the jetties, where there was a channel 30 feet deep with a least width of 600 feet. A total of 4,679 seagoing vessels navigated South Pass during the year, of which 492 drew 25 feet or more and 9 drew over 30 feet. The maximum draft during the year was 31 feet 5 inches. The total expenditures to the end of the fiscal year have been $12,939,350.13 and the total cost $12,857.478.59, of which $8,000,000 was for new work and $4,857,478.59 for maintenance. Propoed operations.-Duringthe fiscal year 1929 it is proposed to use the balance unexpended July 1, 1928, including the $100,000 fiscal year appropriation, in maintenance, as follows: Dredging by U. S. dredge Benyaurd, or substitute, in entrance channel from Gulf, for an estimated period of 1 month, if shoaling occurs, at $21,000 per month------------------------------ $21, 000. 00 Ordinary maintenance of inner jetties.---- -------------------- 23, 756. 04 Extension of east jetty dike for a distance of about 1,000 feet.------ 16, 0000. 00 Maintenance of spillways through banks-----------------------10, 000. 00 Maintenance of dikes and other structures at Head of Passes- ----- 20, 000. 00 Upkeep of shore plants at Port Eads and Head of Passes---------36, 000. 00 Payment of outstanding liabilities and other obligations as of July 1, 1928__----- ----------------- --------------------------- 9, 053. 42 Total maintenance 1----------------------------- -- 135, 809. 46 It is expected that funds for the above work will be exhausted by June 30, 1929, and that the rate of expenditures will be as follows: First quarter -- ------------------------------------ $40, 000. 00 Second quarter--------------------------- 35, 000. 00 Third quarter------------------------------------ 35, 000. 00 Fourth quarter ------------ _ ------------------------------ 25, 809.46 Total maintenance ---------------------------------- 135, 809. 46 The item in the 1929 estimate, " Extension of east jetty dikes, etc.," provides for a seaward prolongation of this structure, which is a brush-filled dike parallel to and about 500 feet behind the inner .east jetty, its purpose being to induce a fill on the sea side: of the jetty by the deposition of sediment from small controlled spillways in the jetty. Approximately 4,000 linear feet of this dike has been con- structed, starting opposite the shore end of the jetty, and the results secured have been so favorable that a further extension of the dike is considered desirable. It is fully expected that the work will result in a permanent bank which will provide ample width as a safeguard against possible jetty caves and will obviate the necessity for future maintenance of this stretch of jetty. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930, as it is believed that the permanent annual appropriation of $100,000 for that year will be sufficient to maintain the existing channel and keep the works in a proper state of repair. Commercial statistic.-See preceding report on Southwest Pass. RIVERS AND HARBORS NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 885a Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 __ .___ $8, 000, 000. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 ____.____.__-____-- 4, 857, 47&. 59 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 1-----------2, 857, 478. 59 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928-----------, 84, 997. 35 Net total cost to June 30, 1928 __ 12, 942, 475. 94 Add accounts receivable June 30, 1928__ ___ _____----5, 334. 69, Gross total costs to June 30, 1928-----------------------12, 947, 810. 63 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928__________1____1111___ 8, 460. 50 Net total expenditures_---- 12, 939, 350. 13 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 ---------- 35, 809.46 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-------___ 12, 975, 159. 59 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work ....... . -........ -. Cost of maintenance___-------------------------------------------------------$185, 884.24 Total expended- . $694, 421. 00 $125, 696. 39 $117, 532. 31 $126, 695. 35 .--------------------- 170, 362. 26 Allotted --------------------------- 90, 000. 00 160, 000. 00 100, 000. 100, 000.00 100,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927-- $106, 171. 72 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved June 6, 1900, for fiscal year 1928------------------------------------- 100, 000.00 Amount to be accounted for__ --------------------------- 206, 171. 72 Gross amount expended _________-__--- $178, 718. 62 Less receipts from sales- ___- --------- 8, 356. 36 170, 362. 26 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928___----------_______---35, 809. 46 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928--------------- 9, 053. 42 Balance available June 30, 1928________________________ 26, 756. 04- 3. EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS AT' SOUTH PASS, MISSISSIPPI RIVER, LA. Location and description.--(See p. 880.) Original condition.- (See p. 881.) Previous projects.-None. For scope of improvements of mouths of the Mississippi River, see page 1847, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-The existing project provides for making exam- inations and surveys of the outer channel in the Gulf of Mexico, throughout the Pass, and at the Head of Passes, and dredging shoals in river between Cubits Gap and Head of Passes, where necessary to. secure a depth of 35 feet with practical width. The latest estimate for the work (maintenance) made in 1928 is $10,000 per annum. The project was adopted by the act of March 3, 1875. The act of August 11, 1888, appropriated a sum not exceeding $10,000 annually for this. work. The act of June 13, 1902, authorized a continuation of mak- ing examinations, notwithstanding the termination of the contract: with the late James B. Eads, and the act of May 28. 1908, added .886 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 the dredging of shoals in the river. For the latest charts of South Pass and Head of Passes see page 2656 of the Annual Report for 1915. Recommendecd modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation..-None. See report for Southwest Pass. Terminal facilities.-None. See report for Southwest Pass. Effect of improvement.-For information as to increase in depth obtained in the South Pass Channel see report for that improvement. Operations and results during fiscal! year.-Operations during the fiscal year consisted in making frequent examination and surveys in the entrance channels at the head and mouth of the pass and through the pass proper and performing miscellaneous survey work in connec- tion with dredging, navigation, construction work in progress, and investigations and studies under way. In the entrance at the head of the pass a channel depth of from 33 to 37 feet, with ample width for navigation, was maintained throughout the year. Through the pass proper a channel with depths of 36 feet or more and not less than 350 feet in width was uniformly available. In the entrance at the mouth of the pass there was throughout the year a channel of from 30 to 32 feet depth, with sufficient width for navigation. Systematic measurements of the discharge through three passes are made during the cycle of each river flood. The average results of 20 sets of measurements secured during the current flood, together with the similar figures for the seven preceding years, are tabulated below. b Percentage of the total flow through the 3 passes taken y each pass Name of Pass 1921 1922 1923 1924 19251 19261 1927 1928 Southwest Pass------------------- 40. 3 41. 1 36. 7 37. 5 39. 4 40. 0 39. 7 39. 1 South Pass__________ ___ ______ - 14. 6 15. 4 18. 3 17.1 16. 7 17. 6 17.6 18. 6 Pass al'Outre ------------------ 45. 1 43. 5 45. 0 45. 4 43.9 42. 4 42.7 42.3 Total_..................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1 Due to the low river stages that obtained during the 1925 and 1926 floods, these observations were probably influenced by winds and tides to a greater extent than during other years. Continuous records were obtained of the water level at each end of the pass and at the mouth of Pass a l'Outre. A complete survey of South Pass from its head to its mouth was made and plotted, a detailed survey of the area between the inner east jetty and the 'east-jetty dike was made, a complete survey and frequent examina- tions were made of each of the 14 small revetted spillways through the banks of the pass, and miscellaneous minor survey work, in- cluding location of ships aground, current, silt, and salinity observa- tions, establishment of bank lines, etc., was performed. The U. S. survey boat Balize was operated continuously, and the U. S. launch Reese used occasionally, when necessary. The total cost of work performed during the year was $10,000, all maintenance, and the total expended $9,678.72. Condition at the end of the fiscal year.-The project is for main- tenance. The contract with James B. Eads was completed during RIVERS AND IHARBORS NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 887 the fiscal year 1901. On June 30, 1928, the ruling depth was 30 feet at mean low water. The condition of the channel throughout the pass, including the entrances from the river and the Gulf, during the fiscal year was satisfactory and in excess of project requirements. There were 16 navigation accidents during the year, none of which were due to any deficiency in the width or depth of the channel. There has been expended a total of $537,685.24 for examinations and surveys, chargeable to maintenance, the cost of the work being $538,006.52. Proposed operations.-The annual appropriation of $10,000, avail-- able July 1, 1928, for fiscal year 1929, will be expended for mainte- nance in making examinations and surveys in accordance with the project. It is estimated that an average of $833.33 will be spent each month for surveys, exhausting the funds available by June 30, 1929. No additional funds for the fiscal year 1930 are necessary, as the annual appropriation of $10,000 available July 1, 1929, will be suffi- cient to carry on the work in accordance with the project. Commercial statistics.-See report on Southwest Pass. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 .... , Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928--------------------------- $538, 006. 52 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928---------------------------- 321. 28 Net total expenditures____________________________---__ _ 537, 685. 24 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928_ 321. 28 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928----------------------538, 006. 52 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 cost of new work= cost of maintenance--------- =====-=====-======- - === ==- - ---------------------------------------------- =====-- = $10, 000. 00 --- Total expended..........................-- $10, 90557 $10,091 88 $9,427.78 $10,72.22 9, 678.72 Allotted ----------------------------... . 10,905.57 10, 091.88 9, 427.78I 10, 572.22 10, 000.00 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved June 13, 1902, for fiscal year 1928------------------------------------- $10, 000. 00 Gross amount expended------ __- __-__-____-____ 9, 678. 72 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 ----------------------------- 321. 28 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928 ___ 321.28 4. MISSISSIPPI RIVER, BETWEEN BATON ROUGE AND NEW ORLEANS, LA. Location and description. The Mississippi River between Baton Rouge and New Orleans flows in a general southeasterly direction through the southeastern portion of the State of Louisiana. Dis- tances from Baton Rouge are: To New Orleans, 132 miles; to Head of Passes, 226.5 miles; to Gulf of Mexico via South Pass, 239 miles. Maximum fluctuation of water surface at Baton Rouge is about 43 feet; at New Orleans, about 23 feet. High-water stages usually occur from January to June; low stages, from July to December. There are no tributaries or outlets in this stretch of river. Other data are as follows: 888 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Maximum Minimum Average Width, feet.................------------------------------------------------- 4, 700 1, 500 2,900 Discharge, second-feet..........................................-------------------------------------- 1, 358, 000 135, 000 .......... Fall of water surface, feet (approximate)...........................---------------------------- 27. 0. 5 --..... Mean velocity, feet per second (approximate)------------------------- 9. 0 . 5---------- Original condition.--A channel with depths of 34 feet or more over a least width of several hundred feet has usually obtained through- out this reach of the river. There has been occasional shoaling to between 28 and 34 feet depth in one or two comparatively short stretches. Such shoaling has usually occurred only at a very low stage of river following a very high stage. Bayous Lafourche, Man- chac, and Plaquemine, former outlets, have been closed; the latter by means of a lock, and the two former by means of levees. Previous projects.-This section of the river was included in the project for a channel 9 feet deep and not less than 250 feet wide, which was authorized by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, the work being carried on under the supervision of the Mississippi River Commission. No work was ever required in this section, as natural depths were far in excess of 9 feet. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 35 feet deep at low water and 300 feet wide between Baton Rouge and New Orleans, La., a distance of 132 miles, at an estimated annual cost of $14,000 during years in which high floods occur. The existing project was adopted by the. river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927. (H. Doc. No. 105, 69th Cong., 1st sess.) Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No local cooperation has been imposed by law. Terminal facilities.-The city of Baton Rouge has recently in- stalled a modern terminal, including a reinforced concrete wharf 504 feet long, at a cost of about $750,000. Attached to the main wharf is a large floating dock, to and from which freight is trans- f:erred by means of escalators. A triple-track car barge, 300 feet long, with capacity for 16 cars, serves for interchange of all freight destined to either east or west bank. The facilities are served by a municipal terminal with a capacity of 18 cars, and a maximum handling capacity of 40 cars per day, which connects with the five main trunk lines entering the port. The facilities of the port of Baton Rouge are municipally owned and controlled and are operated on equal terms to all shippers. The United States Steel Corporation contemplates the erection shortly of a large terminal on the west bank about 11/2 miles below Baton Rouge. The facilities of the port of Baton Rouge are considered adequate for its commerce. Effect of improvement. Dredging of shoals as they form permits the continuous passage of deeper-draft vessels, which would other- wise be compelled to restrict their draft whenever shoals occur. Ope+atios and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. dredge Benyaurd removed a total of 235,456 cubic yards of material from the shoal which developed during September at Brusly Landing, RIVERS AND HARBORS NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 889 about 5 miles below Baton Rouge, increasing the depth from 28 to :33 feet, referred to low water, the actual navigable depth when dredg- ing was suspended being in excess of 35 feet due to the increase in river stage at the time. Funds to the amount of $15,000 were ad- vanced by the Standard Oil Company of Louisiana, out of which $14,057.49 was expended by the United States for the above work, all maintenance. The cost was $14,057.49. Condition at end, of fiscal year.-There are no works of channel improvement, as none are considered necessary. At the close of the fiscal year channel conditions were up to project requirements. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $14,057.49, and the cost, $14,057.49, all maintenance. Proposed operations.-Duringthe fiscal year 1929, it is proposed to use the balance unexpended July 1, 1928, for removal of shoals as they may occur, and repayment to local interests of funds advanced :as follows: Dredging at such localities as may be required, by U. S. dredge Benyaurd, or substitute, three-fifths month, at $21,000 per month__ $12, 2, 600. 00 Surveys .-------- 285.02 02 urvey------------ ------------------------------------- 2,285. Repayment of funds advanced________-- __------------------- 14, 057.49 Total--------------------------------------------------- 28, 942. 51 It is expected that funds for the above work will be exhausted by June 30, 1929. It is impracticable to state the time or rate of ex- penditures, as this will depend on the extent and time of formation of shoals. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930 ($14,000) will be applied to removal of shoals as they may occur, as follows: IDredging at such localities as may be required, by U. S. dredge Benyaurd, or substitute, three-fifths month, at $21,000 per month-... $12, 600 Surveys ----------------------- -------- ----- --------- 1,400 Total ------------------------------------------------------ 4, 000 Commercial statistics.--The traffic between Baton Rouge and New Orleans amounted to 4,801,142 tons, valued at $73,564,667. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928---------------- --------- Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 - ---------------- __-__- $14, 057. 49 Net total expenditures_ -- ----------------------- 14, 057. 49 Jnexpended balance June 30, 1928-_ ----------------------------- 28, 942. 51 T(,tal amount appropriated to June 30, 192'8 _______________ 43, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work ...... ........--------------......... 'Cost of maintenance--------- ------------.---------------------------------- $14, 057. 49 Trotal expended...............---------------------------------------------------------- - 14, 057. 49 Allotted -....-...............-.-.......... . .. . ----- ------------ - - 43, 000. 00 -L 890 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation' :act approved Mar. 23, 1928--------------------------- ------------------- $28,000.00 Amount advanced by local interests----------------------- ------ 15, 000. 00 Total--_ ------------------------------------- ------------ 43, 000. 00 Gross amount expended--------------------------------------- 14, 057. 49 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928-------------------------- 28, 942. 51 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 30, 1930, for maintenance 1 14, 000. 00 5. LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN, LA. The existing project was completed in 1917 at a saving of $12,628 under the estimated cost. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year and no balance is available. No work is now proposed, as the improvement is considered adequate for the existing commerce. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1923, page 846. Commercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1923----- ---- -667, 529 $6, 661, 151 84, 299 1926......... 603, 160 $19, 108, 479 109, 536 1924- ------- 500, 775 4, 190, 915 80, 103 1927- .-.--.... 898, 981 22, 980, 915 77, 125- 1925- -- 591,843 11, 606, 077 91,495 The tonnage for the calendar year 1927 consisted principally of oysters, oyster shells, sugar, canned goods, molasses and sirup, melons, cotton, wood (cord), lumber, bricks, sand and gravel, cement, tiles, crushed rock, coal, salt, iron, and steel. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 8 feet. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 $56, 372. 22 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 , 766. 55 1--------------------------- Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928--------------58, 138. 77 Net total expenditures 8, 138. 77 5----------------------------- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928----------------------- 58, 138.77 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work-- Cost of maintenance-------------------- -------------- -- Total expended---------------------- $0. 10-------------- --------- --- Allotted............ .. 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 891. 6. CHEFUNCTE RIVER AND BOGUE FALIA, LA. Location and description.The Chefuncte River rises in the upper portions of Tangipahoa and Washington Parishes, La., and flows southerly into Lake Pontchartrain, opposite New Orleans. The dis- tance from New Orleans to the mouth of Chefuncte River by water via New Basin Canal is 311/2 miles. The Bogue Falia rises in the lower portion of Washington Parish, La., and flows in a southerly direction, joining the Chefuncte River 101/. miles above Lake Pontchartrain. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 193.) The distance from the mouth to the source is about 70 miles. The portion under improvement extends from the mouth of the Chefuncte River to Covington, on the Bogue Falia, a distance of 141 miles. The Chefuncte River has widths of 300 to 800 feet and the Bogue Falia of 130 to 200 feet. The streams are tidal, and the watershed area is about 387 square miles. The discharge at low water is about 60 second-feet, at high water about 5,800 second-feet, and at average stage about 500 second-feet. Original condition.-The Chefuncte River, from its mouth to the Bogue Falia, a distance of about 10 miles, varied in width from 250 to 800 feet and in depth from 15 to 30 feet at low water, but was obstructed by a bar at its mouth over which there was a depth of 5 feet at mean low tide; this depth was fully 1 foot less during northers. Above its junction with the Bogue Falia the Chefuncte River had a rapid current and tortuous course, through which very small schooners could navigate for about 3 miles. The Bogue Falia, from its mouth to Covington, a distance of 4 miles, varied in width from 60 to 200 feet and in depth from 4 to 20 feet at mean low Gulf. For 2 miles below Covington the channel was obstructed by snags, overhanging trees, wrecks, bars, and sharp bends, and was navigable for small schooners only. Above Coving- ton only timber-raft navigation was possible. Steamers could use the waterway from the mouth of the Chefuncte River to 2 miles below Covington. Previous projects.-The river and harbor act of 1872 provided for removal of the wreck of the gunboat Oregon from the Chefuncte River. This. work was performed in 1872-73. The cost and ex- penditures were $5,221 for new work prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1881. For further details of previous projects see page 731, Annual Report for 1913. Existing project.-This provides for dredging the bar at the mouth of the Chefuncte River, in Lake Pontchartrain, and for dredging and removing obstructions from the Chefuncte River and Bogue Falia to Covington, La. The total length of improvement is 141/2 miles. The width and depth are not specified in the project. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide at the mouth is about 10 inches, and near Covington about 3 inches, and the extreme range about 14 inches and 5 inches, respectively. The variation of water surface in the upper Chefuncte River and Bogue Falia, due to floods is about 8 feet; that in the lower Chefuncte River at Lake Pontchar- train, due to winds, is about 3 feet. The estimated cost for new work, adopted in 1881, was $5,460 and is exclusive of amounts expended 892 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for" annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881 (H. Ex. Doc. No. 54, 46th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is printed opposite page 2437 of the Annual Report for 1916. Recommended modifications of project.-River and Harbor Com- mittee Document No. 2, Seventieth Congress, first session, recom- mended a modification to provide for a depth of 8 feet between Lake. Pontchartrain and Washington Street, Covington, La. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal faclities.-Terminals are located at Madisonville, Houl- tonville, and Covington. At Madisonville there are two private warehouses; boats discharge their cargo directly into the warehouses. There is a well-constructed wharf and landing at Houltonville. The terminals at Covington consist of two dilapidated warehouses, which are badly in need of repair. The banks in the upper courses are gen- erally firm and high; landings are made directly on the banks in some of these places. With the exception of the warehouses at Cov- ington, the terminals are adequate for the existing commerce. There are no wharves open to the public. (For a full description of ter- minal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made it possible for larger boats to use the streams. Operations and results during fiscal year.-General supervision over the streams was exercised. The total expenditures were minus $86.13. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The obstructions in Chefuncte River and Bogue Falia were originally removed in 1886, and the channel through the bar was originally dredged in 1903, thus com- pleting the existing project. The controlling depths, mean low Gulf, when last ascertained in June, 1924, were 10 feet over the bar at the mouth of Chefuncte River, 8 feet in the river and in Bogue Falia to 1 mile below -Cov- ington, and 31/2 feet from this point to the town, available through- out the year. The channel, except over the bar, is in good condition. The head of navigation is at Covington, 14 miles above the mouth of the Chefuncte River. The total costs under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $46,357.60, of which $19,342.24 was for new work and $27,015.36 for maintenance. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $46,357.60. Proposed operations.-There are no funds available. The sum of $5,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930 in maintenance dredging of the channel between miles 13 and 14, in the neighborhood of the town of Covington, La., as follows: Operation of 1 dredge----------------------------- $4, 500 Supervision and office expenses------------------------- 500 Total------------------------------------- 5,000 Commercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 893 Comparative statement Total Total Calendar year Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Short tons Value Passengers 1923......... 76, 869 $915, 429 9, 705 1926--....- - 17, 811 $790, 628 (1) 1924 40, 843 689, 124 9, 160 1927. - _ 19, 048 927, 261 (1) --------- 1925.......... 29, 365 277, 316 (1) 1No passengers reported. The tonnage for the calendar year 1927 consisted principally of oyster shells, lumber, and wood (cord). The draft of vessels varied from 3 to 5 feet. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 ------------------------- $24, 563.24 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928--- --------------------- 27, 015. 36 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928-------------- 51, 578. 60 Net total expenditures------------- 51, 578.60 --------- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928_ ---- 51, 578.60 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work . - Cost of maintenance-- -. - --..- - - --.- - - - Total expended------................---------------------- $4,168.10--------------------------------$86.13 Allotted ............... 4, 000. 00 -------------------------------- .....----------------------------- 86. 13 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment__------------------- $86. 13 Gross amount expended------------------------ ---------- $0. 00 Less receipts from sales- -------------- - ------ _ ______ 86. 13 -86. 13 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance 1________-- -________________ ----- 5, 000. 00 7. BAYOU BONFOUCA, LA. Location and description.-Bayou Bonfouca rises about 5 miles north of Slidell, La., and empties into Lake Pontchartrain 5 miles west-southwest of that town. It has a total length of 13 miles. It is under improvement from its mouth to Slidell, La., a distance of 7 miles. This part of the.bayou is tidal and has a surface width of 100 to 200 feet. The watershed area is about 75 square miles. (See Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1268.) Original condition.-Partlyas a result of dredging by local inter- ests, Bayou Bonfouca has a uniform depth of 13 to 15 feet from Slidell to within 2 miles of the mouth. At the latter point there is a decrease to 10 feet in depth and 100 feet in surface width. These dimensions are increased by the confluence with Bayou Liberty, Exclusive of available funds. .894 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 which is one-half mile above the mouth. The approach in Lake Pontchartrain is obstructed by a bar which restricts the channel to a width of 75 feet and a depth of 71/2 feet, and causes it to lie nearly parallel with the shore for a distance of 1,500 feet. The shortest distance from the mouth of the bayou to the 10-foot depth in Lake Pontchartrain is 2 miles. Previous project.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water and 60 feet wide on the bottom, from Slidell to deep water in Lake Pontchartrain. The average range of water level, due to tide, is 0.8 foot. The estimate of cost of new work is $22,000, of which $5,500 is to be contributed by local interests, and $1,200 annually for maintenance. These estimates were made in 1924. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927 (H. Doc. No. 474, 68th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Local interests are required to contribute $5,500 toward the cost of the improvement. Terminal facilities.-All terminal facilities are at Slidell, and con- sist of three loading slips and three wharves, with tram-track con- nections and skids for loading timbers. There are also marine ways and a graving dock. All terminal facilities are" privately owned. They are adequate for present commerce and may be enlarged and modernized at moderate cost when required. Effect of improvement.-No work has yet been done on the project. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions during the fiscal year. Condition at end of fiscal year.-As no work has yet been done on this project, the original condition still exists. There have been no expenditures. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the balarice unex- pended on July 1, 1928, $16,500, plus $5,500 to be contributed by local interests, in new work, in accordance with the project, as follows: Operation of one dredge ----------- $21,000 Supervision and office expenses_________________________ 1, 000 Total -------------------------------------- 22, 000 No work will be begun until the local contribution has been received. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930, as this improvement when completed will provide for the present and prospective needs of commerce. Commercial statistics.--This is a new project. No statistics were collected during the year 1927. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928_______------------------- Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 - Net total expenditures___________ Unexpended balance June 30, 1928__ - - - -$16, 500. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928- ...... ----- 16, 500. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 895 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work--....--- ------------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance.....---------------------------------------------------- Total expended------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Allotted------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $16, 500.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928----------------------------------------- $16,500. 00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 - _._16. 500. 00 8. PASS MANCHAC, LA. The existing project was completed in 1912, at a saving of $4,626 under the estimated cost. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year and no balance is available. No work is now proposed, as the improvement is considered adequate for the existing commerce. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1924, page 845. Commercial statistics..--A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the five past years is as follows: Comparative statement Total Total Calendar _ Calendar year year Short tons Value Passengers Short tons Value Passengers 1923----------.......... 39, 932 $1, 023, 364 823 1926---------........ 21, 413 $1, 061,128 (1) ----------- 1924--.... ..... 25, 841 510, 019 264 1927..---------- 18,657 1, 303,663 (1) 1925---------.......... 23, 533 460, 833 (1) 1 No passengers reported. The tonnage for the calendar year 1927 consisted principally of crossties, lumber, and wood. The draft of vessels varied from 3 to 6 feet. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928______-______________- - - $1, 374. 10 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928--.. __-__--______- - 4, 430. 07 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928-___ ___--__ 5, 804. 17 Net total expenditures---------------- - --------------------- 5, 804. 17 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928- _____-- - - 5, 804. 17 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work Cost of maIntenance Total expended........................--------------------------..$1, 745. 76-----............-------.........----------------........----- Allotted.................... ........... 14710---G 1928-------57 896 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 9. TICKFAW, NATALBANY, PONCHATOULA, AND BLOOD RIVERS, LA. The existing project was completed in 1891, at a saving of $2,114 under the estimated cost. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year and no balance is available. No work is now proposed, as the improvement is considered adequate for the existing commerce For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1925, page 824. Commercial statistics.-- comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Total Total Calendar year Calendar year Short tons Value Short tons Value 1923-------.. --------..------ 55, 202 $526, 149 1926 --------------------- 13, 082 $763, 046 1924.....--------------------- 58, 649 506, 637 1927 ---------------------- 9, 608 902, 984 1925--------------------- 47, 527 542,536 The tonnage for the calendar year 1927 consisted principally of lumber and wood, cord. The draft of vessels varied from 3 to 6 feet. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928________________ _______ ___ $8, 115. 49 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928____________________________ 16, 980. 11 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928___________ 25. 095. 60 Net total expenditures_____----_----- 25, 095. 60 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928--------------------- 25. 095. 60 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1921 1927 1928 Cost of new work........----- . - ----- Cost of maintenance--- Total expended.................... ...------------------------- $0. 44 .. Allotted- 10. AMITE RIVER AND BAYOU MANCHAC, LA. Location and description.-BayouManchac is a tributary of Amite River. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 193.) Their combined watershed area is about 1,800 square miles. Amite River has its origin in the State of Mississippi, and flows in a generally southerly direction about 170 miles to Lake Maurepas, La. It has surface widths ranging from 300 to 120 feet. Bayou Manchac has its origin in Iberville Parish, La., and flows eastwardly about 183/4 miles, discharging into Amite River about 353 miles above its mouth. It has surface widths ranging from 125 to 80 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 897 Original condition.-A bar existed at the mouth of Amite River, over which there was a minimum depth of 5 feet. In the river itself the minimum depth up to the mouth of Bayou Manchac was 10 feet, the surface width ranging from 300 to 125 feet; for 73 miles above that point the depth ranged from 1 to 15 feet and the width from 200 to 100 feet. This river was obstructed with snags, logs, and fallen and overhanging trees. Bayou Manchac was at one time an outlet of the Mississippi River, but was closed by a dam at its upper end in 1828. A bar existed at the mouth of Bayou Manchac, over which there was a minimum depth of 4 feet. In the bayou itself the minimum depth up to Hope Villa, 7 miles above its mouth, was 8 feet, the surface width ranging from 125 to 80 feet. The bayou was navigable for 4 miles above Hope Villa, beyond which point it became dry in low water. Prior to improvement some navigation existed on Bayou Manchac and the lower Amite, a small steamer having made regular trips to Hope Villa. Previous projects.-The act of June 14, 1880, provided for the removal of obstructions in Amite River, and the act of August 11, 1888, for the removal of those in Bayou Manchac; the act of July 13, 1892, provided for dredging a turning basin on Bayou Manchac at or near Wards Creek. Prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1927 the cost and expenditures were $84,143.84, of which $24,900.82 was for new work and $59,243.02 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 830 of Annual Report for 1926. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 60 feet wide and 7 feet deep at mean low water, from that depth in Lake Maurepas to Port Vincent, and for the removal of obstructions between that point and the bridge of the Louisiana Railway & Navigation Co. across Bayou Manchac. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide in Amite River is about 10 inches at the mouth, and about 4 inches in Bayou Man- chac, the extreme ranges being about 14 and 6 inches, respectively. A variation of water surface of from 6 to 12 feet sometimes occurs in the upper Amite and Bayou Manchac, due to freshets. A rise of 30 inches in the lower Amite is sometimes caused by high winds. The estimated cost of new work, made in 1924, is $5,000, with average annual maintenance of $1,200. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of January 21, 1927 (H. Doc. No. 473, 68th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminial facilities.-There is a small warehouse at Clio and one at Port Vincent, and a small wharf at Maurepas. In the upper reaches where the banks' are high landings are made on the bank. The terminals are considered adequate for the existing commerce. There are no wharves open to the public. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement under previous projects has resulted in a safer and better means of water transportation in both streams. Operations and results during fiscal year.-From May 25, 1928, until the close of the fiscal year the U. S. steamer Hyacinth removed, 898 REPORT OF' CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 as new work under the existing project, 296 obstructions from Amite River between Port Vincent and the mouth of Bayou Manchac and in this bayou up to Wards Creek, most of them being very large fallen trees, some of them 4 feet in diameter. Excessive rainfall just after beginning the. work overflowed the banks by 5 or 6 feet and rendered work impossible for 10 days and exceedingly slow for the balance of the time. Many of these trees were submerged from 4 to 10 feet and could not be seen, but their location was pointed out by the inhabitants of the vicinity. The total costs were $2,469.98, all for new work. The total expenditures were $274.61. Condition at end of fiseal year.-The previous project was com- pleted in 1895. The existing project is expected to be completed in July, 1928. The controlling depths, mean low Gulf, on June 30, 1928, were as follows: Amite River, 7 feet on bar at entrance and up to mile 36; Bayou Manchac, 5 feet on bar at mouth, thence 6 feet to mile 8, Wards Creek. Mile 0 is at mouth of stream in each case. When the snagging operations now in progress have been completed Amite River up to the mouth of Bayou Manchac and the bayou itself will be in good condition. Amite River above the mouth of Bayou Manchac is badly obstructed and has fallen into disuse. The total costs under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $2,469.98, all for new work. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $274.61. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to expend the balance unex- pended on July 1, 1928 ($3,639.26), in new work by removing obstructions in Bayou Manchac, and in Amite River from this bayou to the mouth, by Government plant, as follows: Operation of U. S. steamer Hyacinth ------------------ $3, 000.00 Supervision and office expenses------- 26 6----------------------- Total---------- ------------------------------ ---- 3, 639.26 It is expected that the available funds will be expended by the end of July, 1928. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930, as no work is contemplated. Conmmzercial statistics.--A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Total Total Calendar year Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Short tons Value Passengers 1923.......... 38, 876 $863, 342 823 1926.......... 11, 587 $342, 142 (1) 1924-.......... 19, 084 400, 077 264 1927-.......... 9, 049 400,679 (9 1925.......... . 18,307 288, 518 (1) I No passengers reported. 'The tonnage for the calendar year 1927 consisted principally of lbmber and wood. The draft of vessels varied from 3 to 6 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS -NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 899 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928------------------------------ $27, 370. 80 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928----------------------_ __ 59, 243.02 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928--------------- 86, 613. 82 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928-----------------------------2, 195. 37 Net total expenditures----------------------------------- 84, 418. 45 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928--------------------------------3, 639. 26 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928----------------- 88, 057. 71 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work ----------- ------------------------------------------------ $2, 469.98 Cost of maintenance ------------------------------------------------------------- .......... -------. Total expended - ......... $10, 001.30-. 274.1 Allotted ....... ..... 5,000.00 .........------------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 ------------- ......... 3, 913. 87 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927------------------------------------------------ $4, 000.00 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment-------------------- 86. 13 Net amount to be accounted for----------------- 3,913. 87 Gross amount expended---------------------------------$360. 74 Less receipts from sales---------------------------------- 86. 13 274. 61 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928------------------------- 3, 639.26 11. BARATARIA BAY, LA. Location and desc-ription,.-This waterway is in Jefferson Parish, La., and extends about 37 miles in a generally southerly direction from the junction of Bayou Villars and Big Barataria Bayou, through Big Barataria Bayou, Bayou Dupont, a new canal through the marsh, Bayou Cutler, Bayou St. Denis, and Barataria Bay to the east end of Bayou Rigault, at Grand Isle, and connects with the Gulf of Mexico through Grand Pass. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart. No. 196.) The entire waterway is tidal, and has widths in the bayous ranging from 50 to 1,800 feet, and in Barataria Bay from 5 to 7 miles. The watershed area is estimated at 1,100 square miles, inclusive of Lakes Salvador and Cataouache. Originral conditionl.-Big Barataria Bayou was from 13 to 30 feet deep and from 350 to 900 feet wide; Bayou Dupont was from 5 to 8 feet deep and from 120 to 160 feet wide; Bayou Cutler had a least depth of 8 feet and least width of 150 feet; Bayou St. Denis, from the mouth of Bayou Cutler to Barataria Bay was from 10 to 22 feet deep and from 1,200 to 1,800 feet wide, but at the entrance to the bay there was a shoal having only 4 feet of water at times. The depths through Barataria Bay ranged from 4 to 17 feet. The channel through the bay was marked by fixed lights at the mouth of Grand Bayou, at the entrance to Bayou Rigault, and at the entrance to Grand Pass. Traffic between the Mississippi River and Grand Isle passed through Big Barataria Bayou, Bayou Rigolettes, Harvey cut-off. 900 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Lake Villere, Bayou St. Denis, Little Lake, Grand Bayou, and Bara- taria Bay. The controlling depth at low water was about 4 feet, but practically nothing during strong northerly gales. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 5 feet deep at mean low Gulf level and 50 feet wide on the bottom from the junction of Bayou Villars and Big Barataria Bayou to Grand Isle, a distance of about 37 miles. The Secretary of War is authorized, in his discretion, to change the location of the route and increase the dimensions of the channel if the estimated cost of the improvement to the United States is not increased thereby. Under ordinary condi- tions the mean range of tide is 12 inches at the mouth and zero at the head, and the extreme range 24 inches and 12 inches, respectively. The variation of water surface near the mouth, due to hurricanes, has been as high as 6 feet. The estimated cost of new work, for a canal 5 by 40 feet along route No. 6, revised in 1924. was $87.500. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 200, 65th Cong., 1st sess.). The only published map is in that document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, requires that no expense shall be incurred by the United States for acquiring any lands and easements required for the purpose of this improvement. Interested parties secured and donated to the United States a strip of land 400 feet wide for this cut-off. Terminal facilitie's.-Traffic on the waterway in question is mainly tributary to New Orleans. At the latter point there are extensive public docks and warehouses open to all commerce on equal terms. For the use of such boats as do not wish to enter the Mississippi River the Harvey Canal provides a small terminal, which is open to users of the canal without charge. On Bayou Barataria the only public wharf is at Lafitte, this being open to all commerce, without charge. Throughout Barataria Bay there exist numerous structures known as shrimp-drying platforms, each being privately owned. Oysters, which constitute a large pro- portion of the tonnage, are loaded from oyster boats directly onto the freight boats, the latter being anchored in the bay. Along the banks of the bayou a few stores and farms have their private wharves, and where no wharves exist supplies can, if necessary, be landed on the banks. At Grand Isle, a truck-gardening community, a navigation district has been organized for the purpose of constructing a canal and wharves to facilitate the handling of the products, to be open to all on equal terms, with charges only sufficient to pay for the work. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The advantages derived from the im- proyement are great. The truck-farming and fishing industries of Barataria Bay are large, and entirely dependent upon water trans- portation. The new route avoids the tortuous and shallow bayous where formerly there was a large annual loss of perishable commodi- ties, due to grounding of boats when wind conditions produced lower RIVERS AND HARBORS NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 901 tides than usual. The distance between points on Barataria Bay and Harvey Canal has been shortened by 7 miles, and practically all com- merce follows this new route. Operations and results during fiscal year.General supervision over the stream was exercised. Expenditures amounted to minus $3,313.18. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in September, 1925, at a saving of $14.462 under the estimated cost. The length of the artificial canal, officially named Dupre Cut by Jefferson Parish, the donors of the right of way, is 7.9 miles. The controlling depths at mean low Gulf on June 30, 1928, were: In Big Barataria Bayou, 13 feet; in Bayou Dupont. 5 feet; in Dupre Cut, 6 feet; in Bayou St. Denis, 10 feet; in Barataria. Bay, 4 feet; available throughout the year. The total costs under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $73,081.76, of which $73.037.11 was for new work and $44.65 for maintenance. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $73,081.76. Proposed operations.-There are no funds available, and no funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930, as no work is , contemplated. Commercial statistics.---A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Total Total Calendar year Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Short tons Value Passengers 1923 -_ --- _ 151, 558 $7, 623, 957 515 1926-------. 117, 419 $9, 031, 788 2, 359 1924 ---------- 112, 306 10, 030, 256 3,437 1927 ...----------- 99, 331 7, 051, 615 9,111 1925 ....---------- 142, 795 12, 348, 750 4, 425 The tonnage for the calendar year 1927 consisted principally of farm and dairy products, sea foods, molasses, rice, logs, gasoline, fuel oil, and ice. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 7 feet. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928_____________________ _____ $73, 037. 11 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 --- 44. 65 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 7________---_ 73, 081. 76 Net total expenditures_ _ _________- 73, 081. 76 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-____________________ 73, 081. 76 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work.......... ..................................................... Cost of maintenance-------------------- - Ttal epended... . 9, 522. 86 ...----------------------... $36, 747. 29 $11, 930. 64 $44. 65 j --$3, 313. 18 Allotted------------------..--.- -..39,000.00 16,500.00-....---...-- -- ..-.- 3, 313.18 902 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 $3, 605.06 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment $3,313.18 and amount transferred to Bayou Teche, La., $3,605.06----- ------- 6, 918. 24 Net amount to be accounted for------------------------- -3, 313. 18 Gross amount expended------------ --------------------- $0.00 Less receipts from sales------------------------------ 3, 313. 18 -3, 313.18 12. BAYOU LAFOURCHE, LA. The project, except for the construction of the lock, was completed in 1896. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year and no balance is available. No work is now proposed, as the improvement is considered adequate for the existing commerce. For a full de- scription of this project see Annual Report for 1925, page 833. Convmercial statistics.--A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Total Total Calendar Calendar year year Short tons Value Passengers Short tons Vakie Passengers - I r i . . . . I. 1923....... 138, 293 $4, 827, 451 97 1926..... - 43, 605 $1, 319, 886 () 1924--......... 112,608 4,134,198 (1) 1927.......... 62, 337 1, 146, 666 (1) 1925.......... 96, 422 3,940,946 (1) 1 No passengers reported. The tonnage for the calendar year 1927 consisted principally of cane (sugar), oil (fuel), molasses, sugar, and rice. The draft of vessels varied from 3 to 5 feet. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928_________________________ _ $252, 935. 48 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 ________________________-15, 445. 38 Total cost of permanent work to June 30. 1928______________ 268, 380. 86 Net total expenditures ___________________-- 268, 380. 86 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928----------------- 268, 380. 86 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work .............. . .. -- Cost of maintenance .......... . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I I Total expended_ _....... ................ $82. 50---- ------ - - -------- - - - --- - - - A llotted--... .... ..... .... ..... .... ... 13. LITTLE CAILLOU BAYOU, LA. Location and description.-Little Caillou Bayou has its source in Bayou Terrebonne 41/2 miles below Houma, La., and flows 32.8 miles RIVERS AND HARBORS NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 903 in a southerly direction, emptying into Terrebonne Bay, an arm of the Gulf of Mexico. The entire waterway is tidal. (See Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 198.) Original condition.-In 1882 the section from the head to about 10 miles below was not navigable; the next 4 miles downstream had been dredged by private parties to a cross section of 4 by 25 feet; and the remaining length had sufficient width and depth for naviga- tion which then existed. Since 1882 the upper 10 miles of the bayou has been dredged by private parties, and there is now a continuous channel with a least depth of 21/2 feet at ordinary low water. Previous project.--None. Existing project.-This provides for improvement from the head to Robinson Canal, about 20 miles, by removing obstructions and by dredging, to obtain a channel 5 feet deep at mean low water by 40 feet wide on the bottom. The normal fluctuation of tide is 3 to 6 inches, but winds may raise or lower the water surface about 1 foot. The estimate of cost of new work is $85,000 and $3,000 annually for maintenance. These estimates were made in 1922. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927 (H. Com. Doc. No. 5, 69th Cong., 1st sess.). Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Localinterests are required to furnish, without cost to the United States, all land and spoil areas required for the work, will make any necessary changes in bridges, and will keep the waterway free of water hyacinths. Terminal facilities.-There are no wharves or terminals along the bayou. Freight is unloaded directly on or from the banks, and sugar cane is handled by means of stationary derricks. These methods are satisfactory for the demands of commerce. Effect of improvement.-No work has yet been done on the project. Operatioansand results during fiscal year.-Specifications for dredg- ing were prepared. Local parties began obtaining dumping privileges. Condition at end of fiscal year.-As no work has yet been done on the project, the original condition still exists. There have been no expenditures. Proposed operations. It is proposed to expend the balance unex- pended on July 1, 1928 ($85,000), in new work in accordance with the project, as follows: Dredging by Government plant, 12 months-------------------------- $83, 000 Supervision and office expenses-------------------------------------- 2, 000 Total8-----------------------------------------------------5, 000 It is expected that the available funds will be expended beginning September 1, 1928, and that they will be exhausted by August 31, 1929. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930, as. it is believed that the above funds will complete the project. Commerrcial statistics.-This is a new project. No statistics were collected during the year 1927. 904 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 192811111111111111111$____ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 Net total expenditures______ _____ Unexpended balance June 30, 1928------------------------------ 85, 000. 00 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-------- --- 85, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work--- -------------------------------- Cost of maintenance -................ ...............................-- Total expended-- - - ,- ----------------------------------- ------------------------ Allotted--------- ------------------------- ------------ $85, 000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928 __-------------------- $85, 000). 00 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928__ ---- _ -------------------- 85, 000. 00 14. BAYOU TERREBONNE, LA. Location and description.-Bayou Terrebonne rises in Lafourche Parish, La., and flows 53 miles in a southerly direction, discharging into Terrebonne Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1116.) It is partly tidal and has surface widths up to Houma, La., ranging from 50 to 200 feet. Its watershed area is 115 square miles. Original condition.-At low water this bayou was practically dry from its source to Houma, a distance of 16 miles, and at Houma it was only 10 feet wide and 6 inches deep. Prior to the adoption of this improvement by the river and harbor act of 1880 private parties excavated a channel from a point about 3 miles above Houma to some distance below; this was 30 to 40 feet wide and 21/2 feet deep. From Houma to the mouth the depth on shoals in the first 5 miles was 2 feet; below this the depth ranged from 4 to 8 feet, with 20 feet in the last mile; the surface width ranged from 40 to 200 feet. Con- siderable commerce was carried on up to Houma when the tide permitted. Previous projects.--The river and harbor act of June 14, 1880. made the first appropriation, and in 1909 an allotment was made from the emergency appropriation act of March 3, 1905. Prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1910 the total cost and ex- penditures were $47,063.83, all for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1851 of the Annual Report for 1915. Existing project. This provides for a channel of suitable width and a depth of 6 feet at mean low Gulf, from Bush Canal, 12.9 miles from the mouth of the bayou, to the St. Louis Cypress Co.'s bridge at Houma, La., a distance of 24.11 miles. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide is about 10 inches at the mouth and 4 inches at Houma, the extreme range of tide being about 14 inches and 6 inches, respectively. The variation of water surface in the upper portion of Bayou Terrebonne is from 3 to 4 feet, due to floods; in RIVERS AND HARBORS NEW ORLEANS, LA, DISTRICT 905 the lower portion from 1 to 3 feet, due to wind and tide. The esti- mate, adopted in 1910, for new work, exclusive of amount expended on previous project, was $50,000, increased in 1912 to $75,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $6,000 The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for 'the present project (H. Doc. No. 1163, 60th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of July 25, 1912, amended by the act of March 4, 1913, provided that no expense shall be incurred by the United States for acquiring any lands required for the purpose of improvement. The latest published map is printed opposite page 2449 of the Annual Report for 1916. Recoinmended mod fications of project.- None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, amended the provisos as to local cooperation carried in the acts of 1910 and 1912, so that the present requirement is that no expense shall be incurred by the United States for acquiring any lands needed for the purpose of improvement. The necessary easements have been obtained from the riparian owners. 'Terin al facilities.-There is a small private wharf at Montegut, La.. and several small ones at Houma. In general, boats land and discharge their freight on the bank. At the town of Houma there is an interchange of freight between the Daigle Barge Line and the Southern Pacific Railroad; through rates apply on the bayou. The Daigle Co. owns a well-constructed covered wharf; five South- ern Pacific spur tracks lead to this wharf; unloading is effected by means of two inclined unloading conveyors of the endless-chain variety operated by steam. Barrels or sacks are carried from the barges by means of the conveyors to the top of the wharf and are loaded directly into cars. The terminal facilities are considered adequate for the present commerce. There are no wharves open to the public. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of i mprovement.-As a result of the improvement, naviga- tion on the bayou has been made easier and more reliable. Operations and results during fiscal year.-General supervision over the stream was exercised. The total expenditures were minus $477.37. Coqildition at end' of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1916 at a saving of $1,975 under the estimated cost. The controlling depth on June 30, 1928, was 6 feet, available throughout the year. The head of navigation for boat traffic is at Houma. The total costs under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $138,022.63, of which $73,024.88 was for new work and $64,997.75 for maintenance. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $138,022.63. Proposedoperations.-There are no funds available. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930, as no work is contemplated. Comnmercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: 906 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1923_ 90,191 $4,829,761 33 1926---------- 39, 652 $857, 860 (1) 1924- 52, 713 4, 560, 397 (1) 1927...---------- 34, 383 724, 820 (1) 1925_------- 51, 509 3, 380,217 (1) 1 No passengers reported. The tonnage for the calendar year 1927 consisted principally of oysters, shrimp, oyster shells, cane (sugar), wood pulp, and fuel oil. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 5 feet. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928___-- _________- $120, 088. 71 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928____. __________ 6______ 64, 997. 75 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 _----------185, 086. 46 Net total expenditures ------------------------------ 185, 086. 46 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928_________ -___ -__ 185, 086.46 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost ofnew work ... ................ Cost ofmaintenance- - - - - --..- - - - - Total expended....-..-.......__...... $10.67 $27,598.89 $29, 878. 65 $5, 414.92 -$477. 37 Allotted--------...............-----------------........ 60, 000. 00-------------.........---------.. ...------------ -477.37 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment -----------------.. 477. 37 Gross amount expended------------------------------- $0. 00 Less receipts from sales-----__ --- _______477. - ________ 37 -477.37 15. BAYOU PLAQUEMINE, GRAND RIVER, AND PIGEON BAYOUS, LA. Location and description.-Bayou Plaquemine lies in the south- central part of Louisiana and connects with the Mississippi River by Plaquemine Lock, 112 miles above New Orleans, La. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 111.) The waterway from Plaquemine to Morgan City, La., consists of Bayou Plaquemine, 10.6 miles; Grand River (one of the channels of the Atchafalaya River), 19.4 miles; Bay Natchez, 6 miles; Little Goddel and Big Goddel, 6 miles; Belle River, 9 miles; Bayou Long, 7.3 miles; Flat Lake and Drews Pass to Berwick Bay, 3.2 miles; and thence by the Atchafalaya River to Morgan City, 2.5 miles. Pigeon Bayous con- sist of Pigeon Bayou and Little Pigeon Bayou and connect Grand River and Grand Lake. The entire waterway from Plaquemine to Morgan City, about 64 miles in length, is included in the project. Pigeon Bayous, with an aggregate length of about 26 miles, are also included. The general direction of flow is southerly. This waterway is partly tidal during the low-water season, and has widths ranging from 90 to 1,500 feet. The watershed area of the Atchafa- laya River above Morgan City is about 4,000 square miles. RIVERS AND HARBORS -NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 907 Original condition.-Bayou Plaquemine was an outlet of the Mis- sissippi River, and in 1880 its upper 5 miles were badly obstructed with logs and stumps and so shoal as to be dry in low water; below this, the bayou had depths ranging from 3 to 32 feet, with surface widths ranging from 55 to 360 feet. Grand River and Pigeon Bayous were also much obstructed, but generally had a good depth, except in the reach known as Bay Natchez, where only 4 to 41/2 feet existed. Flat Lake, at the lower end of Grand River, also had a depth of 4 to 41/2 feet at low water. Previous projects. None. Existing project.-This provides for a water route from the lower Atchafalaya River to the Mississippi River at Plaquemine, a distance of 64 miles, to be secured by dredging a channel 95 feet wide and 10 feet deep at low water, and removing obstructions along the route; removing obstructions in Big and Little Pigeon Bayous for a dis- tance of 26 miles; the construction of a lock; and for securing the head of the bayou against caving banks. The lock is located in the town of Plaquemine, at the head of Bayou Plaquemine, 112 miles from New Orleans, La., via Mississippi River. It has solid concrete walls and floors resting upon a pile foundation. It has four sets of steel operating gates and one set of steel guard gates. The principal dimensions of the lock are: Length between miter sills, 298 feet 7 inches; clear width, 55 feet; depth over sills at low water, 10 feet. The lift depends upon the stage of the river, ranging from 0 to 28 feet. The lock was completed in 1909, at a cost of $1,302,006.38. Under ordinary conditions during low water the mean range of tide at Morgan City is 10 inches and the extreme range about 15 inches. The variation of water surface in Bayou Plaquemine and upper Grand River, due to floods from the Atchafalaya River, is from 3 to 14 feet; in lower Grand River and Flat Lake, due to tide and Atchafalaya River flood water, from 2 to 5 feet. Mean low water in Bayou Plaquemine is 1.24 feet above mean low Gulf. The estimate of cost for new work, adopted in 1888, was $1,708,250; increased in 1905 to $1,740,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $15,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 11, 1888, provided for the general project (S. Ex. Doc. No. 121, 49th Cong.; 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1887, p. 1405); the act of July 13, 1892, and subsequent acts authorized the use of funds in the improvement of the Pigeon Bayous; the act of March 3, 1905, increased the estimate of cost to $1,740,000. On April 10, 1899, the rectification of Bayou Plaquemine and excavation of a channel from Plaquemine to Morgan City, with bottom width of 95 feet and depth of 10 feet, by dredging and re- moving snags and other obstructions, was authorized. The act of March 2, 1907, appropriated $100,000 for the construction of a dredge and maintenance. The latest published map is printed opposite page 2442, Annual Report for 1916. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal fccilities.-The Consolidated Grocery Co., of Plaque- mine, has a warehouse with wharf, unloading devices, and railroad 908 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 connections. There are a few very small private warehouses on the waterway. There are several sawmills on Bayou Plaquemine, all equipped with log slips operated by steam for hauling logs from the bayou to the mill. There is considerable commerce on the bayou and at Plaquemine. There are wharves located at Morgan City, at which place there are several small private wharves and two large and three small public wharves open to use of all without charge. There are no warehouses needed, as the business section is on the river front and all freight is transferred directly from boats to stores. The terminal facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The channel has been deepened from 4. to 9 feet in Flat Lake and in other portions of the waterway, making navigation easier and safer. Operations and results during fisaalyear.-U.S. dredge Grossetete removed' 15,700 cubic yards of material from the bar at the forks of Big and Little Pigeon Bayous and 5,000 cubic yards from a slip just below the lower entrance of Plaquemine Lock. It also removed 948 snags and overhanging trees between the mouth of Bayou Sorrel and the mouth of Bayou Grossetete. The removal of these snags and trees has rendered navigation much safer, as practically all of the work was in narrow portions of the waterway, where a swift current exists. The U. S. dredge Delatowr removed 20,050 cubic yards of material from between the lower end of the lock and the bridge. The total costs were $8,363.48, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $8,363.48. Condition at end of flsca l year.-The work of securing the head of Bayou Plaquemine against caving was completed in 1894; the lock was completed in 1909, and the approaches, fill, and dredging in 1911, thus completing the project. The lock and grounds are in good con- dition. The controlling depths on June 30, 1928, were: Mile 0 (foot of Plaquemine Lock) to mile 2.6, 10 feet; mile 2.6 to mile 3.7, 7 feet; mile 3.7 to mile 24.6, 10 feet; mile 24.6 to mile 30, 9 feet; mile 30 to mile 36, 7 feet; mile 36 to mile 58.3, 12 feet; mile 58.3 to mile 62, '5 9 feet; mile 62 to mile 64, 30 feet; Big Pigeon Bayou, 8 feet in stream, feet at Grand Lake entrance, available throughout the year. From mile 0 to mile 58.3, depths are referred to mean low water, corre- sponding to a reading of 10 feet on the Bayou Plaquemine gauge at the lock; from mile 58.3 to mile 64, depths are referred to mean low Gulf. The condition of the channel is good, except from mile 2.6 to 3.7 and from mile 30 to 36. The waterway is navigable for boat traffic its entire length. The total cost under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year has been $2,161,585.69, of which $1,844,035.64 was for new. work and $317,550.05 for maintenance. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the :fiscal year were $2,161,585.69. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to expend the balance unex- pended on July 1, 1928 ($3,513.97), in maintenance of the channel between the lock and the bridges by Government plant. It is ex- 'pected that the available funds will be expended in August, 1928. RIVERS AND HARBORS NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 909 The additional sum of $12,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930, in maintenance redredging where necessary, as follows: Operation of one United States dredge-----------------------------$11, 500 Supervision and office expenses----------------------------------- 500 Total- ------------------------------------------------ 12, 000 Cotm~ercial statistic8s.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1923- -------- 320, 767 406,947 $8, 139 1926------- -366, 017 $13, 906, 430 71 1924- _.---.. 374, 120 8, 403, 779 80 1927 .---..--. 232, 404 8,037, 886 234 1925 ---------- 367, 251 8,894, 393 87 The tonnage for the calendar year 1927 consisted principally of oysters, rice, logs, wood (cord), fuel oil, and coal. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 6 feet. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928__________________________ $1, 844, 035. 64 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928---------------------------317, 550. 05 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 __2, 161, 585. 69 Net total expenditures-----------------_ --------------------- 2, 161, 585. 69 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 ------------- 3, 513. 97 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-------------- 2, 165, 099. 66 Fiscalyear ending June 30-- 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost ofnew work---------------------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance-------------- ------- ---------------------------------- $8,363.48 Total expended ------------------------------- $28, 338. 29 $18, 568. 24 $15, 484. 81 8, 363. 48 Allotted ... $48,000.00 ..............--------------------------- 15,000.00 7,00000 8,000.00 -731. 21 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927------------------------------ $12, 608. 66 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment-- ------------- 731. 21 Net amount to be accounted for_--------------------------11, 877.45 Gross amount expended-------------------------- ---- $9, 094. 69 Less receipts from sales__ -731. 21 7-------------------------- 8, 363.48 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 __________-----3, 513.97 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance_ - __ -- __--__-__ _ 112,.000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. 910 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 2 8 16. BAYOU GROSSETETE, LA. The project is 60 per cent completed. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year and no balance is available. No work is now proposed, as the improvement is considered adequate for the existing commerce. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1924, page 865. Commercia;statistics.-Acomparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 487 ----......-------- 1923..----------142,208 $1,332, 1926---------- 113, 536 $869, 418 ......... 1924.-------- 187,146 1,218,341...........------------. 1927.---------- 40, 335 368,055 1925---------. 144,248' 1,111,903----------... The tonnage for the calendar year 1927 consisted principally of logs. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 5 feet. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 192:8-------------------------- $29, 392. 49 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928------------------------ 16, 471. 44 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------45, 863. 93 Net total expenditures-------- --------------------------- 45, 863.93 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 -- -- ---- 45, 863.93 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work.......... ................. ............................... Cost of maintenance........ .............. ............ ---- ...... .....- --........... ---------------------- $10, 005.42 Total expended ........................... -136.07 Allotted.----------------------------------- ----.--- .... - -13....................07...... Deduction on account of revocation of allotment ------------------- $136. 07 Gross amount expended-------------------------------- $0.00 Less receipts from sales-------- --------------------- 136. 07 - 136. 07 17. BAYOU TECHE, LA. Location and description,.-Bayou Teche has its source in Bayou Courtableau, in St. Landry Parish, and flows in a southeasterly direc- tion a distance of 125 miles, to where it joins the lower Atchafalaya River, about 101/2 miles above Morgan City, La. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1116.) The portion under improve- ment is from its mouth to Arnaudville, La., a distance of 1061/2miles. Bayou Teche is tidal to Keystone Lock, and above that lock varies with the pool level. The bayou has surface widths of 50 to 350 feet and a watershed area of 320 square miles. Oipna condb'tion.-Bayou Teche was navigable during high water to its head at Bayou Courtableau. An examination in 1880 RIVERS AND HARBORS NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 911 showed the bed of the stream just below Bayou Courtableau to be several feet above low-water stage and in places overgrown with trees and underbrush. The stream has been shoaling for years, due to sediment carried into it from drainage ditches and the washing of banks. There was formerly a channel 4 feet deep at mean low water to St. Martinville, 751/2 miles above its mouth, which was obstructed with logs, snags, fallen and overhanging trees, and wrecks. At high water boats ascended to Breaux Bridge, about 15 miles farther. Previous projects.-The first examination of Bayou Teche was undertaken under authority of the river and harbor act March 2, 1829. The original project for improvement was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 11, 1870, and appropriations made from time to time thereafter until the adoption of the existing project by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890. Prior to the adoption of the project of 1870, $700 was expended for surveys. The cost and expenditures under the project of 1870 were $45,004.43 for new work, making the total cost and expenditures $45,704.43 prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1890. For further details of previous project see page 1851, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep and 80 feet wide on the bottom from the mouth of stream to New Iberia, La., 54.5 miles, thence 6 feet deep and 60 feet wide on the bottom to Keystone Lock, 18 miles, and thence 6 feet deep and 50 feet wide on the bottom to Arnaudville, La.,, 34 miles, to be secured by dredging, removing snags and overhanging trees, and construction of a lock and dam and other regulating works. The plane of reference is mean Gulf level. The lock is at Keystone Plantation, 721/2 miles above the mouth of the bayou and 4 miles above New Iberia, La., by road or 18 miles by water. It consists of partly solid and partly reinforced concrete walls and floor on pile foundation and has two sets of timber miter gates, a length between miter sills of 183 feet 103/4 inches, a clear width of 36 feet, a depth over sill at mean Gulf of 8 feet, and a lift of 8 feet. The dam is of the timber rock-filled type, 175 feet long, with a crest 8 feet above mean Gulf level, and rests on a pile foundation. The lock and dam were completed June 30, 1913, at a cost of $257,720.48. An auxiliary dam about 5 miles from Arnaudville, La., across Bayou Vermilion, 135 feet from the junction of Bayous Fusilier and Borbeaux, controlling the flow be- tween Bayous Teche and Vermilion, is 73 feet long, with a 28-foot spillway. There are also four controlling gates, each 31/2 feet in the clear, in Spanish Lake Canal, between Bayou Teche and Spanish Lake, about 1 mile from Keystone Lock, La. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide is about 10 inches at the mouth, 4 inches just below the lock, and zero above the lock, the extreme range of tide being about 12 inches, 6 inches, and zero, respectively. The variation of the water surface in Bayou Teche above Keystone Lock due to freshets is from 2 to 7 feet, while just below the lock it has been as high as 12 or 15 feet and near the mouth about 4 or 5 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1928, is $850,000, ex- clusive of amount expended on previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance from mouth to Arnaudville is $6,000. 14710---ENG 1928---58 912 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The river and harbor act of September 19, 1890, pro- vided for the limitation of expenditure of funds by the improve- ment of the stream from its mouth to St. Martinville by removing snags and other obstructions and by dredging (Annual Report for 1889, p. 1532); the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, provided for the construction of the lock and dam and the extension of the improvement to Arnaudville (H. Doc. No. 527, 59th Cong., 1st sess.); the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, provided for the increased channel dimensions from the mouth to Keystone Lock (H. Doc. No. 1329, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 288, Sixty-sixth Congress, first session. Recommended modification of project.None. Local cooperation.-Expenditurefor 6-foot navigation to Arnaud- ville, La., was "contingent upon all lands necessary for lock and dam purposes and canal feeders being deeded to the United States free of cost, and upon the United States being secured against pos- sible claims for damages resulting from the overflow of lands by reason of lock and dam improvement or from the draining of Span- ish Lake." The land for lock and dam site was deeded to the United States in 1909. Personal bonds, dated August 4, 1909, were given to the amount of $10,000 to secure the United States against the above-mentioned claims and were accepted September 29, 1909. The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, provided '"that no expense shall be incurred by the United States for acquiring any lands or easements required for the purpose of this improvement." Terminal facilities.-Between the mouth and Breaux Bridge there are a few small private wharves. Steamboats operating on the bayou load or discharge their cargo directly on the banks by means of a gangplank. The sugar refineries, which are numerous, generally have warehouses on the bayou bank with small wharves leading to the water's edge. There are several small crane derricks; at the refineries there are generally large crane hoists or aerial tramways operated by steam or electricity for transferring cane from barges to the refineries. Just above Franklin, La., at the Sterling Sugar Refinery, there is an interchange of freight between the Franklin & Abbeville Railroad and the E. C. Taylor Co. (Inc.) barge line. Through rates exist from the mouth to Jeanerette, at which point there is a slip about 400 feet long, the Franklin & Abbeville Railroad tracks paralleling the slip. Barges are towed to this slip and cargo is transferred from barge to car by means of conveyers. Sawmills have their own log-handling facilities. The terminal facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. Practically all wharves are privately owned, but public landing is permitted with- out charge. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-This improvement connects with Plaque- mine waterway and the Mississippi River and gives a through water- way to New Orleans, La. The increased dimensions of the channel have reduced the cost of transportation by making it possible for larger boats, barges, and tows to operate. Operations and results d~uring fiscal yea.-From July 1 to Sep- tember 24, 1927, the U. S. dredge Grosetete obtained a channel 8 by 60 feet from New Iberia for a distance of about 3 miles down- RIVERS AND HARBORS NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 913 stream. From July 1 to 28, 1927, the U. S. dredge Delatour obtained a channel 8 by 80 feet between miles 45 and 46, and also widened by 20 feet the channel obtained by the Grossetete,for a distance of about 2.2 miles between Jeanerette and New Iberia, this widening being done from May 21, 1928, to the end of the fiscal year. The material removed by the Grossetete amounted to 96,982 cubic yards and that removed by the Delatour to 200,009 cubic yards, a total of 296,991 ;cubic yards. The total costs were $35,026.16, all for new work. The total expenditures were $23,786.77. Condition at end of fiscal 'year.-The lock and dam were completed in 1913. The dredging and snagging done in 1916 completed that part of the existing project for the 6 by 50 foot channel from Arnaud- ville to Keystone Lock. The contract dredging done in 1918 to 1920 completed that part of the previous project for a 6 by 50 foot channel from Keystone Lock to mile 39.7 above the mouth. The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, authorized an increase in bottom width to 60 feet for the channel from Keystone Lock to New Iberia, on which no work has yet been done; it also authorized an 8 by 80 feet channel from New Iberia to the mouth, which is about 98 per cent completed. From the mouth to mile 5.8 a channel 8 by 80 feet or greater already existed, and a new channel has been excavated 8 by 80 feet from this point to mile 48.8, about 5 miles below New Iberia, and 8 by 60 feet from this point to New Iberia. The lock and dam are in good condition. The channel conditiong are good from the mouth to St. Martinville and fair from there to Arnaudville. The controlling depths on June 30, 1928, at mean Gulf level were: Mouth to New Iberia, 8 feet; New Iberia to Breaux Bridge, 6 feet; Breaux Bridge to Arnaudville, 4 feet; available throughout the year. The work yet to be done to complete the project is the widening of the channel to a bottom width of 80 feet from mile 48.8 to New Iberia, and to a bottom width of 60 feet from New Iberia to Keystone Lock. The whole project is about 90 per cent completed. The total cost under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year has been $806,209.73, of which $.699,108 was for new work and $107,101.73 for maintenance. The total expenditurds under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $843,129.46. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to expend as much as may be necessary of the balance unexpended on July 1, 1928 ($36,552.29) in new work, in completing the 8-foot channel up to New Iberia, by Government plant, as follows: Payment of outstanding liabilities-------------------- ----------- $4, 036. 77 Operation of U. S. dredge Delatour, 3 months---------------------21, 000. 00 Supervision and office expenses ________ _ ---- 2, 515. 52 Total_----------- -------------------------- 27, 552, 20 It is expected that the available funds will be expended at an average rate of about $9,000 per month, beginning with July 1, 1928, and that the work will be completed by the end of September, 1928, leavi g a balance of about $9,000 unexpended. Ng(additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930, as the 8-foot channel up to New Iberia will have been completed before that time, and the channel above New Iberia is sufficient for the present and prospective needs of navigation. 914 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. AR1MY, 1928 Commercial statistics.--A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Calendaryear Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1923----------..... 357, 022 $2, 736,144-_------ 1926..... .- 143, 763 $2, 630, 695 -..... 1924--------- 277, 584 3,834, 255 55 1927---------- 74, 476 2, 532, 759 1925----...... 241, 468 4, 909, 270 24 The tonnage for the calendar year 1927 consisted principally of cane (sugar), sugar, hay and feed, lard compound, logs (rafted), fuel oil, and flour. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 6 feet. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928__________________________ 744, 812. 43 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928____ .__- _____- ____ 107, 101. 73 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928_- --- ___- 851, 914. 16 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928___________ 40, 935. 50 Net total cost to June 30, 1928--------___- 892, 849. 66 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928_-------- --__-_____- 4, 015. 77 Net total expenditures-.....----------- __ - -- 888, 833. 89 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928------------ ------- __ 36, 552. 29 -Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928--__ -- __ -__ 925, 386. 18 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work---- ------------- ------------------------------------ $35,026.16 Cost of maintenance------------------- -------- _-_- _----_, ---- Total expefded..----------------------- $75, 049.83 $7, 048.96 $19, 577.03 $98, 757. 48 23, 786. 77 Allotted ---------------------------- 2,000.0000 3, 000.00 40,000.00 33,000.00 25,264.63 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 ---------------------------- $35, 074. 43 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 12, 1925-------------------------- $3, 605. 06 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Fed. 23, 1927- -------------------- ___ 25, 058. 88 28, 663. 94 Amount to be accounted for---------------------------- 63, 738. 37 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment-----------------3, 399. 31 Net amount to be accounted for-------------- - 60, 339. 06 Gross amount expended--------------------------- 27,538. 58 Less receipts from sales_ --------------------- 3,751. 81 23, 786. 77 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928__ ----------------------- 36. 552. 29 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928--------------------------- 4.036. 77 Balance available June 30, 1928------------------------32, 515.52 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 123, 000. 00 1E)xclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 915 18. OPERATING AND CARE OF PLAQUEMINE LOCK, LA. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Bayou Plaquemine, Grand River, and Pigeon Bayous, La. (See pp. 906 to 909 of this report, where gen- eral information may be found.) The completed lock has been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropria- tion since July 1, 1909. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The lock and grounds were maintained in good condition and all necessary routine work thereon performed. There were 3,323 boats and rafts passed through the lock. In August, 1927, the U. S. dredge Delatour removed 25,800 cubic yards of deposit from the river entrance and 13,290 cubic yards from the lock chamber and lower entrance. Spoil dredged from slip was graded. Lock gates were painted. Four broken snubbing posts were renewed. The two main pumps were repaired. Barge No. 4 was repaired. Assistance was given in putting the U. S. dredge Grosse- tete in commission. Minor repairs were made as necessary to lock, gates, machinery, and buildings. Grass and weeds on reservation were kept cut. The total costs were $24,521.22, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $32,623.04. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The work of securing the entrance to Bayou Plaquemine against caving was completed in 1894. This consisted of five submerged spur dikes, 900 feet apart, with intervals protected by revetment; all are in good condition. The lock was completed in 1909, and the approaches, dredging, and fill in 1911, completing the existing project. The lock is equipped with a power house and office building, two lock master's dwellings, blacksmith shop, storehouse, workshop, and several outhouses, all in good condi- tion. The United States reservation comprises 19 acres. The total costs to theend of the fiscal year were $467,854.19, all for maintenance. The total expenditures to the end of the fiscal year were $477,731.64. Proposed operations.-The lock and grounds will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3. 1909. Commercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement ,Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1923_-________ 210,953 $6,796, 885 139 1926_-_____ __ 180, 328 $12, 521, 798 71 1924 .. .... 199, 440 5,963, 000 80 1927... ---- .. 138,085 7, 197, 049 234 1925_-- ._--- 194, 234 7, 254, 762 67 The tonnage for the calendar year 1927 consisted principally of oysters, mollasses, rice, wood (cord), lumber, and fuel oil. 916 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 2 8 19. OPERATING AND CARE OF KEYSTONE LOCK, BAYOU TECHE. LA.. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Bayou Teche, La. See pages 910 to 914 of this report, where general information may be found. The com- pleted lock and dam have been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since July 1, 1913. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The lock. dam, and grounds were maintained in good condition, and all necessary routine work thereon performed. There were 515 boats passed through the lock. Repairs caused by the flood of May and June, 1927, to the grounds, fences, buildings, lock gates, cribs, and dam were made. From outward appearances only the sheathing of the dam was dam- aged, but on tearing this out much more damage was discovered, and it was necessary that the top 6 feet of the entire dam should be re- newed. This work was carried on until December, 1927, when it was halted by high water, leaving about 40 feet of the total length of 175 feet to be replaced, this work will be completed as soon as water per- mits in the coming fiscal year. Ironwork on lock walls was painted. Piling and cribs were repaired and given a coat of tar. Minor re- pairs were made as necessary to buildings, lock gates, fences, etc.. Grass and weeds on reservation were kept cut. The total costs were $6,096.76, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $6,067.46. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The lock and dam were com- pleted in 1913 and are in good condition. The United States reserva- tion comprises 12.27 acres, on which there have been built three dwellings and the necessary storehouses and buildings, all of which are in good condition. The total costs to the end of the fiscal year were $64,430.50, all for maintenance. The total expenditures to the end of the fiscal year were $64,158.60. Proposed operations.-The lock, dam, and grounds will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite ap- propriation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of' March 3, 1909. Colmmercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1923 -.. 4, 201 $207, 920 42 1926 3, 013 $233, 071 116 1924 --------- 2, 567 247, 892 55 1927 2, 221 94, 014 190 1925 ... 2, 176 203, 490 24 The tonnage for the calendar year 1927 consisted principally of feed, logs, and moss. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 5 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 917 20. ATCHAFALAYA RIVER, MORGAN CITY TO THE GULF OF MEXICO, LA. Location, and description.-The Atchafalaya River is an outlet of the Mississippi as well as of the Red River. It begins at Old River, on the northern boundary of Pointe Coupee Parish and flows gen- erally south a distance of about 170 miles and empties into Atcha- falaya Bay, an inlet of the Gulf of Mexico. The section under im- provement is from the 20-foot contour in Atchafalaya Bay, 4 miles beyond the mouth of the Atchafalaya River, to the 20-foot contour in the Gulf of Mexico, a distance of about 153/ miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1116.) Original condition.-The natural 20-foot channel extended 4 miles from the mouth of the river into Atchafalaya nay. From this point to the 20-foot contour in the Gulf of Mexico, a distance of 153/4 miles, the available depth was only 7 feet at mean low water. Private parties had dredged two channels through this bay to deep water in the Gulf in order to give an ,outlet for a considerable commerce originating at or near Morgan City. These channels were dredged to depths of 10 feet and 14 feet, respectively. The older or 10-foot channel had filled and practically disappeared, and the above avail- able depth obtained in the newer channel. The Atchafalaya River, from Morgan City to the mouth, was navigable for all steamers that could enter the river. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 20 feet deep and 200 feet wide, extending from the 20-foot contour 4 miles beyond the mouth of the Atchafalaya River to the 20-foot contour in the Gulf of Mexico, the total length of channel being 153/4 miles. The project depth refers to mean low water. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide is about 10 inches, the extreme range of tide about 14 inches. During the hurricane of August, 1915, there was a rise of tide of about 10 feet. The estimated cost adopted in 1910 was $500,000 for new work. The latest (1916) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $120,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 669, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map accompanies House Document No. 410, Fifty-sixth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperatio .-- None. Terminal facilities.-There are wharves located at Morgan City, at which place there are several small private wharves and two large and three small public wharves open to the use of all without charge. There are no warehouses needed, as the business section is on the river front and all freight is transferred directly from boats to stores. The terminals are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Owing to the impossibility of maintaining the project channel through the shoal in Atchafalaya Bay, this improvement has been of practically no effect. 918 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Operations and results during fiscal year.-General supervision over the stream was exercised. The total cost was $8.14, all for maintenance. The total expendi- tures were - $1,097.44. Condition art end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1914. The controlling depth when last ascertained in March, 1922, was 6 feet over a short distance about 2 miles seaward of Eugene Light. The total cost under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year has been $654,728.37, of which $501,963.23 was for new work and $152,765.14 for maintenance. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $654,728.37. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to expend the balance unex- pended on July 1, 1928 ($2,610.75), in maintenance supervision and. office expenses, as may be necessary. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930, as no work is contemplated. Commercial statistics.-Comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement ATCHAFALAYA BAY SHIP CHANNEL Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1923.________- __ _____ 122, 695 $248,097 1926_______-_ .-- _ ______ 172, 567 $302,913 1924-------------_ ----. 142, 098 ___ 291,855 1927............__..... 278,684 1,819,529 1925_-----____ __-- ._ 149, 385 266, 138 The tonnage for the calendar year 1927 consisted principally of oysters and oyster shells. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 6 feet. ENTERING AND LEAVING MORGAN CITY, LA. Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value ..... 1923......-..-..... 528,981 $2, 435, 637 1926 ........- . ____......_ 793, 054 $4, 221, 735 _ -___ _-- 545,339 1924--...._-_-__ 2,755, 944 - --. 1927_- ________ . - 729, 524 2,643, 004 . ... 1925-______........... 777,211 2,638,568 The tonnage for the calendar year 1927 consisted principally of shells (oyster), shells (clam), oysters, logs (rafted), fuel oil, coal, and gasoline. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 6 feet. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928-----------------------------$501, 963. 23 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 128--------------------------- 152, 765. 14 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928-------------654, 728. 37 Net total expenditures-------_ ____.-. -- 6------ 54, 728. 37 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928- ------------------------------ ::2, 610. 75 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 .------- - 657, 339. 12 RIVERS AND HARBORS NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 919 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work----------------...------------.---------------- Cost of maintenance------------............---------------.....................................---------------------- ---.. $8.14 Total expended- - ___----------------------- $1,367. 44 $20. 66 $1. 87 $0. 45 -1, 097. 44 Allotted--.....---........-------------- -------- -------------- -------- -1,105.58 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927--------------------------------___ $2, 618. 89 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment-....------- 1, 105. 58 Net amount to be accounted for-____---------------------- 1, 513. 31 Gross amount expended------------------- --- _ $8. 14 Less receipts from sales _______________-_________-__-1, 105. 58 -- 1, 097. 44 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928------------------------ 2, 610. 75 21. TIHE LOUISIANA AND TEXAS INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY FROM THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER AT OR NEAR NEW ORLEANS. LA., TO COR- PUS CHRISTI, TEX. (NEW ORLEANS-SABINE RIVER SECTION) Location and description.-This section of the intracoastal water- way extends from the Mississippi River at or near New Orleans to the Sabine River, La. and Tex. The section from Mississippi River (New Orleans) to Atchafalaya River (Morgan City), La., prov;des for two routes, one following the Harvey Canal and certain other canals and streams for a total distance of 107.2 miles. The other route follows the Mississippi River to Plaquemine, Bayou Plaquemine, and the Grand River system to Morgan City, a total distance of 176 miles. The section from the Atchafalaya River (Morgan City) to Ver- m:lion River, La., will follow the Atchafalaya River, Little Wax Bayou, Possum Bayou, a new canal to be dug to Bayou Bartholomew, passing through Northbend Plantation, Bayou Bartholomew to Little Bay, an existing canal to be acquired running to the north edge of Cote Blanche Island, and a new canal to be dug, skirting Weeks Island and running westerly through the marsh to Vermilion River, a total distance of about 66.14 miles. The section from Vermilion River to Mermentau River, La., will follow Vermilion River, a part of the Schooner Bayou cut-off, and a new canal to be dug northwesterly to the Mermentau River, a total distance of about 43.8 miles. The section from the Mermentau River to Calcasieu River, La., will follow the route of the present 5 by 40 foot canal, leaving it near the western end and passing through the marsh to the mouth of Black Bayou in Calcasieu River, a total distance of about 36.44 miles. The section from the Calcasieu River to Sabine River, La. and Tex., will follow the Calcasieu River upstream from the end of the preceding section, and then southwesterly and westerly along the route of the present canal to the Sabine River, 3 miles below Orange, Tex., a total distance of 26.59 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1116.) Original condition.-The water-borne commerce of many small Sstreams of southern Louisiana, which flow into the Gulf of Mexico. 920 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 can not reach suitable markets by any all-water route without risk- ing exposure to dangers of open Gulf navigation, unless inland canals and waterways connecting these streams with deep-water ports are constructed. The portion of Louisiana bordering on the Gulf is very well adapted to the establishment of such canals and waterways, due to the existence of great numbers of lakes and streams, as well as low elevation of the land itself. Previous projects.-The original projects for the different sections of this:improvement were adopted by the following river and harbor acts: March 2, 1907; June 25, 1910; and March 2, 1919. Subsequent acts made certain modifications in the channel dimensions, changes of alignment, purchase of canals, etc.-acts of March 3, 1909; Feb- ruary 27, 1911; July 25, 1912; August 8, 1917; July 18, 1918; and September 22, 1922. The total cost of work under these projects has been $2,288,720.42, of which $2,147,062.99 was for new work and $141,657.43 for maintenance. The total expenditures have been $2,296,411.60. In addition, $273,266.97 of contributed funds has been expended for new work. (For further details of previous projects see pp. 878-895 of Annual Report for 1924.) Eisting project.-This provides for a waterway from the Mis- sissippi River at or near New Orleans, via two routes to Morgan City, La., thence via one route to the Sabine River, La., and Tex., having a depth of 9 feet at mean low water and a bottom width of 100 feet, with appropriate side slopes, and for the purchase or construc- tion of a pipe-line dredge. The length of this section of the water- way is 348.97 miles via the northerly or Plaquemine route and 280.17 miles via the southerly or Harvey (Canal route. Maintenance of a channel 5 feet deep at mean low water and 40 feet wide on.bottom, with appropriate side slopes and overcut, from the Mississippi River at or near New Orleans to Morgan City, La., via the Harvey and the Company Canals; and the maintenance of a 5 by 40 foot channel along other sections of the route, author- ized by the acts cited in Previous projects, until the completion of the 9 by 100 foot channel described above, are contemplated. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide is about 10 iiches and the extreme about 14 inches. A severe storm may cause a high tide of from 6 to 9 feet. The estimate of cost of new work of the 9 by 100 foot waterway, revised in 1927, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects, is $9,752,000, including $500,000 for a dredge, with $185,000 annually for maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1925, and January 21, 1927 (H. Doc. No. 238, 68th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published maps are in this document. Recomnended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, provides that no expense shall be incurred by the United States for acquiring any lands required for the purpose of this improvement, that local interests shall defray the cost of constructing or remodel- ing all highway bridges, together with their subsequent maintenance and operation, and shall furnish, without cost to the United States all rights of way and necessary spoil-disposal areas; and that work on the New Orleans-Sabine River section shall not be comnmenced RIVERS AND HARBORS NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 921 until the Secretary of War has received satisfactory assurances that there will be available by the date of its completion adequate vessels, terminals, and auxiliary equipment for the economical handling of at least 500,000 tons of commerce annually. It is understood that interested parties have begun negotiations looking toward compliance with these conditions. It is impracticable to state any date for completion of this cooperation. Terminal facilities.-At the Mississippi River end of the Harvey Canal there is a Government-owned wharf open to all, free of charge. On Bayou Terrebonne, at Houma, there are several small privately owned wharves. On the Atchafalaya River, at Morgan City, there are two large and three small wharves open to all without charge; there are also several private wharves. There are no other wharves along this proposed waterway, but loading and unloading of freight may be done on the banks, a method that is suitable for the present. The terminal facilities are considered adequate for the existing com- merce on the present small waterway. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No.652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improve t.-The proposed waterway will penetrate a rich agricultural region poorly served by railroads, but well supplied with natural waterways which will serve as feeders to the canal. It will also provide a means of transportation of through freight be- tween Texas, southern and southwestern Louisiana, and New Orleans :and cities on the Ohio and other tributaries of the Mississippi River. Operations and results dcuring fiscal yeas.-General supervision -over the waterway was exercised. Enlargement of the entire Calcasieu to Sabine section to 30 by 125 feet was carried on by hand at the expense of Calcasieu Parish under War Department permit and was completed in November, 1927. As maintenance work on the 5 by 40 foot canal, between October 24, 1927, and January 10, 1928, the U. S. dredge Delatour removed 8,736 cubic yards of material in a length of 900 feet at the east end of Grand Lake, 9,436 cubic yards in a length of 900 feet at the west end of Collicon Lake, 131,167 cubic yards from ther whole length of the Schooner Bayou Cut-off, and 85,319 cubic yards from the eastern entrance to Harvey Canal No. 2. Field work of the section between Harvey and Morgan City, La., in progress at the beginning of this fiscal year, was completed on October 26, 1927. Office work of preparation of maps and estimates and collection of data for use in obtaining rights of way, and in preparation of specifications, was carried on thereafter and was still in progress at the end of the fiscal year. Procurement of easement deeds, preparation of abstracts, and re- searches into titles were carried on throughout the year by local parties; this work was still in progress at the end of the fiscal year. Abstracts of title covering lands in Vermilion Parish were trans- mitted to the United States district attorney on February 24, 1928, and were still in his hands at the close of the fiscal year. Abstracts for the other parishes (Jefferson, Lafourche, Terrebonne, St. Mary, Iberia, Cameron, and Calcasieu) have not been completed. but good progress has been made and most of them are expected to be ready within the next two months. 922 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Under an agreement with Calcasieu Parish excavation of the new eastern entrance of the Calcasieu to Sabine section to 12 by 90 feet was completed on December 12, 1925, at a cost of $52,682. No pay- ment was to be made until title to the strip of land through which this portion runs had been approved. Title was approved by the Attorney General of the United States on January 16, 1928, and pay- ment was made on February 7, 1928. The total costs were $45,732.59, of which $28,901.17 was for main- tenance under the previous project and $16,831.42 for new work under the existing project, as follows: Previous projects, maintenance: Dredging by U. S. dredge Delatour----------------------- $25, 798. 0 Supervision and office expenses------------------------ 3, 103. 14 Total---- ----------------------------------- 28., 901. 17 Existing project, new work : Expenses of survey---------------------------- 14, 974. 49 Supervision and office expenses ------------------------- 1, 856.93 Total_ -------------------------------------- 16, 831.42 Total ----------------------------------- 45, 732. 59 Funds to the amount of $12,000 were advanced by private parties, out of which $9,388.73 were expended by the United States in sur- veying a portion of the Harvey Canal route, together with $5,585.76. balance from $10,000 advanced by private parties in fiscal year 1927; the net expenditures from funds advanced were $14,974.49 and are included in above statement and the total expenditures. The total expenditures were $84,651.61, of which $67,733.70 was for previous projects and $16,917.91 for existing project. Condition art end of f7scal yeai.-The Harvey Canal and Harvey Canal No. 2 were purchased and possession taken on March 10, 1924: the Company Canal was purchased and possession taken on June 17. 1925; a 5 by 40 foot channel was completed in Bayou Black on De- cember 21, 1921; in the Houma Canal on August 30, 1924; in the Vermilion River to Schooner Bayou Cut-off on April 27, 1923; and from Mermentau River to Calcasieu River on December 19, 1922; the 12 by 90 foot canal from Calcasieu River to Sabine River was colm- pleted on December 12. 1925. No construction work has yet been done on the existing 9 by 100 foot project. The controlling depths at mean low Gulf on June 30, 1928. were as follows: From the Mis- sissippi River to the Atchafalaya River, via the Plaquemine route. 7 feet, and via the Harvey route 5 feet; from the Atchafalaya River to the Vermilion River, 5 feet; from the Vermilion River to the Mermentau River, 5 feet; from the Mernientau River to the Cal- casieu River, 5 feet; and from the Calcasieu River to the Sabine River, 30 feet. The total costs under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $44,774.40 for new work. The total expenditures were $44,860.89. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the balance unex- pended on July 1, 1928 ($1,920,615,71), in maintenance redredging and in new work, as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS NEW ORLEANS, LA,, DISTRICT 923 Maintenance redredging by United States plant where necessary__ $75, 000. 00 Design of lock and repayment of funds advanced_______________ 28,000.00 Construction of one dredge----------------------------------- 500, 000. 00 Construction of railroad bridge at Bayou Sale _______________ 100, 000. 00 Contract dredging, 9 by 100 foot channel, 7,900,000 cubic yards __ 1, 185, 000. 00 Supervision and office expenses __________---- - 32, 615. 71 Total ,920,615. 71 1--------------------------------- It is impracticable to state the rate of expenditure of these funds, as this will depend upon approval of titles to the land traversed. The additional sum of $1,600,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930 in continuing new work under the project, as follows : Contract dredging, 10,000,000 cubic yards______________________ $1,550, 000. Supervision and office expenses 50,000 Total----------------------------------------------- 1, 600, 000 Commercial statistics. The commerce for the different sections of the waterway for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement MISSISSIPPI RIVER TO BAYOU TECHE SECTION Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1923__________ .... 23, 615 $324,400 -_ -- .-- 1926_----------127,673 $9,424, 513 6, 921 19241 ...... 166, 501 12, 664, 064 3, 457 1927 -_....... 153, 925 7,508, 988 11,302 1925---- -- 166, 536 13, 108, 487 6, 270 The tonnage for the calendar year 1927 consisted principally of oysters, farm and dairy products, rice, cane (sugar), logs (rafted), crossties, fuel oil, gasoline, coal, and ice. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 7 feet. FRANKLIN TO MERMENTAU RIVER SECTION Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1923.........- 8, 705 $726, 645 8, 178 1926-------- .........-- 4, 583 $289, 200 7, 660 1924------_ -- 2, 681 351, 989 7,301 1927-.......... 5,626 280, 788 6, 697 1925_......... 1,535 160,282 6, 359 The tonnage for the calendar year 1927 consisted principally of oysters, cottonseed, cotton, lumber, fuel oil, and iron and steel. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 5 feet. MERMENTAU RIVER TO CALCASIEU RIVER SECTION Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1923------ 11,821 ................----------- $305,465 -------------------- 23,461 1926...................... $429,912 1924 ..................... 13,438 368,398 ---- 23,249 447 816, 1927----..............-----------........ 1925 --------------------- 22,536 547,297 The tonnage for the calendar year 1927 consisted principally of rice, lumber, oil (crude and refined), iron and steel, and cattle. The draft of vessels varied from 3 to 6 feet. 924 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 CALCASIEU RIVER TO SABINE RIVER SECTION Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1923.... ----- . 20,698 $1,054, 968 21 1926_ __ 22,178 $335,652 . 1 14 ......--------- 30,526 1,078,918 - 1927_---------- 254,979 5,550,546 784 1925---------- 66, 466 893, 599------------- The tonnage for the calendar year 1927 consisted principally of livestock, rice, lumber, crude and fuel oil, and machinery. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 28 feet. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928_ $2, 191, 837. 39 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 --------------------------- 141, 657. 43 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928----------- 2, 333, 494. 82 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928----------- 6, 908. 41 Net total cost to June 30, 1928_______ 2, 340, 403. 23 Add accounts receivable June 30, 1928 ------ 1, 170. 50 Gross total costs to June 30, 1928________ ---- __--------2, 341, 573. 73 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928___ __-------------- 301.24 Net total expenditures , 341, 272.49 2-------------------------------- Unexpended balance June 30, 1928______ _________-----1, 920, 615. 71 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928--------------- 4, 261, 888. 20 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work ....... .- -.. _ . -- ..- $16, 831.42 Cost of maintenance . ... ......----------...----------- - - 28, 901. 17 Total cost ... --------------- ..------------- . -------- 45,732.59 --------------------.. Total expended --------------------- $1,006,838.73 $193, 795. 95 $83, 395. 75 $9, 781.40 84, 651. 61 Allotted..-------------------------------------- 75, 000.00 --------- , 240, 000. 0 741,596.20 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927________________-____ $1, 263, 671. 12 Amount allotted from War Department appropri- ation act approved Mar. 23, 1928______________ $771, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropri- ation act approved Feb. 23, 1927--------------- 8, 668. 34 Amount advanced by local interests under section 11 of the river and harbor act of Mar. 3, 1925 12, 000. 00 ------- 791, 668. 34 Amount to be accounted for______--------------------- 2, 055, 339. 46 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment________________ 50, 072. 14 2, 005, 267. 32 Gross amount expended-------------------------- 106, 313. 09 Less receipts from sales _________ ___________ 21, 661. 48 84, 651. 61 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928_----------------------- 1, 920, 615. 71 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928________________-_-- - 199. 79 Balance available June 30, 1928_______________________ 1, 920, 415. 92 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1---------------------------------------- 7, 870, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for new work' - ------- -- 1, 600, 000. 00 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 925 22. OPERATING AND CARE OF HARVEY CANALS AND LOCK, LA. Location and description.--Harvey Lock is located at Harvey, La., opposite New Orleans, about 31/2 miles above Canal Street. It has an available length of 150 feet, a width of 29 feet 11 inches, and a depth of 6.5 feet on sills at low water. Harvey Canal connects with this lock and is 5.5 miles long. Harvey Canal No. 2 is about 7.2 miles long, and connects Lake Salvador with Bayou Lafourche; it is sepa- rated by about 24.3 miles from Harvey Canal following the present existing route. The lock is of concrete on pile foundations; the gates are steel, of the mitering type. Original condition.-Prior to purchase by the United States on March 10, 1924, this lock and canals were privately owned and were operated on a toll basis. They formed a navigable connection be- tween New Orleans and the Barataria and Lafourche country, for- merly without such means of communication. Previous project.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the purchase of the Harvey Canals and lock and was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 610, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). Recommended modifications of project. None. Local coo peration.-None. Terminal facilities.-Justbelow the bridges there is a Government- owned wharf open to all free of charge. There are several small private wharves in the first mile of the canal, below the bridges. There are no terminal facilities on Harvey Canal No. 2. Effect of improvement.-The elimination of tolls, the removal of an obstructive bridge, and the repairs to the lock have noticeably increased commerce. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-The lock, canals, bridge, and grounds were maintained in good condition, and all necessary routine work thereon performed. There were 4,696 boats passed through the lock, and 6,456 others operating in Harvey Canal and using the wharf but not passing through the lock. There were also 3,838 others using Harvey Canal No. 2 only. Deposit was removed twice from lock chamber with pump barge. The U. S. dredge Delatour removed 2,610 cubic yards of deposit from the river approach and lock chamber. 20,185 cubic yards from between the lock and the bridges, and 15,000 cubic yards from the canal below the shipyard slip. The west bulkhead was straightened and 75 feet of it rebuilt, and 200 cubic yards of earth filling placed behind it. Thirty obstructive worn-out piles were removed from the east side of the canal. Ten snubbing posts were placed at river entrance. Two hundred feet of river plank revetment were renewed and 100 feet of old revetment repaired. A hole just below the lock gates was filled with 188 tons of riprap to prevent further erosion. Twelve feet of miter post of lock gate No. 4 was renewed. Pontoon was repaired. Barge No. 1 was remodeled for use as a pump and pile-driver barge, and hoisting engine was overhauled. Foundation was built for band saw. Lock gates were scaled and painted. House No. 23 was reroofed. Filter tanks were cleaned as necessary and sand renewed. Minor repairs were made as necessary to buildings, fences, lock gates, and launch. Grass and weeds on reservation were kept cut. 926 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 The total costs were $34,584.94, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $35,462.63. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The lock and canals have been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropria- tion since March 10, 1924. The amount paid for Harvey Canal No. 1 was $425,000, and for Harvey Canal No. 2, $90,000. The lock is of concrete, with limiting width of 29 feet 11 inches at the lower gate buttresses, and available length of 150 feet; the depth on the sills is 61/2 feet at low water in the Mississippi River. The miter gates are of steel I beams, electrically operated by spar rack and gear wheel; the filling and emptying valves, two of each, are in the gates and are hand operated by rack and wheel. The lock and gates are in good condition. The lock reservation, running from the Mississippi River to the right of way of the Texas & Pacific Railway, has an average length of about 1,250 feet, with front width of about 516 feet, and rear width of about 470 feet, and contains about 14 acres, inclusive of the lock and canal. The Harvey Canal reservation, running from the Jefferson Parish highway right of way to Bayou Little Barataria, has a width of 300 feet between parallel lines and a length of 26,906 feet, and contains about 185 acres, inclusive of the canal. The Har- vey Canal No. 2 reservation, formerly known as the Harang Canal, running from Lake Salvador to Bayou Lafourche, has a width of 300 feet between parallel lines, and a length of about 7.2 miles, and contains about 260 acres, inclusive of the canal. Both these canals are in good condition. One bridge is owned by the United States at the extreme western end of Harvey Canal No. 2, where it enters Bayou Lafourche; this is in fair condition. All buildings on the lock reservation are in fair condition. The total costs to the end of the fiscal year were $163,826.25, all for maintenance. The total expenditures to the end of the fiscal year were $168,268.33. Proposed operations.-The lock, canals, bridge, and grounds will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appropriation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1923_-.. -_151, 558 $7, 623, 957 515 1926_.... . 126, 212 $9, 398, 557 6, 921 1924-- --.... 147, 224 12, 247, 672 3, 437 1927-----------150, 563 7,493,281 11, 302 1925.......... 156, 940 13, 058, 305 6, 270 The tonnage for the calendar year 1927 consisted principally of farm and dairy products, sea foods, molasses, rice, logs (rafted), crossties, fuel oil, gasoline, coal, and sand and gravel. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 7 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 927 23. OPERATING AND CARE OF HANSON CANAL, LA. Location and description.--Hanson Canal leaves the right bank of Bayou Teche about 14.5 miles above its mouth and about 1.5 miles below the town of Franklin. Its easterly end is about 25 miles from Morgan City and its westerly end is about 21/2 miles from the location of the Louisiana and Texas Intracoastal Waterway, with which it connects through Bayou Portage. It is 4.1 miles long and is tidal for its whole length. The lock is 937 feet long between gate buttresses and 30 feet wide, with a depth of 5 feet at low water. The lock is crossed by one highway and two railroad bridges, all fixed, the minimum horizontal clearance being 26.5 feet and the vertical 9.3 feet above low water. The gate buttresses are of concrete and the lock chamber of earth, with sheet-pile bulkheads between the but- tresses and at each entrance. The gates are of the wooden mitering type. Original condition.-Prior to purchase by the United States on October 16, 1923, this canal was privately owned, and was operated solely for boats belonging to the owners, no others being allowed to use the lock or canal. It formed a shbrt cut between Bayou Teche and West Cote Blanche Bay and points to the westward. Previous project.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the purchase of the Hanson Canal at a cost not to exceed $65,000, and was authorized by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912. Recommended m odification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-A safe route without exposure to dan- gers of open Gulf navigation, has been opened to small boats oper- ating between Bayou Teche and West Cote Blanche Bay; traffic is now open to all parties. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The lock, canal, and grounds were maintained in good condition and all necessary routine work thereon performed. There were 1,411 boats passed through the lock. Construction of new lower lock gates was completed. Plank revet- ment of lower gate buttresses was renewed. Sunken logs were removed from the canal. Electric-light system for lock and dwell- ings was installed. Lock houses were painted. The total costs were $4,010.73, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $3,961.26. Condition at end of fiscal year.-This property was acquired by the United States on October 16, 1923, at a cost of $65,000, since which date it has been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation. The lower lock gates are in poor condition; the upper ones are new; the revetment and canal are in fair condi- tion; the buildings are in excellent condition. The United States owns a strip of land 300 feet wide between parallel lines running from Bayou Teche to Bayou Portage, a distance of about 4.1 miles, and containing about 148 acres. The total costs to the end of the fiscal year were $19,323.93, all for maintenance. 14710---ENG 1928----59 928 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 The total expenditures to the end of the fiscal year were $19,041.54. Proposed operations.-The lock, canal, and grounds will be oper- ated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appropriation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.--A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1923----------... . 53,181 $221,583------------.......1926 .... 17, 816 $153,169 - 1924_------- --- 54,321 386,987 .....------------ 1927 ......---------- 6, 015 97,204 1925---------- 72,818 625 515, The tonnage for the calendar year 1927 consisted principally of oysters, logs (rafted), and fuel oil. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 5 feet. 24. OPERATING AND CARE OF SCHOONER BAYOU LOCK, LA. Location and description.-Schooner Bayou Lock is 4.5 miles west of the mouth of Schooner Bayou and about 35 miles southwesterly from Abbeville, La. It is a tidal lock and was completed in 1913. It has a length between gates of 300 feet, a width of 36 feet, and a depth of 8 feet at mean Gulf datum. The gate buttresses are of concrete on pile foundation; the chamber is of earth, with pile and waling protection between buttresses; the gates are of wood, turning on horizontal hinges at the bottom. The spillway dam' is a wooden platform on piles and was completed in 1914. It has five wooden gates 12 feet 8 inches wide and 9 feet 11 inches high, hinged at the top to the framework of the dam; the sill of the darn is 6 feet below mean low Gulf. The+dam gates are kept closed whenever the Gulf water is higher than that of the canal. Original condition.-Prior to the construction of the canal and lock there was no connection between Vermilion Bay and White Lake, although traffic was possible between White Lake and the Mermentau River. Previous project.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the construction of the Schooner Bayou lock and dam and was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 640, 59th Cong., 2d sess.). Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The project provided that rights of way be furnished free of cost to the United States. The necessary land for the lock and dam was deeded to the United States and accepted March 13, 1909. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The lock gates are operated during the rice season to prevent access of salt water into the fresh-water reservoir of White Lake; the lock and canal give access to localities theretofore inaccessible. RIVERS AND HARBORS NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 99 Operations and results during fiscal year.-The lock, dam, and grounds were maintained in good condition and all necessary routine work thereon performed. There were 2,006 boats passed through the lock. Lock-gate cables were renewed. Upper lock-gate key was repaired. Waling, piling, and gates of spillway dam were painted. Sill of/ spillway was repaired. Sheet piling was driven at gate buttresses, and at ends of spillway and filling placed. Dwellings were painted. Wash shed blown down by storm was rebuilt. Low places in reser- vation were filled. Minor repairs were made to all buildings and to launch Calcasieu. Grass and, weeds on reservation were kept cut. The lock gates were operated to keep out salt water from September 15 to November 17, 1927. The total costs were $4,974.84, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $3,618.21. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The lock and dam were com- pleted in 1913 and 1914, respectively, at a cost of $40,018.10 for the lock and $8,500 for the dam; both are in good condition. The United States reservation consists of 2 acres, on which have been built three dwellings and the necessary storehouses and workshops, all of which are in good condition. The total costs to the end of the fiscal year were $77,611.03, all for maintenance. The total expenditures to the end of the fiscal year were $77,290.54. Proposed operations.-The lock, dam, and grounds will be oper- ated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appropriation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1923_--.-----. - 8, 705 $726, 645 8, 178 1926 - - - 4, 583 $289, 200 7, 660 1924__________ 2, 681 351, 989 7, 301 1927______ ___ 5, 626 280,788 6, 697 1925-.____-__- 1,535 160, 282 6, 359 The tonnage for the calendar year 1927 consisted principally of livestock, fuel oil, and iron and steel. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 5 feet. 25. BAYOU VERMILION, LA. Location an description.-BayouVermilion, also called Vermilion River, is formed by the junction of Bayous Fusilier and Bourbeau, west of Arnaudville, La., and flows in a southwesterly direction to the western end of Vermilion Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1116.) The length of the stream is about 71 miles, that of the section under improvement- being 51 miles, from near Lafayette, La., to Vermilion Bay. The stream has surface widths of from 50 to 400 feet and is tidal for the lower 25 miles. The area of the watershed is about 360 square miles. REPORT OP CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Or inala oodition.-The stream was navigable at its higher stages to a point about 49 miles above its mouth (Pinhook Bridge), but was obstructed, chiefly in the upper reaches, by snags, logs, fallen and overhanging trees, and shoals over which a depth of only 2 feet existed at low water. Below mile 40 the least depth was about 4 feet at mean low Gulf, increasing toward the mouth. There was a bar at the mouth, over which there was a depth of only 2 feet at low tide. Previous projects.- The original project for improvement was adopted by the rivers and harbors act of June 14, 1880, based on report submitted in House Executive Document No. 54, Forty-sixth Con- gress, second session. The cost and expenditures were $9,900 under this project prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1892. For further details of previous projects see page 762, Annual Report for 1914. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 51/2 feet deep (no width specified) at mean low Gulf from Vermilion Bay to the Southern Pacific bridge at Lafayette, La., a distance of 51 miles, to be obtained by dredging and removing obstructions. Under ordi- nary conditions the mean range of tide at mouth is 10 inches and the extreme 14 inches. The variation of water surface, near the mouth due to hurricanes, and in the upper reaches due to floods, is from 8 to 10 feet. The estimated cost of new work, adopted in 1892, exclusive of amount expended under previous project, was $25,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892 (H. Ex. Doc. No. 273, 51st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is printed opposite page 2549 of the Annual Report for 1917. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-At Bancker, Rosehill, Abbeville, and Pin- hook Bridge there are ordinary wharves. At Abbeville there is a public wharf open to all water carriers without charge, and a pri- vate one owned by the Southern Pacific Railroad, with conveyors for transferring freight from wharf to top of bank. Interchange of traffic, and through freight rates, exist between this railroad and the steamer Jos. B. Chaffe operating on the stream. Along the stream there are several derricks for loading cane on barges. Land- ings are generally made on the banks of the stream. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of impvrovemet.-Navigation has been rendered easier and a deeper channel has been maintained. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Supervision over the stream was exercised. An examination of the stream was made to ascertain what maintenance work was necessary. The, total expenditures were -$220. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted as regards dredging in 1883 and as regards snagging in 1896. The controlling depths on June 30, 1928, were as follows: Over bar :at mouth, 4 feet, mean low Gulf; mouth to Abbeville, 7 feet, mean low Gulf; Abbeville to Pinhook Bridge, 6 feet, mean low water, except RIVERS AND HARBORS NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICrT 931 at a few shoal spots at mouths of tributaries. These depths were available throughout the year. The head of navigation is at Pinhook Bridge, mile 49 from mouth. The total costs under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $113,180, of which $25,000 was for new work and $88,180 for maintenance. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $113,180. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the balance unex- pended on July 1, 1928 ($10,000), in maintenance of the channel by removing shoals and snags, by Government plant, as follows: Operation of U. S. dredge Grogsetete, .3 months,.---------------- $9400 Supervision and office expenses-------------------------------------- 600 .---------- Total-------.-----------------------. .. 10 000 It is expected that these funds will be expended from Septetbei~l to November 30, 1928. 'No funds can be profitably expended dtring the fiscal year 1930, as it is thought that no work will be necessary. Comimercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Total Total Calendar! _ Calendar year year Short tons Value Passengers Short tons Value Passengers - " 1923 ----------- 24,128 . 1923 24, 128 $383, 114 2, 445 1926 .-- _ -.- 15, 764 $308, 413 809 1924_ 9, 749 387, 665 1, 233 1927 ..-- .. 16, 527 305, 552 1, 716 1925 ---. 16, 1_-779 352,615 856 The tonnage for the calendar year 1927 consisted principally of cane (sugar), rice, oysters, cotton, cottonseed, and refined oil. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 5 feet. Cost and financial sumnary Cost of new work to Julie 30, 1928 -- --------- $34, 900 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928__ ___________________--- -- 88, 180 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 1----------------23, 080 Net total expenditures ------------------------------------------- 123,080 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928________ 10, 000 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928_ -- ------- 133, 080 Fiscal year ending June 30 Cost of new work . _.. . .- . . ----.. Cost of niaintenance-.... _ _ .... Total expended .... ......-......-- _ .- Allotted- -- 032 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIY, 1928 Amount allotted froim War, Department appropriation act approved Mar i23, ----------------------------- $10, 000 ------------ .928 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment-- 220 SNt amount to be accounted for---------------------------- 9, 780 ross am nt expended.-- ---------------------------------- $0. 00 Loss receipts from sales__---------------------------------220. 00 --- .-.- 220 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 000 1----------------------- 2. MERMEN7TAU RIVER, 'BAYOU NEZPIQUE, AND BAYOU DES CANNES, LA. ,The project was completed in 1918. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year and no balance is available. No work is now proposed, as the improvement is considered adequate for the existing r9: sci: p;fyl of this project, see Annual Report l description for 1925, page 86. gmnercia st estic.w.-A cmparatiye statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Total Calendar year -- Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Short tons Passengers 1923 --------- 10, 900 $304, 784 1926_ .-.. 26, 535 1924_-------_ 14,173 371,876 ------------ 1927 - 37,641 1925 .....----------- 14, 562 352, 564 ---------- The tonnage for the calendar year 1927 consisted principally of rice, logs (rafted), lumber, and fuel oil. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 5 feet. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928---------------------- -------- $27, 580. 35 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928--------------- ---- 19, 053. 58 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928--------------- 46, 633. 93 Net total expenditures------------------------------------------46, 633. 93 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928----------------------- 46, 633. 93 r . Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 cI t oi'i Cost of new work-------------------------- Cost of maintenance................---- -- Total expended --------------------------- $20. 34 -- - -$119. 52 Allotted ___-----.......................... - --.-- . .-- 119. 52 Deductions on account of revocation of allotment-------------------- $119. 52 Gross amount expended _.-- ___-.----- $0.00 Lss receipts from sales_____________-_________-_____ 119. 52 -119. 52 RIVERS AND ItARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRIC r 933 27. BAYOU QUEUE DE TORTUE, LA. The existing project was completed in 1923, at a saving of $11,645 under the estimated cost. The expenditures were -$1,368.72. No work is now proposed, as the improvement is considered adequate for the existing commerce. For a full description of this project, see Annual Report for 1924, page 904. Commercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Total Total Calendar year Calendar year Short tons Value Short tons Value 1923---------------------- 1,456 $36,743 1926..----------------- 547 $7, 052 1924----------------- 1,080 36,936 1927 ---- 2,568 28, 010 1925------ ---------------- 1, 804 54, 649 The tonnage for the calendar year 1927 consisted principally of fuel oil. The draft of vessels varied from 3 to 5 feet. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928------------------------------ $33, 355. 18 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928-----------------------------4, 276. 10 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928-------------- 37, 631. 28 Net total expenditures----------------------------------------- 37, 631. 28 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-----------------37, 631. 28 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new w ork ... . . . . . . . . ..- - - .- - - .-. .--- .- ...- Cost of maintenance .-- -.- .- - - ---- ------ .---- ------------- ----------.. . . . . Total expended_ $1, 382. 43 ---------------.. ---....-- ..---------..- $1, 368. 72 Allotted ------------------ .. .... ....- 1, 368.72 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment-------------------$1, 368. 72 Gross amount expended- ------------------------------ $0. 00 Less receipts from sales------------------------------1, 368. 72 - 1, 368. 72 28. BAYOU PLAQUEMINE BRULE, LA. Location and description.-Bayou Plaquemine Brule rises in the southwestern part of St. Landry Parish and flows about 75 miles in a southwesterly direction, discharging into Bayou des Cannes about 33/4 miles above Mermantau, La. The sectiori under improvement is from the mouth for a distance of about 19 miles to near Crowley, 934 REPORT OF CHIEr OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 La. The stream has widths from 60 to 150 feet, with a watershed area of about 360 square miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1116.) Original'conditioa.-The stream was in fairly good condition for 8 miles above its mouth, the remaining distance being obstructed by snags, overhanging trees, and drift. It had widths from 40 to 150 feet and depths from 4 to 35 feet. On account of obstructions only small boats used the stream. Previous pprojects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel with 6 feet depth at mean low Gulf and bottom width of 60 feet from the mouth to a point near Crowley, La., a distance of 19 miles, by dredging and removing obstructions. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide is about 2 inches at the mouth and nothing at the head, the extreme range being about 4 inches and nothing, respectively. Due to floods the variation of water surface is at times about 10 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1913, was $33,000. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 789, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). There is no published map. Recommended modiflcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None was imposed by law, but local interests furnished right of way for one cut-off, free of cost to the United States, which was accepted March 9, 1915. TerIninal facilities.-The town of Crowley constructed from the 19-mile point to Crowley a feeder canal and a large warehouse, both of which are open to all carriers without charge; loaded trucks are conveyed to top of wharf by gasoline hoist. Along the bayou land- ings-are made on the banks. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Obstructions have been removed, channel deepened, and navigation made possible. During the calendar year 1927 a large water commerce in rice developed between Crowley and Lake Charles, La., which formerly would have been impracticable. Freight is also delivered along the stream from railroad terminals at Crowley and Mermentau, La. Operations and results during fiscal year.-In the latter part of April the U. S. dredge Grossetete was overhauled and placed in com- mission and worked on removal of snags and fallen and overhanging trees from Bayou Plaquemine Brule from May 15 to the end of the fiscal year. There were removed 1,115 obstructions between the mouth and mile 9.5. The total costs were $8,498.25, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were $4,426.89. Condition at end of fiscai year.--The existing project was com- pleted in 1915. The channel for the lower 10 miles is in good con- dition; above this there are many obstructions, but these are being removed by the Grossetete. The controlling depth at mean low Gulf level on June 30, 1928, was 6 feet, available throughout the year. RIVERS AND HARBORS NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 935 The total costs under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $48,472.18, of which $32,759.90 was for new work and $15,712.28 for maintenance. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $44,426.89. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the balance unex- pended on July 1, 1928 ($7,547.04), in maintenance removal of obstructions by Government plant, as follows: Operation of dredge Grossetete, 2 months, July and August, 1928-- $7, 200. 00 Supervision and office expenses------------------------------------- 347. 04 Total---------------------------------------------------- 7, 547. 04 It is expected that the available funds will be expended in July and August, 1928. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930, as no work is contemplated. J Commercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1923---------------------- 1, 762 $22,586 1926---------------------- 2, 155 $17, 500 1924_ 5,787 106, 359 1927 --------------------- 7, 261 331, 318 1925---------------------- 1,000 13,065 The tonnage for the calendar year 1927 consisted principally of rice and fuel oil. The draft of vessels varied from 3 to 5 feet. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928------------------------------ $32, 759. 90 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928-____- ______------- 15, 712. 28 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928 ----------- 48, 472. 18 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928 --------------- 721.03 Net total cost to June 30, 1928-----..... __.------------- 49, 193. 21 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928 _________--___-__ 4, 766. 32 Net total expenditures------------ ------- 44, 426. 89 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928---------------------------- ---- 7, 547.04 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928----------------- 51, 973.93 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work-------... ....------------ ---------------------------....-------------- Cost of maintenance --------------------------------------------------------- $8, 498. 25 Total expended ------------------------------------------------------------- 4,426. 89 Allotted---------------------- ------------------------------------------- 11,973.93 936 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927 ..----------------------------------------------- $12, 000. 00 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment- -___ 26. 07 Net amount to be accounted for____________---------------------------- 11, 973. 93 Gross amount expended------------------------------ $4, 452.96 Less receipts from sales---------------- -- ------ 26.07 4, 426. 89 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928-------------------------- 7, 547. 04 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928-------------------------- 2, 848. 08 Balance available June 30, 1928___________________________ 4, 698. 96 29. CALCASIEU RIVER AND PASS, LA. Location and description.-CalcasieuRiver has its source in south- western Louisiana and flows in a generally southerly direction to the Gulf of Mexico. About 25 miles from the Gulf it debouches into Calcasieu Lake, which lake is about 18 miles long. The connection between the lake and the Gulf, about 7 miles long, is known as Cal- casieu Pass. The entire length of the stream is about 215 miles, and the portion under improvement extends from the mouth of the Pass through Calcasieu Lake up the river to Philips Bluff, a distance of 97 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1116.) The waterway is tidal to Lake Charles, La., and partly tidal from Lake Charles to Philips Bluff; has widths varying from 100 feet to over a mile and a drainage area of 3,475 square miles. Original condition.-The head of navigation in 1881 was at Jones Bluff, 72 miles from the Gulf, or 27 miles above Lake Charles. Occasionally small boats went up 12 miles farther. Above Jones Bluff to Philips Bluff, 25 miles, the river was obstructed with snags and sand bars and had a width of about 100 to 150 feet and a depth of 5 feet in places and was used for logging purposes. From Jones Bluff to Calcasieu Lake the stream had an average depth of 10 feet, mean low Gulf, with width varying from 200 to 600 feet, but was slightly obstructed above Lake Charles. Calcasieu Lake was very shallow near the shore, but had an aver- age depth of 6 feet over the middle portions. Bars existed at the upper and lower ends, over which the available depth was 5 and 31/2 feet, respectively. Calcasieu Pass had an average width of 600 feet and a depth of 12 feet, except over the bar in the Gulf, where there was a depth of only 5 feet. Previous projects.-The original project for this improvement was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 10, 1872. Subsequent appropriations were made by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1881, August 2, 1882, July 5, 1884, and August 11, 1888. The cost and expenditures prior to the adoption of the existing project, in 1890, were $46,488.05. For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1853. Existing project.-This provides for the construction of two con- verging jetties about 1.5 miles long, of brush and stone, at the Gulf entrance of the Pass, and dredging between them, if necessary, to RIVERS AND HARBORS NEW ORLEANS, :LA,, DISTRICT secure a 12-foot by 200-foot channel, from the: Gulf to the Pass,, 0o as to make the Pass serve as a harbor; for the dredging of the bam, at the head and foot of Calcasieu Lake to a depth of 8 feet, 80- feet wide, and revetment of the channel; for dredging a channelf2t feet deep and 90 feet wide from the city of Lake Charles to the entrance of the Calcasieu-Sabine section of the intracoastal waterway , dipth a turning basin 12 feet deep and 1,000 feet long by400 feet wide at the city of Lake Charles; also for the improvement of the river fr'9u Philips Bluff to its mouth, by removing logs, snags, and overhang- ing trees, and b dredging. Total length of improvement, 97 miles. Depths refer to mean low Gulf. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide is 10 inches at the mouth, diminishing to, zero at Philips Bluff. the extreme range of tide being 14 inches and zero, respectively. A high tide of 10 feet was recorded near the Nsoith during the storm of August, 1915. Freshets have caused rises of 18 or 20 feet in the extreme upper reaches.. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1928, is $475,090, which includes $25,500 for turning basin and that portion; of the 12 by 90 foot channel in Lake Charles, these estimates being exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $4,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of September 19. 1890, provided for the cun- struction of the converging jetties and dredging between ,them (Annual Report for 1887, p. 1402); the act of July 13, 1892, prqO- vided for the dredging of the bars at the head and foot of Qalcasieu Lake (Annual Report for 1891, p. 1829); a modification of the origi- nal project of 1872, dated May 12, 1881, provided for tlAhgeneral improvement of the river from Philips Bluff to its mouth, (tH. Ex. Doc. No. 46, 46th Cong., 3d sess.); and the act of September 22, 1922. provided for the 12 by 90 foot channel (H. Doe. No. 974,, 6,fth Cong.,, 3d sess.). The latest published map is printed opposite pagg 2468 of the Annual Report for 1916. Recon-rnecded modifications of project.--None. Local coo perat '.--The act of September 22, 1922,. adopted the project given in House Document No. 974, Sixty-sixth Congress, third session, and provided that "' no expense shall be incurred by the United States for acquiring any lands required for the purpose of this improvement." Under date of January 5, 1922. a permit was granted by the Assist- ant Secretary of War to the police jury of Calcasieu Parish to enlarge this river where necessary between Lake Charles and the ea ternend of the Calcasieun-Sabine section of the intracoastal water way to a depth of 30 feet, with a bottom width of 125 feet. Ter;i nal facilities.-At Cameron. Hackberry, Grand Lake, Wests Landing, and Lockport there are small private wharves for landing, which are open to the public on equal terms. There ips a semipublic wharf at Lake Charles, for which the municipality has granted a revocable permit under condition of general public use. Adjoining this wharf is one owned by the Borealis Rex. There are numerous other private wharves at Lake Charles and one at Westlake, opposite 938 1EPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Lake Charles. A good ferriage system exists between Lake Charles and Westlake. The facilities are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The inhabitants of Cameron, La., and many other ridges adjoining the lower Calcasieu are entirely depend- ent on this improvement for intercourse with Lake Charles and other markets. Operations and results during fiscal year.-General supervision over the stream was exercised. In November, 1927, the U. S. dredge Delatour restored project dimensions in 9,100 feet of the channel at the lower end of Calcasieu Lake, removing 141,165 cubic yards of material. The total costs were $3,813.72, all for maintenance. The total expenditures were -$2,201.55. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The various parts of the old project were completed as follows: The revetment in 1893, the jetties in 1900,'the dredging between jetties and in bars at head and foot of Calcasieu Lake in 1903, and the snagging in 1906. No work has yet been done by the United States on the 12 by 90 foot channel adopted in 1922, and it is believed that none will be neces- sary, as, due to the work of Calcasieu Parish, a depth of 30 feet exists in this whole channel, except through Lake Charles. The terminal facilities for this deep-water channel are located on the river about 1 mile from the entrance to the lake, and no dredging in the lake to provide a greater depth than the present one of 8 feet will be necessary, nor will a turning basin be needed. The breakwater, jetties, and channel are in good condition. The controlling depths on June 30, 1928, were: Over bar at entrance to Gulf, 8 feet; in Pass to Calcasieu Lake, 12 feet; in Calcasieu Lake, about 6 feet at foot and at head; in Calcasieu River to Lake Charles, 30 feet; in Lake Charles, 8 feet; in Calcasieu River from Lake Charles to Jones Bluff, 7 feet; from Jones Bluff to Philips Bluff, 3 feet. From the mouth to Lake Charles depths are referred to mean low Gulf; above Lake Charles they are referred to low water, about 2 feet above mean low Gulf at Philips Bluff. The head of naviga- tion for boat traffic is at Jones Bluff. The total costs under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $623,791.03, of which $449,425.58 was for new work and $174,365.45 for maintenance. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $623,791.03. Proposed operations.-There are no funds available. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930, as no work is contemplated. Commercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1923- -...... - 241,337 $2,176,169 22,810 1926- .. - 85, 168 $1,518, 681 15, 574 1924 _...... 213, 738 1, 886, 423 22, 820 1927 .- 295, 359 7, 571,861 246 1925..__-... -120, 708 1,742,464 16, 291 RIVERS AND HARBORS NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 939 The tonnage for the calendar year 1927 consisted principally of animals, rice, sugar, flour, lumber, fuel and crude oil, sand, and machinery. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 28 feet. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928-----------------------------$495, 913. 63 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928--------------- --------- 174, 365. 45 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928_--------------- 670, 279. 08 Net total expenditures----------------------------------------- 670, 279. 08 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928---------------------- 670, 279. 08 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 work ..... Cost of maintenncew Cost of new work-------------- ................ -- __.... --.. ----- ........... - ----------- ...... ............ ------------ -- $3.81 --- Cost of maintenance---------------------------------------- ----- ------------ $3,813.72 Total expended....._ $4, 818. 691 ....-------------........----...... ---- 2, 201. 55 .....----------------------------.....---..... Allotted.......................----------------------------.25, 800. 00 .......- .--------------------....----------- 6, 015. 27 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 ------ -------- --- $3, 813. 72 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment-------------------6, 015. 27 Net amount to be accounted for---------------------- -- 2, 201.55 Gross amount expended ----------------------------- $3, 813. 72 Less receipts from sales-------------------------------6, 015. 27 2, 201.55 30. REMOVING THE WATER HYACINTH (LOUISIANA) Lolcation and descriptio -.The water hyacinth is a floating plant which infests the waters of the Gulf coast, increasing with great rapidity during the summer season and being cut down to water level by frost in winter. It greatly obstructs the navigable waters, and is propagated not only by seed but by development of new plants from the root stems or portions of the roots moved from one stream to another by currents and winds. Original condition.-The water hyacinth made its appearance in the waters of southern Louisiana about 1884 and spread with such rapidity that it soon infested all streams without sufficient current to carry it to salt water, interfering with navigation and, when unmolested, so obstructing them as to cause entire suspension of navigation. Previous projects.-None. Existing projects.-This project provides for the extermination or removal of plants from the navigable waters of the States of Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas, so far as they are or may become an obstruction to navigation, by any mechanical, chemi- cal. or other means whatsoever; for the construction and operation of boats equipped with suitable machinery for such removal; and for the construction and operation of booms to prevent the drifting of plants from one stream to another. The latest (1928) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $25,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1889, made appropriations for the TRiEPOnT oF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARVY, 1928 Sit eso:f Florida and Lonisiana and provided for the extermination r "remhval of plants; the building of boats, and the establishment of booms (H. I)oc. No. 91, 55th Cong., 3d sess.) ; the act of Junie 13, 1902, authorized the use of any mnechanical, chemical, or other means whatsoever; the act of March 3, 1905, made the appropriation avail- able for the State of Texas; the acts of March 3, 1905, and March 2, 1907. in making appropriations for Florida, provided that no chemi- cal 'process injurious to cattle which may feed upon the water hya- cinth shall be used; the act of July 25, 1912, made the appropriation available for the State of Mississippi and also made available for use in that State the operating plant pertaining to the work in Louisi- ana; and the act of August 27, 1916, made the appropriation available for the State of Alabama. Recommended modifications of pWoject.-None. Local cooperation.-No reasonable amount of money can hold the water hyacinth in check without the cooperation of local officers and private parties. Plans for such cooperation, whereby the United States has performed the heavier work of removal, established booms and employed boom tenders, where necessary, and interested officials and parties have maintained patrols to keep the streams free, were inauigurated during 1912. By this cooperation navigation in Bayous Black, Teche, Vermilion, Des Allemands, L'eau Bleu, and others of the worst obstructed streams of the State has been greatly benefited. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities of the various streams from which hyacinths were removed are described in the reports for the improvement of these streams. Effect of inmprovemnent.-The clearing of the streams of water hyacinth makes navigation possible on many streams and in others materially assists in easy navigation. Ope ations and results during fiscal year.-Spraying operations were carried on by the U. S. S. Hyacinth from July 1 to October 20, 1927, and from May 1 to 20, 1928, in Bayous Plaquemine, De Glaise, and Maringouin, in Grand River and Bay Natchez, in Natalbany, Ponchatoula and Tickfaw Rivers, in Company Canal, in Bayou Dupont and Dupre Cut, and in Bayous Barataria, Segnette, Big Bull, Little Wax, and Big Wax. A total of 5,577,500 square yards of hyacinths were sprayed and 30,831 pounds of arsenic and 31,606 pounds of soda used, making 557,500 gallons of solution. Hyacinths were cleaned out by hand by agreement with Terrebonne Parish from Bayous Black, Terrebonne, Grand and Little Caillou, De Large, and Lecarpe, most of which streams could not be eco- nomically worked by the Hyacinth. This work was done from July to November, 1927, and from March to June, 1928. It has the result of largely reducing the work that otherwise would have had to be done on account of the plants propagating and floating into other streams. Necessary inspection trips were made for observation of hyacinth conditions in various streams of this district. In addition .to these trips, in May, 1928, the Hyacinth towed the U. S. dredge Grossetete from Plaquemine Lock to Mermentau, La., on the Mer- -Brule. mentau River, to begin snagging operations in Bayou Plaquemine In November, 1927, the Hyacinth removed 316 overhanging trees from JIarvey Canal and repaired damaged booms. From May 20, 1928, to the end of the fiscal year the Hyacinth was engaged in RIVERS AND HARBORS NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 941 removing snags and fallen trees from Amite River up to the mouth of Bayou Manchac and in this bayou up to Wards Creek. Owing to excessive rainfall soon after beginning work, covering the banks about 5 feet, with a very swift current. it was impossible to work for 10 days and exceedingly slow the rest of the time. Most of the obstructions were fallen trees, some as much as 4 feet in diameter. These were said to completely block the channel at low water. On account of the high water most of these could not be seen, being 4 to 6 feet under the surface, but their locations were pointed out by local parties. Owing to the flood situation and the size of the trees, the work has been very much slower than was anticipated. There were removed 296 snags and trees. The few remaining obstructions will be removed by the middle of July, 1928. The work of snagging in Amite River and Bayou Manchac is chargeable against the allot- ments for these streams. The cost of hyacinth operations was $23,567.64, all for maintenance. The expenditures were $24,649.53, divided as follows: Operation of spraying plant---_ ___----__-__-- -__-.--.- $17, 516. 72 Operation of booms ------------------------------------ --- 1,440. 00 Removing hyacinths by hand------------------------------------ 4, 042.00 Supervision and office expenses-----------------------------------1, 650. 81 Total---------------------------------------------- 24, 649. 53 Condition at end of fiscal year.-From 1900 to 1902 a boat with suitable machinery for removing and crushing the hyacinth was operated. Since then the U. S. S. Hyacinth, equipped with means for spraying plants with a solution of arsenic and soda, has been used in those streams of such commercial importance as to justify improvement. Booms have been constructed at certain points to prevent the drifting of the plant from nonnavigable streams into those which are navigable. The work done has resulted in a great benefit to navigation. In 1915 the U. S. barge Chene was equipped for spraying the smaller streams. A new steel hull for the Hyacinth was constructed in 1923 and new upper works built thereon. The total costs under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $493,184.07, all for maintenance. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $518,273.57. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the balance unex- pended on July 1, 1928 ($27,806.43), in destroying hyacinths in the most important streams as the interests of navigation may require, by spraying and by hand, and in installation and operation of booms. It is expected that the available funds will be expended at the rate of about $3,000 per month during the spraying season, and about $1,000 per month when the plant is laid up, and that they will be exhausted by June 30, 1929. The additional sum of $29,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930 in continuing the work of removing hyacinths and in operation of booms, as follows: Operation of spraying plant ------ $20, 000 Operation of booms----- .... 2,000 Removing hyacinths by hand-------- -- --- --- -5, 000 Supervision and office expenses-------- ......---- 2, 000 Total- _____-- ___- - - - -- - -_ 29, 000 942 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928. . ----- Cost of maiptenance to June 30, 1928--__------------------- ___ $493,184.07 Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928 ----- 24, 842. 65 Net total cost to June 30, 1928---------------- ------ 518, 026. 72 Add accounts receivable June 30, 1928---------------------------- 2, 095.66 Gross total costs to June 30, 1928----------- ---------- 520, 122. 38 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928----------------------------1, 848. 81 Net total expenditures----------------------------------- 518,273. 57 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928----------------- --- 27, 806. 43 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928_____-- --- -546, 080. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work-.... . . .--- .---- --. . . Cost of maintenance..............------------.......----..------ -------------------------------- $23, 567. 64 Total expended.---.----.--------------- $19, 551.06 $19, 717.86 $25, 217.60 $24, 065. 21 24, 649. 53 Allotted---............................---------------------..... 15,000.00 23,000.00 30,000.00 16,000.00 25,000.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927-------------------------------$27,455.96 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928---------------------------- ------------------- 25, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for--- _--.... . -_____----__ 52, 455.96 Gross amount expended ------------- -------------- $24, 660.93 Less receipts from sales ---------- --- ,-.----- ..-- __ 11.40 24, 649. 53 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928------------------------- 27, 806. 43 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928_ ____---- -----.. __. - 1, 894.48 Balance available June 30, 1928-- _____-____ __-- ____ -25, 911. 95 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance 1- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 29, 000.00 STATEMENT OF APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPENDITURES ON WORKS OF RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENT TO JUNE 30, 1928, IN THE NEW ORLEANS (LA.) DISTRICT Appropriations (or allotments) : Seacoast harbors and channels___.-- ----------- $32, 414, 236. 63 Internal waterways 10, 575, 889. 24 Expenditures (exclusive of receipts from sales, etc.) : New work-------------------------------------------- 29, 065, 629. 51 Maintenane----- ------------------------------------- 11, 194, 792. 73 Operating and care of canals, etc--------- ------- --- 806, 490. 65 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED MARCH 3, 1925 AND JANUARY 21, 1927 The local engineer was charged with the duty of making prelimi- nary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1925, and January 21, 1927, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 943 1. Pass Manchac, La. 2. Bayou Castaigne, La. 3. Bayou St. John, La. 4. Amite River, La., above the mouth of Bayou Manchac to its con- fluence with the Comite River. 5. New, Basin Canal, La., at its junction with Lake Pontcartrain. The division engineer, Gulf division, was charged with the duty of making preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1925, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Inland waterway from New Orleans, La., to Apalachicola River, Fla., and the Apalachicola and Chattahoochee Rivers to Colurrbus, Ga., with a view, to securing a depth suitable to the economical opera- tion of self-propelled barges. 2. Inland waterway from PensacolaBay, Fla., to Mobile Bay, Ala. REPORT MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH RESOLUTION OF THE COMMITTEE ON RIVERS AND HARBORS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By resolution dated May 21, 1926, a review of reports on Chefuncte River and Bogue Falia, La., transmitted to Congress December 12, 1923, in compliance with the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, was requested. Report thereon was transmitted to the com- mittee and printed in River and Harbor Committee Document No. 2, Seventieth Congress, first session. Recommendation is made for modification of the existing project so as to provide for a depth of 8 feet between Lake Pontchartrain and Washington Street, Covington, La. The total estimated cost of annual maintenance of the project is $2,000. Other reports, as indicated below, called for by resolutions of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors of the House of Representatives, will be submitted as soon as practicable: 1. Review of reports on Lacombe Bayou, La., transmitted to Con- gress December 10, 1924, in compliance with the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922. 2. Report containing information pertaining to a contemplated survey of Bayou Terre an Boeuf and Delaoroix Island, La. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT The district includes all works of improvements in Texas, and in addition the Red River, Tex., Okla., and Ark., above Fulton, Ark.; Sulphur River, Tex. and Ark.; Cypress Bayou and waterway be- tween Jefferson, Tex., and Shreveport, La.; Kiamichi River, Okla.; Little River, Ark.; and Johnsons Bayou, La. District engineer: Lieut. Col. J. L. Schley, Corps of Engineers, to" June 25, 1928, and Maj. Milo P. Fox, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineer: Col. W. P. Wooten, Corps of Engineers, to July 30, 1927; Col. H. B. Ferguson from January 18, 1928, to May 24, 1928; and Brig. Gen. T. H. Jackson, Corps of Engineers, to June 14, 1928. 14710--ENG 1928-----60 944 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Sab'ne - Neches Waterway, Tex______---- 14. 15. Trinity River, Tex___ ... 997 944 Cedar Bayou, Tex .__ . 1000 2. Johnsons Bayou, La___ ... 954 16.Clear Creek, Tex .__.___ 1003 3. The Louisiana and Texas In- 17. Dickinson Bayou, Tex___ ___ 1005 tracoastal Waterway from 18. Chocolate Bayou, Tex _ 1007 the Mississippi River at or 19. Bastrop Bayou, Tex ______ 1008 near New Orleans, La., to 20. Oyster Creek, Tex _______- 1010 Corpus Christi, Tex. (Sa- 21. Freeport Harbor, Tex _____ 1011 bine River-Corpus Christi 22. Brazos River, Tex., from Ve- Bay sections) ________-__ 956 lasco to Old Washington_ 1016 4. Galveston Harbor, Tex____ 964 23. Channel from Aransas Pass 5. Galveston Channel, Tex____ 968 to Corpus Christi, Tex ---1016 6. Channel from Galveston 24. Channel from Pass Cavallo to Harbor to Texas City, Port Lavaca, Tex______ 1020 Tex--- 974 25. Guadalupe River to Victo- 7. Channel to Port Bolivar, ria, Tex _____- 1021 Tex ___-___- 977 26. Port Aransas, Tex 1022 8. Houston Ship Channel, Tex_ 980 27. Brazos Island Harbor, Tex__ 1028 9. East Bay Bayou (Hanna 28. Red River from Fulton, Ark., Reef), Tex -------------- 987 to Mouth of Washita River, 10. Double Bayou, Tex ........ 987 Okla _----------____ 1033 11. Anahuac Channel, Tex ___-- 990 29. Cypress Bayou and Water- 12. Turtle Bayou, Tex_____ ___ 993 way bet ween Jefferson, 13. Mouth of Trinity River, Tex., and Shreveport, La__ 1033 Tex------------- 995 1. SABINE-NECHES WATERWAY, TEX. Location and description.-This is a consolidation of the old im- provements of " Harbor at Sabine Pass and Port Arthur Canal " and Sabine-Neches Canal, including Sabine River to Orange and Neches River to Beaumont, Tex." Sabine Pass is on the Gulf of Mexico, approximately 80 miles east of Galveston and 435 miles west of New Orleans. It connects Sabine Lake with the Gulf of Mexico, and is about 7 miles long, the width varying from 1,700 to 5,000 feet. The entrance is protected by two jetties extending into the Gulf about 4 miles. The Port Arthur Canal extends from near the upper end of Sabine Pass to the Port Arthur docks at the mouth of Tay- lors Bayou, a distance of 7 miles. Near its upper end the Sabine- Neches Canal joins it and extends to the mouths of the Neches and Sabine Rivers. The waterway next extends up the Neches River to Beaumont and up the Sabine River to Orange. The distances are as follows: Port Arthur Canal to the Neches River, 12 miles; thence to Beaumont, 21 miles; Neches River to Sabine River, 4 miles; thence to Orange, 9.5 miles. The Sabine River rises in northeast Texas and flows southeasterly approximately 550 miles to Sabine Lake, entering the lake through three passes. The Neches River rises in northeast Texas and flows southeasterly approximately 300 miles to Sabine Lake. The drain- age area of the Sabine is approximately 10,400 square miles and that of the Neches 10,453. The Sabine River is tidal in low water to 15 to 20 miles above Orange, and the Neches River to about Fords Bluff, 35 miles above Beaumont. Discharge measurements made during the past two years indicate for the Neches River a discharge varying from 400 to 46,000 cubic feet per second and for the Sabine River a discharge of RIVERS AND HARBORS GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 945 from 750 to 24,200 cubic feet per second. The average width between banks is 700 feet for the Sabine River and 650 feet for the Neches River. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 517 and 533.) Original condition.--Sabine Pass has a depth of 25 feet at meanl low Gulf level, except over a bar 2,000 feet long opposite the town of Sabine Pass, on which there was a depth of 18 feet, and over a bar 200 feet long opposite Fort Point, on which there was a depth of 17 feet. Beyond its mouth, between the exterior and interior 18-foot bottom curves, there was a bar 312 miles long, over which there was a depth of about 6 feet at mean low Gulf level, but on account of the softness of the material ships could pass drawing 10 feet. The Port Arthur Canal is entirely artificial, running through marshland just inside the shore line of Sabine Lake. The turning basins at the Port Arthur docks were constructed by enlarging the lower end of Taylors Bayou, the depth of which was about 8 feet. That portion of the Sabine-Neches Canal from the Port Arthur Canal to the mouths of the Neches and Sabine Rivers is also an arti- ficial cut running along the northwest shore of Sabine Lake. The controlling depths at mean low Gulf level were as follows: In Sabine Lake between the mouths of the Neches and Sabine Rivers, 1 foot; over the bar at the mouth of the Sabine River, 31/2 feet; over the bar at the mouth of the Neches River, 3 feet; in the Sabine River, about 15 feet; in the Neches River, about 18 feet. In the Sabine River the head of navigation for logging was about 400 miles from the mouth, and for launches about 25 miles at normal stage and about 175 miles at flood stage. In the Neches River the head of navigation for log- ging was about 200 miles from the mouth, and for launches Weiss Bluff, 45 miles, at normal stage. Previous projects.- The original project for improvement of Sabine Pass was adopted by act of March 3, 1875, and subsequent projects and modifications by acts of August 2, 1882, June 3, 1896, June 13, 1902, and June 19, 1906. The Port Arthur Canal was con- veyed to the United States free of cost in 1906, and the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, incorporated it in the project. The Sabine and Neches Rivers were first improved under the river and harbor acts of June 18, 1878, and March 3, 1899, and the Sabine- Neches Canal was first improved under the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1905, and March 2, 1907. The project was enlarged by the river and harbor acts of February 27, 1911, July 25, 1912, March 2, 1919, and September 22, 1922. The cost and expenditures prior to the adoption of the existing project were $7,560,508.29, of which $5,180,831.51 was charged to new work and $2,379.,676.78 charged to maintenance. In addition, $577,506.78 was expended from contributed funds for new work, of which $111,348.55 was for construction of the guard lock and $466,158.23 for dredging. For scope of previous projects, see page 1863 of Annual Report for 1915 for the Sabine and Neches Rivers, Sabine Pass, and Port Arthur Canal, and page 985 of the report for 1916 for Sabine-Neches Canal. (See also pp. 1100 and 1105 of Annual Report for 1921, and p. 874 of Annual Report for 1926.) Existing prroject.-This provides for channel depths at mean low water of 33 feet over Sabine Pass outer bar. 25 feet in the Sabine 946 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 River from the cut-off below Orange up to and including the Orange turning basin, and 30 feet in all other channels and turning basins. The channel bottom widths as now provided for are 450 feet over Sabine Pass outer bar; 300 feet between the Sabine Pass jetties and in Sabine Pass; 200 feet in the Port Arthur Canal; 125 feet in the channel connecting the Gulf Refining Co.'s turning basin in Taylors Bayou with the Port Arthur west turning basin; 150 feet in the Sabine-Neches Canal from the head of the Port Arthur Canal to the mouth of the Neches River; 125 feet in the Sabine-Neches Canal from the mouth of the Neches River to the mouth of the Sabine River and up the Sabine River to the cut-off below Orange, Tex.: 150 feet in the Sabine River from the cut-off below Orange up to the Orange turning basin; 125 feet in cut-offs and 150 feet in the open river in the Neches River from the mouth to Beaumont, Tex. The project also provides for two turning basins at the head of the Port Arthur Canal, one 420 feet wide by 1,800 feet long and the other 600 feet wide by 1,700 feet long, and one turning basin at Orange, Tex., and one at Beaumont, Tex., each 500 feet wide by 1.50t0 feet long; for extending the Beaumont turning basin upstream over a bottom width of 350 feet to a point 200 feet above the newly con- structed city wharves; for the construction of two passing places in the Sabine-Neches Canal; and for an anchorage basin in Sabine. Pass near Sabine Light with a bottom width of 800 feet, including the navigable channel, and a length of 4,500 feet, with dolphins on 100-foot centers along the east side of the basin. The project for jetty work provides for two rubble mound jetties at the pass, the eastern jetty to be 25,270 feet long and the western jetty 21.860) feet long, and includes the removal of the guard lock in the Sabine- Neches Canal. The mean tidal variation at the entrance is about 11/2 feet, at Port Arthur about 1 foot, and at Orange and Beaumont about five-tenths foot. The effect of the wind is often greater than that of the tide. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1928, is $6,250,000, made up as follows: $3,494,500 for dredging work, of which $385,- 500 has been contributed in cash and useful work performed and $2,755,500 for jetty work. The latest (1927) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance dredging is $420,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 25, 1912, provided for the present di- mensions of the jetties (H. Doc. No. 773, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); the acts of September 22, 1922, and January 21, 1927, provided for the dimensions of the channels and turning basins (H. Doc. No. 975, 66th Cong., 3d sess., S. Doc. No. 152, 67th Cong., 2d sess., and H. Doec. No. 287, 69th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of March 3, 1925, provided for the removal of the guard lock (H. Doc. No. 234, 68th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 975, Sixty-sixth Congress, third session. Recommended modflations of project.--None. Local cooperation,.-In 1902 the Kansas City Southern Railway Co. paid $8,800 for dredging done in the jetty channel by the U. S. dredge Sabine. The old Port Arthur Canal, with turning and lum- ber basin, was originally constructed by private interests at a cost, including a strip of land 150 feet wide along the entire canal, of RIVERS AND HARBORS GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 947 $1,023,982.85, and transferred free to the United States, being ac- cepted by the Secretary of War December 13, 1906. The following table gives a summary of the condition of the canal at the time of its acceptance by the United States: Width Average between Maximum Minimum Length top 20-foot depth depth width Icontours Feet Feet Feet Feet Feet Canal . ------------------------------- .. - 37, 600 200 80 25.1 22.0 Turning basin (now east turning basin) .......---------- 1,800 625 530 27. 1 23. 7 Lumber basin (now west turning basin)-- ....---- 1, 200 160 100 26. 2 23. 1 Local interests furnished free of cost to the United States the land needed for the new turning basin, as required by the existing project. The conditions imposed by the river and harbor act of February 27,. 1911, required the Beaumont navigation district or other local interests and the Orange navigation district or other local interests to furnish free of cost to the United States the necessary right of way for the improvement of Sabine-Neches Canal and Sabine and Neches Rivers and to contribute one-half of the estimated cost of the project, namely, $428,000 and $143,500, respectively. The law also provided that the Beaumont navigation district or other local in- terests should become bound in manner satisfactory to the Secretary of War to maintain for three years following completion sections A and C (head of Port Arthur Canal to Beaumont, Tex.), and to maintain the guard lock without cost to the United States until otherwise provided by law; and the Orange navigation district or other local interests should likewise become bound to maintain sec- tion B (mouth of Neches River, to Orange, Tex.) for a period of three years following its completion. All of these conditions were met. The act of March 4, 1915, relieved the Beaumont navigation dis- trict or other local interests from maintaining for three years the open portion of the channel from the head of Port Arthur Canal to the Neches River. To cover certain work not otherwise provided for the Beaumont navigation district of Jefferson County, Tex., con- tributed an additional sum of $5,689.33 under the authority of sec- tion 8 of the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, and $765.67 under the provisions of section 4 of the river and harbor act of March 4, 1915. The contributions of the Beaumont navigation district to March 1, 1922, have been $512,368.86, of which $434,928.35 was for new work ($323,579.80 on section C and $111,348.55 on guard lock) and $77,440.51 for maintenance ($16,512.50 on section C and $60,- 928.01 on guard lock). The contributions of the Orange County navigation district have been $234,973.13, of which $142,578.43 was for new work and $92,394.70 for maintenance. The total expendi- tures of local interests to March 1, 1922, have been $747,341.99. The act of March 2, 1919, required that local interests shall furnish and maintain such protection work as in the judgment of the Chief of Engineers may be necessary for the safe passage of vessels through the lock in the Sabine-Neches Canal near Port Arthur, 948 'REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Tex., and the entrances thereto, and shall furnish free of cost to the United States the portions of the island at Beaumont turning basin to be removed, provide suitable dumping grounds, and agree to main- tain the additional work recommended in the same manner as they now maintain the present improvement until May 24, 1919. The local interests submitted deeds for the portion of the island to be removed, erected suitable fenders and guide walls at the lock in accordance with plans approved by the Chief of Engineers April 15, 1921, provided suitable dumping grounds, and maintained the guard lock until a permanent by-pass channel was dredged around it in 1926. The river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, adopting a project for the enlargement of the channel and turning basin provided that no expense should be incurred by the United States for acquiring any lands required for the purpose of the improvement. It pro- vides further " that before entering upon the prosecution of the improvements herein authorized local interests shall guarantee in a manner satisfactory to the Secretary of War that the United States will be held free from any claim for damages resulting from execu- tion of the work hereby authorized." It also required (in accord- ance with S. Doc. 152, 67th Cong., 2d sess:, and H. Doc. 975. 66th Cong., 3d sess.) that local interests must provide one-half the cost of dredging the channel from mouth of Neches River to Orange, estimated at $175,000, and $178,500 for dredging the channel in the Neches River to Beaumont and provide the full amount of the first cost (estimated at $32,000) of deepening to 30 feet, 125 feet wide,. the privately constructed canal and cut-off between the west turn- ing basin and the Gulf Refining Co. turning basin in Taylors Bayou which is taken over under the new project, and must deed to the United States free of cost the channel and cut-off and a strip of land approximately 20 feet wide on each side thereof. All these requirements have been complied with by the local interests. How- ever, the Gulf Refining Co. dredged at its own expense, in lieu of contributing the $32,000, the privately constructed canal and cut-off between the west turning basin and the Gulf Refining Co.'s turning" basin. The river and harbor act approved January 21, 1927, adopting the mod'fication revision of the project as recommended in House Document No. 287, Sixty-ninth Congress, first session, provides that local interests shall furnish satisfactory assurances to the Secretary of War and Chief of Engineers that they will provide, without cost to the United States, all necessary rights of way and dumping grounds for the disposal of material removed in connection w!th the work and its subsequent maintenance; will hold and save the United States from all damage claims resulting from the construction of the enlarged waterway, will maintain that part of the Beaumont turn- ing basin which lies with-n 75 feet of all municipal wharves; and will construct the proposed dolphins along the Sabine Pass anchorage basin. All of these conditions have been complied with except that the right of way, dumping ground, and release from damage liability for the extension of the Beaumont turning basin have not been secured and no dolphins have been constructed for the Sabine Pass RIVERS AND HARBORS GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 949 anchorage basin. The United States also reserves the right to re- quire the removal or alteration of the bascule bridge across the Sabine-Neches Canal at Port Arthur, Tex. The west leaf of the bridge, having been found to be a menace to navigation, has been partly removed by local interests. Terminal facilitie.-At Sabine there is a wharf 720 feet long for handling of bulk oil served by pipe lines. There are also two slips and a wharf with shed about 400 feet long and another wharf about 275 feet long. Both these wharves have appliances for handling cargoes of menhaden fish, and one has branch rail connection with the Southern Pacific Railway. Between the towns of Sabine and Sabine Pass there is a modern sulphur-loading plant consisting of a wharf about 400 feet long, with conveyors and traveling cranes owned by the Union Sulphur Co., and having branch rail connec- tion with the Southern Pacific Railway; also there is a wharf about 400 feet long served- by pipe lines for handling of fuel oil. At the town of Sabine Pass there is a wharf about 240, feet long for han- dling bulk oil. This is served by pipe lines, has connection with loading racks, and also has branch rail connection with the Southern Pacific Railway. At Port Arthur there are wharves and docks with a total linear frontage of 7,919 feet, with extensive warehouses' and sheds, and a modern grain elevator of 555,000 bushels capacity. The warehouses and sheds are not equipped with mechanical appliances, but are so constructed that cargo of all kinds can be handled. On the Port Arthur turning basin there are also modern wharves, 3,100 feet in length, with warehouses equipped with pipe lines for loading bulk oil and two conveyors' for handling case oil, and on Taylors Bayou, about 11/9 miles above the Port Arthur turning basin, is a concrete wharf 2.054 feet long, with modern warehouses, used ex- clusively for handling oil. All these Port Arthur wharves have rail- way and h:ghway connections. All wharves above mentioned are privately owned, but all vessels dock thereat on equal terms. At the city of Port Arthur a small slip has been excavated in the bank of the canal and a small wharf provided for boats bringing produce, fish, and oysters, and taking out supplies. At Orange, on Sabine River, there are two small wharves owned by the city, used by small vessels free; in addition to these there are several privately owhed and operated wharves, two of which are equipped with tramways for handling of lumber. The city has excavated a channel 200 feet wide and 3,000 feet long, extending from the right bank of Sabine River about 1,500 feet below the cut. off toward the town. On this channel the city owns and operates wharfage with a total length of apron of 1,504 linear feet, on which there are warehouses with 72,000 square feet of covered area, the remainder, 15,840 square feet, being open storage space. There are ample railroad facilities at the wharves connecting with all railroads entering the city. The mechanical equipment includes an electric hoist at timber rollway and locomotive crane of 20 tons capacity: The present facilities are adequate for existing commerce. At Beaumont, onr the Neches River, the city owns and opera!tes 2,900 feet of wharves, 1,000 feet being of concrete construction, with warehouses and electric-crane equipment. These wharves are open to all on equal terms and have connection with all railroads. There 950 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 is a concrete wharf 1,515 feet long a little over a mile below the turning basin. This wharf is owned by the Magnolia Petroleum Co. and is equipped for handling oil and oil products through pipe lines. There is also a wharf 400 feet long on land owned by the city just upstream from the turning basin. This wharf has railway con- nection and is used mostly for unloading of lumber. The Yount-Lee Oil Co. has an oil-loading pier 200 feet long on the right bank of the Neches River, 6 miles below Beaumont. The Sun Oil Co. has a slip with a wharf 80 feet long on the right bank of the Neches River, 9.2 miles above the mouth. This wharf is used for loading oil from pipe lines. The Humphreys Pure Oil Co. has an oil-loading wharf 150 feet long on the right bank of the Neches River, 8.7 miles above the mouth. The Magnolia Petroleum Co. has an oil-loading wharf 250 feet long on the right bank of the Neches River, 7.3 miles above the mouth. At Port Neches, on the right bank of the Neches River, about 6 miles above the mouth, the Texas Co. owns and operates privately a wharf 468 feet long, with frame ware- houses 96 by 312 feet, equipped with pipe lines for handling oil and having rail connection for handling a general cargo. The Atlantic Refining Co. has a wharf 180 feet long and an auxiliary wharf 50 feet long for loading oil from pipe lines on the right bank of the Neches River 2 miles above the mouth. Near the mouth on the left bank of Neches River a wharf, erected by the Humble Oil & Refining Co., is equipped with pipe lines for handling oil. The present facilities are adequate for the existing commerce, and there is ample room for future enlargement. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 14, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The improvements have enabled deep- draft ocean-going vessels to enter, and have resulted in the develop- ment of a very large commerce, principally crude and refined petro- leum. The extension of the channel to Beaumont and Orange has resulted in saving the cost of lighterage on large quantities of oils and lumber. A further result has been that Beaumont and Orange have been placed on a parity with other Gulf ports as to freight rates on export and import traffic from Chicago, St. Louis, Kansas City, and other commercial centers. Operations and results during fiscal yelar.-Miscellaneous survey work was done at various places on the waterway. The seagoing hopper dredge Benyaurd, rented from the New Orleans district, did maintenance dredging on the Sabine Pass outer bar from,February 16 to April 11, 1928, removing 839,855 cubic yards. The U. S. pipe-line dredge Sam Houston did maintenance dredging in various parts of the waterway from August, 1927, to June, 1928, removing 463,542 cubic yards from the Port Arthur west turning basin, 33,772 cubic yards from the Sabine-Neches Canal, 534,373 cubic yards from the Neches River, and 587,954 cubic yards from the Port Arthur Canal. The U. S. pipe-line dredge Kimble, rented from the inland wgterway project from February 11 to June 30, 1928, did main- teriance dredging in the Neches River, removing 709,963 cubic yards. The U. S. pipe-line dredge Pascagoula did maintenance dredging in the Neches River from July 1 to 10, 1927, removing RIVERS AND HARBORS -GALVESTON, TX., DISTRICT 951 79,803 cubic yards. The total amount of maintenance dredging done during the fiscal year was 3,249,262 cubic yards. Under a contract for building up and extending the Sabine Pass west jetty Mr. J. DePuy placed 19 foundation mattresses (21,181.79 square yards), 40,635.33 tons of foundation riprap, 25,209.26 tons of core stone, and 17,539.46 tons of slope and capstone, completing the foundation from station 187+ 60 to station 213 + 00 (2,540 lineal feet), the core from station 182+00 to station 209+26 (2,726 lineal feet), the slopes from station 187+00 to station 202+42 (1,542 lineal feet), the cap from station 182+00 to station 197+64 (1,564 lineal feet). New work done on the Sabine Pass west jetty consisted of placing 83,384.05 tons of stone and 21,181.79 square yards of mattresses. The total cost during the fiscal year was $907,300.04, of which $349,778.22 was for maintenance dredging done by hired labor and Government plant and $557,521.82 was for new jetty, work done by contract.. The total expended during the fiscal year was $933219. 1. Condition at end of fiecal year.-That portion of the project for the Sabine Pass jetties is 93 per cent completed. The east jetty was completed in 1920, but is now in need of repairs in plates. The \vest jetty is completed to its full height for a length of 19,764 feet, and contract work now under way will complete this jetty over the full project length, 21,860 feet, with mattress and stone protection extending 100 feet beyond the project end of jetty. The original 30-foot project for dredging is completed, except that no work has been done on the anchorage basin in Sabine Pass. The widening of certain channels, as authorized by the river and harbor act approved on January 21, 1927, has not been commenced. The existing project for dredging is 77 per cent completed. The entire project is 86 per cent completed. The controlling depths below mean low Gulf level on June 30, 1928, were as follows: Sabine Pass outer bar, 31 feet; Sabine Pass jetty channel, 30 feet; Sabine Pass, 30 feet; Port Arthur Canal, 30 feet; Port Arthur turning basins, 27 feet in .west basin and 25 feet in east basin; Sabine-Neches Canal from Port Arthur Canal to mouth of Neches River, 30 feet; Sabine-Neches Canal from mouth of Neches River to mouth of Sabine River, 29 feet; Neches River, mouth to Beaumont, 30 feet; Sabine River, mouth to cut-off near Orange, Tex., 30 feet; and Sabine River, cut=off up' to Orange turning basin, 23 feet: Orange turning basin, 17 feet. The work remaining to be done to complete the existing project for dredging is as follows: Increase the bottom width of the Sabine Pass jetty channel from 200 feet to 300 feet; dredge the Sabine Pass anchorage basin; increase the bottom width of the channel in Sabine Pass from 150 feet to 300 feet; increase the bottom width of channel in Port Arthur Canal from 150 feet to 200 feet; increase the bottom width of the Sabine-Neches Canal from 125 feet to 150 feet; dredge two passing places in the Sabine-Neches Canal; remove the Port Arthur (Tex.) United States engineer field office building, dock, and revetment from the present canal bank and rebuild them on the pro- posed new bank of the Sabine-Neches Canal; and extend the Beau- mont turning basin upstream 200 feet past the upstream end of the 952 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 new city wharves, the bottom width to be 350 feet, with a depth of 30 feet below mean low Gulf level. The total cost on the existing project to the end of the fiscal year 1928 has been as follows: New work Maintenance Total United States funds .------------------------------ $4, 126, 260. 55 $1, 670, 853. 20 $5, 797, 113. 75 Contributed funds ... ---------------------------------- 353, 500.00 ---------------- 353, 500. 00 Total-------- -- ------------------------ .............---- 4, 479, 760. 55 1, 670, 853. 20 6,150, 613. 75 The total expended to end of fiscal year was $5,934,022.03, which includes $1,965.49 for Mississippi flood-relief work. In addition, $353,500 was expended from contributed funds for new dredging work. Proposed operations.--It is expected to apply the unexpended bal- ance available July 1, 1928, amounting to $1,453,529.22 to the fol- lowing: New .work: Pa eenr of outstandig liabilitirs Jitly 1, 1928 -------------- $45, 000 00 Payments on Sabine Pass west jetty contract-----------------600. 000. 00 Payment of retained percentage on Sabine Pass west jetty con- tract------ 50, 000. 00 Dredge Sabine Pass to project dimensions, ease bend at mouth of Port Arthur Canal, and complete dredging in Sabine Pass jetty channel ------------------------------------------------ 125, 000.00 Expenses of Port Arthur (Tex.) field office------- ------------ 36, 00. 00 Expenses of district and division offices-----------------------12, 000. 00 Miscellaneous and contingencies----------------------------- 58, 000. 00 Total for new work------------------------------------- 926,000. 00 Maintenance: Payment of outstanding liabilities July 1, 1928----------------- 30, 529. 22 Dredging of inland channels with United States pipe-line dredge, 12 months, at $12,500---------------_ --- 150, 000. 00 Dredging Sabine Pass outer bar and jetty channel with United States hopper dredge, 6 months, at $24,000 000. 00 1-----------------44, Repairs and additions to United States plant.----------------- 115, 000. 00 Epen esPttr Arthur (Tex.) field office---------------------- 36. 000. 00 Expenses of district and division offices 00 2,00----------0--------.12, Miscellaneous and contingencies -------------------------- 40, 000. 00 Total for maintenance----------------------------------- 527, 529. 22 Grand total ,453,529.22 1------------------------------- The funds will be expended at a fairly uniform monthly rate and will be exhausted by June 30, 1929. With the $975,000 which can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930 it is proposed to do the following: New work: Complete the Sabine Pass west jetty to project dimensions under the existing contract-------------------------------------- $110, 000 Dredge Sabine-Neches Canal, including two passing places, move and reconstruct wharves and buildings at Port Arthur field office and extend Beaumont turning basin-------------------------- 185, 000 Expenses of Port Arthur (Tex.) field office--------------- -------- 24, 000 Expenses district and division offices__--_ 9, 000 Total for new work--- ._ ------------------- 328, 000 RIVERS AND HARBORS GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT 953 Maintenance: Dredging Sabine Pass outer bar and jetty channel with United States hopper dredge, four months, at $24,000--------------- $96, 000 Dredging inland channels with United States pipe-line dredge, 12 months, at $12,500-----------------------------------------150, 000 Repairs and additions to United States plant-------------------- 75, 000 Repairs to Sabine Pass east jetty----------------------------- 260, 000 Expenses Port Arthur (Tex.) field office-------------------------- 48,000 Expenses district and division offices--------------------------- 18, 000 Total for maintenance-------------------------------------- 647,000 Total for new work and maintenance_, 975, 000 The amount requested for both maintenance dredging and jetty maintenance exceeds the average annual expenditure during the pre- ceding five years. Maintenance dredging will cost more due to en- largement of channels. There has been no work done on the Sabine Pass east jetty since 1919. Comimercial statitics.-In general, the commerce for 1927 consisted of crude petroleum and its refined products, lumber and forest prod- ucts, sulphur, asphalt,,cottonseed products, shell, rice, sand, iron and steel, and general merchandise. Increase of tonnage fbr 1925 and 1926 due to increased movement of crude oil, lumber, and timber, and decrease for 1927 due to decreased movement of these com- modities. The full project depth is needed for practically all the commerce. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats, 20 to 30 feet to Port Arthur turning basin and 20 to 28 feet to Beaumont and Orange. " Comparative statement I' Sabine Pass Port Arthur Canal Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Short tons Value Passengers 1923 -- 1,381,294 $17, 610, 809 ___ __ 9, 754, 020 $183, 987, 254 1924 -- -- 1 1,686,654 32,137,369 183 28,872, 920 221, 059, 691 183 1929 5............. 19------------- - 3 2, 239, 554 43, 866, 617 138 48, 766, 518 258, 592, 171 138 1926 -. 5 1, 714, . - 25,486, 316 116 68, 954,593 200,143, 003 116 1927 7737,090 9, 252, 780 65 88,021,,23 175,44, 380 65 Sabine River Neches River Sabine-Neches Canal Calendar year Short Pas- Short Pas- Pas- Value sen- tons Value sen- Sh ort tons Value sen- tons gers gers gers 1923.______ 567,549 $11,883,881 _ 3,357,237 $62,159, 207 _____ 3, 171, 364 $62, 274, 327 . 1924 ... _.. 540, 400 17, 790, 762 10 4, 803, 150 123, 629, 547 16 4, 803, 580 128, 448, 619 26 1925 _-- 729,543 16,702,845 2 5,239,766 153,202,590 16 9 5,480, 041 175, 404, 556 17 1926_ -- _--- 10 759,163 12,396,382 8 6,473,864 135, 256,601 20 11492, 653 13 15, 715 8, 206, 986 14, 070 28 33 1927.--_ - 12 460,160 13,596,752 - -. 8,068,306 137,780, 983 33 1 Exclusive of 12,617,562 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $339,050,351. 2 Exclusive of 4,414,252 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $118,899,801. 3 Exclusive of 12,985,057 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $419,966,490. 4 Exclusive of 4,968,447 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $162636,041. SExclusive of 14,553,869 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $348,340,946. (Exclusive of 6,301,831 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $135,845,452. 2 Exclusive of 16,140,735 tons cargoes in transit, valued ait$325,952,990. 8Exclusive of 8,346,012 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $150,801,382. 9 Of this, 4,968,447 tons, valued at $162,636,041, was in transit. 0 2o . 38. O0 38. O0 1, 723, 157 185, 296 126, 300 311, 596 2, 034, 753 1,039, 500 3, 074, 253 66. 1 75 Upper St. Francis .... - 87. O0 87. O0 16, 410, 856 991, 318 991, 318 166,400 17, 235, 774 1,464, 226 18, 700, 000 92. 2 700 Lower St. Francis ..... 218. O0 218. O0 62, 241, 864 1, 190, 581 1, 190, 581 1, 245, 000 62, 187, 445 1, 688, 555 63, 876, 000 97.4 3, 500 White River -_ 67. 0 67. O0 23, 411, 870 1, 476, 189 1, 476, 189 1, 240, 000 23, 648, 059 4, 862, 941 23,511, 000 82. 9 910 Reelfoot_ - 21.0 21. O0 3, 770, 610 1, 229, 390 3, 770,610 5,000, 000 75.4 310 Upper Yazoo_ ....... _ 98. 5 98. 5 42, 840, 185 42, 840, 185 Completed. 42, 840, 185 100. O 3, 281 Lower Yazoo................._.. 6 200. O0 6 187. 7 80, 804, 669 4, 122, 631 4, 122, 631 1, 280, 000 82, 752, 220 6, 105, 000 88, 857, 220 93. 1 5, 263 Upper Tensas.___ 6 231. 7 6 231. 7 84, 298, 406 3, 527, 345 3, 527, 345 1, 085,000 85, 610, 007 5, 430, 000 91, 040, 007 94.0 4, 512 Lower Tensas.... ...................... . 157. 1 132. 2 46, 365, 890 i, 609, 583 181, 776 1, 791, 359 469, 000 47, 688, 249 2, 380, 000 50, 068, 249 95. 25 2, 250 Atchafalaya (front) ....... .......... .- ._ 127. 2 127. 2 40, 065, 494 12, 948 53, 830 66, 778 66, 778 40, 065, 494 796, 099 40, 861, 593 98. 05 6, 035 Lafourche .... Barataria _ ....................... ----- ..... 82. O0 71. 7 82. O0 71.7 17, 610, 787 6, 054, 008 763, 179, 650 872 126, 42, 559 980 890, 209 222, 852 649, 430 108, 380 17, 851, 566 6, 168, 480 95, 000 242, 000 17, 946, 566 6, 410, 480 99. 46 96. 23 2, 020 (7) O Pontchartrain_. ...........------------ 126. O0 126. O0 30, 555, 001 1, 244, 082 15, 610 1, 259, 692 802, 346 31, 012, 347 2, 479, 257 33, 491, 604 94. 99 1, 816 Lake B orgne ... .......................... 47. 9 47. 9 5, 713, 922 62, 367 8 259, 818 322, 185 62,875 5, 973,232 150, 000 6, 123,232 97. 55 () Red River, Atchafalaya, and Bayou Bouef_ 41.8 41.8 7, 676, 000 1, 088, 658 53, 867 1, 142, 525 348,081 8,470,444 844, 765 9, 315,209 90. 93 1, 033 Atchafalaya (back) . _--- 53. 1 53. 1 11, 966, 063 1. 358. 305 221, 933 1, 580, 238 1, 040, 699 12, 505, 602 1, 300, 000 13, 805, 602 90. 58 (10) Saline .. _._............ ___.... ..... 10.3 10. 3 (11) (12) 8,731,606 3517,484,456) (11) (11) (11) 63 I i ----- I I---I---- Total ......... __ ...... . _. ... . 1, 952. 2 1, 915. 0 508, 691, 726 18, 467, 487 1, 082, 673 19, 550,160 8, 731, 606 18517,484,456 32, 272, 203 1549, 756, 659 94. 1 32, 422 1 Includes 1.8 miles of levee along Iowa River, left bank, from mouth to bluffs, in Louisa County levee district No. 15. 2 Includes 6.8 miles of levee along Iowa River, right bank, from mouth to bluffs, in Iowa River-Flint Creek levee district No. 16. s Includes 3.3 miles of levee along Henderson River, right bank, from mouth to high ground in Henderson County drainage district No. 3, and 2.5 miles along Henderson River, left bank, from mouth to high ground in Henderson County drainage district No. 1. 4 Includes 8.3 miles of levee along Des Moines River, right bank, and 6.3 miles of levee along Fox River, left bank, in Des Moines-Mississippi levee district No. 1. 6 Includes 5.7 miles of levee along Big Muddy River, left bank, from mouth to bluffs in Preston levee drainage district. 6 Changes in mileage due to use of measurements from recent surveys. 7 Included in Lafourche levee district. - 8 254,315 cubic yards placed by the Orleans Levee Board to close gap left by artificial crevasse at Caernarvon. 9 Included in Pontchartrain levee district. 1o Protects 2,500 square miles of land from overflow from Atchafalaya River. 11 Information not available at this time. 12 141,020 cubic yards placed and 51,000 cubic yards lost during the year. 13Does not include 895,080 cubic yards in lower Yazoo levee district and 1,130,744 cubic yards in upper Tensas levee district account material rehandled by dredges and levee machines. Fl O 00 1920 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 The following is a statement of the amounts expended by the United States Government in the construction of levees and the amounts expended by States, levee districts, and communities inter- ested, from 1882 to December 31, 1927, covering cost of yardage placed, rights of way, interest, engineering expenes, repair work, high-water expenses, crevasse closing, etc. Expended by Expended by Expended by Districts United States from Govern- United States from con- State and local Total ment funds tributed funds organizations Northern.-------.----------------- $3, 242, 614. 99 $1, 141, 398. 72 $10,036,767.02 $14,420,780.73 First and second...................... -------------- 20, 930, 011. 56 4, 746, 394. 91 46, 643, 611. 81 72, 320, 018. 28 29, 576, 576. 81 Third-------------------.................................6, 862, 970. 50 36,194,086.48 72, 633, 633. 79 Fourth--.......--------------------- 22, 765, 304. 66 4, 015, 247. 01 71, 805, 933. 51 98, 586, 485. 18 Total....--------------------- 76, 514, 508. 02 16, 766, 011. 14 164, 680, 398. 82 257, 960, 917. 98 Total United States funds expended for all purposes including revetments, levees, dredging, surveys, etc., by the commission since its organization in 1879 to June 30, 1928, is $183,747,606.27. SESSIONS Ten sessions of the commission were held during the fiscal year. The one hundred and seventy-eighth was held at Vicksburg, Miss., New Orleans, La., Memphis, Tenn., and St. Louis, Mo., July 7-12, 1927; the one hundred and seventy-ninth, August 17-20, the one hun- dred and eightieth, September 12-14, the one hundred and eighty- first September 21-29, the one hundred and eighty-third, November 28-29, the one hundred and eighty-fourth, December 14, the one hun- dred and eighty-fifth, December 29, 1927, and the one hundred and eighty-seventh, June 5-8, 1928, were held in the offices of the com- mission, customhouse, St. Louis, Mo.; the one hundred and eighty- second, November 3-11, 1927, was held on the steamer Mississippi from St. Louis, Mo., to New Orleans, La.; and the one hundred and eighty-sixth, April 14-27, 1928, was held on the steamer Mississippi from Rock Island, Ill., to New Orleans, La. Public hearings were given to representatives of navigation, levee, commercial, and other interests at six of these sessions. In addition to the above sessions the commission attended House and Senate committee hearings at Washington, D. C., on December 14-20, 1927, and January 3 to February 11, 1928, relative to flood control of the Mississippi River and its tributaries. TERMINAL FACILITIES Reports on water terminal and transfer facilities pertaining to the Mississippi River are contained in House Document No. 652, Sixty-sixth Congress, second session, and in Port Series No. 5, port of New Orleans, La., 1924. Terminal facilities on the Mississippi River below Cairo were discussed in the report of the Mississippi River Commission for 1919, pages 3538-3540. Additional data have been submitted by the commission to the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors covering terminal facilities to date of December 1, 1926. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 1921 COMMERCIAL STATISTICS The tonnage of water-borne traffic on the Mississippi-River from Cairo, Ill., to New Orleans, La., is divided into three stretches aggre- gating 976 miles. Comparative sta tement of traffic for calendar years Year Short tons Value to Memphis, Tenn. (227 miles): First stretch, Cairo, Ill., 1923---------.....--- ------------------------------------------- 1, 048, 322 $63, 364, 974 1924 ...................-------------------------------------------------........................ 1,153,021 87,404,116 1925.......................................---------------------------------....----..---------- 654 688,1, 105, 818, 559 1926 .........................----------------------.....---....-----...------....------......--------- 1,660, 188 95, 261,088 1927.....................----------------------------...........----------...............--...-- 2,144,317 126,507,317 Second stretch, Memphis, Tenn., to Vicksburg, Miss. (375 miles): 1923-----------------..... -- ----------------------------------- 1,452, 837 86, 802, 866 1924 ........................................--------------------------------..----------------------- 1, 666, 440 126, 756, 725 --------- 1925------------..............................---.....-------......------.....----------........ 3, 212, 259 155, 487, 239 1926----..........................-------------......------......---....-----------------------. 792, 780 179, 439, 744 1927__....---------- --------------------------------------- 4, 358, 097 213, 025, 604 Third stretch, Vicksburg, Miss., to New Orleans, La. (367 miles). Includes foreign and coastwise traffic Baton Rouge to New Orleans: 1923---_--. ---------------- .----------------------------------5, 493,297 173,416,911 1924-------....................--------------.......---------------------------------- 7, 633, 277 224, 848, 054 1925..............- ................................... 1925-------------------------------------------------------------9,0,5 .... .......... 9,101,650 284, 946,808 1926----...........--..----------...........................................-------------------- 11, 074, 488 8,4,0 304, 247, 453 1927-------------------------------------------------------............ ... 8, 816, 745 271, 794, 512 CONDITION OF CHANNEL Except when blocked by ice and during other rare and brief periods, there is now in the Mississippi River below Cairo a good continuous navigable channel at all stages of the river and at all times of the year, with a depth of 9 feet or more and a width of at least 300 feet for a distance of 841 miles and with a depth of not less than 35 feet and a width of several hundred feet at all times for the remaining 240 miles to Gulf of Mexico. This navigable channel is also of ample width and of at least 14 feet depth below Cairo during five to eight months of each year when high stages of river prevail. The following are depths and widths for the different stretches of the river below Cairo that can usually be relied upon during the lowest stages: Cairo to Memphis, Tenn., 227 miles, least depth 9 feet for width of 300 feet. Low-water channel maintained by dredging. Memphis to Vicksburg, Miss., 375 miles, least depth 9 feet for width of 300 feet. Low-water channel maintained by limited amount of dredging. Vicksburg to Baton Rouge, La., 239 miles, least depth 11 feet for width of 300 feet or more. Low-water channel maintained by a limited amount of dredging at rare intervals. Baton Rouge to New Orleans, La., 132 miles, least depth 35 feet for width of 300 feet. No dredging by the commission. New Orleans to Quarantine Station, La., 90 miles, least depth feet for width of several hundred feet. No dredging. 62 On June 30, 1928, there was an available depth of 30 feet to the Gulf through South Pass and 35 feet through Southwest Pass, as reported by the district engineer, New Orleans, La. (referred to mean low water). 1~922 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Estimate of funds required.-The " act for the control of floods on the Mississippi River and its- tributaries," approved May 15, 1928. states that-- The sum of $325,000,000 is hereby authorized to be appropriated for this purpose. The commission recommends that appropriations be made under the adopted project at the rate of about $35,000,000 per year. The $14,000,000 authorized under act of May 29, 1928, and all balances of earlier appropriations unexpended July 1, 1928, can be profitably expended in the fiscal year beginning that date. The balances referred to will be needed to pay outstanding liabilities, to cover contracts, and incidental expenses. T. H. JACKSON, Brigadier General, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, PresidentMississippi River Commission. CHAS. H. WEST, Civil Engineer. ROBERT L. FARIS, Assistant Director United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. JOHN W. STIPES. EDWARD H. SCHULZ, Colonel, Corps of Engineers, United States Army. Mr. Edward Flad, civil engineer, and Col. C. W. Kutz, Corps of Engineers, members, were absent under proper authority. MONEY STATEMENTS Appropriations expended under Mississippi River Commission APPROPRIATIONS FOR FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND SACRAMENTO RIVER, CALIF. July 1, 1927, balance unexpended -------- ----------------- $4, 057. 01 June 30, 1928, amount expended during fiscal year------------- 4, 057. 01 July 1, 1928, balance unexpended ------------------ __- ___ 0.00 APPROPRIATIONS FOR FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER July 1, 1927, balance unexpended__---------------- ----------- 9, 654, 031.85 Appropriated by act of Feb. 23, 1928 (War Department)------- 10, 000, 000. 00 Transferred from appropriation for emergency flood control, Mississippi River, act of Dec. 22, 1927, as reimbursement of expenditures incurred on account of the flood of 1927------- 5, 266, 425. 00 Miscellaneous receipts from sales, rentals, etc., during fiscal year---------------------------------- ------------------ 147, 037. 29 Total-------------------------------- --- 25, 067, 494. 14 June 30, 1928, amount expended during fiscal year-------------- 11, 598, 242. 15 July 1, 1928, balance unexpended-------------------------- 13, 469, 251.99 1 The amount reported in the Annual Report for 1927, $9,531,714.79, has been decreased $16,000, withdraWn by the spillway board, being an additional amount required under the provisions of act of Apr. 17, 1926, for survey for the control of excess flood waters of the Mississippi River below Point Breeze in Louisiana and on the Atchafalaya outlet (the act provided for use of $50,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary; $25,000 was with- MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION, 1923 July 1, 1928, outstanding liabilities-------------$835, 555. 30 July 1, 1928, amount covered by uncompleted con- t tra,-,+ 1 888 878.CVV VVV4, VV3 $, racs - _ ---------------------------------------- S $2, 724, 433.38 July 1, 1928, balance available------- -------------------- 10, 744, 818. 61 Balance available distributed as follows: Mississippi River Commission -------------- 233, 741.44 Surveys, gages, and observations------------- 472, 549. 85 Levees, Head of the Passes to Rock Island, Ill_ 3, 797, 609. 54 Dikes------ ----------------- ----------- 187, 089. 66 Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel improvement and protection ----- __ 1, 861, 620. 51 Dredges and dredging----- --------------- 421, 999. 39 Plant and miscellaneous------__----- 1, 214, 925.13 Improving harbors and tributaries------------376, 399. 60 Spillways _________ __-___________ 1, 498, 883. 49 Unallotted___ ---------------- --- 680, 000. 00 10, 744, 818. 61 (Footnote 1-Continued) drawn during the fiscal year 1926, making a total of $41,000 withdrawn) and increased $138,317.06 by reimbursements as follows: By the secretary and northern district: Decreased- July, 1927, revocation of allotment (Des Moines-Mississippi levee district No. 1, Mo.), ED-7402 (Miss. R.) 496----------_--_ $30, 000. 00 August, 1927, revocation of allotment (Mississippi River Com- mission), ED-7402 (Miss. R.) 679 ............ 100, 000. 00 130, 000. 00 Increased-September, 1927, by reallotment to surveys, gauges, and observations ($50,000), Ste. Genevieve levee district No. 1, Mo. ($6,000) and levee district No. 3, Perry County, Mo. ($10,000) of funds transferred from the dredging district, ED-7404 (Miss. R.) 785 66, 000. 00 Total net decrease-------------------------------------- 64, 000. 00 By the dredging district: Decreased- July, 1927, revocation of allotment (dredging and miscellaneous)- 250, 000. 00 August, 1927, correction of error in July, 1927, financial statement made by showing increase of $236.09 ------------------- ----- 236. 09 September, 1927, revocation of allotment (dredging and mis- cellaneous), ED-7402 (Miss. R.) 785 (funds transferred to secretary and northern district) --- 66, 000. 00 316, 236. 09 Increased- July, 1927, by cancellation of voucher No. 624, June, 1927, on account of the amount thereof having been previously paid by the American Na- tional Red Cross ($236.09); by reimbursements of expenditures made in fiscal year 1927, from secretary, Mississippi River Commission, for sup- plies furnished steamer Mercury ($377.23), for la- bor furnished for operation of steamer Mercury ($1,365.95), for services of crew and supplies furnished with steamer Inspector ($4,296.97) and for painting hull of quarter boat No. 1 ($3.86); by reimbursements of expenditures made in fiscal year 1927, from first and second districts, for fuel oil furnished ($12,191.46); by reimburse- ments of expenditures made in fiscal year 1927, from the third district for operations of dredge Omega at Brunswick levee ($49,267.78) and at Pendleton levee ($15,977.48); and by reimburse- ments of expenditures made in fiscal year 1927, from superintendent thirteenth U. S. lighthouse district for repairs to steamer Wakerobin ($22.28)- $83, 739. 10 August, 1927, by reimbursements of expenditures made in fiscal year 1927, from the fourth district, for services of employees and travel expenses fur- nished ($2,281.49) and from the first and second districts for services and supplies furnished for operation of steamer Jupiter ($303.81)--------- 2, 585. 30 86, 324. 40 Total net decrease_ -------------- - - __ -- _____-229, 911. 69 1924 REPORT OF OHIEP OF ENGINEERS, U. B. ARMY, 19 28 (Footnote 1-Continued) By the first and second districts: Decreased-July, 1927 by revocations of allotments for upper St. Fran- cis levee district ($59,895.52), White River for surveys, tributary levees ($5,928.35), Norfolk, Miss. ($12,978), Sunflower, Miss. ($10,282), Knowlton, Ark. ($159,728.89), plant ($61,000), Bend of Island 35, Ark. ($76,018.64), Trotters, Miss. ($158,295.29), Ohio River below mouth of Cache River, Ill. ($101,092.03), Columbus, Ky. ($161,187.09), and Huffman to Hickman, Ark. ($5,818.06)- . $812, 223. 87 Increased- July, 1927, by reallotments to Reelfoot levee dis- trict ($4,676.69), lower St. Francis levee dis- trict ($24,178.80), White River levee dis- trict ($177,968.38), general repairs, and stone ($250,000), and Slough Landing Neck, Tenn. ($5,400) ------------------------------------- $462, 223.87 August, 1927, by reallotment to lower St. Francis levee district ($75,000) and reimbursement of ex- penditures made in fiscal year 1927 for coal fur- nished Delta Line steamers ($26.75) ------------ 75, 026. 75 December, 1927, by reimbursement of expenditures made in fiscal year 1927, from the secretary, Mis- sissippi River Commission, for surveys in Plum Point Reach and other localities ------ -.- 3, 079. 76 540, 330. 38 Total net decrease--___------- ---------- 271, 893. 49 By the third district: Decreased- July, 1927, by revocations of allotments for Cypress Bend, Ark. ('20,000), Miller Bend, Miss. ($10,000), Leland Neck, Ark. ($15,000), Princeton, Miss. ($10,000), Valewood, Miss. ($10,000), Hagaman, La. ($10,000), Milliken Bend, La. ($10,000), Duckport, La. ($135,000), Grand Lake, Ark. ($60,000), Linwood Dike, Ark. ($75,000), Greenville, Miss. (.50,000), Mascot, La. ($120,000), repairs to existing works and stone ($71,000), and plant ($75,000) ------------------ ---- 671, 000.00 September, 1927, by revocation of allotment for levees, general repairs and restoration____--------.-----. 7, 000. 00 678, 000. 00 Increased- July, 1927, by reallotments to upper Tensas levee district ($244,000) and lower Yazoo levee district ($47,000) - -- --------- $291,000. 00 August, 1927, reallotment to levees, general repairs and restoration ------------------------------ 106, 000. 00 November, 1927, reallotment lo revetment, barge-line terminal at Vicksburg, Miss ---------------- 150, 000. 00 547, 000. 00 Total net decrease_____-------------------- ---------------- 131,000.00 By the fourth district: Increased- July, 1927, reallotted to lower Tensas levee district ($200,000). Red River, Atchafalaya and Bayou Boeuf levee districts ($85,000), Atchafalaya levee district (back) ($36,000), Lafourche levee dis- district ($172,000), Pontchartrain levee district ($466,000), and Lake Borgne levee district ($41,000) -------------------- 1, 000, 000. 00 August, 1927, reallotted to lower Tensas levee district ($572,00), Atchafalaya levee district (front) ($337,000), Atchafalaya levee district (back), ($171,000), ' Pontchartrain levee district ($20,000), Lake Borgne levee district ($16,000), and dredging and miscellaneous (surveys, gauges and observations) ($5,000)_ 1, 121, 000. 00 September, 1927, reimbursement of items reported as reimbursable on June, 1927, financial statement------------------------ 49, 122. 24 2, 170, 122. 24 Decreased-August, 1927, revocations of allotments for experimental concrete revetment ($2.000), Deer Park, La. ($60,000). Giles Bend ($3,000), Marengo Bend ($5,000), Yucatan Bend ($175,000), Grand Bay, La. ($76,000), general repairs and stone ($180,000), plant ($144,000), and harbor at New Orleans, La. ($200,000) ----------- 845, 000.00 ---------------------------- Total net increase---__. 1, 325, 122. 24 Grand total increase as above computed--------------------------- 628, 317. 06 Less-allotments from unallotted balance as of July 1, 1927, included in above increases ($506,000 minus $16,000 withdrawn by spillway board)-- 490, 000. 00 Grand total net increase (reimbursements only)------------------ 138, 317. 06 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 1925 APPROPRIATION FOR FOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES July 1, 1927, balance unexpended ----------------------------- $0.00 Appropriated by deficiency act of May 29, 1928 ----- _------- 14, 000, 000. 00 Total-------------- -------------------------- 14, 000, 000. 00 June 30, 1928, amount expended during fiscal year_..-,,-...--- 36, 878.53 July 1, 1928, balance unexpended ------------------ 13, 963, 121. 47 July 1, 1928, outstanding liabilities___- $173, 956. 54 July 1, 1928, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts ------------------------------------ 462, 264. 04 636, 220. 58 July 1, 1928, balance available_ ......... - ,..----,--- 13, 326, 900. 89 Balance available distributed as follows: Surveys, gauges, and observations ____--___--- 730, 000. 00 Levees, Head of the Passes to Rock Island, Ill- 4, 395, 624. 28 Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel improvement and protection ------- 4, 531, 776. 61 Dredges and dredging ---------------------- 500, 000. 00 Plant and miscellaneous __ ---------- -1, 529, 500. 00 Improving harbors and tributaries 70, 000. 00 Unallotted ----- ____ ______-___---1, 570, 000. 00 13, 326, 900. 89 AMOUNT THAT CAN BE PROFITABLY EXPENDED IN FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1930 The " Act for the control of floods on the Mississippi River and its tributaries," approved May 15, 1928, states that: "The sum of $325,000,000 is hereby authorized to be appropriated for this purpose." The commission recommends that appropriations be made under the adopted project at the rate of about $35,000,000 the first year and thereafter $40,000,000 per year. The $14,000,000 authorized under act of May 29, 1928, and all balances of earlier appropriations unexpended July 1, 1929, can be profitably expended in the fiscal year beginning that date. The balances referred to will be needed to pay outstanding liabilities, and to cover contracts and incidental expenses. APPROPRIATION FOR MAINTENANCE AND IMPROVEMENT OF EXISTING RIVER AND HARBOR WORKS July 1, 1927, balance unexpended ___-- ____------------_-__- - $0.00 Appropriated by act of Feb. 23, 1927 (War Department) _---------------------------- $2, 000,000. 00 Revoked during fiscal year ------------------- 1, 850, 000. 00 150, 000. 00 Transferred from appropriation for emergency flood control, Mississippi River, act of Dec. 22, 1927, as reimbursement of expenditures incurred on account of the flood of 1927--------- 1, 472, 219. 49 Total-- --------------------- ------------------ 1, 622, 219.49 June 30, 1928, amount expended during fiscal year----- - 1,491, 095. 06 July 1, 1928, balance unexpended ------------------- 131, 124. 43 July 1, 1928, outstanding liabilities-___ -- __-- $17, 421.76 July 1, 1928, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts ------------------------------------ 96, 227. 92 113, 649. 68 July 1, 1928, balance available (revetment) -------------- 17,474. 75 * Expended for emergency flood control on account of the flood of 1927. 1926 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 2 8 APPROPRIATION FOR EMERGENCY FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER July 1, 1927, balance unexpended .------------------------------ $0. 00 Appropriated by deficiency act of Dec. 22, 1927----------------7, 000, 000. 00 7, 000, 000. 00 Transferred to appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River ------------------------ $5, 266,425. 00 Transferred to appropriation for maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works --------------------------------- 1, 472, 219. 49 6, 738, 644. 49 July 1, 1928, balance unexpended--------- 261, 355. 51 July 1, 1928, outstanding liabilities--------------0. 00 July 1, 1928, amount covered by uncompleted contracts ------------------------------ ---- 0. O 0. 00 July 1, 1928, balance available-------------- ---------- 261, 355. 51 APPROPRIATION FOR FLOOD PROTECTION ON WHITE RIVER, WOODRUFF' AND MONROE COUNTIES, ARK. July 1, 1927, balance unexpended------------------ --- --------- $0. 00 Appropriated by Public Resolution No. 44, approved May 16, 1928- 25, 000. 00 Total--------------------------------------------- 25, 000. 00 June 30, 1928, amount expended during fiscal year------------ 18, 250. 13 July 1, 1928, balance unexpended ------------------------ 6, 749. 87 July 1, 1928, outstanding liabilities--------------- 0. 00 July 1, 1928, amoint covered by uncompleted contracts ------------ ------------- -- 0. 00 0. 00 July 1, 1928, balance available-------------------------- 6, 749.87 EMERGENCY FUND FOR FLOOD CONTROL ON TRIBUTARIES OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER July 1, 1927, balance unexpended------------------------------ $0. 00 Allotment approved by Secretary of War, E. D. 7402 (Miss. R.) 1234----------------------------------- ------------ 95, 000. 00 Total --------------------------------------------- 95, 000. 00 June 30, 1928, amount expended during fiscal year-------------- 273. 64 July 1, 1928, balance unexpended---------------------- 94, 726. 36 July 1, 1928, outstanding liabilities------------- $65, 274. 36 July 1, 1928, amount covered by uncompleted contracts ----------------------------------- 5, 140. 19 70, 414. 55 July 1, 1928, balance available------------------------- 24, 311.81 3 APPROPRIATION FOR GAUGING WATERS OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES July 1, 1927, balance unexpended---------------------------- $0. 00 Amount allotted by Chief of Engineers, from permanent annual appropriation made by sec. 6 of river and harbor act of Aug. 11, 1888, as amended by sec. 9 of river and harbor act of June 13, 1902----------------------------------------------- 9, 100. 00 Total-------------- 9, 100. 00 SThe custody and care of the gauges maintained under this appropriation were assumed by the Mississippi River Commission Feb. 11, 1901, on which date they were transferred to the secretary, Mississippi River Commission, under authority of Secretary of War, dated Jan. 25, 1901. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 1927 June 30, 1928, amount expended during fiscal year___ $9, 100. 00 June 30, 1928, amount reverted to Treasury during fiscal year------------------------------------ 0. 00 $9, 100. 00 July 1, 1928, balance unexpended ----------------------------- 0. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930-- -------------------------------- 9, 100. 00 ITEMIZED STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1928, SUBMITTED IN COMPLIANCE WITH REQUIREMENT OF SECTION 6 OF RIVER AND HARBOR ACT OF AUGUST 11, 1888 Observations: Pay of permanent gauge observers----------- $4, 872. 42 Inspection and repairs: Inspection of gauges on Mississippi River by parties on steamers____________.-------- $3, 333.41 Inspection of gauges on tributaries------------- 97. 23 Renewals and repairs of gauges and bulletins__ 66. 95 3, 497. 59 Office expenses and contingencies: Pay of engineers, surveymen, etc---__---_------ -------- ------------------- 729. 99 '1'ULil--------------,,-------------,-------------- 9, 100. 00 FUNDS CONTRIBUTED FOR IMPROVEMENT OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER IN THE YAZQO- MISSISIPPI DELTA LEVEE DISTRICT July 1, 1927, balance unexpended--------------------------- $47, 900. 54 Contributed during fiscal year----------------------------- 330, 000. 00 Total ---- ---------------------------------------- 377, 900. 54 June 30, 1928, amount expended during fiscal year----------- 313, 132. 88 July 1, 1928, balance unexpended --------------------- 64, 767. 66 July 1, 1928, outstanding liabilities ______---- __$13, 766.42 July 1, 1928, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts ------------------------------------- 46, 814. 75 60, 581. 1 July 1, 1928, balance available (revetment) _ 4, 186. 49 FUNDS CONTRIBUTED BY LOCAL LEVEE DISTRICTS FOR FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER July 1, 1927, balance unexpended------------------------ $1, 025, 913. 55 Contributed during fiscal year---------------------------5 933, 402. 79 Total--------------- --------------------------- 1, 959, 316. 34 June 30, 1928, amount expended during fiscal year-----------1, 748, 337. 72 July 1, 1928, balance unexpended----------------------210, 978. 62 July 1, 1928, outstanding liabilities--------------- $7, 013.72 July 1, 1928, amount covered by uncompleted contracts- 49, 456. 72 56, 470. 44 July 1, 1928, balance available (levees) ---------------- 154, 508. 18 4 Amount reported in Annual Report for 1927, $1,051,389.03, decreased $25.475.48 by return of $12,000 to contributor (levee district No. 1, Perry County, Mo.) in September, 1927, by the secretary and northern district; and return' of $5,750 in October, 1927, and $7,725.48 in May, 1928, to contributor (Yazoo-Mississippi Delta levee district) by the third district. 5 Net contributions only. Gross contributions, $953,402.79, reduced $20,000, returned to contributor (Preston levee drainage district, Illinois) in May, 1928, by the secretary and northern district. 1928 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Consolidlated statement of all appropriations expended under the Mississippi River Commission to June 30, 1928 APPROPRIATIONS FOR MISSISSIPPI RIVER Act of June 28, 1879 (organic) __________ $175, 000. 00 Act of June 16, 1880 (sundry civil) 150, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 3, 1881 (river and harbor) Act of Mar. 3, 1881 (sundry civil) - 1, 000, 000. 00 150, 000.00 Act of Aug. 2, 1882 (river and harbor) __ 4, 123, 000. 00 Act of Aug. 7, 1882 (sundry civil) 150, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 3, 1883 (sundry civil) 150, 000. 00 Act of Jan. 19, 1884-_- 1, 000, 000. 00 Act of July 5, 1884 (river and harbor) ----------- 75, 000. 00 Act of July 5, 1884 (river and harbor), less $5,000 transferred to snag-boat service- .. 2, 065, 000. 00 Act of July 7, 1884 (sundry civil) ------------ __-- 75, 000. 00 Act of Aug. 5, 1886 (river and harbor), less $5,942.60 for ex- penses, office, Chief of Engineers_ -. ____ ____ ___ 1, 994, 057. 40 Act of Aug. 5, 1886 (river and harbor), less $47.30 for expenses, office, Chief of Engineers__ ______________ 29, 952. 70 Act of Aug. 11, 1888 (river and harbor), less $4,859 for expenses, office, Chief of Engineers__ __ _____ _____ 2, 840, 141. 00 Act of Aug. 11, 1888 (river and harbor) 75, 000. 00 Act of Oct. 2, 1888 (sundry civil) 35, 000. 00 Act of Oct. 19, 1888 (deficiency), less $4,214.39 reverted to the Treasury_-- --------- 20, 785. 61 Act of Sept. 19, 1890 (river and harbor) _- 3, 200, 000. 00 Act of Sept. 30, 1890 (deficiency) _----_- 5, 625.00 Act of Mar. 3, 1891 (deficiency) 1, 950. 00 Joint resolution approved Mar. 3, 1891 (Public, No. 19) .----.... 1, 000, 000. 00 Act of July 13, 1892 (river and harbor) ___ 2, 470, 000. 00 Act of July 28, 1892 (deficiency) 44. 80 Act. of Mar. 3, 1893 (sundry civil) 2, 665, 000. 00 Act of Aug. 18, 1894 (river and harbor) 485, 000. 00 Act of Aug. 18, 1894 (sundry civil) 2, 665, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 2, 1895 (sundry civil) __ 2, 665, 000.00 Act of June 3, 1896 (river and harbor) 909, 000. 00 Joint resolution approved Mar. 31, 1897 (Public, No. 6) ....... 250, 000. 00 Act of June 4, 1897 (sundry civil) ___ 2, 933, 333. 00 Act of July 19, 1897 (deficiency) 625, 000.00 Act of July 1, 1898 (sundry civil) 1, 983, 333. 00 Act of Mar. 3, 1899 (sundry civil) __ 2, 583, 333. 00 Act of Mar. 3, 1899 (river and harbor) _ 185, 000. 00 Act of June 6, 1900 (sundry civil), less $5,000 for expenses, office, Chief of Engineers______ ____ 2, 245, 000. 00 Act of June 13, 1902 (river and harbor) 2, 200, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 3, 1903 (sundry civil) 2, 000, 000. 00 Act of Apr. 28, 1904 (sundry civil) 2, 000, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 3, 1905 (river and harbor) 1, 000, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 3, 1905 (sundry civil) ..- 2, 000, 000. 00 Act of June 30, 1906 (sundry civil) 2, 000, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 2, 1907 (river and harbor) 3, 000, 000. 00 Act of May 27, 1908 (sundry civil) 2, 000, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 4, 1909 (sundry civil) ..- 2, 000, 000. 00 Act of June 25, 1910 (sundry civil) 2, 000, 000. 00 Act of June 25, 1910 (river and harbor) 2, 000, 000. 00 Act of Feb. 27, 1911, (river and harbor) 3, 000, 000. 00 Act of July 25, 1912 (river and harbor), $6,000,000 less $1,443,944.83 expended for rebuilding levees, under joint reso- lution of Apr. 30, 1912--- -------- -------._ 4, 556, 055. 17 Act of July 25, 1912 (river and harbor) 30, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 4, 1913 (river and harbor) 6, 000, 000. 00 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 1929 Act of Mar. 4, 1913 (river and harbor) ------ $200, 000. 00 Act of July 27, 1916 (river and harbor) --------------------- 6, 000, 000. 00 Total specific appropriations ----------------------- 82, 965, 610. 68 Balances from former appropriations applied to works below Cairo under act of Aug: 2, 1882, less $1.23.42 reverted td Treasury -- ------------- $272, 504.96 Same for works above Cairo, under act of July 5, 1884 ---------------------- 22, 632.53 Total balances------------------------------------- 295, 137. 49 Amount, $15.76, arising from refundments pertaining to extinct or unknown allotments, less debit of Treasury settlement No. 13704, Dec. 26, 1900, $1.74, as reported by the Chief of Engi- neers, U. S. Army, June 23, 1916 (credited to allotment for "Mississippi River Commission " December, 1916) ----------- 14. 02 83, 260, 762. 19 Miscellaneous receipts previously reported-------------------- 305, 355.92 Total ------------------------------------------ 83, 566,118. 11 EXPENDED (MISSISSIPPI RIVER) Location and object To June 30, 1927 Mississippi River Commission..........................................---------------------------------------------- $1, 098, 471.91 Surveys, gauges, and observations________-____________ _--------- 3,124, 874.17 Examination from Cape Girardeau, Mo., to Rock Island, Ill ....--------------------------- 10,000.00 Levees, Head of the Passes to Rock Island, Ill_- 34, 841, 113. 39 Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel improvement and protection.. 19, 364, 328. 24 Dredges and dredging..................................................... ------------------------------------------------------ 7, 191, 656. 72 Experimental dikes............................................................----------------------- 100,000.00 Plant and miscellaneous..........------------------------------------------------------.. .6, 832, 497. 35 Improving harbors and tributaries, except Vicksburg Harbor------- .....--------- _ 9, 552, 562.82 Improving Vicksburg Harbor ------------------------------ 682, 980. 98 ---------------................ --- Examination of lands subject to overflow, east bank, Mississippi River.... ------------------- 22, 401.94 Works above Cairo..... -------------------------------- ------------------------ 737, 632.53 Total expended------------------------------------------------------------------- 83, 558, 520.05 -------------------------- To surplus fund-.........------------------------------............................ 7, 598. 06 Balance unexpended June 30, 1927 ....--------------------------------------............... Total appropriated, etc---........---.................-----------------------------------------. 83, 566, 118. 11 6 Unexpended balance of the specific appropriation by act of July 25, 1912, for examination and survey of lands subject to overflow, east bank, Mississippi River, $7,598.06, carried to surplus fund June 30, 1914. (E. D. 15927-414, Sec. M. R. C. 2000-1.) APPROPRIATIONS FOR FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND SACRAMENTO RIVER, CALIF. Act of June 12, 1917 (sundry civil) ------------------------ $5, 660, 000.00 Act of July 1, 1918 (sundry civil) ------------------------- 6, 670, 000. 00 Act of July 19, 1919 (sundry civil) -------------------------6, 670, 000. 00 Act of June 5, 1920 (sundry civil) ------------------------- 6,670, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 4, 1921 (sundry civil) ------------------------- 6, 670, 000. 00 Total specific appropriations....---------------------------- 32, 340, 000.00 Miscellaneous receipts previously reported-------------------- 168, 032. 92 Total ------------------------------------------ 32, 508, 032. 92 1930 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 EXPENDED (FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND SACRAMENTO RIVER, CALIF.) During Location and object To June 30, year ending Total 1927 June 30, 1928 Mississippi River Commission- ... _- $316, 251.00 $316, 251.00 Surveys, gauges, and observations . .-------- .... ....... 318, 342. 98 318, 342. 98 Levees, Head of the Passes to Rock Island, I ll--.---------- 14, 082, 156. 06 14, 082, 156. 06 Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel im- provement and protection. -. 8, 902, 932. 00 8, 902, 932. 00 Dredges and dredging-_. . 2, 812, 224. 76 2, 812, 224. 76 - -. Plant and m iscellaneous .-......... ....... .. . .. .. . 4, 302, 135. 88 $2, 624. 03 4, 304, 759. 91 Improving harbors and tributaries __ 1, 029, 426. 98 1, 432. 98 1, 030, 859. 96 Memphis Harbor_ - - - -__ 740, 506. 25 - - --- --- 740, 506. 25 i Total expended ... ... . 32, 503, 975. 91 4, 057. 01 32, 508, 032. 92 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928..__..... - ..... - __I Total appropriated, etc...............------------------........--- .................. . 32, 508, 032. 92 APPROPRIATIONS FOR FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER Act of Apr. 21, 1922 (joint resolution), unexpended balances from $1,000,000 appropriated under emergency flood control, Missis- sippi River (previously reported) ------------------------- $246, 301. 21 Additional unexpended balances revoked by Chief of Engi- neers during fiscal year 1924, from emergency flood control as follows: Levees, third district, May, 1924_ 2, 218. 38 Levees, fourth district, May, 1924___ 12. 19 Act of June 30, 1922 (War Department), [$6,670,000 less $1,000,- 000 deducted under the provisions of act of Apr. 21, 1922, for emergency flood control] _______ 5, 670, 000.00 Act of Mar. 2, 1923 (War Department), less $3,480 revoked by Chief of Engineers, July 24, 1923 (ED-4140-3, sec. MRC. 2662-112)_----____---___ 5, 983, 120. 00 Act of June 7, 1924 (War Department) ---------------------- 10, 000,000. 00 Act of Feb. 12, 1925 (War Department) ------------------ 10, 000, 000. 00 Act of Apr. 15, 1926 (War Department), [$10,000,000 7 less $41,000 deducted under provisions of act of Apr. 17, 1926, for survey for the control of excess flood waters of the Mississippi River below Point Breeze in Louisiana and on the Atchafalaya out- let] 9, 959, 000. 00 Act of Feb. 23, 1927 (War Department) 10, 000, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 23, 1928 (War Department) 10, 000, 000. 00 Transferred from appropriation for emergency flood control, Mis- sissippi River, act of Dec. 22, 1927, as reimbursement of ex- penditures incurred on account of the flood of 1927__ 5, 266, 425.00 Total specific appropriations---------------------------_ 67, 127, 076. 78 Amounts received from sales of engineer property, etc., under the provisions of sec. 5 of river and har- bor act of June 13, 1902, credited to allotments indicated in months named: By the secretary and northern district- September, 1927 (Mississippi River Com- mission) -------------------------------- $5, 001. 00 May, 1928 (surveys, gauges and observa- tions)---------------------------------- .50 By the dredging district-- March, 1928 (dredging and miscellaneous) _ 3. 00 May, 1928 (dredging and miscellaneous) ___ 3, 018. 76 SThe act of Apr. 17, 1926, provides for use of $50,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, from funds heretofore appropriated for flood control, Mississippi River. Prior to July 1, 1927, $25,000 was allotted and during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1928, $16,000 was allotted. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 1931 Amounts received, etc.-Continued. By the first and second districts- September, 1927 (Gayoso Bend, Mo.)_______ $1, 844. 60 September, 1927 (Hulfman to Hickman, Ark.) 767. 40 October, 1927 (Huffman to Hickman, Ark.)_ 1, 584. 10 November, 1927 (Huffman to Hickman, Ark.) 2,218. 60 December, 1927 (Gayoso Bend, Mo.) -------- 614. 30 December, 1927 (Huffman to Hickman, Ark.) _ 4, 917. 30 January, 1928 (Gayoso Bend, Mo.)--------- 199. 03 January, 1928 (Iluffman to Hickman, Ark.)_ 2, 999. 50 February, 1928 (White River levee district)_ 549. 00 April, 1928 (plant) ------------------------ 1, 309. 50 May, 1928 (Polks Landing, Miss.)--__--) 1, 491.26 May, 1928 (Huffman to Hickman, Ark.) . 739. 10 By the third district- July, 1927 (lower Tensas levee district)____ 87. 50 July, 1927 (plant) ------------------------- 1, 728. 38 August, 1927 (lower Yazoo levee district)___ 1, 027. 00 August, 1927 (plant) ---------------------- 37. 82 September, 1927 (lower Yazoo levee district)_ 13, 191. 29 September, 1927 (plant) -------------------- 256. 90 October, 1927 (repairs to existing works and stone) --------------------------------- 3, 683. 08 November, 1927 (repairs to existing works and stone) ------------------------------ 6, 381. 76 December, 1927 (upper Tensas levee district)_ .50 December, 1927 (repairs to existing works and stone) ------------------------------ 5, 259. 02 January, 1928 (repairs to existing works and stone) ---------------------------------- 5, 033. 96 February, 1928 (repairs to existing works and stone)--------------------------- 10, 094. 78 March, 1928 (repairs to existing works and stone) ---------------------------------- 3, 101. 29 April, 1928 (upper Tensas levee district)___ 25. 10 April, 1928 (repairs to existing works and stone) ---------------------------------- 5, 344. 20 April, 1928 (plant)------------------------ 965.00 May, 1928 (repairs to existing works and stone) ---------------------------------- 13.70 June, 1928 (repairs to existing works and stone) ---------------------- -------- 6, 656. 40 By the fourth district- October, 1927 (lower Tensas levee district) 361. 00 October, 1927 (Red River, Atchafalaya and Bayou Boeuf levee districts) -------------- 602. 59 October, 1927 (Atchafalaya levee district, front) , 800. 45 1---------------------------------- October, 1927 (Atchafalaya levee district, back)--------- -------------- 567.90 October, 1927 (Lafourche levee district)__. 20, 732. 49 October, 1927 (Pontchartrain levee district) _ 1, 131. 05 October, 1927 (Lake Borgne levee district)__ 690. 95 October, 1927 (plant) ____--_---------- .50 December, 1927 (plant) ------------------- 4. 00 January, 1928 (Red River, Atchafalaya, and Bayou Boeuf levee districts) ___ _______ 7.50 January, 1928 (plant) _-------------------- 690. 54 February, 1928 (plant) -- __ __-- _____-----2, 638.75 February, 1928 (dredging and miscellan- eous) _----------------------------------15, 000. 00 March, 1928 (plant) ------------------------ 43. 50 April, 1928 (plant) ------------------------ 447. 10 May, 1928 (plant) 56. 88 1932 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Amounts received in months named for rental of plant and dock, credited to allotments as indicated: By the first and second districts- December, 1927 (plant) --- ----------- $1, 152. 72 By the third district- October, 1927 (plant) ---------------------- 300. 00 December, 1927 (plant) -------------------- 11.50 April, 1928 (plant) ------------------------- 60. 00 May, 1928 (plant) ------------------------- 71.00 June, 1928 (plant) ------ - - - - -__ -_ 300. 00 By the fourth district- October, 1927 (plant) _---------------------22. 05 January, 1928 (plant)--------------------- - 18. 33 March, 1928 (plant) -------------------------- 22. 38 May, 1928 (plant) ------------------------- 159. 48 Amount received during fiscal year------- 147, 037. 29 Previously reported-------------------------267,587.34 Total miscellaneous receipts---------------------------- $414, 624. 63 Total 541, 701.41 __---------------------------------------- EXPENDED (FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER) During year Location and object To June 30, ending Total June 30, 1928 . Mississippi River Commission ----------------------- $546, 873.36 $181,859. 58 $728, 732.94 Surveys, gauges, and observations .--------------------- 507, 981. 37 8 265, 676. 14 773, 657. 51 Levees, Head of the Passes to Rock Island, Ill....--------- 18, 461, 472. 97 to 5, 807, 197.90 24, 268, 670. 87 Dikes .......-- _-___ _ _............. ......... ... 11 185, 000. 00 31, 010. 34 216, 010. 34 Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel improvement and protection--_-- -_-------------_-- 12 12, 563, 995.77 132, 320, 627. 69 14, 884, 623.46 Dredges and dredging.....................---------------------------14 3, 801, 579.27 15 1, 039, 774. 49 4, 841, 353. 76 ,------,1 Plant and miscellaneous__ -------------------- 5, 180, 599. 83 I7 1, 877, 600. 49 7, 058, 200. 32 Improving harbors and tributaries ..------------------ Is, 201,291.73 , 68, 908. 87 1, 270, 200. 60 Flood relief work.... .. --------------------------------- 19 25, 412.97 5, 586. 65 30, 999. 62 Total expended . ..------------------------------ 42, 474, 207. 27 20 11, 598, 242. 15 54, 072, 449. 42 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 .-----------....----------------......... ----------------... 2113, 469, 251.99 Total appropriated, etc...................----------------- ------------------------------- 67, 541, 701.41 9 Amount reported in Annual Report for 1927, $17,762,744.99, increased $724,140.95 in September, 1927, by the fourth district to effect a transfer of funds between allotments under the provisions of par. 92, Cost- keeping Manual, and decreased $25,412.97 by first and second districts to report expenditure for refugee work, flood of 1927, under separate heading instead of under "levees." 11Amount reported in Annual Report for 1927, $0.00, increased $185,000 by the third district to report expenditures for "dikes" which have been previously shown under "revetments." See footnote (12) below. 12Amount reported in Annual Report for 1927, $13,024,018.13, decreased $460,022.36 by reimbursements and transfers of funds between allotments as follows: By the first and second districts: Decreased- August, 1927, reimbursement of expenditures in fiscal year 1927 from the Delta Line steamers for coal furnished-----.. ----------------------------------------- $26.75 By third district: Decreased- June, 1928, to show expenditures for Ashbrook Dike, Miss. ($150,000) and Leland Dike, Ark. ($35,000) under separate heading for "dikes"----------------------.................................. 185, 000. 00 By fourth district: Decreased- September, 1927, transfer of funds between allotments-------------------------................................. 274, 995. 61 Total decrease................-------------.........-------........---------------------------------.................................. 460, 022. 36 x IssIPPI RIVERZOOMMISSIOI 1933 (Footnotes--Continued) 1 'Amount reported in Annual Report for 1927, $3,887,005.17, decreased $85,425.90 by reimbursements and transfers of funds between allotments as follows: By dredging district : Decreased- July, 1927, by cancellation of voucher No. 624, June, 1927, on account of the amount thereof having been previously paid by the American National Red Cross ($236.09); by reimbursements of expenditures made in the fiscal year 1927, from secretary, Mississippi River Commission, for supplies furnished steamer Mercury ($377.23), for labor furnished for operation of steamer Mercury ($1,365.95), for services of crew and supplies furnished with steamer Inspector ($4,296.97) and for painting hull of quarterboat No. 1 ($3.86) ; by reimbursements of expenditures made in fiscal year 1927, from disbursing officer, first and second MRC districts for fuel oil furnished ($12,191.46) ; by reimbursement of expenditures made in fiscal year 1927, from disbursing officer, third MRC district, for operation of dredge Omega at Brunswick levee ($49,267.78) and at Pendleton levee ($15,977.48); and by reimbursement of expenditures made in fiscal year 1927, from superintendent thirteenth United States lighthouse district, for repairs to steamer Wakerobin ($22.28)------------ $83, 739.10 August, 1927, by reimbursement of expenditures made in fiscal year 1927, from the fourth district for services of employees and travel expenses furnisned (*2,281.49) and from the first and second districts, for services and supplies furnished for operation of steamer Jupiter ($303.81)------------------------------- 2, 585. 30 $86, 324. 40 By dredging district: Increased- August, 1927, on account of erroneously crediting allot- ment in July, 1927------------------------------- 236. 09 By fourth district: Increased- September, 1927, transfer of funds between allotments-- 662. 41 898. 50 Total net decrease----------------------------------------85, 425. 90 6 oAmount reported in Annual Report for 1927, $5,679,798.47, decreased $499,198.64 by reimbursements and transfers of funds between allotments as follows: By first and second districts: Decreased- December, 1927, reimbursement of expenditures made in fiscal year 1927, from the secretary, Mississippi River Commission, for surveys in Plum Point Reach and other localities--------------------------- $3, 079. 76 By the fourth district: Decreased- September, 1927, reimbursement of expenditures made in fiscal year 1927, from other districts for inspec- tion of piles ($95.80), coal and materials ($162.97), coal, etc. ($152.52), loading charges ($32.40), dockage, repairs, and supplies ($31,324.72), spill- way surveys ($17,278.42), supplies ($56.20), trans- ferring furnace ($9.94), and materials and labor ($9.27); and transfer of funds between allotments ($446,996.64) ----------------------------------- 496, 118. 88 Total net decrease-------------------------------------- $499, 198. 64 I8 Amount reported in Annual Report for 1927, $1,204,102.84, decreased $2,811.11 in September, 1927, by the fourth district to effect a transfer of funds between allotments under 9 provisions of par. 92, Cost-keeping Manual. ' Amount reported in Annual Report for 1927, $0.00, increased $25,412.97, to show expenditure for refugee work, flood of 1927, under separate heading instead of under " levees." aIncludes $125, 349. 80 1o Includes 4,819, 929. 28 Expended on account of the flood of 1927 (these amounts 18 Includes 155, 000. 00 were reimbursed to appropriation for flood control, Missis- 15 Includes 41, 145. 92 sippi River, from appropriation for emergency flood control, 17Includes 125, 000. 00 Mississippi River, act of Dec. 22, 1927). 20 Includes 5,266, 425. 00 2e Includes $680,000 unallotted funds. 1934 REPORT OF CHIEF 'OF ENGINEERS . -ARMY, 1928 APPROPRIATION FOR FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES Deficiency act of May 29, 1928 ------------------------ $14, 000,000. 00 Miscellaneous receipts -------------- ----------------- 0. 00 Total-- -------------- ------------------------- 14, 000, 000. 00 EXPENDED (FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES) During Location and object year Juneending 28, Total 1928 Levees, Head of the Passes to Rock Island, Ill-...------------------------- $5, 303. 84 $5, 303. 84 Revetment and contraction' works, permanent channel improvement and protection-------------------------------------------------- 31, 574. 69 31, 574. 69 Total expended_- ---- ---.-.-... . ... 36, 878. 53 36, 878. 53 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928.....................------------------------------------------........ 22 13, 963, 121. 47 Total appropriated------------------------------------.........................................--.....-----------............--14, 000, 000. 00 22Includes $1,570,000 unallotted funds. APPROPRIATIONS FOR MAINTENANCE AND IMPROVEMENT OF EXISTING RIVER AND HARBOR WORKS Act of Oct. 2, 1914 (allotment Oct. 7, 1914) ----------------- $3, 750, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 4, 1915 (allotment Apr. 2, 1915) ----------------- 4, 00, 000. 00 Act of Feb. 23, 1927 (allotted during fiscal year 1928) ---------------------------------- $2, 000, 000. 00 Less revocations of allotments during fiscal year 1928----- --------- ------------------ 1, 850, 000. 00 150, 000. 00 Transferred from appropriation for emergency flood control, Mississippi River, act of Dec. 22, 1927, as reimbursement of ex- penditures incurred on account of the flood of 1927----------1, 472, 219. 49 Total specific appropriations_ - -- - ___-____-_____ -___ 9, 372, 219. 49 Miscellaneous receipts: Previously reported ------------------------------ 11, 505. 73 Total ------------------------------------------ 9, 383, 725. 22 EXPENDED (MAINTENANCE AND IMPROVEMENT OF EXISTING RIVER AND HARBOR WORKS) To June 30, During year Location and object 1927 Jni30,T1928 June 30, 1928 Mississippi River Commission..........------------------------ $69, 751.29 ---------------- $69, 751. 29 Surveys, gauges and observations ----------------------- 124, 411. 85 ---------------- 124, 411. 85 Levees, Head of the Passes to Cape Girardeau, Mo------ 3, 888, 481.59 --------------- 3, 888, 481.59 Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel improvement and protection-.------------------- 2, 122, 716. 09 $1, 111,095. 06 3, 233, 811. 15 Dredges and dredging------------------------------- 605, 662. 06 66, 000. 00 671, 662. 06 Experimental revetment.---------------------------- 32, 701. 39 ---------------- 32, 701. 39 Plant and miscellaneous----------.........................------------------- 571, 109. 57 314, 000. 00 885, 109. 57 Improving harbors and tributaries, except Vicksburg harbor..----------------------------------------- 346, 671. 89 ---------------- 346, 671. 89 Total -expended--------------------------------- 7, 761, 505. 73 1, 491, 095. 06 9, 252, 600. 79 Balance Unexpended June 30, 1928 ...----------------------- ------------------ ------------ 131,124. 43 Total appropriated, etc......___.....---------------------------------... ---------------- 9, 383, 725. 22 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 1935 APPROPRIATIONS FOR EMERGENCY FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER Act of Apr. 21, 1922 ($1,000,000 less $248,531.78 reverted to flood control, Mississippi River)___..._ ____ ________$751, 468. 22 Deficiency act of Dec. 22, 1927 ($7,000,000 less $1,472,219.49 trans- ferred to appropriation for maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works and $5,266,425 transferred to appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River, as reimburse- ment of expenditures incurred on account of the flood of 1927)_ 261, 355. 51 Miscellaneous receipts: Received from sale of lumber, August, 1922 (fourth district) 719. 55 Total_ --------------------------------- -- - - ________ 1,013, 543.28 EXPENDED (EMERGENCY FLOOD CONTROL) To June 30, Location and object 1923 Mississippi River Commission ........................--------------..----------........----------- $6, 042. 90 Levees--------........................--------------------------------.....----------------------------- 746, 144. 87 Total expended...--....................----------------------------------------------- 752, 187. 77 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 ...................-----------...................-------------------------------.. 261, 355. 51 Total appropriated, etc...........-------------................. 1, 013, 543. 28 EMERGENCY FUND FOR FLOOD CONTROL ON TRIBUTARIES OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER Allotments by Secretary of War, June, 1928_ -___________________ $95, 000. 00 (EXPENDED EMERGENCY FUND FOR FLOOD CONTROL ON TRIBUTARIES OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER) Location and object To June 1928 30, Total Maintenance and repairs of levees in Jackson, Woodruff, Prairie, and Monroe Counties, Ark_------- ----------------------------------------------. $248.14 $248.14 Maintenance and repairs of levees on St. Francis and Little Rivers-............. 25. 50 25. 50 Total expended -------------------------------------------- ----............ 273. 64 273. 64 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928---_---- __-------------------------------------------- 94, 726.36 Total allotted------- ---- _----------------- ... -........- ,__ 95, 000.00 APPROPRIATION FOR FLOOD PROTECTION OF WHITE RIVER, WOODRUFF, AND MONROE COUNTIES, ARK. Appropriation by Public Resolution No. 41, May 16, 1928--___- ____ $25, 000. 00 EXPENDED (FLOOD PROTECTION ON WHITE RIVER, WOODRUFF, AND MONROE COUNTIES, ARK.) Location and object To June 30, 1928 Total i------- Flood protection on W hite River....----... ..----------- .---- .---- $18, 250.13 $18, 250.13 Total expended=.. 18, 250.13 18, 250.13 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 ..... _----_. 6, 749. 87 Total appropriated.--.. ......... .... _ . 25, 000. 00 14710--ENG 1928-122 1936 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIY, 19 28 Appropriation for preserving and protecting levees not under Government control on Mississippi River, its tributaries and outlets, during flood emergency .Allotment from act of May 2, 1922 (to fourth district) in fiscal year 1922_ ---------------- ------------------------------ $65, 000. 00 Allotment from act of May 2, 1922 (to fourth district) in fiscal year 1923---------------------------------------------------------- 3,500.00 Total allotted, etc----------------------------------- 68, 500. 00 Miscellaneous receipts:" Amounts received from sales of Engineer property, etc., under the provisions of sec. 5 of river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, credited to appropriation in months named (fourth district)- August, 1922, sale of lumber-------....------ ----- $887.87 October, 1922, sale of tools, etc----------------- 353.25 November, 1922, sale of lumber----------------- 35.25 Total miscellaneous receipts------------------------ 1, 276. 37 Total--- --------- ---------------------------- 69, 776. 37 EXPENDED (PRESERVING AND PROTECTING LEVEES, ETC.) Location and object To June 30, 1924 Expenditures (levees)..------ -------------------------------------------------- $69, 776. 37 APPROPRIATION FOR REPAIRING AND RESTORING LEVEES ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER ABOVE CAIRO, ILL. Appropriated by act of June 10, 1922 (from $200,000 appropriated by act of May 2, 1922) to secretary and northern district------ $100, 000. 00 (EXPENDED REPAIRING AND RESTORING LEVEES ABOVE CAIRO, ILL.; Location and object To June 30, 1924 Expenditures (levees).-------- ---------------------------------------------------- $71,992. 57 Reverted to U. S Treasury, surplus fund-....----------------------------------------28,007.43 Total allotted, etc---------- ........................-------------------------------------------- .......................................... 100, 000. 00 APPROPRIATIONS FOR GAUGING WATERS OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES Allotments from general appropriations for examinations, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors by acts of- Mar. 3, 1871 (allotment Apr. 11, 1871) --------------------- $5, 000. 00 June 10, 1872 (allotment July 11, 1872) --------------------- 5, 000. 00 Mar. 3, 1873 (allotment May 17, 1873) ---- ----------------- 5, 000. 00 June 23, 1874 (allotment July 29, 1874) --------------- ----- 5, 000.00 Mar. 3, 1875 (allotment Mar. 22, 1875) ---------------- 5, 000. 00 Specific appropriations by river and harbor acts of- Aug. 14, 1876------- - -------------- 5, 000. 00 June 18, 1878-- -------------------------------------- 5, 00. 00 Mar. 3, 1879----- ------------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 June 14, 1880----------------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Mar. 3, 1881 ------------------------------------------ 5, 000.00 Aug. 2, 1882 ------------------------------------------ 5, 000.00 Deficiency act of Mar. 12, 1884_--_ 2,100. 00 Specific appropriations by river and harbor acts of- July 5, 1884- --- _..._-5, 000. 00 Aug. 5. 1886 -- -- -- ___---- -- _-- _---5. 000. 00 MISSISSIPPI RIVEB COMMISION 1937 Allotted from specific appropriation by river and harbor act of Aug. 11, 1888 (allotment Oct. 17, 1888) --------------------------- $8, 700. 00 Deficiency act of Oct. 19, 1888--- ---- ----------------------- 3, 600. 00 Allotments from permanent indefinite appropriation made by section 6 of river and harbor. act of Aug. 11, 1888, for fiscal years, viz: 1890 (allotment Aug. 23, 1889) -------------------------------- 9, 000. 00 1891 (allotment Aug. 19, 1890, $8,700, less $3,518.34 withheld in United States Treasury under ruling that only $6,000 can be expended each fiscal year) ---- -------------------------- 5, 181. 66 1892 (allotment July 17, 1891) ------------------------------- 5, 100. 00 1893 (allotment July 15, 1892) --------------------------- 5, 500.00 1894 (allotment July 18, 1893) ------------------------------- 5, 500.00 1895 (allotment June 5, 1894) -------------------------------- 5, 500. 00 1896 (allotment June 4, 1895) --------- ------------------- 5, 500.00 1897 (allotment May 13, 1896)---------------------------- 5, 500. 00 1898 (allotment June 16, 1897) --------------------------- 5, 500. 00 1899 (allotments May 27, 1898, $5,500, July 12, 1898, $500)----- 6, 000. 00 1900 (allotment June 1, 1899) -------------------------------- 5, 500. 00 1901 (allotment July 2, 1900) --------------------------- 6,000.00 1902 (allotment July 31, 1901) --------------------------- 6, 000. 00 Allotments from permanent annual appropriation made by section 6 of river and harbor act of Aug. 11, 1888, as amended by section 9 of river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, for fiscal years, viz: 1903 (allotment July 23, 1902, $9,600, less $500 allotted Aug. 2, 1902, to St. Paul (Minn.) district) ----------------------- 9, 100. 00 1904 (allotment Apr. 18, 1903) ------------------------------ 9, 100. 00 1905 (allotment Aug. 11, 1904) ---------------------------- 9, 100. 00 1906 (allotment June 30, 1905) -------------------------- 9,100.00 1907 (allotment July 2, 1906)---------------------------- 9, 100. 00 1908 (allotment July 24, 1907) --------------------------- 9, 100. 00 1909 (allotment July 3, 1908) ----------------------------- 9, 100. 00 1910 (allotment July 13, 1909) ------------ ------------- 9, 100. 00 1911 (allotment July 27, 1910) --------------------------- , 600. 00 1912 ('allotment Feb. 7, 1911) --------------------------- 9, 100.00 1913 (allotment May 29, 1912) --------------------------- 9, 100.00 1914 ---- ---------------------------------------- 9, 100.00 1915 (allotment Sept. 2, 1914) ---------------------------- 9, 100.00 1916 (allotment July 28, 1915) ----------- ------ 9, 100. 00 1917 (allotment Aug. 3, 1916) ---------------------------- 9, 100. 00 1918 (allotment June 27, 1917) --------------------------- 9, 100. 00 1919 (allotment June 20, 1918) ----------------------------- 9, 100. 00 1920 (allotment June 12, 1919) ------------------------------- 9, 100. 00 1921 (allotment June 18, 1920) -------------- ------------- 9,100.00 1922 (allotment June 16, 1921)---------------------------9, 100. 00 1923 (allotment June 14, 1922) -------------------- ----- 9, 100. 00 1924 (allotment June 21, 1923) --------------------------- 9, 100. 00 1925 (allotment June 10, 1924)--- ------------------------ 9,100. 00 1926 (allotment June 10, 1925) --------------------------- 9, 100. 00 1927 (allotment June 8, 1926) ------------------ ------ 9, 100. 00 1928 (allotment June 8, 1927) ---------------------------- 9, 100. 00 Total--------- -- ------------------------- 392, 281. 66 EXPENDED (GAUGING WATERS MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES) During year To June 30, ending Total 1927 June 30, 1928 ----- $364, 221. 88 Expenditures......-----....................----------........................ $9, 100. 00 $373, 321. 88 Unexpended balances reverted to Treasury........................ 18,959. 78 ............------------ 18, 959. 78 383, 181. 66 9, 100. 00 Total----------------........................................................392, 281. 66 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 ------- ----- ---------------.............................. 392, 281.66 Total appropriated, etc-----------------------------................................--. ..............----........ 1938 REPORT OF CIITIE+' OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 APPROPRIATION FOR REBUILDING LEVEES OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES DAMAGED BY FLOODS Joint resolution of Apr. 30, 1912------------------------------ $1, 500, 000. 00 Allotments- Surveys, Ohio and Mississippi Rivers (allotment May 8, 1912)----------------------------------$1, 000 Cairo drainage district (allotment May 21, 1912) 45, 000 Upper St. Francis levee district (allotments May 21, 1912, $65,000, and June 18, 1912, $15,000) ------------------------------------ 80, 000 Reelfoot levee district (allotment May 21, 1912)__ 60, 000 Lower St. Franc:s levee district (allotments May 21, 1912, $200,000, June 18, 1912, $60,000)------ 260, 000 White River levee district (allotment May 21, 1912)---------------------------------------- 175, 000 Lower Yazoo levee district (allotment May 21, 1912) ------------ ---------------------- 173, 000 Upper Tensas levee district (allotment May 21, 1912) - ------------ ------- 269, 000 Red River levees (allotment May 21, 1912) Atchafalaya levee district (allotment May 21, ------- 10, 000 1912) --------------------------------------- 150, 000 Lafourche levee district (allotment May 21, 1912) 100, 000 Lake Borgne levee district (allotment May 21, 1912) ------------------------------------- 10, 000 East Bank Mississippi River from Vicksburg to Bayou Sara, previously reported as allotments to Gum Ridge drainage district, Mississippi, Fort Adams to Tunica, La., and Bayou Sara, La. (approved May 21, 1912) ----------------------- 50, 000 Lower Tensas levee district, Palmyra (allotment June 18, 1912)_--- 11, 000 Lower Tensas levee district, Bougere (allotment June 18, 1912)- _-_- - -9, 000 Bayou des Glaises, Atchafalaya, Red River, etc. (allotment June 18, 1912) __- -_________ - 30, 000 Lower Yazoo levee district (allotment July 22, 1912) ---------------------------------------- 37,000 Upper Tensas levee district (allotment July 22, 1912) ---------------------------------------- 30, 000 Total specific appropriation_ ........ __--__- 1, 500, 000 Miscellaneous receipts, previously reported --------------------- 1, 169. 66 Total----------------------------------------- 1, 501, 169.66 EXPENDED (REBUILDING LEVEES) To June 30, 1914 Expenditures...--- ------------------------------------------------------------ - $1, 448,102. 52 Unexpended balance, carried to surplus fund June 30, 1914 ...................----------------------------- 53, 067. 14 Total appropriated, etc....................------------------------------------------------ 1, 501, 169. 66 APPROPRIATION, DEFICIENCY ACT OF'MARCH 1, 1921 Allotment for expenditure in Lower St. Francis levee district (first and second districts) : Claim of Roach, Stansell, Lowrance Bros. & Co.------------$184, 428.27 Claim of H. B. Blanks-------------------------------_ 123, 569. 03 Total 307, 997. 30 Allotment for readjustment of contracts in Lower Yazoo levee dis- trict (third district)---- --------------- 35, 440. 94 Total----- ---- ___ - - - - -_ 343, 438. 24 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 1939 EXPENDED (DEFICIENCY ACT OF MARCH , 1921) To June 30, 1922 Expenditures...........................................------------------------------------------------------------ $343, 438. 24 Total allotted and expended____..........._______.......................................... 343,438.24 APPROPRIATION FOR MODIFICATIONS AND READJUSTMENTS OF CONTRACTS, RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS Act of July 18, 1918 (allotment in fiscal year 1919) ---------------- $35, 725. 00 Readjustment of original allotments in fiscal year 1919, in office, Chief of Engineers, in accordance with completed expenditure of funds, December, 1919, by increasing allotment for "Upper St. Francis levee district," $66.36, and decreasing allotment for "Lower St. Francis levee district," $80.45, both in first and second districts, making a net decrease of allotment in fiscal year of 1919_ 14. 09 35, 710. 91 Act of July 18, 1918 (allotment in fiscal year 1920)... $20, 700. 00 Act of July 18, 1918 (allo ment in fiscal year 1921) 16, 934. 76 37, 634. 76 Total --------------------------------------------------- 73, 345. 67 EXPENDED (MODIFICATIONS AND READJUSTMENTS OF CONTRACTS) Location and object To June 30, 1921 -------------------------------------------------------- ............... Expenditures (levees)............................ $73, 135. 35 Reverted to Treasury in March, 1921.... ____ ___...... ....... ______.. ......... _ . 210. 32 Total appropriated, etc... .........--------------------------------------------------- 73, 345. 67 ADDITIONAL PAYMENT TO WALTER H. DENISON, CONTRACT FOR MISSISSIPPI RIVER IMPROVEMENT Act of Mar. 2, 1919 (sec. 5, river and harbor) -------------------- $18, 000. 00 EXPENDED (ADDITIONAL PAYMENT TO WALTER H. DENISON) Location and object To June 30, 1920 Expenditures (levees) --......... ______________ ______ _ .............. .... . ........ $18,000. 00 Total appropriated and expended ----------------------------------------------- 18, 000.00 3 APPROPRIATIONS FOR IMPROVING YAZOO RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES, MISS.2 Act of July 13, 1892 ----------------------------------------- $75, 000. 00 Act of Aug. 18, 1894_.______________-__________________ 225, 000. 00 Act of Aug. 18, 1894----- 40, 000.00 Act of June 4, 1897------------------------------------------ 350, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 3, 1901-------------------------------------------510, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 3, 1909 (allotment Mar. 29, 1909) ------------------- 44, 000. 00 Act of June 25, 1910 ____ __________________-------4, 000. 00 Act of July 25, 1912______________----------------- 5, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 4, 1913----- --------------- 10, 000. 00 1, 263, 000. 00 Miscellaneous receipts, previously reported---------------------- .30 Total------------------------------------------- 1, 263, 000. 30 Funds - under this appropriation were transferred to the control of the district engi. neer officer, Vicksburg (Miss.) tlistrict, Oct. 9, 1916, under provision of river and harbor act, July 27, 1916. (ED-7716-38.) ' 1940 REPORT OF OCHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMYI 1928 EXPENDED (IMPROVING YAZOO RIVER) To June 30, 1917 Expenditures -------- -------------------------------------------------------------- $1, 248, 277.78 Unexpended balance----------------------------------------------------------------- 23 14, 722.52 Total appropriated, etc............................---------------------------------------------------------. 1, 263, 000.30 APPROPRIATIONS FOR EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES OF RIVERS AND HARBORS Allotments from appropriation by.river and harbor act of Mar. 3, 1905, for Ashport, Tenn. (allotments Mar. 29, 1905, $25 and May 8, 1905, $460) -------------------- $485. 00 Allotment from appropriation by river and harbor act of Mar, 4, 1913, for canal leading from Centennial Lake at Vicksburg, Miss., to the Mississippi River------------2, 000. 00 Allotments during the fiscal year 1921- For terminal sites, vicinity of Memphis, Tenn. (first and second districts) 00. 00 6----------------------------- For Vicksburg Harbor and Yazoo Canal (harbor di- vision), third district--------------------------- 1,000. 00 $4, 085. 00 Expended during fiscal year 1906---------------------- 485. 00 Expended during fiscal year 1914---------------------2, 000. 00 Expended during fiscal year 1921---------------------1, 600. 00 4, 085. 00 APPROPRIATIONS FOR MAINTAINING AND PROTECTING LEVEES OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES AGAINST FLOODS Act of Apr. 3, 1912 -------------------------------------- $350, 000. 00 Act of Apr. 16, 1912----- -------------------------------- 300, 000. 00 Total specific appropriations -------------------------- 650, 000. 00 Miscellaneous receipts, previously reported---------------------- 490. 80 Total------------------------------------------ 650, 490. 80 Expended to June 30, 1914---------------------$454, 124. 11 Amount carried to surplus fund June 30, 1913-------- 195, 850. 59 Unexpended balance carried to surplus fund June 30, 1914------------------ ------------------------ 516.10 650, 490. 80 APPROPRIATIONS FOR REMOVING SUNKEN VESSELS OR CRAFT OBSTRUCTING OR ENDANGERING NAVIGATION-INDEFINITE Allotment for removing wreck of barkentine Rachel Emery------- $1, 500.00 Expended in fiscal year 1913 ------------------------------- 1, 500. 00 Allotment for removing wreck of bark Santos Amarol------------ 8, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1916 ------------------------- $6.11 Expended in fiscal year 1917------------------------ 7,993. 89 8, 000. 00 APPROPRIATION FOR REPAIRING GOVERNMENT LEVEE AT WALNUT BEND, ARK. (Prior to June 80, 1906, was reported under appropriation for Mississippi River) Act of June 13, 1902 (river and harbor) ------------------------ $90,000. 00 Expended to June 30, 1906---------- -------------------- 90, 000.00 MlISS1PPI1 aRCOMO MISSION 1941 APPROPRIATION FOR WATERWAY FROM LOCKPORT, ILL., TO ST. LOUIS, MO. Act of June 13, 1902 (river and harbor) --------------------- $25, 000.00" Expended to June 30, 1906 ------------------------ $22, 291.23 Amount transferred from allotment for "Survey of Illinois and Des Plaines Rivers, Ill.," as reimburse- ment ---------------------------------------- 1, 093.40 Net expenditures_-- -------------------- 21, 197.83 Unexpended balance carried to surplus fund on June 30, 1909, under the provisions of section 10 of sundry civil act of Mar. 4, 1909 _--------------------- 3, 802. 17 25, 000. 004 APPROPRIATIONS FOR EMERGENCIES IN RIVER AND HARBOR WORKS Allotments from appropriation by act of Apr. 28, 1904- For Wolf -River ,(allotment July_ 6, 1904) ----------------- $8, 000. 00- For Giles Biend, -Miss. -(allotment July 6, 1904) ---------- 40, 000. 00 48, 000. 004 Expended in fiscal year 1905_--- ---------- -- -------- 48, 000. 00 Allotments from appropriation by act of Mar. 3, 1905, for Old River (allotments Oct. 5, 1908, $6,000, and Nov. 12, 1908, $4,000)------ 10, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1909 _.---------------------- _ 10, 000. 00 APPROPRIATIONS FOR CLAIMS FOR DAMAGES BY COLLISION, RIVER AND HARBOR WORKS Act of Apr. 6, 1914 (urgent deficiency) ----- __-_-- ----- $85. 74 Expended in fiscal year 1914------------------ ---- ------- 85. 74 Act of Sept. 8, 1916 (general deficiency) ------------- ------ 475. 2& Expended in fiscal year 1917 ---------- .. -____-_----- 475. 28. APPROPRIATIONS FOR INCREASE OF COMPENSATION, RIVERS AND HARBORS (1918-1922) 1918 funds received-------- ------------------------------ $33, 272. 79 1919 funds received--- _----------- 21, 961.45 1920 funds received_-----_ --------------------- __ 65, 174. 96 1921 funds received------ -------------------------------- 118, 098. 69 1922 funds received in fiscal year 1922 ------------------------ 219, 357. 88 1922 funds received in fiscal year 1923 --____________- - _____ - 3, 154.79 Total received ------------------------------------- 24461, 020. 56 Total expended- -- __ ________ - _ 461, 020. 56 APPROPRIATIONS FOR INCREASE OF COMPENSATION, WAR DEPARTMENT (1923) 1923 funds received in fiscal year 1923----------------------- $186, 791. 52. 1923 funds received in fiscal year 1924_.......----------------__ 731. 53 Total received ------------------------------------- 24187,523.05. Total expended ----------------------------------- 187, 523.05 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS (IMPROVEMENT, MISSISSIPPI RIVER) For improvement of Mississippi River at Trotters Point, Miss ... $100, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1914 (revetment) ___-_____- -- _ 100, 000. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River near Memphis, Tenn -___- - 1, 800. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1914 (revetment) ----------- $1, 066. 61 Unexpended balance refunded to contributor---- __-_ 733.39 1, 800. 00 MDoes not inclide amounts received , which were returned by deposits , to credit of Treasurer, United States, nor reimbursements or refundments of overpayments which were deposited to credit of Treasurer, United States, all of which reverted to Treasury. 1942 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. AIRMY, 1928 For improvement of Mississippi River at Star Landing Bend, Miss- $210, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1914 (revetment) ---------- $35,009. 30 Expended in fiscal year 1915 (revetment)_---------- 174,990. 70 210, 000.00 For improvement of Mississippi River near Laconia Circle, Ark. (White River levee district)--------------------------------- 8, 000.00 Expended in fiscal year 1915 (levees) _-_______-______-______ 8, 000. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River at Delta, Miss------------ 160, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1915 (revetment) --------- -- $24, 871.79 Expended in fiscal year (1916 (revetment) ....... 135, 128. 21 160, 000. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River in Upper St. Francis levee district _----------- ---------------------- ----- 234, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1917 (.levees) -------------- $26, 734. 69 Expended in fiscal year 1918 (levees) -------- 78, 919.31 Expended in fiscal year 1919 (levees) --------------- 128, 346.00 234, 000. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River at Gayoso Bend, Mo__- . 150, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1917 (revetment) --------------------- 150, 000. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River in the Reelfoot levee dis- trict (Kentucky) -------------------------------------- 25, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1917 (levees)------------------------- 25, 000. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River at Norfolk, Miss---------- 100, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1918 (revetment) ----------$50,000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1919 (revetment) 0, 000. 00 5----------- 100, 000. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River at Norfolk, Sunflower, and Trotters Point, Miss---- _ 100, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1919 (revetment) ----------- $71, 841.91 Expended in fiscal year 1920 (revetment)----------- 28,158. 09 100, 000. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River at Avondale, La ---------- 45, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1914 (revetment) ---------- $32,467.28 Unexpended balance refunded to contributor-------_ 12, 532. 72 45, 000. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River at Torras, La____----_ 3, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1914 (revetment) ----------- $2, 453. 74 Unexpended balance refunded to contributor-------- 546.26 3, 000. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River at Greenville, Miss- -- - 35, 500. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1918 (revetment) --------------------- 35, 500. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River in the Yazoo-Mississippi Delta levee district: Contributed in fiscal year 1920--- . ----- -_ $50, 000. 00 Contributed in fiscal year 1921 ._____- ___.__. 200, 000.00 Contributed in fiscal year 1922_______----__ 100, 000. 00 Contributed in fiscal year 1923 --------------- 375, 000. 00 Contributed in fiscal year 1924----------------410, 000. 00 Contributed in fiscal year 1925----______ 165, 000. 00 Contributed in fiscal year 1926__ _______------250, 000. 00 Contributed in fiscal year 1927.--------------150, 000.00 Contributed in fiscal year 1928-,.=---- 330, 000. 00 Total contributed- -_------------------2, 030, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1920 (revetment)----- 50, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1921 (revetment)---- 199, 782. 28 Expended in fiscal year 1922 (revetment) ------ 44, 031. 60 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 1943 For improvement, etc.--Continued. Expended in fiscal year 1923 (revetment) $377, 978. 30 Expended in fiscal year 1924 (revetment)-- 442, 615. 17 Expended in fiscal year 1925 (revetment) .... 185, 592. 65 Expended in fiscal year 1926 (revetment)_____ 25 249, 939. 29 Expended in fiscal year 1927 (revetment)-- 102, 160. 17 Expended in fiscal year 1928 (revetment) -. 313, 132. 88 Total expended_---- ____--__------------- 1, 965, 232. 34 Balance unexpended July 1, 1928------------ 64, 767.66 Total contributed ___ ________---_--_--- $2,030,000.00 For improvement of Mississippi River at Wyanoke, Ark: Contributed during fiscal year 1920__------------- 60, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1920 -(revetment) ------ $41, 140. 36 Expended in fiscal year 1921 (revetment)------- 18, 859. 64 60, 000. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River (contributed by Mississippi levee commissioners) for- Riverton, Valewood, and Cottonwood, Miss., in fiscal year 1922 --------------------------------------------- 100,000.00 Greenville, Valewood, and Cottonwood, Miss., in fiscal year 1924____-- -------------------------------------------- 25,000.00 Total contributed_________________________--------------- 125,000.00 Expended in fiscal year 1922 (revetment)-..... $100, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1924 (revetment)-.---- -17, 923. 56 Expended in fiscal year 1925 (revetment) ------- 7, 076. 44 Total expended -- ___________---------------- 125, 000. 00 For improvement of river, revetment on Ohio below Cache River: Contributed during fiscal year 1923------------------------20, 000. 00 Expended during fiscal year 1923 (revetment) ._. $19, 991.18 Expended during fiscal year 1924 (revetment)__ 8. 82 20. 0 0 2v, vvv. vv For improvement of Mississippi River at Hickman, Ky.: Contributed during fiscal year 1923__________________ 20, 500. 00 Expended during fiscal year 1923 (revetment) ... $15, 404.11 Expended during fiscal year 1924 (revetment) 5, 095. 89 20, 500. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River at Goodrich, La. (revet- ment) : Contributed during fiscal year 1926--- __ -_____-____ - 55, 000.00 Expended in fiscal year 1926_ .. _______________________ 55, 000. 00 FUNDS CONTRIBUTED 'FOR REPAIRING AND RESTORING LEVEES ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER ABOVE CAIRO, ILL. Contributed by local levee districts during fiscal year 1922-------- $15, 000. 00 Contributed by local levee districts during fiscal year 1923______ 27, 225. 00 42, 225. 00 EXPENDED (CONTRIBUTED FUNDS, REPAIRING AND RESTORING LEVEES) Location and object To June 30, 1923 Levees, Mississippi River above Cairo, Ill-----.......................---------------------..... $36, 250.46 Returned to contributors during fiscal year 1923.....-..........._ ,.... ....- - __ ,_....... 5, 974. 54 Total contributed...--..... ........ ... ..----------------------------------------------- 42, 225. 00 25Amount, $250,000, reported in Annual Report for 1926, has been decreased $60 71 in December, 1926, by the first and second districts on account of refundment of overpayments made on vouchers in fiscal year 1926. 1944 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 FUNDS CONTRIBUTED BY LOCAL LEVEE DISTRICTS FOR FLOOD CONTROL, ,MISSISSIPPI RIVER Contributed for flood control, Mississippi River: Fiscal year 1918_________ - --------------------- $1, 337, 701. 67 Fiscal year 1919_____----------------------------- -1, 478, 500. 00 Fiscal year 1920--------------------- ------------------ , 531, 760. 44 - Fiscal year 1921_______-_- ----------------------- 2, 443, 853. 34 Fiscal year 1922--------------------- ---- 423, 500. 00 Fiscal year 1923---------------------------------------- 2, 280, 615. 10 Fiscal year 1924__------------------- ------------- 510, 462. 34 Fiscal year 1925--------------------------------------- 3, 747, 331. 38 Fiscal year 1926_______---------------------- 1, 316, 668. 59 Fiscal year 1927__--__ --------------------------- 1--467, 827. 45 1, Fiscal year 1928--------------------------- 953, 402. 79 Total contributed ------------------------------------ 17, 491, 623. 10 Total miscellaneous receipts (previously reported)--------- 1, 065. 61 Total------------- --------------------------------- 17, 492, 688. 71 EXPENDED (CONTRIBUTED FUNDS, FLOOD CONTROL) During year Location and object June 30, 1927To endig Total June SO30, 1928 Levees, Head of the Passes to Rock Island, Ill- ...--..... $15, 398, 179. 65 $1, 748, 337. 72 $17, 146, 517. 37 Balance unexpended July 1, 1928__ ..-- ____-----------------------------............................ 210, 978. 62 Returned to contributors by northern district: Fiscal year 1921---- .................-----------------------............ ---------------- ---------------- 2, 500. 00 Fiscal year 1922--------------...................--------------------------------------------- 6, 241.25 Fiscal year 1923-----......--...................------------------------------.......------.........................---------------- 18, 458. 71 Fiscal year 1924 ...---------------------------------------------------------- 8, 323. 98 Fiscal year 1925 ..-- -------------- ----------------------------------------- 13, 738. 75 Fiscal year 1926.........------..--------------------------------------- ------------. 32, 697.26 .........--------------------------------------------- Fiscal year 1928----- --------...... 32,000.00 Returned to contributors by first and second districts, fiscal year 1924----....-----.------------------------------------------------. 7, 757. 29 Returned to contributors by third district, fiscal year 1928------------- ------- ------------ --------------- ------------------ 13, 475.48 Total contributed, etc ... ................... .-........-......... 17, 492, 688. 71 Statement of appropriationsand expenditures to June 30, 1928, on works under the supervision of the Mississippi River Commission, distributed under new work and maintenance UNITED STATES FUNDS Expenditures (exclusive of re- ceipts from sales, etc.) Class of work Appropriations New work Maintenance RIVER AND HARBOR FUNDS Levees.............................. ... $40, 442, 386. 20 $38, 076, 187. 18 $2, 366, 199. 02 Revetments.....- 40, 246, 315. 94 22, 648, 035. 09 17, 598, 280. 85 Dredging and miscellaneous_._____________........ 12, 254, 217. 41 9, 203, 330. 07 3, 050, 887. 34 Gaging waters of the Mississippi River and its tribu- taries ...... . .... ... .... .... ... .... ... 233, 514. 11 233, 514. 11 -- ---- FLOOD CONTROL FUNDS Levees ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... 48, 586, 805. 62 33, 501, 217. 54 6,132, 452. 90 Revetments.....- 52, 466, 393. 58 22, 595, 175. 99 17, 224, 348. 25 Dredging and miscellaneous .... 13, 993, 674.83 8, 331, 631. 69 1, 585, 718.03 Unallotted............................. 1 2, 250, 000.00------------- ------------ Total............................... ... 210,473,307.69 134,589,091.67 8 47, 957, 886.39 1 Includes $680,000, unallotted balance of funds appropriated for flood control, Mississippi River, and' $1,570,000, unallotted balance of funds appropriated for flood control, Mississippi River and tributares. Does not include $1,500,000 appropriated by act of Mar. 23, 1928, for reimbursement of contributed funds expended on account of the flood of 1927. 2 Includes permanent appropriations and specific appropriations except examinations, surveys, and con- tingencies of rivers and harbors. Does not include amounts carried to surplus fund nor balances received from former appropriations. a Does not include balances received from former appropriations, $295,028.09 ($295,151.51 less $123.42 reverted td Peaasu ),drzi ,rrereiptstefromsales;, :et, 0 1 12N((0,175 58 I s60 $ 4 carried to surplus fund). MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSIONI 1945 Statement of appropr iations and ea penditures to June 30, 1928, etc.---Continued CONTRIBUTED FUNDS Expenditures (exclusive of receipts from sales, Amount Class of etc.) Contributed by- work New work Mainte- nance NORTHERN DISTRICT Rock Island to New Boston, Ill.: Drury drainage district, Illinois .......... $47, 500.00 Levees-...... $47, 500.00 ..... - -...- Subdistrict No. 1 of drainage union district 16, 254.99- .... do___- 16, 254.99 ...- -- No. 1, Illinois. Bay Island drainage and levee district No. 1, 82, 261.25- .... do .... 82, 261. 25- ......... Illinois. Muscatine to mouth of Iowa River, Iowa: Muscatine-Louisa Island levee district, Iowa._ 44, 500.00- . -..do .-. 44, 500.00 ...- - Louisa County levee district No. 15, Iowa__ _ 60, 000. 00 ..... do_ _. 60, 000.00 .......... Mouth of Iowa River to Burlington, Iowa: Iowa 187, 500. 46- .... do .. 172, 103. 331- ........ River-Flint Creek levee district No. 16, Iowa. Oquawka to Dallas, Ill.: Henderson County drainage district No. 1, 53, 000.00 ....--- do .--. Illinois. Henderson County drainage district]No. 3, 20,000.00-.....do_ .. 20, 000.0............ Illinois. Warsaw to Quincy, Ill.: ,: Hunt drainage district, Illinois_-_ do .... 60, 150.00 ....---- 60, 150.00 ......-- Lima Lake drainage district, Illinois._- _... 28, 550.00 .... do ...... 28, 550.00--------- Mouth of Des Moines River to La Grange, Mo.: Gregory drainage district, Missouri_ _...... 8, 700.00 ... do= .... 8, 700.00. . Des Moines-Mississippi levee district No. 1, do ... 20, 000.00 .....---- 20, 000.00---------... Missouri. La Grange to mouth of Missouri River, Mo.: Riverland levee district, Missouri _..._ Kings Lake drainage district, Missouri_ _- -----32, -_ 758. 75 __.. 50, 921.03 ..... do _ .... do ... 32, 758. 75 ........... 50, 921.03......... Quincy to Hamburg Bay, Ill.: Sny Island levee 302, 302. 74 ..... do_ .. 302, 302. 74......... drainage district, Illinois. St. Louis to Cape Girardeau, Mo.: Ste. Genevieve levee district No. 1, Missouri__ 6, 500. 00 ... ---do ... 6,116.02 Levee district No. 1, Perry County, Mo --____ 49, 700.00 ..--- do .. 45, 299.18 Levee district No. 2, Perry County, Mo___ . 63, 800.00 ..--..-- -- do 48, 467. 72 Levee district No. 3, Perry County, Mo -.-... 11, 125. 00 .... do .... 10,112.09 Prairie du Pont to Grand Tower, Ill.: Degognia 9,050.00 .....do ._ 9, 050.00 and Fountain Bluff levee and drainage district, Illinois. Grand Tower to Gale, Ill.: Preston levee drainage district, Illinois-_---- 58, 800.00 ..... do .... 25, 058. 62 ............ Clear Creek drainage and levee district, Illi- 23, 216.29 ..... do ..... 23, 216. 29 ............ nois. East Cape Girardeau and Clear Creek drain- 51,400.00 ..... do .... 51, 400. 00 ............ age district, Illinois. ------------------------------- Total..... 1, 287, 990. 51 .. -------------- 1,164, 722. 01 FIRST AND SECOND DISTRICTS Reelfoot levee district..________ _______________.. 197, 849. 29 --....do....... 171, 082. 36 $25, 963. 15 Upper St. Francis levee district..__.......... 1, 348, 758. 90 .....do_.. 1, 241, 548.00 95, 872. 69 Lower St. Francis levee district-................. 2, 289, 953. 45 -...do...... 2, 133, 142. 13 149, 017. 70 'W hite River levee district -....................... 1, 000, 000. 50 .....do....... 940, 812. 51 46, 833. 12 Levees, tributary streams ___________________ . 79, 491. 50 -----.----- 78, 965. 41 Yazoo-Mississippi Delta levee district__ 2, 700, 000. 00 Revetments 2, 188,172. 38 447, 059. 96 St. Francis levee district of Missouri . . . 150, 000. 00 ....do .... 150, 000. 00 St. Francis levee district of Arkansas .......... 60, 000. 00 59, 300. 26 699.74 Cairo drainage district__ ________________ 20, 000. 00 .....do .. -- do --..... .... 20, 000. 00 Hickman (Ky.) Board of Trade __________________ 20, 500. 00 20, 500. 00 1..., .61 1, 066. 61 .....do .......-..--.......- River and Rail-Storage Co., Memphis, Tenn ____ 1, 066. 61 Total---....--- ....-------------------- 7, 867, 620. 25 ------------ 6, 924, 557. 64 845, 478. 38 THIRD DISTRICT Fifth Louisiana levee district____________ 1, 427, 918. 01 Levees.... 1, 347, 540. 51 69, 995. 79 :Southeast Arkansas levee district ................ 983, 624. 83 ...--- do.._ 918, 287. 12 54, 552. 50 Tensas Basin levee district .. _____ 901, 958.17 ....do .. . 836, 619. 47 54, 553. 50 French Town levee district_.....___________ 2, 500. 00 .--- do-.. . 2, 500. 00 Linwood-Auburn levee district- _.. 834. 00 .... do- .... -------------------- 834. 00 Mississippi Levee Commissioners__ 3, 317, 792. 67 do----- ---- 150, 454. 01 -.- -....do 144, . 3, 188, do_...... 396. 23 Yazoo-Mississippi Delta levee district ... . __ 195, 399. 52 634. 78 6, 764. 74 General repairs and restoration (levees): Rocky Bayou levee and drainage district 5, 000. 001- .. do ...................---- - 5, 000. 00- (Yazoo River). Atchafalaya drainage and levee district (Yazoo 3, 500. 00 do .............. .....---- 3, 500. 00 River). Eden drainage district (Yazoo River)-........ 3, 500. 00 .... do_ ....... _......... 3, 500. 00 Brunswick Protection Levee Association 5, 000. 00 ...._do_,.................. do 5, 000.00, (Mississippi River).- -- ---- 1946 REPORT OF OHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 2 8 Statement of appropriationsand expenditures to June 30, 1928, etc.--Continued CONTRIBUTED FUNDS-Continued Expenditures (exclusive of receipts from sales, Class of etc.) Contributed by- Amount work New work Mainte- nance THIRD DISTRICT-continued Mississippi Levee Commissioners ...--------------- $147, 500. 00 Revetments. $137, 500. 00 $10, 000. 00 Goodrich, La...........-------------------------------- 55, 000. 00 .-... do- -- 55, 000.00 .. City of Greenville, Miss ...------------------------ 13, 000. 00 . .. do ... . 13, 000. 00 _.......... Total ------------------------------- 7, 062, 527. 20 . . . . . . --- . 6, 640, 979. 11 366, 654. 54 FOURTH DISTRICT Lower Tensas levee district... _-------------------1, 821, 289. 82 Levees ------ 1, 772, 197. 38 49, 092. 44 Red River, Atchafalaya, and Bayou Boeuf levee 62, 500. 00 ... do- -.- 59, 530. 19 2, 969. 81 district. Atchafalaya levee district.._--------------------- 1, 048, 176.46 .. do ... __ 1, 020, 920. 05 27, 256. 41 Lafourche levee district------------------------ 379, 697. 62 ...._do____ 375, 257. 79 4, 439. 83 Barataria levee district_------------------------265, 265. 68 .. ... do _.... 253, 061.38 12, 204. 30 Pontchartrain levee district--------------....----- 767, 200. 00 -_,__do...... 741,077. 47 26, 122. 53 Lake Borgne levee district._ 248, 479. 91 __. do-..... 239, 884. 92 8, 594. 99 Saline levee and drainage district ---------------- -- 16, 000. 00 S.__. do.... 16, 000.00 ... Torras, La--..-......--------------------------- 2, 453. 74 Revetments_ 2, 453. 74--------- Avondale, La_, ............ . ...... 32, 467. 28 ..... do__-.. _ 32, 467. 28- _ Total......... ------------------------------- ..... .. . ___ 4, 643, 530. 51 ............ 4,512,850. 20 130,680.31 Grand total, all districts................---------------- 120, 861, 668. 47 243, 108. 96 1, 342, 813. 23 -19, 1Does not include $154,979.63, returned to contributors. Expenditures by State and local organizations to December 31, 1927 Name of State or local organizations Location of work Class of Amount work expended REPORTED BY NORTHERN DISTRICT East Cape Girardeau and Clear Creek drainage Illinois----- ....... . .. _ Levees_ $144, 778. 30 district. North Alexander County drainage district------...... do....._______ do ... 78, 564. 25 Clear Creek drainage and levee district ........ ... do. --------------------- do .. 164, 069. 87 Preston levee and drainage district ..........--------------- do...-------------------------- do . 131, 385. 63 Grand Tower drainage and levee district..--------.....--..do- ......- do .. 2, 860. 00 Degognia and Fountain Bluff levee and drainage .. do----.....-----. .... do 203, 778. 63 district. Levee district No. 3, Perry County, Mo_....... Missouri___________________ do 75, 900.00 Levee district No. 2, Perry County, Mo_ ___....... .do .__ __..___ __ _ ___do 89, 173. 46 Levee district No. 1, Perry County, Mo_-___. ______do __________ __ ___do 91, 468. 44 Kaskaskia Island drainage and levee district do do..... 234, 669. 58 Ste. Genevieve levee district ._____________________ do.___ ___do _ 27, 840. 00 Fort Chartres and Ivy Landing levee and drain- Illinois________ . __ ___do.... 99. 60 age district No. 5. Moredock and Ivy Landing drainage district ... do--------........---.... do.... 3, 428. 13 No. 1. Harrisonville and Ivy Landing levee and drain- .... do---.....--...-... - do--..... 445, 748. 57 age district No. 2. Columbia drainage and levee district No. 3.__ __ __ do___ ... ________do..... 364, 415. 59 Wilson and Wenkel drainage and levee district .- do ..... . .---.. .. do 300. 35 No. 6. Prairie du Pont drainage and levee district -__ __ do_____..... _ ____.. _--do 93, 179. 60 East Side levee and sanitary district --.... ..- . do _- ____ __-_____ __-do .. 3, 348, 887. 97 Chouteau, Nameoki, and Venice levee and drain- ... .do..........______________ ___do .-. 218, 500.00 age district. Chouteau Island drainage and levee district _----------.do---....... __ -- do 82, 757. 35 West Alton drainage district_______ ...... _____ Missouri . ... do .. 2, 500.00 Winfield levee and drainage district___ _____-----.do.....---------------------do.___ 94, 730. 00 Cap Au Gris drainage and levee district__...........-----do .. ... do .. 57, 268. 16 Foley levee and drainage district- . --- do ........... --.............. _do..... 17, 289. 23 Elsberry drainage district .. _ ____________ ___ ------ do... do..... ...--------- 267, 441. 65 Riverland levee district__- Sny Island drainage district - ... - ..----------------- ---- -________ __do- -- --- Illinois_ _ __ - do. . _-do-.... 56, 186. 34 829, 413. 77 South River drainage district............_....._. Missouri --.. I _do___ , 50. 00 South Quincy drainage and levee district---___ ----- do....--------------------- do... 116,158.98 Marion County drainage district_ - ._-----do .. do... 132, 700. 00 Fabius River drainage district..-----do.....-------------------------do... 135, 786. 90 Indian Grave drainage district..____ ________ Illinois -----. do___ 488, 174. 78 Lima Lake drainage district...--------------------...do.. ------ do.... 214, 880. 26 Hunt drainage district_ _ do____ _------- __------------------------ do- 272, 800. 00 Gregory drainage district ._.-------------------Missouri-.... - ---do....- 127, 817. 55 Green Bay levee and drainage district---------......... Iowa__________ ___________ do..... 511,152.99 yMISSISSIPPI IRIVE COMMISSION 1947 Empenditures by State and local organizations to December 31, 1927--Continued Class of Amount Name of State or local organizations Location of work work expended REPORTED BY NORTHERN DISTRICT-continued Henderson County drainage district No. 2....... Illinois__........ .. . ._____ Levees-. $68, 500. 00 Henderson County drainage district No. 1.... _-_ ---..... - do....-------------- .--do..... 92, 500. 00 Henderson County drainage district No. 3-...... -.... - do ---..........- ___do..... 25, 798. 43 Iowa River-Flint Creek levee district No. 16_..... Iowa--_ - - - - - - - - .. _- do-... 33, 062. 30 Keithsburg drainage district No. 1 ------------Illinois ....... _. .. ......... __.do--.....25, 992. 27 Louisa County levee district No. 15 ............. Iowa _ - .-- do ...-- 100, 415. 69 Bay Island drainage and levee district No. 1..... Illinois. _._ _--do --..-- 147, 505. 01 Muscatine-Louisa Island levee district__........ Iowa........... -- do... 65, 323. 62 Subdistrict No. 1 of drainage union district No. 1.. Illinois ............. .__..__ -- .do ... 177, 400. 00 Drury drainage district....- -------------- - ....--- do-......... . . ..... ___do.... 174, 113. 77 Total- ..... .........................---- 10, 036, 767. 02 REPORTED BY FIRST AND SECOND DISTRICTS Upper St. Francis levee district: Levee district No. 2, Scott County-......... Missouri----------------. Levees_. 304,705.55 Levee districts Nos. 1 and 3, Mississippi County_ ........ ..--. ___._.....-------_ . ..... do..................------------------ --- do--...--- 1, 229, 378. 14 St. John levee and drainage district.......... ..... do---............-----------... --... --...do 1, 296, 210. 89 Little River drainage district ___......_...... _.do ; .- .------------------ do .... 2, 067, 610. 98 Reelfoot levee district: Fulton County Levee Board commissioners_ Kentucky..........------------------do----- 211, 259. 89 Reelfoot Levee district of Lake and Obion Counties_ ............................---- Tennessee.......------------------.................do..... 283, 539. 32 Lower St. Francis Levee district: St. Francis Levee district ................ .. Missouri..................... ..__ do..... 2, 396, 653. 97 Do....--..................---------------------------------- Arkansas .... _ _-_-..... ... do..... 12, 508, 667. 84 Upper Yazoo levee district: Yazoo-Mississippi Mississippi___... _________. .. __do..... 20, 976, 008. 06 Delta levee district. White River levee district: Helena Improvement levee district No. 1-.... Arkansas ................... __.do...-- 852, 802. 52 Cotton Belt levee district No. 1___.....___. do ....------------------ -.... -- do---... 1, 199, 567. 18 Laconia drainage and levee district__ __ do ...-------------............ ...... 406, 196. 54 . ----- -.-do .. Laconia levee district No. 1___________ do _.-----------.. .. . ------ 533, 381. 08 White River drainage district of Phillips and ---- do--------------------do-- do .... 9, 266. 16 Desha Counties. Levees, tributary streams: New Madrid-Sikeston Ridge levee district... Missouri ........------------------ do .... (2) White River levee district of Woodruff, Arkansas..----... ---------.. -do ... 1, 885, 328. 84 Prairie, and Monroe Counties. Clarendon levee district .................... ....do........-----------......--------.. do... --... 87, 449. 01 Phillips County' drainage district No. 1 of ._.do ...................--- ----------- _...do ... 389, 623. 18 Phillips and Monroe Counties. ..... do......---------------------...do Laconia Circle special drainage district of 5, 962. 66 Desha County. T o tal ... . ___ ............ _............ 46, 643, 611. 85 REPORTED BY THIRD DISTRICT Upper Tensas levee district: Southeast Arkansas levee district and prede- Arkansas_.--._----------_ Levees. 4,082, 427.90 cessor. Tensas Basin levee district and State of .... do .................- ....... do.-. 3, 416, 692. 76 Louisiana. Fifth Louisiana levee district and State of Louisiana...--------------- do .... 6, 367, 271. 62 Louisiana. Lower Yazoo levee district: Mississippi Levee Commissioners-........... Mississippi---- -------.. ... .do ..- 22, 321, 046. 60 Mississippi Delta levee district_------ . ..... do.----- -------- ------...... do- .. 6, 647. 60 ................------------------- Total--------- 36, 194, 086. 48 REPORTED BY FOURTH DISTRICT Fifth Louisiana levee district__.. __...._._ Lower Tensas levee district.. Levees. 4, 656, 237. 85 Tensas Basin levee district.........--.......----- do----------------------- ..... -..do.- - 25, 000. 00 ..... Atchafalaya levee district-- 8, 813, 682. 90 Atchafalaya Basin levee district... ..........-- Atchafalaya River, east side_-_ do.... 8, 894, 604. 51 Lafourche Basin levee district_ -_-.....-.--- SLafourche levee district ...... 6, 328, 766. 34 Barataria levee district .- _-_ _do- -- 2, 661, 882.91 Buras levee district_______________.__._.._. __ _ do--------------------- ---. 1, 057, 873. 29 Pontchartrain levee district_ . . ... __ .____ ._-_ Pontchartrain levee district-.. _..do.. -- 7, 380, 329.41 Lake Borgne levee district_....___.______ ____ Lake Borgne levee -- district ...- -. _do.. - 1, 943, 016.97 Grand Prairie levee district.............---------------- ...do .. ......... . .......-_do_,- 982, 081. 83 Lower Tensas levee district. - -. do ..- 25, 000. 00 Red River, Atchafalaya and Bayou Boeuf levee Red River and west side of _.do-... - 3, 340, 656. 14 district. Atchafalaya River. .. _do___ Orleans Levee Board (including locks) _ ___ _ __ Louisiana__.________ ..... _ .._ 25, 696, 801.36 Total.-----...............--------................................--------------------------------.................. 71, 805, 933. 51 1 Includes expenditures of New Madrid-Sikeston Ridge Levee. 2Expenditures included with St. John Levee and drainage district of Missouri. Recapitulation of appropriations,expenditures, etc., under direction of the Mississippi River Commission to June 30,1928 SPECIFIC APPROPRIATIONS 00 Expended Total to be ac- Transferred Appropriation for- duringfiscal Deductions ed counted for, in- from other from sales Total specific year ending Deductions epend luding receipts appropria- t. appropriations June 30,1928 from sales, etc. tions O June 30,1928 June 30,1928 Mississippi River--...----------------------------------- . $83,558, 520. 05 1 $7, 598. 06 -------------- $83, 566,118. 11 2$295,151. 51 $305, 355.92 $82, 965, 610. 68 O Maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works .....------ $1,491, 095. 06 ...... ....-----------------------...... 3 9, 252, 600. 79 ------------- $131, 124. 43 9,383, 725. 22 41,472, 219. 49 11,505. 73 7,900. 000. 00 Flood control, Mississippi River and Sacramento . . River, Calif------------------------------------ 4, 057. 01 32, 508, 032. 92 .....---------..... 32, 508,032.92 ____--------- 168,032.92 32, 340, 000. 00 Flood control, Mississippi River__-__.. - -___ - 5 11, 598, 242. 15 54, 072, 449. 42 13, 469, 251.99 67, 541, 701.41 45,266, 425. 00 414, 624. 63 61, 860, 651.8 Flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries ..... - 36, 878. 53 36, 878. 53 ........ 13, 963, 121.47 14, 000, 000. 00 ........ 14, 000,000. 00 Emergency flood control, Mississippi River, act of Apr. 21, 1922 --------------------------------- ------------------ 752,187.77-------------------752,187.77 ....------------- 719.55 751,468.22 Emergency flood control, Mississippi River, act of Dec. 22,1927 --------------------------- --------------------------- 66,738, 644. 49 261, 355. 51 7, 000, 000. 00--- --------------------- 7, 000, 000. 00 Emergency fund for flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River__ .. _-_____---------------------- 273. 64 273. 64 ---------- 94, 726. 36 95, 000. 00 1-------------- 95,000. 00 Flood protection on White River, Woodruff and Mon- roe Counties, Ark------------- - -------- 18, 250. 13 18, 250. 13 .----------- 6, 749. 87 25, 000. 00 --- .---- __------ - .... - 25, 000. 00 Preserving and protecting levees not under Govern- ment control on Mississippi River, its tributaries and outlets, during flood emergency....__________--__- 69, 776. 37 -------- --------------- 69, 776.37 . 1, 276. 37 68, 500.00 Repairing and restoring levees on the Mississippi River above Cairo, Ill ------------------------------ ---------------- 71,992.57 728, 007. 43 .....--------------- 100, 000.00 -- R--.----.--.-..-.--. -10, 000. ?00 Rebuilding levees of the Mississippi River and its trib- utaries damaged by floods ________-------------------- 1,448, 102. 52 8 53, 067.14 --------------- , 501,169. 1 . 6---- 1,169.66 1 500, 000.00 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors.........-------- --------------......-- -------- ------------ 4,085.00 --------------------- 4,085.00 ------------ ----------- 4, 085.00 Maintaining and protecting levees of Mississippi River and tributaries against floods 366 69 __--------------- 196,3454,124.11 4__1______---__---------, 650,490.80 --------- 490.80 650,000.00 Repairing Government levee at Walnut Bend, Ark-.... 90, 000.000._00 ..--- . . . -- 90,------- - 90,000. 00 Waterway from Lockport, Ill., to St. Louis, Mo....... 21, 197. 83 73, 802.17 ---.------- 25, 000.00 ------- 25,000.00 Emergencies in river and harbor works __________----------------- 58,000. 00 -------------------- - ---- 58, 000.00 ---------- 58, 00. 00 Total............----------------------.... Toa_,,,,_--- --- -- ___ 13,148, 796.52 182, 416, 471.65 7,027,485. 98 27,926,329. 63 10217,370, 287.26 7,033,796.00 903,175.58 11209,433, 315. 68 ' I' CONTRIBUTED FUNDS Expended Total to be Transferred Expended during fiscal ending June Total expended to June 30, Deductions Balance ex- pended June accounted for, including from from oer other Receipts from sales, Total tributd con- 30, 1928 1928 1928 230, 30, 1928 receipts from sales, etc. tions tions etc. Contributed funds, improvement Mississippi River.... $313, 132. 88 $3, 404, 219. 97 12$13, 812.37 $64, 767. 66 $3,482,800.00 -$3, 482,800. 00 Contributed funds, flood control act...----------------- 1, 748, 337. 72 17, 146, 517. 37 12 135, 192. 72 210, 978. 62 17, 492, 688. 71 -- __ $1, 065. 61 17, 491, 623. 10 Contributed funds, repairing and restoring levees above Cairo, Ill_------------------------------------------- ------ 36, 250. 46 125, 974. 54- _-___.- --- 42, 225. 00 ----------------- __-_ 42, 225.00 Total _ ------------------------------------ 2, 061, 470. 60 20, 586, 987. 80 154, 979. 63 275, 746. 28 1321, 017, 713. 71 -- ________ 1, 065. 61 21,016,648.10 - Consolidated specific appropriations and contributed funds...................-------------------------------------- 15, 210, 267. 12 203, 003, 459. 45 7, 182, 465. 61 28,202,075. 91 14238,388,000.97 $7, 033,796. 00 904, 241.19 1230,449,963. 78 0 1 Includes $123.42, balance received from former appropriations. Total amount, $7,598.06, carried to surplus fund. 00 2 Unexpended balances received from former appropriations. 3 Includes $1,491,095.06 expended for emergency flood control on account of the flood of 1927 (of this amount $1,472,219.49 was reimbursed during the fiscal year 1928 from appro- 0t priation for emergency flood control, Mississippi River, act of Dec. 22, 1927). w 4 Transferred from appropriationfor emergency flood control, Mississippi River, act of Dec. 22, 1927, as reimbursement of expenditures incurred on account of the flood of 1927. 00 5 Includes $5,266,425 expended for emergency flood control on account of the flood of 1927, all of which was reimbursed from appropriation for emergency flood control, Mississippi 00l River, act of Dec. 22, 1927, during the fiscal year 1928. 6 Of this amount, $5,266,425 was transferred to appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River, and $1,472,219.49 to appropriation for maintenance and improvement of exist- ing river and harbor works, as reimbursement of expenditures incurred on account of the flood of 1927. 7 Carried to-surplus fund. S Includes $1,169.66, receipts from sales, etc. Total amount, $53,067.14, carried to surplus fund. 9 Includes $490.80, receipts from sales, etc. Total amount, $196,366.69, carried to surplus fund. 0O 10oTo reduce to net appropriations as shown on line 11 of the cost and financial summary, deduct $8,224,029.19 as follows: Balances received from former appropriations $295,028.09 0 ($295,151.51 less $123.42 reverted to Treasury); transferred from other appropriations, $6,738,644.49; received from sales, etc., $901,515.12 ($903,175.58 less $1,660.46 carried to surplus fund); and total amount carried to surplus fund, $288,841.49. 11Does not include $1,500,000 appropriated by act of Mar. 23, 1928, for reimbursement of contributed funds expended on account of the flood of 1927. 12Returned to contributors. 13To reduce to net contributed funds as shown on line 11 of the cost and financial summary, deduct $154,979.63 retui ned to contributors and $1,065.61 receipts from sales. 14See notes 10oand 13above. Recapitulation of appropriations,ewpenditures, etc., under direction of the Mississippi River Commission to June 30, 1928-Continued PERMANENT APPROPRIATIONS, ETC. Expended Total to be during fiscal Total expended Balance unex- accounted for, ending June to June 30, Deductions pended to including 30, 1928 1928 30, 1928 receipts from sales, etc. Gauging waters of the Mississippi River and its tributaries__________________________________ $9, 100. 00 15$233, 514. 11 16 $12, 018. 93 _ 15$245, 533. 04 Improving Yazoo River and tributaries, Mississippi ..... ................. 174, 442. 29 s18 14, 772. 52 - 1719, 214. 81 Removing sunken vessels or craft obstructing or endangering navigation, indefinite__ _______ 9, 500. 00 9, 500. 00 Claims for damages by collision, river and harbor works __________________________ .. _-_____ -- __-------- .... 561.02 ______________ 561.02 Modifications and readjustments of contracts, river and harbor improvements .. ______ 73, 135. 35 16 210.32 73, 345. 67 Additional payment to Walter H. Denison, contract for improvement, Mississippi River -...- ....... 18, 000. 00 ..... 18, 000. 00 Deficiency act, Mar. 1, 1921-................ ..........................--- --------------------------- 343, 438. 24---- -....... 343, 438. 24 Increase of compensation, rivers and harbors and War Department............---......__--... .... 648, 543.61 _............... 19648, 543. 61 Total-.....1....---........... ......- --------------------.---..-.... 9, 100. 00 1, 331, 134. 62 1__1_____________ 27, 001. 77 1, 358, 136.39 Grand total of appropriations and contributed funds-....................... -...-... 15, 219,367.12 204, 334, 594. 07 7,209, 467. 38 $28, 202, 075. 91 239, 746, 137.36 15Since Feb. 11, 1901. Does not include previous expenditures, $139,807.77, not under direction of the Mississippi River Commission, which are included elsewhere in the annual report and on the financial statement of the secretary, Mississippi River Commission. 16Unexpended balance reverted to Treasury. 17Since Mar. 4, 1913. Does not include previous expenditures, $1,243,835.49, not under direction of the Mississippi River Commission, which are included elsewhere in the annual report but are not shown in the financial statement of any district. 18 Transferred to control of district engineer office, Vicksburg, Miss., Oct. 9, 1916, under provision of river and harbor act of July 27, 1916. (ED-7716-38.) 1'Does not include amounts reverted to the Treasury. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 1951 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriationsand allotments under Mis- aissippi River Commission June 30, 1928 SECRETARY AND NORTHERN DISTRICT, MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION [Appropriations: Mississippi River; flood control, Mississippi River, and Sacramento River, Calif.; flood control, Mississippi River; flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries; funds contributed for flood control, Mississippi River; maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works; emergency flood control, Mississippi River; repairing and restoring levees on the Mississippi River above Cairo, Ill., con- tributed for repairing and restoring levees on the Mississippi River above Cairo, Ill.; gauging waters of the Mississippi River and its tributaries; increase of compen- sation, rivers and harbors, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, and 1922; increase of compensation, War Department, 1923; waterway from Lockport, Ill., to St. Louis, Mo.; for claims for damages by collision, river and harbor works] Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River Dredging and miscel- Levees laneous Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year.................................. $546, 873. 36 $504, 831. 31 _ _ ................. $3, 168. 30 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year.... 176, 991. 68 1200, 817. 55----------- -------- ... 36, 831. 70 Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year_ 2238, 929.28 3450, 654. 33 $106, 000. 00 $38, 000. 00 ....... Receipts from sales, etc., this fiscal year........------- 5, 001. 00 .50 -----------.---------------- Amount available-..--.............---- ...- 420, 921. 96 651,472. 38 106, 000. 00 38,000.00 36,831. 70 Amount expended from beginning of present 173, 519. 00 248, 907. 50- -----. .. - 36,831.70 fiscal year to end of previous month-......... Amount expended during the month -.......... 48, 340. 58 14, 333. 58 - ------ , . I- "'-'--I'-''----------"" Total ..... ........... . ... . -.. ... 181,859. 58 263, 241.08_--------__________ 36, 831. 70 Balance unexpended at end of month -___..... 239, 062. 38 388, 231. 30 106,000. 00 38,000.00. - In Treasury United States_..- - - -- 240,072.47 386, 529. 51 101, 000. 00 38, 000.00 In hand ..... . . . . . . . . . .............. -1,010. 09 1, 701.79 5, 000. 00' .. Total.------------------------------------ 239,062.38 388, 231.30 106,000. 00 38, 000.00 Outstanding liabilities at end of month------.... 5, 320.94 8, 165. 27 26.43 __ _ Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month__-- --------------- ... ... 117.90-------------------------- Total ------------------ .---------------- 5, 320. 94 8, 283. 171 26. 43 ___________ Balance available at end of month (this balance is unexpended at end of month and not cov- ered by contracts but is not available, as the amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equip- ment) ...----------------------------..------- 233, 741.441 379, 948.13 105, 973.57 38,000.00 1Amount previously reported, $241,963.47, decreased $41,145.92 to correct error made on financial state- ment for May, 1928, by showing increase in balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year instead of increase in amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year (this $41,145.92 was previously transferred from appro- priation for emergency flood control, Mississippi River, to appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River, before transfer to this office from the Mississippi River Commission dredging district, and was origi- nally a part of the $7,000,000 appropriated for emergency flood control, act of Dec. 22, 1927). 2Amount previously reported, $38,929.28, increased $200,000 allotted during the month, act of Mar. 23, 1928 (advice of allotment Serial No. C-4376, dated June 2, 1928, ED-7402 (Miss. R.) 1234 and sec. MP<" 2662-242). 14710--ENG 1928--123 1952 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Consolidate statement of condition of appropriationsand allotments under Mis- sissippi River Com/mission June 30, 1928-Continued SECRETARY AND NORTHERN DISTRICT, MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION-Contd. Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River-Levees St. Louis to Cape Girardeau. Mo. Grand Tower Ste. to Gale, Gene- (Levee (Levee (Levee Ill. vieve district district district (Preston levee No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, levee district Perry Perry Perry drainage No. 1, County, County, County, district, Mis- Mo.) Mo.) Mo.) Illinois) souri) Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year.....-- . ---------------- --------- $85,731.85 $35, 537. 41 ..__ $9, 176. 63 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year- ......... --------- ---------- 78, 462. 59-- ---.. 40, 823. 37 Amounts appropriated or allotted this fiscal year -.. $5, 232. 04 1, 466. 48 1, 168. 71 $7, 974. 16 78, 000.00 Amount available........ .... .._ _.... ._ 5,232. 04 1, 466. 48 79, 631. 30 7, 974,16 118, 823. 37 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month..................... 5, 232. 04 1, 466.48 45, 338. 00 7,974.16 30, 859. 34 Amount expended during the month-.----.---.-.---. ................. 4, 460.03 --------- .. 2,481.22 Total.---.............-..........-...... .... 5, 232. 04 1, 466. 48 49, 798. 03 7, 974. 16 33, 340. 56 Balance unexpended at end of month............... ----- -- -- 29, 833. 27 ..-....... 85,482. 81 In Treasury United States............................ ------------------- 18, 000.00 -.... 73, 000.00 In hand-................................... -------------------11, 833. 27-.... 12, 482. 81 Total........................................... ------------------- 29, 833. 27-_____- 482. 81 85, Outstanding liabilities at end of month ............... 6, 804. 48 6, 459. 36 Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month- 4, 278. 77 49, 441.55 Total....................................... 11, 083. 26 55, 900. 91 I - Balance available at end of month (this balance is un- expended at end of month and not covered by con- tracts but is not available, as the amounts are re- quired to continue operations now under way by use of United States equipment) .----.........--........ ...........---------. . 18, 750. 01 29, 581. 90 a Amount previously reported, $108,997.87, increased $41,145.92 to correct error made on financial state- ment for May, 1928, by showing increase in balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year instead of increase in amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year; $300,000 by allotment during the month, act of Mar. 23, 1928 (advice of allotment Serial No. C-4376, dated June 2, 1928, ED-7402 (Miss. R.) 1234 and sec. MRC- 2662-242; and $510.54 transferred from appropriation for emergency flood control, Mississippi River, as re- imbursement of expenditures made on account of the flood of 1927. 4 Includes Treasury settlements amounting to $139.09, covering passenger transportation as follows: T-57921, $121.63 (WE's 15023, 15332, 15333, 15366, and 15367), ED-3195 (B. & O. R. R.) 525, and sec. MRC-3042-23.4; and T-57960, $17.46 (WE-9460), ED-3195 (Louisville & Nashville R. R.) 428, and sec. MRC-3053-14.1. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 1953 Consolidated statement of condition of approipriationsand allotments under Mis- sissippi River Commission June 30, 1928-Continued SECRETARY AND NORTHERN DISTRICT, MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION-Contd. Appropriation for flood Appropria- Appropria- control, Mississippi tion for tion for River-Levees flood con- emergency trol, Mis- flood con- sissippi trol, Mis- River and sissippi tributaries: River: Dredging Dredging and miscel- and miscel- Expallotmened Total laneous laneous (surveys, (surveys, gauges, and gauges,and observa- observa- tions) tions) Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year-----...... --------------------------- 5$777, 274. 25 $1, 962, 593. 11 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year........... Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year-....... - 533, 926. 89 --- -- ---. _- -- - 927, 425. 00 6$600, 000. 007$13, 575. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., this fiscal year... - 5, 001.50 . .. Amount available . _............................ .- 1, 466, 353. 39 600, 000. 00 13, 575. 00 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month_....__..............__ --... ------........----... 550,128.22 ....... Amount expended during the month.---.---------- ....----------- 29,615.41 ........... Total. ----- ---------------------------------- ........... 579, 743. 63 .. Balance unexpended at end of month------------------ ....---------- 886, 609.76 600, 000.00 13, 575.00 In Treasury United States_ - - - ... . 856, 601.98 600,000. 00_ In hand ..... ..---..-- ..------ ..------------ 830, 007. 78 ........------------ 13, 575. 00 Total ...--------------------------- -..------- ---------- 886,609.76 600, 000.00 13, 575. 00 Outstanding liabilities at end of month---- --------- 26,776.49------------------- Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month. ----------- 53, 838. 22 . Total-------------- ---------------- -------- 80,614.71.------------ --------- Balance available at end of month (this balance is un- expended at end of month and not covered by con- tracts but is not available, as the amounts are re- quired to continue operations now under way by use of United States equipment)----__- - -__- __ ------ ..... 805, 995.05 600, 000. 00 13, 575.00 5 Expended allotments (flood control, Mississippi River)--Allotments for levees: Rock Island to New Boston, Ill.- Subdistrict No. 1 of drainage union district No. 1, Illinois---...-----. $32, 499. 20 Bay Island drainage and levee district No. 1, Illinois...--------------- 94, 218. 17 $126, 717. 37 La Grange to mouth of Missouri River, Mo. (Kings Lake drainage district, Missouri)_ 61,746. 25 Muscatine to mouth of Iowa River, Iowa (Louisa County levee district No. 15, Iowa)__ 80, 000. 00 Mouth of Iowa River to Burlington, Iowa (Iowa River-Flint Creek levee district No. 16,Iowa)-_.___-_ __...................... 264, 205. 74 Oquawka to Dallas, Ill. (Henderson County drainage district No. 3, Illinois).....--------- 40, 000.00 Quincy to Hamburg Bay, Ill. (Sny Island levee drainage district, Illinois).....---------- 204, 604. 89 Total expended allotments for levees ------- ------------------------- ---- 777, 274. 25 6 Of this amount, $500,000 was allotted during the month,-act of May 29, 1928 (advice of allotment Serial No. C-4376, dated June 2, 1928, ED-7402 (Miss. R.) 1234 and sec. MRC-2662-242), and $100,000 was re- allotted, having been transferred from the third Mississippi River Commission district, act of May 29, 1928 (advice of allotment Serial No. C-4431, dated June 13, 1928, ED-7402 (Miss. R.) 1247 and sec. MRC- 2662-245.1). 7 Amount previously reported, $14,085.54, decreased $510.54 by transfer to appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River, as per footnote 3 above. 1954 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERSy U. S. ARMY, 1928 Consolidated statement of condition of ap-ropr tina andatottiments'sunder Mis- sissippi River Commnission une 30, 1928---Continued SECRETARY AND NORTHERN DISTRICT, MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION-Contd. Funds contributed for flood control, Mississippi River (special fund) Des St. Louis to Cape Mouth of Moines Girardeau, Mo. Iowa Oquawk River to to iver 1to River Oquawka Dallas, Rose Burling- Ill. Gtange, ton, Iowa (Hender- (Iowa Ig (De (Ste. River- son Moines- ene- (Levee Flint County, Missis- vieve district Creek drainage si i levee No. 1, district No. 1, 9 district No.1, County, No. 16, Illinois) N. 1 Mis- Mo.) 12 Iowa) Mis- souri) 11 souri) 10to Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year ------------------------------------- ...... 167,102. 87- 1, 584. _$...... 40.-..- $42, 865. 93 __ Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year---------.......... 15, 397. 13 18, 415.60 ------- 5, 134. 07 Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year-......----- $53, 000.00 ......-------.. $3,000.00... Amount available..... ...... ... .... ......... S15,397. 13 53, 000. 00 18, 415.60 3,000.00 5, 134.07 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month-----_ __.. . .. ------------ ----.18,415.60 2,616.02 733.25 Total--- ---.......... - - - .--. . . ....... -_ -- - -_ _ _------18, 415. 60 2, 616.02 733.25 Balance unexpended at end of month..-------------............. 15,397.13 53, 000.00--------- 383.98 4,400.82 In Treasury United States...------------------ 5, 397. 13 5, 000.00 ........ 383. 98 1,400.82 In other depositories....------------------------ 13 10, 000. 01448,000. 00 ..... - ..15 3,000. 00 Total ....---------------------------------- 15, 397. 13 53,000.00 .... --------- 383.98 4,400.82 Outstanding liabilities at end of month-------.......-- ----------- 13.22 Balance available at end of month (this balance is un- expended at end of month and not covered by con- tracts but is not available, as the amounts are re- quired to continue operations now under way by use of United States equipment).. ...----------------- 15, 397. 13 52, 986. 78_.....-- 383. 98 4, 400. 82 8 Contributed by Iowa River-Flint Creek levee district No. 16, Iowa, $37,500 (act Mar. 4, 1921) on Apr. 19, 1921 (sec. MRC-2805-78 and 87); $2,500 (act July 19, 1919) on May 13, 1922 (sec. MRC-2461-156); $65,000 (act Mar. 2, 1923) on Apr. 5, 1923 (sec. MRC-2805-219); $33,000 (act June 7, 1924) on July 14, 1924 (sec. MRC- 2805-382); $22,500 (act Feb. 12, 1925) on Mar. 18, 1925 (sec. MRC-2805-487); and $22,000 (act Apr. 15, 1926) on Mar. 18, 1926 (sec. MRC-2805-613.1 and 613.2). 9 Contributed by Henderson County drainage district No. 1, Illinois, $53,000 (act of Feb. 23, 1927) on May 18, 1928 (sec. MRC-2609-203.2). 10Contributed by Des Moines-Mississippi levee district No. 1, Missouri, $20,000 (act Apr. 15, 1926) on Aug. 7, 1926 (sec. MRC-3071-36). 11Contributed by Ste. Genevieve levee district No. 1, Missouri, $3,000 (act Feb. 23, 1927) on Sept. 29, 1927 (sec. MR C-2461-341). 12 Contributed by levee district No. 1, Perry County, Mo., $60,000 (act June 7, 1924) on Oct. 11, 1924 (sec. MRC-2906-78). $12,000 withdrawn from funds in other depositories returned to contributor Sept. 8, 1927 (sec. MRC-2906-265). $1,000 utilized to'meet allotment of $2,000 (United States funds), act Feb. 23, 1927, transferred from levee district No. 2 to levee district No. 1, Perry County, Mo., Dec. 14, 1927 (sec. M RC-2662-201). 18 On deposit to credit of president Mississippi River Commission with Merchants National Bank, Burlington, Iowa. (Act Apr. 15, 1926.) 14 On deposit to credit of president Mississippi River Commission, with First Iowa State Trust & Sav- ings Bank, Burlington, Iowa. (Act Feb. 23, 1927.) 1s On deposit to credit of president Mississippi River Commission with The National Bank of Commerce, St. Louis, Mo. (Act June 7, 1924.) MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 1955 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriationsand allotments under Mis- sissippi River Comm ssion June 30, 1928-Continued SECRETARY AND NORTHERN DISTRICI, MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION-Contd. Funds contributed for flood control, Mississippi River (special fund) St. Louis to Cape Grand Girardeau, Mo. Tower to Gale, Ill. (Levee (Levee Preston Expended Total district district levee allotments No. 2, No. 3, drainage Perry Perry district County, County, Illi- Mo.) 18 Mo.) 17 nois) 1i i I i - -- Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year................................ $17, 768. 63 ..- 14, 588. 3111$827, 240.05 $1, 061,150. 19 $... Balance unexpended at end of last Uscal year--.... 40, 231. 37 120, 411. 69 1------ -99, 589. 86 Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year, . - $5,000.0030,000.00 ------------ 91,000.00 1 Amount available_.. ..........---........ 40, 231.37 5,000. 00 50, 411. 691---- - -... 190, 589. 86 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month-------... 22 669 091 3,987.09 15,429. 72..-.- ---- 63, 850. 77 Amount expended during the month..---------- 2,230.00 ......... , 240. 59_-- ---- 3,470. 59 Total.------------------------------------ 24,899. 09 3,987. 09116,670.31--..-.------ 67, 321.36 Balance unexpended at end of month-- -------.. 15,332. 28 1, 012. 91 33, 741.38-- _-.-------- 123, 268. 50 In Treasury United States--------------- ----- - 1, 000.00 1,012. 91 2, 500. 00.-- -- 16, 694. 84 In other depositaries ........................... 209, 000. 00- ...... _2125,000.00 .95, 000. 00 In hand.------ ---- ------------ ,-- 5, 332. 281......._ 6, 241. 38 11, 573. 66 Total-............-------------------- ... 15, 332. 28 1, 012. 9133, 741.38 ------------ 123, 268. 50 Outstanding liabilities at end of month.----... 3, 402. 24 ........- 3, 229. 68-----------.... 6, 645.14 Amounts covered by existing contracts at end of month------------------------------------- - 2,139.39 ....... 24, 720. 77.. ......---- 26, 860. 16 Total.------------------- ----------------- 5,_541.63 - ... 27, 950. 45 __________ 33,505.30 Balance available at end of month (this balance is unexpended at end of month and not cov- ered by contracts but is not available, as the amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equip- ment)-...----------- - ------------ 9, 790. 65 1,012. 91 5, 790. 96---------........... 89, 763. 20 16 Contributed by levee district No. 2, Perry County, Mo., $28,000 (act Apr. 15, 1926) on July 19, 1926 (sec. MRC-2906-208); and $30,000 (act Feb. 23, 1927) on Mar. 30, 1927 (sec. MRC-2906-232.2). 17 Contributed by levee district No. 3, Perry County, Mo., $5,000 (act Feb. 23, 1927) on Sept. 28, 1927 (sec. MRC-2906-272). 18Contributed by Preston levee drainage district, Illinois, $25,000 (act Apr. 15, 1926) on July 10, 1926 (sec. MRC-2892-59); and $50,000 (act Feb. 23, 1927) on Mar. 7, 1928 (sec. MRC-2892-91). $20,000withdrawn from funds in other depositories and returned to contributor by check of president Mississippi River Com- mission, dated May 19, 1928 (sec. MRC-2662-236.1). 19Expended allotments (contributed for flood control, Mississippi River.)-Contributed for levees: Rock Island to New Boston, Ill.- Subdistrict No. 1 of drainage union district No. 1, Illinois----------............ $16, 254.99 Drury drainage district, Illinois------------......... 47, 500. 00 Bay Island drainage and levee district No. 1, Illinois.--------------82, 261. 25 $146, 016. 24 Muscatine to mouth of Iowa River, Iowa- Muscatine- Louisa Island levee district, Iowa..........-------------------- 44, 500. 00 Louisa County levee district No. 15, Iowa_-..........-............. 60. 000.00 104, 500. 00 Warsaw to Quincy, Ill.- Hunt drainage district, Illinois -- . . ...-------------------------------60, 150. 00 Lima lake drainage district, Illinois------.... --.................... 28, 550. 00 88, 700. 00 Mouth of Des Moines River to LaGrange, Mo. (Gregory drainage district, Missouri) ----- ------------------------------------------------------ 7, 200. 00 LaGrange to mouth of Missouri River, Mo.- Riverland levee district, Missouri_ .. ........................ $32, 758. 75 Kings lake drainage district, Missori-............................ _ 50, 921. 03 83, 679. 78 1956 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 2 8 Consol'dated statement of condition of appropriation and allotments under Mis- sissippi River Commission June 30, 1928-Continued SECRETARY AND NORTHERN DISTRICT, MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION-Contd. Appropri- tion for gauging waters of Expended Expended Grand the Mis- contrib- appropri- total sissippi uted funds ations River and its tribu- taries Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year.................................. . $364, 221. 88 22$36, 250. 46 23$7, 910, 253. 74 $11, 334, 469. 38 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year...... _-- ------- -633, 516.75 Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year-.... 9,100. 00 ..--------.. ..--------------- 1,641,100. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., this fiscal year-............ -- -- . --. -.. ---- -- .- 5,001. 50 Amount available-......................... . _ 9,100.00 ........--------.... --------------- 2,279,618.25 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month--- ---------------- 8, 026. 49 ......---------.....---------------..... 622, 005. 48 Amount expended during the month.............. 1,073.51------------------------- 34,159.51 Total. - - -. .....------- - -- ------.. 9, 100. 00------------ ------------ 656, 164. 99 Balance unexpended at end of month .... __... .... - - - - - -- - - . 1, 623,453. 26 In Treasury United States __............... ....... 1,473, 296. 82 In other depositories_ ...... ....... ....... ..... 95,000.00 In hand..-------....-- ..-- ----------------- ---- ----- ----- - ___ - 55,156.44 Total............................... ... _.-- ------ --- _-_ --- _ 1,623, 453. 26 Outstanding liabilities at end of month............ --------------------------- 33, 421.63 Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month............... .......-----------.... -------- _-_ --- . _--- - - .----.-- 80, 698. 38 Total-..........._ ................. -__--,-----__ , _,_ , ._-.......- .... 114,120.01 Balance available at end of month (this balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts but is not available, as the amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equipment) ............ 1, 509, 333. 25 Prairie du Pont to Grand Tower, Ill. (Degognia and Fountain Bluff Levee and drainage district, Illinois)_---.............. __...-... __.... . ... .......... $5, 650 00 Grand Tower to Gale, Ill.- Clear Creek drainage and levee district, Illinois................-----------------.. $22. 191.29 East Cape Girardeau and Clear Creek drainage district, Illinois-...... 47, 000. 00 69, 191. 29 Oquawka to Dallas, Ill. (Henderson County drainage district No. 3, Illinois) . 20, 000. 00 Quincy to Hamburg Bay, Ill. (Sny Island Levee drainage district, Illinois) ........... 302, 302. 74 Total contributed for levees-....- .......-.....-............................ 827, 240. 05 20 On deposit to credit of president Mississippi River Commission with Federal Commerce Trust Co., St. Louis, Mo. (Act Feb. 23, 1927.) 21 On deposit to credit of president Mississippi River Commission with First National Bank of Jones- boro, 111. (Act Feb. 23, 1927.) 22Expended contributed funds-Contributed for repairing and restoring levees on the Mississippi River above Cairo, Ill. (act June 10, 1922): Mouth of Iowa River to Burlington, Iowa. (Iowa River-Flint Creek Levee district No. 16, Iowa)....--------------------------------- $5,000. 46 Mouth of Des Moines River to LaGrange, Mo. (Gregory drainage district, Missouri) .....................................------------------------------------------ 1, 500. 00 St. Louis to Cape Girardeau, Mo.- Ste. Genevieve Levee district No. 1, Mo-................ $3, 500. 00 Levee district No. 1, Perry County, Mo.........-------------- 1, 700. 00 Levee district No. 2, Perry County, Mo--------------.. 5, 800. 00 Levee district No. 3, Perry County, Mo_----------.----_ 6, 125. 00 - 17, 125. 00 Prairie du Pont to Grand Tower, Ill. (Degognia and Fountain Bluff levee and drainage district, Illinois)--__________........ __.............. 3, 400.00 Grand Tower to Gale, Ill.- Preston levee and drainage district, Illinois . $3, 800. 00 ..----------- Clear Creek drainage and levee district, Illinois---------......... 1,025. 00 East Cape Girardeau and Clear Creek drainage district, Illinois.........................-------------------------------------- 4, 400. 00 9, 225. 00 Total contributed for levees___----------................................ 36, 250. 46 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 1957 23Expended appropriations: Appropriation for improving Mississippi River-- Allotments for levees- Examination from Cape Girardeau, Mo., to Rock Island, Ill ...............................-----------------------------------......... $10,000.00 Rock Island to New Boston, Ill. (Druary drain- age district, Illinois)-..-------------------------- 17, 146. 28 Muscatine to Port Louisa, Iowa..............--------------------. 99. 91 Oquawka to Dallas, Ill. (Henderson County drainage district No. 1, Illinois) .-.-. _ ----.- . 1,100.00 Head of Chouteau Island to Prairie du Pont, Ill. (East Side levee and sanitary district, Illinois)... 73, 900. 00 Grand Tower to Gale near Thebes, Ill. (East Cape Girardeau and Clear Creek drainage district, Illinois) ___.------------... . . _... --------------- 30, 000. 00 Muscatine to mouth of Iowa River, Iowa. (Mus- catine-Louisa Island levee district, Iowa)------- ........ 35, 500. 00 LaGrange to mouth of Missouri River, Mo.- Riverland levee district, Missouri_.. $20, 500. 00 Elsberry drainage district, Missouri. 37, 753. 81 58, 253. 81 Quincy to Hamburg Bay, Ill _______ . __............ 130, 000. 00 Warsaw to Quincy, Ill. (Hunt drainage district, ------------------------------------ Illinois................. 55, 600.00 Total expended allotments for levees-..........--------...-------....--....... $411, 600.00 Other expended allotments- Mississippi River Commission------- 1, 098, 471.91 .---------- Surveys, gauges, and observations...........-------...... 2, 635, 359.99 Spillway surveys......................------------------------------ 15,000.00 Experimental dikes____ . ... -__.................- 45, 075. 58 Patrol of the Mississippi River--------------.................... 1,055. 56 Works above Cairo- Protection near Cairo (includes only work under act of July 5, 1884) - -.... $50,000, 00 Des Moines Rapids to Ohio River_- 687, 632. 53 737, 632. 53 Total other expended allotments ------------....................---------....... 4, 532, 595. 57 Total expended, appropriation for improving Mississippi River........$4, 944, 195. 57 Appropriation for waterway from Lockport, Ill., to St.: Louis, Mo. (actual ex- penditure $22,291.23 less $1 093.40, reimbursement from allotment for "Survey of Illinois and Des Plaines Rtiver, Ill."; unexpended balance of $3,802.18 of this appropriation carried to surplus fund June 30, 1909, under provisions of sec. 10, sundry civil act of Mar. 4, 1909-ED-46863-142, sec. MRC-1125-9).....------------- 21,197.83 Appropriation for claims for damages by collision, river and harbor works...... 486.14 Appropriation for maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works, act of Oct. 2, 1914- ----------------------------- 29, 991. 18 Mississippi River Commission..................... Surveys, gauges, and observations ..........................-------------------------- 59.,936. 16 Dredges and dredging..-.__ .... .............-.............. 298, 435. 38 388, 362. 72 Appropriation for maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works, act of Mar. 4, 1915: ----------------------------- Mississippi River Commission............ 39, 760. 11 Surveys, gauges, and observations .............................. 43,161. 53 Dredges and dredging...__ ......... -307, ........................... 226. 68 390,148. 32 Appropriation for emergency flood control, Mississippi River, act of Apr. 21, 1922- Allotments for levees-Rock Island to New Boston, Ill. (Bay Island drainage and levee district No. 1, Illinois) ....--------------- 1,957.10 Other expended allotments-Mississippi River Commission.-_. 6, 042. 90 Total appropriation for emergency flood control, Mississippi River...... 8, 000. 00 Appropriation for increase of compensation, rivers and harbors- Fiscal year 1918_.. . ____ .. .......... ............ . $5, 815. 83 Fiscal year 1919 .................................. 2, 620. 02 Fiscal year 1920. ................................... 6, 609. 67 Fiscal year 1921 ........... __ __ __......._ .......... 6, 523. 35 Fiscal year 1922_ _ -.. __......-_______............. 10, 751. 69 32, 320. 56 Appropriation for increase of compensation, War De- partment, fiscal year 1923- .......__........ ...................... 8, 400. 03 Total--------------------------------------------...........................................................---------........ 47, 720. 59 1958 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 (Footnote 23-Continued) Appropriation for repairing and restoring levees on the Mississippi River above Cairo, Ill.- Mouth of Iowa River to Burlington, Iowa (Iowa River-Flint Creek levee district No. 16, Iowa) ............................-- $9, 930. 06 Mouth of Des Mdines River to La Grange, Mo. (Gregory drain- age district Mo.) ........................................ 3, 000. 00 St. Louis to Cape Girardeau, Mo.- Ste. Genevieve Levee district No. 1, Missouri... $6, 860. 28 Levee district No. 1, Perry County, Mo..--------...... 3, 400. 00 Levee district No. 2, Perry County, Mo--------........ 11, 557. 51 Levee district No. 3, Perry County, Mo--------- 12, 187. 44 34, 005.23 Prairie du Pont to Grand Tower, Ill. (Degognia and Fountain Bluff levee and drainage district, Illinois ............._........ 6, 726. 41 Grand Tower to Gale, Ill.- Preston levee and drainage district, Illinois..... $7, 524. 02 Clear Creek drainage and levee district, Illinois_ 2, 023. 04 East Cape Girardeau and Clear Creek Drainage district, Illinois-- ------------------------- 8, 783. 81 18, 330. 87 Total appropriation for repairing and restoring levees on the Mississippi River above Cairo, Ill-..----........................_................. $71, 992. 57 Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River, and Sacramento River, Calif.-Allotments for levees- Rock Island to Ne Boston, Ill-- Drury draina,' district, Illinois-.-----• .. $83, 859. 98 Bay Island drainage and levee district No. 1, Illinois------ ...................-----..........---------------------.... 70, 000. 00 River, Iowa- $153, 859.98 Muscatine to mouth of Iowa Muscatine-Louisa Island levee district, Iowa- Louisa County levee district No. 15, Iowa-....... - 89, 000. 00 40, 000. 00 129, 000. 00 Mouth of Iowa River to Burlington, Iowa (Iowa River-Flint Creek levee district No. 16, Iowa) ------------------------------ 70, 000. 00 Mouth of Des Moines River to La Grange, Mo. (Gregory drain- age district, Missouri)....-----------.....................----..............14, 400. 00 Warsaw to Quincy, Ill.- Hunt drainage district, Illinois---.....--.. .-- $120, 259. 52 Lima Lake drainage district, Illinois------------............ 57, 000. 00 177, 259. 52 La Grange to mouth of Missouri River, Mo.- Riverland levee district, Missouri....--------------65, 455. 64 Kings Lake drainage district, Missouri........---------- 40, 000.00 105, 455. 64 Quincy to Hamburg Bay, Ill. (Sny Island levee district, Illinois).. 400,000. 00 Prairie Du Pont to Grand Tower, Ill. (Degognia and Fountain Bluff levee and drainage district, Illinois). ------------------- 11, 300.00 Grand Tower to Gale, Ill,- Clear Creek drainage and levee district, Illinois-. $44, 382. 59 East Cape Girardeau and Clear Creek drainage district, Illinois--... - .--.----.-----------93, 968. 52 138 3_51 11 Total expended allotments for levees.---------................----------------------- 1, 199, 626. 25 Other expended allotments- Mississippi River Commission....-------- --------------------. 316, 251. 00 Surveys, gauges, and observations---- ---------------------...... 303, 332.73 New steamer.........------------------------------------------ 175, 340. 02 Replacement Ben Humphreys. ..-----------------------------... 11, 800. 00 Dredging and miscellaneous-New survey boat- ---------------- 38, 800. 00 Total other expended allotments......----------------------------------- 845, 523. 75 Grand totals xpended appropriations-- ------- 7,910, 253. 74 .---------------- MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 1959 Oonsolidated statement of condition of appropriationsand allotments nder Mis- sissippi River Commis8ion June 30, 1928--Continued FIRST AND SECOND DISTRICTS [Appropriations: Mississippi River; flood control, Mississippi River and Sacramento River, Calif.; flood control, Mississippi River; flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries; flood protection on White River, Woodruff and Monroe Counties, Ark.; emergency fund for flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River; funds contributed for flood control, Mississippi River; emergency flood control, Mississippi River; maintenance and im- provement of existing river and harbor works; increase of compensation, rivers and harbors, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, and 1922; increase of compensation, War Department, 1923; funds contributed for improvement of Mississippi River; repairing Government levee at Walnut Bend, Ark.; emergencies in river and harbor works; examinations surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors; rebuilding levees of the Mississippi River and tributaries damaged by floods; maintaining and protecting levees of Missis- sippi River and tributaries against floods; for claims for damages by collision, river and harbor works; modifications and readjustments of contracts, river and harbor im- provement; deficiency act of Mar. 1, 1921] Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River Upper Lower Levees Reelfoot r White Levees, (general levee St. Francis St. Francis River levee tributary repairs district levee district levee district streams and resto- districtration) ration) Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year........................ ------- $245,295.52 $1, 336,594.71 $2,034,091.29 $1,311,704.22 ..-........ ......-.... Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year............. 964.06 215, 535.56 244, 733.48 628, 122. 72 $134, 000.00 $180,000.00 Amount appropriated or al- lotted this fiscal year-....---- 24728,585.00 30, 000. 00 22284, 052. 13 4,206.35 20, 000.00 56, 506.52 Receipts from sales, etc., this fiscal year---........----------- ----..------ -- ---- - . .-.--.-. 549.00 . .. .. . .. . .. Amount available--....... 729,549.06 245,535.56 528,785.61 632, 878.07 154,000.00 236,506.52 Amount expended from begin- ning of present fiscal year to end of previous month-- .. 1,298. 28 241, 850. 67 26276, 303. 93 632, 726. 53 154, 000. 00 212, 603. 62 Amount expended during the month---............-------------... 354. 77 273, 684. 89 27, 642. 43 28151. 54 ........... 296, 487. 01 Total...-------......--- 1, 653. 05 245, 535. 56 303, 946. 36 632, 878. 07 154,000.00 219, 090.63 Balance unexpended at end of month.....----------............-- 727, 896. 01------------ 224, 839. 25----- 17, 415. 89 In Treasury United States --- .....-- 728, 585. 00--- 232, 717. 406, 152. 44 In hand--................------- -688. 99-----------...-7, 878. 15 .......----------------.......... 11, 263. 45 Total------------- 727, 896. 01 ..........--- 224, 839. 25 ..---..--.--.-..---.--- 17, 415. 89 Outstanding liabilities at end of month-----................--------- 110. 88- --.--.-.--.- 577. 20 .............------------........... 2,118.24 Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month---.... -----------.... --...... 6, 581. 00 ------------ ----------- 725. 27 Total.. - - ---------. 110. 88------------- ............. 7, 158. 20 ....... 2, 843. 51 Balance available at end of month (this balance is un- expended at end of month and not covered by contracts but is not available, as the amounts are required to con- tinue operations now under way by use of United States equipment)-..- .-...-.-... 727, 785. 13 ------------ 217, 681. 05---- ........--- . . 14, 572. 38 24Amount reported allotted under act of Mar. 23, 1928, ED-7402 (Miss. R.) 1234. 25Amount previously reported, $54,287.13, increased $229,765 by allotment under act of Mar. 23, 1928, ED-7402 (Miss. R.) 1234. 26Amount previously reported $274, 514.95, increased $1,788.98 as per transfer statement No. 24 attached to account current. 27Voucher expenditure for current month, $4,832.63, decreased $1,147.74 as per transfer statement No. 25 attached to account current. 28Voucher expenditure for current month, $2,870.84, decreased $2,719.30 as per transfer statement No. 25 attached to account current. 29 Voucher expenditure for current month, $5,339.27, increased $1,147.74 as per transfer statement No. 25 attached to account current. 1960 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriationsand allotments under Mis- sissippi River Comrnssion June 80, 1928--Continued FIRST AND SECOND DISTRICTS-Continued Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River Polks Sun- Knowl- General Old Landing, flower, n repairs Plant Town, Miss. Miss. ton, Ark. andstone Ark. Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year.. $399, 196. 39 $138, 491. 02 $636, 695. 61 ....... $1, 692, 240. 60 $205, 947. 88 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year...................... 34, 034. 09 141,024. 72 4, 222. 14 $131, 564. 91 373, 480. 031 140, 000. 00 Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year__ -- ------ I-------- ".--- 1, 151, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., this fiscal year.......................____ 1,491. 26 - .-- 2, 462. 22 " Amount available-........... 35, 525. 35 141,024. 72 4, 222. 141 131, 564.91 1, 526, 942.25 140, 000.00 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month.-.-_ . --- .. _ 26, 512. 40 133, 857. 40 2, 888 44 30 48, 273.48 31 641, 853. 81 8232, 273. 91 Amount expended during, the m onth _ ..... ................. ________ _ 15, 713. 41 s 110, 480. 95 19, 369. 95 Total ........... ...... 26, 512.40 133, 857. 40 2, 888. 4434 63, 986.89 752, 334. 76 51, 643. 86 Balance unexpended at end of m onth .---------------------- 9, 012. 95 7, 167.32 1, 333. 70 67, 578. 02 774, 607. 49 88, 356. 14 In Treasury United States. ..... 8, 916. 06 737. 89 186. 20 4, 480. 73 345, 663.99 95,000.00 In hand ........... _._.___.. 96. 89 6,429.43 1, 147. 50 63, 097. 29 428, 943.50 -6,643.86 Total-....-- _. ............ 9,012. 95 9,1.5 7 6.3 32 7,167. 1,333.70 ,3.716, 7.0 02 67, 578. 774,607. 7,674 49 88, 8 356. 5.1 14 Outstanding liabilities at end of m onth ......................... 30. 33 .........--- 1, 333. 70 7, 731. 01 43, 087. 021 14, 415. 32 Amount covered by existing con- tracts at end of month .____..._ 17, 013. 72 685, 433. 20 49, 728. 74 Total ..................... 30. 33 1,333. 701 24, 744. 73 728, 520. 22 64, 144. 06 Balance available at end of month (this balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts but is not available, as the amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equi ment)....--------------- 8, 982. 62 7, 167. 32 ...-..... 42, 833. 29 46, 087.27 24, 212. 08 30Amount previously reported, $77,631.65, decreased $22,720.03 and $7,058.70 as per transfer statements Nos. 24 and 25, respectively, attached to account current, and increased $420.56 as per transfer statement No. 24 attached to account current (total net decrease, $29,358.17). 81Amount previously reported, $762,631.22, decreased $5,605.12 as per transfer statement No. 24 attached to account current; $115,158.49, by reimbursement received from the fourth Mississippi River Commission district for payment on barge contract; and $13.80, by reimbursement received from the Mississippi River Commission dredging district (total decrease, $120,777.41). 32 Amount previously reported, $30,796.59, increased $1,477.32 as per transfer statement No. 24 attached to account current. 33Voucher expenditure for current month, $202,277.04, decreased $91,796.09, by reimbursement of June, 1928 expenditure received from the fourth Mississippi River Commission district, covering payment on barge contract. a4Expenditure reported for account " Works" as follows: Hickman, Ky., $8,323.26; Slough Landing Neck, Tenn., $151.55; Sunflower, Miss., $7,135.34; Walnut Bend, Ark., $431.75; Old Town, Ark., $28,300.84; Avenue, Ark., $261.65; Barfield, Ark., $79.00; Gayoso Bend, Mo., $8,536.16; Ohio River below mouth of Cache River, Ill., (slides at Cairo, Ill.), $891.95; Laconia, Ark., $759.08; Polks Landing, Miss., $2,781.10; Cow Island Bend, Ark., $748.56; and refugee work (floods in Mississippi Valley), $5,586.65. b MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 1961 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriationsandt allotments under Mis- sissippi River Commission June 30, 1928-Continued FIRST AND SECOND DISTRICTS-Continued Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River Ohio River Bend of Cok below Memphis Gayoso Island Hickman, Island, mouth of Harbor M.nd, Mo. No. 35, Ark. Cache Ky 1 Ark. River, Ill. Amount expended on present proj- I_ _ . __ _ _ . _I _ . . . . ect to end of last fiscal year-...... $8, 588. 31 $633, 380. 34 $292, 548. 161$151, 360. 08! $137, 140. 171 $226, 706. 60 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year._--------------- 811. 50 95, 528. 82 2, 937. 73 136, 283. 71 16, 983. 94 67, 768. 95 Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year.----------.-------- - .. .. -.. . ..... -- 2.. 4 200; 000. 00 24 245, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., this fiscal year--------........................------------------ 2,657.93 --.... .I - .. Amount available ... ---- 11.50 98,:186.75 2, 937. 73 136,5283. 71 216, 983.94 312 768. 95 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month....---------------- 3695, 189. 8( 2, 937. 73 135, 611. 18 3618, 203.93 3770, 024. 69 Amount expended during the month...............------------------- 121. 3 3, 098. 25 Total _..........-------------------- 95, 311.15 2,937. 73 135, 611. 18 18, 203.93 73, 122. 94 Balance unexpended at end of month-------------..........------------ 811. 50 2, 875. 60 .... . 672. 53 198, 780.01 239, 646. 01 In Treasury United States 500.00 ------- -- 2,377.28________ -------- 200, 000.00 245, 000. 00 In hand--...........------------------... 311.50 498. 32--------672.53 -1, 219.99 -5, 353. 99 Total.....---.....---......----------.. 811. 5 2, 875. 601- ...... 672. 53 198, 780. 01 239, 646. 01 Outstanding liabilities at end of month------....................-------------- 10, 922. 00 13, 462.00 Balance available at end of month (this balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts but is not available, as the amounts are required to con- tinue operations now under way by use of United States equip- ment)---..----------------- 811.50 2,875. 60 ........ 672. 53 187, 858.01[ 226,184.01 34Amount reported allotted under act of Mar. 23, 1928, ED-7402 (Miss. R.) 1234. a3Amount previously reported, $95,305.86, decreased $116.06 as per transfer statement No. 24 attached to account current. 36Amount previously reported, $16,250.01, increased $1,953.92 as per transfer statement No. 24 attached to account current. 37Amount previously reported, $67,616.37, increased $2,408.32 as per transfer statement No. 24 attached to account current 1962 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY 1928 Uonsolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mis- sissippi River Commission June 30, 1928--Continued FIRST AND SECOND DISTRICTS-Continued Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River Colum- Huffman Slough Bend of to Landing Island No. Cairo, Ill. bus, Hickman, Neck, Ky. Ark. Tenn. 8, Mo. Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year__........................_ $9, 132. 72 $38, 665. 68 $176, 362. 59 ......................... Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal - Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year_ 4, 680. 19 305, 516. 26 5,400. 00 .......... --........... year .. _-- - 38$50, 000. 00 $155, 000. 00-S38 Receipts from sales, etc., this fiscal year....... ---......... 13,226.00 .................-----. Amount available__._ ._........... 4, 680. 19 318, 742. 26 5,400. 00 155, 000. 00 50, 000.00 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month......... 247. 18 89256, 290. 17 188.38 to2, 601.91 499. 84 o40 Amount expended during the month-...... ......... 1, 306. 60 ........... 5,175. 31 30. 00 Total..........-.......................-- 247. 18 257, 596. 77 188. 38 7, 777. 22 529. 84 Balance unexpended at end of month......... 4, 433. 01 61, 145. 49 5, 211.621 147, 222. 78 49, 470. 16 In Treasury United States....----------- 52, 830.32 3, 390. 20 155, 000. 00! 50, 000.00 In hand-...........--- --------.......... 4, 433. 01 8, 315. 17 1, 821.42 -7, 777. 22 -529. 84 Total-....................-.-..-.-----. 4, 433.01 61, 145. 49 5, 211.62 147, 222. 78 49, 470. 16 Outstanding liabilities at end of month .... -------......... 57.52 5,211.62 12, 776.26 2,794. 00 Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month--......................--------.......--- 59. 99 .....-----------. -----......... 19,910.72............ Total................................... ......... 117. 51 5, 211.62 32, 686. 98 2, 794. 00 1 ,- . Balance available at end of month (this bal- ance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts, but is not available, as the amounts are required to continue opera- tions now under way by use of United States equipment)................................. 4, 433. 01 61, 027. 98 114, 535. 801 46, 676. 16 38Amount allotted under act of Mar. 23, 1928, ED-7402 (Miss. R.) 1234. 39Amount previously reported, $256,230.27, increased $59.90 as per transfer statement No. 24 attached to account current. 40Amount reported covered by transfer statement No. 24 attached to account current, having been de- rived from previous expenditures from other " Works" applicable to this " Work." MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 1963 Consolidated statement of conditionn of appropriationsand allotments under Mis- sissippiRiver Commission June 30, 1928-Continued FIRST AND SECOND DISTRICTS-Continued Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River Dredging Cairo and mis- drainage cellaneous Expended Reelfoot district (surveys, Total Front, Ky. (west gauges, allotments levee) and obser- vations) Amount expended on present proj- ect to end of last fiscal year....... ............. __ _.... ...- ...... .. 41 $2, 344, 472. 97 $12, 018, 614. 86 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year-----.... .------------- .--.---------. ---.-----...---. -----.. 2, 863, 592. 81 Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year_. ............... 3S $350, 000. 00 8S$441, 650. 00 3s $23, 000. 00------ ............... 3, 739, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., this fiscal year.........---------------------- --------------------------- ............... 20, 386. 41 Amount available-............ 350, 000. 00 441, 650. 00 23, 000. 00--.--.----..- 6, 622, 979. 22 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of pre- vious month---........-.-.-- _ 403, 430. 72------------------------------------ 2,989, 668.00 Amount expended during the month. 6, 147. 54 180. 44 ....----- 249. 51--- - 200, 193. 95 Total------.......------------ 9, 578. 26 180.44 249.51 ............... 3, 189, 861. 95 Balance unexpended at end of month. 340, 421. 74 441, 469. 56 22, 750. 49 ------------- 3,433,117. 27 In Treasury United States ........-- 350, 000.00 441, 650. 00 23, 000. 00 ------------- 2, 946, 187. 51 In hand..........------------------- -9, 578. 26 -180. 44 -249. 51 .............. 486, 929. 76 Total..........------.---.-- 340, 421. 74 441, 469. 56 22, 750. 49 ...............3, 433, 117. 27 Outstanding liabilities at end of month .... ... __ .... _-_-_- .... 19, 177. 00 0. 75 2, 417. 81 --------------- 136, 222. 66 Amount covered by existing con- tracts at end of month............. 27, 633. 71 212. 15----------- 807, 298. 50 ...........---... Total........................ 46, 810. 71 0. 75 2, 629. 96- .'.----.-.. --. 943, 521. 16 Balance available at end of month (this balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by con- tracts but is not available as the amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equipment) ......- 293, 611.03 441, 468.81 20, 120. 531. 1 2, 489, 596. 11 88Amount allotted under act of Mar. 23, 1928, ED-7402 Miss. R.) 1234. 40 o Amount reported covered by transfer statement No. 24 attached to account current, having been de- rived from previous expenditures from other " Works" applicable to this " Work." 1 Expended allotments (flood control, Mississippi River): Levees, Head of the Passes to Rock Island, Ill.-Levees, Slough Landing Neck, Tenn ------------------------------------------------ $1,549. 32 Tributary levees, White River for surveys-..........----....................----------------------... 4, 071. 65 " $5, 620. 97 Plant and miscellaneous, new plant...............................................---------------------------------------.. 1, 007, 000. 00 Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel improvement, and protection- Bauxippi, Ark............---------------------------------------------1, 417. 34 Hopefield, Ark ........------------------------------- 19,147. 04 Delta, Miss. ---------------------------------------------- 28, 151. 56 Friar Point, Miss .------------------------------------------................................................... 14, 171. 04 Stone (undistributed) .- . ....--------------------------------------- 19, 800. 85 Protection of Memphis municipal terminal-.-. ----------------------- 21, 974. 92 Porter Lake, Ark..........-----------------------------------------81,183. 32 Walnut Bend, Ark.... ---------------------------------------- 188, 280.81 Avenue, Ark --------------------------------------------- 405, 768. 43 Golden Lake, Ark........ ----------------------------------------- 20, 281. 60 Experimental concrete revetment....-----------------------------.................................. 39, 000.00 Wyanoke, Ark...............................................---------------------------------------------.. 9,242.72 Barfield, Ark......----------------------------------------------- 118. 04 Norfolk, Miss -------------------------------------------- 265, 700. 84 Trotters, Miss........................................................--------------------------------------------. 192, 200. 52 1, 306, 439. 03 Flood relief work, refugee work, flood, 1927....----------------------------------- 25, 412. 97 Total expended allotments..................................................--------------------------------------------. 2, 344, 472. 97 1964 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Consolidatedstatement of condition of approprictionsand allotments under Mis- sissippi River Commission June 30, 1928-Continued FIRST AND SECOND DISTRICTS-Continued Emergency fund for flood control on tribu- Appro- taries of Mississippi River priation for flood Mainte- protec- nance and Mainte- Mainte- tion on repairs of nance and nance and White levees in repairsof repairs of River, Jackson, levees in repasf Woodruff, Woodruff, districts levees Total and Prairie, Nos. 2, 4, Francist. Monroe and and 25 St. Francis Counties, Monroe Francis and Little Ark. Counties, River Rivers Ark. Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year.-------- $25, 000. 00 42 $65, 000. 0042 $10, 000. 0042 $20, 000. 00 $95, 000. 00 Amount available .- _-- ----------- 25, 000. 00 65, 000. 00 10, 000. 00 20, 000. 00 95, 000. 00 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month_ 4312, 291. 09-- -- Amount expended during the month ........ 5, 959. 04 248. 1 ------------ 25. 50-- 273. 64 Total__ 18, 250. 13 248.14------------- 25. 50 273. 64 Balance unexpended at end of month ..... .. 6, 749. 87 64, 751. 86 10, 000. 00 19, 974. 50 94, 726. 36 In Treasury United States_ .-- .-1, 000. 00 65, 000. 00 10, 000. 00 20, 000. 00 95, 000. 00 In hand......_ _ ............ ... ...... .... 5,749. 87 ............-- 25. 50 -273. 64 -248. 14----------- Total... .-........... ....... ...... 6, 749. 87 64, 751. 86 10, 000. 00 19, 974. 50 94, 726. 36 Outstanding liabilities at end of month.---- -------.--- 45, 274. 36 10, 000. 00 10, 000. 00 65, 274. 36 Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month........... .... ___... ...... --..... . 5,140.19 --------.....------------. 5,140. 19 Total_ - -_ .- - - - 50, 414. 55 10, 00. 000 10, 000. 00 70, 414. 55 . r ... . Balance available at end of month (this bal- ance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contract but is not available as the amounts are required to continue opera- tions now under way by use of United States equipment)- ....__ ..... . .... _-_-.. 6, 749.87 14, 337. 311........ 9, 974. 50 24, 311. 81 42Allottment approved by Secretary of War, ED-7402-B (Miss. R.) 43Amount previously reported, $5,232.39, increased $7,058.70 as per transfer statement No. 25 attached to account current. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 1965 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 30, 1928---Continued FIRST AND SECOND DISTRICTS--Continued Flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries Lower St. Francis White River Upper Yazoo levee dis- levee dis- Knowlton,General Trotters, levee dis- Knowlton, repairs and Miss. trict trict Ark. stone trict Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year- _-_------------ 44$423, 381. 19 44$401, 897. 24 44$587, 221. 57 44 $140, 000.00 44 $350, 000. 00 44$272, 000. 00 Amount available_ 423, 381. 19 401, 897. 24 587, 221. 57 140, 000.00 350, 000.00 272, 000. 00 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month .....- _ ---- 45 119.01-------------" 41, 385.92- Amount expended dur- ing the month ...... 815. 59 . 44, 369.24 1 5 Total .._______. - - - - 4, 934. 60 369. 24 1, 385. 92 Balance unexpended at end of month . _----- 423, 381. 19 396, 962. 64 586, 852. 33 138, 614.08 350,000.00 272,000.00 In Treasury, United States....... 423, 381. 19 401, 897. 24 587, 221. 57 140, 000. 00 350, 000. 00 272, 000.00 In hand -- - -4, 934. 60 -369. 24 -1, 385.92------ ------------ Total _.... ... 423, 381. 19 396, 962. 64 586, 852. 33 138, 614. 08 350, 000. 00 272, 000.00 Outstanding liabilities at end of month --..- - 5, 728. 03 - 1,500. 00-- Amount covered by ex- isting contracts at end of month-------------- .----------- 5,843.85 ........ ,0.- - . : ....... ----- Total ------------ ---- _ 11,571.88------------- 1,500.00 ------------- _-------- Balance available at end of month (this balance is unexpended at end of month and not cov- ered by contracts but is not available, as the amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equip- ment)-- -,_ 423, 381. 191 385, 390. 76 586, 852.33 137,114.08 350, 000. 00 272, 000.00 I I , 44Allotted under deficiency act of May 29, 1928, ED-7402 (Miss. R.) 1234. 45 Amount reported covered by transfer statement No. 24 attached to account current, having been derived from previous expenditures under other "Works" applicable to this "Work." 46Voucher expenditures for current month, $2,096.29, increased $2,719.30 as per transfer statement No. 25 attached to account current. 1966' REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 COsoatei tctstatement of condition of appropriation and allotments tnder Missssippi River Comission June 80, 1928---Continued FIRST AND SECOND DISTRICTS-Continued Flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries Bend of Slough Fair Sycamore Island Laconia, Landing Barfield, Chute, No. 8, Ark. Neck, Landing, Ark. Chute, Mo. Ky.-Tenn. Ark. Tenn. Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year. 44$55, 000. 00 44$140, 000.00 44$140, 000. 00 44$280, 000. 00 44$560, 000. 00 44$10, 000. 00 Amount available.. 55, 000. 00 140, 000. 00 140, 000. 00 280, 000. 00 560, 000. 00 10, 000. 00 Amount expended from beginning of present fis- cal year to end of pre- vious month --.... - 4 1, 363. 22 s 363. 20 451, 452, 749. 12 4 5, 498. 25............ Amount expended during the month.............. ......... 370. 56 4, 000. 00 4, 814.42 10, 030. 00 ......... Total ............. 1, 733.78 -....... 5, 363. 20 7, 563. 54 15, 528. 25 .......... Balance unexpended at end of month ........... 55,000.00 138, 266.22 134, 636.80 272, 436. 46 544, 471.75 10, 000. 00 In Treasury, United States. 55, 000.00 140, 000.00 140, 000.00 280, 000. 00 560, 000.00 10, 000.00 In hand .__..___._ ._____ .-.......--. -1,733. 78 -5, 363. 20 -7, 563. 54 -15, 528. 25 ...........- Total .............. 55, 000.00 138, 266. 22 134, 636. 80 272, 436.46 544, 471.75 10, 000. 00 Outstanding liabilities at end of month........... _...._.___._ ___....___.._ 2, 400.00 15, 367. 00 31, 242. 00 ......... Amount covered by exist- ing contracts at end of month.....-.------.--.- -----------............ . 9,512. 50 ...................................... - Total __._......_... ---. ---....- ____ _._._..... 11, 912.50 15, 367. 00 31, 242. 00 ......... Balance available at end of month (this balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts but is not available, as the amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equip- ment).---..........-.... 55; 000. OC 138, 266. 21 122, 724. 30 257, 069. 46 513, 229. 75 10, 000. 00 *4Allotted under deficiency act of May 29, 1928, ED-7402 (Miss. R.) 1234. 4sAmount reported covered by transfer statement No. 24 attached to account current, having been derived from previous expenditures under other "Works" applicable to this "Work." MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 1967 Co nsolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Masissippi River Commission June 30, 1928--Continued FIRST AND SECOND DISTRICTS-Continued Flood control, Mississippi River and Appropriation for emergency flood tributaries control, Mississippi River, act of Dec. 22, 1927 Chute of Bend of Island Plant Total Knowlton, Gayoso Island No. 8, Ark. Bend, Mo. No. 8, Ky. Mo. Amount appropriated or $4, 500, 000. 001 $126, 727. 12 47$47, 658. 25148$4, 312. 34 allotted this fiscal year. 44$171,000. 00 44$969, 500. 0C 14 Amount available_- 171,C00. 00 969,500.00 4,500,000.00 126,727.12 47, 658.25 4,312.34 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of pre- vious month---.----. ..--------. --............. 12, 478. 72-. ----...-. ........... ............ Amount expended dur- ing the month_ ......- -----......................... 24, 399. 81 -.............---.----- "-- -,,"...-- Total ........------------ -------------- ,---------36,878. 63------ ------ ------ Balance unexpended at end of month_......... 171, 000. 00 969, 500. 00 4, 463, 121. 47 126, 727. 12 47, 658. 25 4, 312. 34 In Treasury, United 171,000. 00 969, 500. 0 States---------..............-- 4, 500, 000. 03 116, 918. 58 23, 942. 98_ ........ In hand_....------------. ......--------.-. _.... . -36, 878. 53 9, 808. 54 23, 715. 27 4, 312. 34 Total .......----- 171, 000.00 969, 500.00 4, 463, 121. 47 126, 727. 12 47, 658.25 4, 312. 34 Outstanding liabilities at end of month ------ 56, 237. - 03 .--.--- --......... Amount covered by ex- isting contracts at end of month..--------- ------------- ---.--------- 15, 355. 35 -..- Total.--.------- ----------. --.-......... 71, 593. 38.--..... Balance available at end of month (this balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts but is not available, as the amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equip- ment)--.------- -- 171,000.001 969, 500. 001 4, 391, 528. 09 126, 727.121 47, 658. 2 4, 312. 34 ~---- I 44Allotted under deficiency act of May 29, 1928, ED-7402 (Miss. R.) 1234. 47Amount previously reported, $54,500.91, decreased $6,842.66 as per transfer statement No. 23 attached to account current. 48Amount previously reported, $11,042.13, decreased $6,729.79 as per transfer statement No. 23 attached to account current. 14710---G 1928--124 1968 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 t and allotments under Consolidated statemen t of coindtion, of a.ppropriation Miissis8i'pp River Commissi&i June 30, 1928--Continued FIRST AND SECOND DISTRICTS-Continued Appropriation for mainte- Appropriation for emergency flood con- nance and improvement trol, Mississippi River, act of Dec. 22, of existing river and har- 1927 bor works, act of Feb. 23, 1927 General Laconia, Ark. repairs and Total Knowlton, Gayoo Bend, stone Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year.....------- 'o$69, 082. 80 (50) $247, 780. 51 $8, 272. 88 a5$172, 341. 75 Amount available-........- 69, 082. 80-.--------___ - 247, 780. 51 8,272.88 172, 341. 75 Amount expended from begin- ning of present fiscal year to end of previous month.--------- -------- .- - ------ 3, 272. 88 52 133, 053. 48 Amount expended during the month....---.------------ -- 47 28. 7, 481.08 Total..............-----------------.. ..... ----- -.. 3, 301.351 140, 534. 56 asance unexpended at end of month-----.....--...........------------- 69, 082. 80 ___------- 247, 780. 51 4, 971. 53 31, 807. 19 In Treasury United States_.---_ 52, 483. 69 .. ...-----------193, 345. 25 - 16, 599. 11-- ----- In hand------......------------------ 54, 435. 26 4, 971. 53 31, 807. 19 Total-------------------- 69,082.80- ...-.--- - 247, 780.51 4,971.53 31,807.19 Outstanding liabilities at end of month--....---------------- - -- 4, 972. 30 4, 186. 73 Amount covered by existing con- tracts at end of month--------- - - - - - - - - - - - -- --- --- --- --- --- ............... 46,900.00 19, 213.56 Total............... 51, 872. 30 23, 400. 29 Balance available at end of month (this balance is unex- pended at end of month and not covered by contracts but is not available, as the amounts are required to continue opera- tions now Under way by use of United States equipment)-..... 69, 082. 80 247, 780. 51 -46, 900. 77 8, 406. 90 69 Amount previosly reported, $69,087.39, decreased $4.59 as per transfer statement No. 23, attached to account current. 6 Amount previously reported, $27,867.63, decreased $27,867.63 as per transfer statement No. 23, attached to account current. at Amount previously reported, $165,499.09, increased $6,842.66 as per transfer statement No. 23, attached to account current. 65Amount previously reported, $132,341.75, increased $711.73 as per transfer statement No. 24, attached to account current. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 1969 Consolidated statenternt of condiition of appropriations and allotments under Miissssippi River Commission June 30, 1928-Continued FIRST AND SECOND DISTRICTS-Continued Appropriation for maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works, act of Feb. 23, 1927 Bend of General Island No. 8, Laconia, Ark. repairs and Plant Total Mo. stone Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year-_ - -____ ___ 53$280, 687. 66 54$90, 917. 20 5 $135, 000. 00 $50, 000. 00 $737, 219.49 Amount available-......... 230, 687.66 90, 917.20 135, 000.00 50,000.00 737,219.39 Amount expended from begin- ning of present fiscal year to end of previous month..-..... 195, 687. 66 70, 917. 20 135, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 587, 931. 22 Amount expended during the month...__....-...------ ------ 472. 71 10, 181. 58 ...-------------------------- 18, 163.84 Total.---------------- 196, 160. 37( 81, 098. 78 135, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 606, 095. 06 Balance unexpended at end of month...... . . .... .... 84, 527. 29 9, 818. 42----------- --------------.... 131,124.43 In hand........-------..------------ 84, 527. 29 9, 818. 42 .....------------------------- 131, 124. 43 Total--.....----.---------- 84, 527.29 9,818.42 ------------------------- 131, 124.43 Outstanding liabilities at end of month---------- -------- 642. 73 7, 620. 00.-------------------- 17, 421. 76 Amount covered by existing con- tracts at end of month -..--. 18, 236. 40 11, 877. 96 ------- 96, 227. 92 Total.___.___--- .......- 18, 879. 13 19.497. 96 ... ...------------------------- I------------ 113. 649. 68 -- 7 -- I I -- I-------------- Balance available at end of month (this balance is unex- pended at end of month and not covered by contracts but is not available, as the amounts are required to continue opera- tions now under way by use of United States equipment)-..... 65, 648. 16 -9,679.54 ........---------- 17, 474. 75 53 Amount previously reported, $273,957.87, increased $6,729.79 as per transfer statement No. 23, attached to account current. 5 Amount previously reported, $90,912.61, increased $4.59 as per transfer statement No. 23, attached to account current. 55Amount previously reported, $107,132.37, increased $27,867.63 as per transfer statement No. 23, attached to account current. as Expenditures reported for account "Works" as follows: Trotters, Miss., $115,823.56; and Old Town, Ark., $19,176.44. 1970 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriaktions and allotments under Mississippi River Uommission June 30, 19288-Continued FIRST AND SECOND DISTRICTS-Continued Funds contributed for flood control, Mississippi River (special fund) Reelfoot Francis St.Lower St.Upper Francis White River Levees, elfoo levee levee levee levee tributary Total district district district district streams Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year----.....------------------- ............ $157, 249. 35 $964, 417. 85 $2,093,411.03 $952, 482. 64--------- $4,167,560.87 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year_........._____ 15, 599. 94 62, 676. 48 82, 610. 47 ..........--. 39, 609. 61--------- 200, 496. 50 Amount appropriated or al- lotted this fiscal year..-.... 87, 740.17 114, 705. 12----------- ........... 79, 491. 50 281, 936. 79 Amount available--..... 15, 599. 94 150, 416. 65 197, 315. 59 39, 609. 61 79, 491. 50 482, 433. 29 Amount expended from begin- ning of present fiscal year to end of previous month.--- 14, 762. 94 137, 577. 68 189, 152.84 26, 306.21 78,965.41 446, 765.08 Amount expended during the month..-- ------------- 33.22 1,500.76 369.13 948.53-............ 2,851.64 Total-...-------------- 14, 796. 16 139, 078.44 189, 521.97 27, 254. 74 78, 965. 41 449, 616. 72 Balance unexpended at end of month...............------------..---- 803. 78 11, 338. 21 7, 793. 62 12, 354.87 526. 09 32, 816. 57 In Treasury United States.... 148. 45 5, 776. 28 859. 20 2,129. 64 491. 50 9, 405. 07 In hand..................------------------- 655. 33 5, 561.93 6, 934. 42 10, 225. 23 34. 59 23, 411. 50 Total..-------------- 803.78 11,338.21 7,793.62 12, 354.87 526.09 32, 816.57 Outstanding liabilities at end of month ------------------- .... ....... 36. 79 55.82 247.89 28.08 368.58 Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month--- 3, 714. 51 3, 477. 50 1,476. 81 12. 92 8, 681.74 Total-------------- 3, 751.30 3, 533.32 1, 724. 70 41.00 9, 050. 32 Balance available at end of month (this balance is unex- pended at end of month and not covered by contracts but is not available, as the amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equipment).....----- 803.78I 7, 586. 911 4, 260. 301 10, 630.17 485.09 23, 766.25 ------- MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 1971 Consolidated stateoment of condition of asppropriations and allotments under liss8issippi River Commssison June 30, 1928--Continued FIRST AND SECOND DISTRICTS-Continued Funds con- tributed for improvement of Mississippi Expended Expended River, Yazoo- contributed appropria- Grand total Mississippi funds tions Delta levee district (special fund) Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year_,.-....----- .-----.------$452, 099.46 57 $2,388,566.61 58$36,444,970.0 55, 471, 811.88 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year... 47, 900. 54--.....---...---..-------------- 3,111, 989.85 Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year. 69330, 000.00 ------------- ---------- 9, 955, 936.79 Receipts from sales, etc., this fiscal year---- --------------------------------------- 20, 386.41 Amount available---------------........................ 377, 900. 54-----------------------............. 13, 088, 313. 05 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month------......... so294, 328. 22- ............-............... 4, 343, 462. 33 Amount expended during the month---.....--------.... 18, 804. 66------------ 270, 646. 58 I- Total------------------------------.................................... .....-------....-------------.............. 313,132.88--- 4, 614,108.91 Balance unexpended at end of month ............. 64,767.66------------- ---------- 8,474, 204. 14 In Treasury United States------------------..................... 30, 979. 89 .---.-------------.. 7, 775, 917.72 In hand..............------.....---...........---------------------------......... 33, 787. 77 ------------------------- 698, 286. 42 Total----....................-------------------------- 64, 767. 66- ...------------.............. _ 8, 474, 204. 14 Outstanding liabilities at end of month---------......... 13, 766. 42 ...----------------------- 289, 290.81 Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month------.................--...........------------------........ 46, 814. 75------------------------.............. 979, 519. 45 Total...............................------------------------------- 60, 581.17 .......--------------....... 1, 268, 810. 26 Balance available at end of month (this balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts but is not available as the amounts are required to continue opera- tions now under way by use of United States equipment)---...........-----.....---------......-----......... 4, 186. 49 ........---------.....-------------.............. 7, 205, 393. 88 b7Expended contributed funds (appropriation for improvement of Mississippi River): Levees, Head of the Passes to Rock Island, Ill.- Reelfoot levee district in Kentucky............_..........._.....___ ... $25, 000. 00 Upper St. Francis levee district ......... ..................-......... _ 234, 000. 00 R a t$259, 000.00 Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel improvement, and protection- Trotters Point, Miss---....-- -------------------- 100, 000. 00 Near Memphis, Tenn - - -.... ___- ------------------------- 1, 066. 61 Near Laconia Circle, Ark---------------------__--.........__. 8,000.00 Star Landing, Miss.......---------------------------------------- 210, 000. 00 Delta, Miss.... 160, 000.00 ...---------------------------------------------- Gayoso Bend, Mo..........-------------------- ------------------ 150, 000. 00 Norfolk, Miss.......................................................-------------------------------------------- 100,000.00 Norfolk, Sunflower, and Trotters Point, Miss-__-----------.-.----..- 100,000. 00 Wyanoke Landing, Ark....---------------------____.. . .. . 60, 000.00 Revetment, Ohio below Cache River__------ ................................ 20,000.00 Hickman, Ky -----............--.......... . . 20, 500. 00 929, 566. 61 Funds contributed for Mississippi River in the Yazoo-Mississippi Delta levee dis- trict (special fund) .................................------------------------------.........----------------............... 1,200, 000. 00 Total expended contributed funds___ __.......................................... 2, 388, 566. 61 1972 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 58 Expended appropriations: Repairing Government levee at Walnut Bend, Ark....__..____ .. __...____..____ $90,000. 00 Emergencies in river and harbor works (for Wolf River)--------------------------- 8, 000. 00 Emergency flood control, Mississippi River (levees)- - 49, 638. 82 Rebuilding levees of the Mississippi River and tributaries damaged by floods . --------620,000.00 Maintaining and protecting levees of Mississippi River and tributaries against floods_ 104, 558. 97 Claims for damages by collision, river and harbor works __ 15. 00 Maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works, act of Oct. 2, 1914, distributed as follows- Surveys . .... .----------- ------ -- -. $1,500. 00 Upper St. Francis levee district_____________________________ ______ 101, 637. 28 Lower St. Francis levee district -- . . . 437, 000. 00 ..------------------------------ White River levee district_____________________________ 160, 000. 00 Slough Landing Neck, Tenn _______________ - 191,498. 17 -__________-_______ Plum Point reach----------------------------------- 1,260. 00 Star Landing, Miss ----------------------------- --- - 106, 724. 54 Trotters Point, Miss ... ... ____... ... ... .. _ .. 2, 376. 36 Delta, Miss _-- ------------------------------------------ 20, 257. 67 Old Town Bend, Ark--------------------------------------- 2, 687. 65 Sunflower, Miss--- ...--------..------------------------------------ 13.83 Plant (repairs): Revetment$__________------------_ $13, 607. 43 Plant--_--------- ------------------- -------------- 40, 028. 86 53, 636. 29 Stone---. ...----------------------------- 1,574.35 Watson Point, Ky. (dike at Slough Landing Neck)- -_ _ 113, 000. 00 Experimental revetment -. _________ __________________________--_ 2, 500. 00 1, 195, 666. 14 Maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works, act of Mar. 4, 1915, distributed as follows: Surveys --------------------- 3, 000. 00 Upper St. Francis levee district...________ __-___________ ___ 233, 378. 19 Lower St. Francis levee district _________-____________ ____ __ 315, 000. 65 White River levee district.. ____- ... __...____ .... ___ 160,103.00 Plum Point reach....----------------------------------------175, 041.39 Delta, Miss.----------- ---------------------------------- 94, 805. 87 Slough Landing Neck, Tenn .. _____----___ __-- __--------__ .192, 270.74 Barfield, Ark-- ...----------------------------------------- 1, 545. 98 Hopefield Bend, Ark_- .....--------.......... .7, 296. 03 Star Landing, Miss-- ------....----------------------------- 8, 855. 62 Sunflower, Miss.................---------------------------------------------172. 50 Plant (repairs)-..------ ------------------------------------....... 9, 979. 81 Stone- ......------------------------------------------------------- 1, 573. 37 Experimental revetment-----_--- .. ....---- --__ ---- ____ ____-..... 22, 201. 39 Plant-------------....----------------------------------------------- 75, 000. 00 New Plant--- .... ...--------------------...---------------... 55, 000. 00 Memphis Harbor ----..------- ------------------------------- 25, 000. 00 1, 380, 224. 54 Modifications and readjustments of contracts, river and harbor improve- ment, act of July 18, 1918- Upper St. Francis levee district--...__..... . _____......____ . . 2, 866. 36 Lower St. Francis levee district--____... ___.__.._________. ___ 24, 779. 31 White River levee district___--- ____________ ______... _ 20, 489. 68 48, 135. 35 Deficiency act of Mar. 1, 1921: Claim of Roach, Stansell, Lowrance Bros. & Co--------___ -_ 184, 428. 27 Claim of H. B. Blanks______......- _____...._.........-.. _ 123, 569. 03 307, 997. 30 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors, for Ashport, Tenn.........-----------...........---............... ...............--------------------------------------------- 485. 00 Surveys for terminal sites, vicinity of Memphis__ -...... ____ _____._______... .. ... 600. 00 Increase of compensation, rivers and harbors- Fiscal year 1918.....................................----------------------------------------... $7, 551. 58 Fiscal year 1919...-------------------------------------------- 2, 271.15 Fiscal year 1920 ---. _____... __--------------- - -____ -__6, 599. 99 Fiscal year 1921 ______ __. .... .. ________------------------------- . 8, 692. 97 Fiscal year 1922.............................-------------------------------------------37, 397.10 62, 512. 79 Increase of compensation, War Department, 1923 -______________________........._ 26, 384. 90 Appropriation for Mississippi River- Surveys, gauges, and observations.......... --------------------------------------- 162, 886. 03 Levees, Head of the Passes to Rock Island, Ill.- Upper St. Francis levee district---.....---------------- - 896, 494. 52 Lower St. Francis levee district--------_-.-------.-------.-.. 3, 253, 189. 75 White River levee district_______ ...... ______ -__- - -_ 2, 634, 645. 80 Reelfoot levee district____--------...-------------.__ . 385, 000. 00 Upper Yazoo levee district ___.........____ ........... .. 1, 468, 703. 45 Walnut Bend levee, preservation of works at....------------------28, 200. 00 Preservation of works (levees).............................----------------------------- 17, 909. 00 8, 684, 142. 52 Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel improve- ment, and protection- Preservation of works-.........___..... ........... __ __- --- 36, 958. 89 Slough Landing Neck, Tenn_.._________...____.......__.__. 206, 385. 36 Chute of Islands No. 26 (Abattis dikes)---....---------- -- - 1, 478. 11 Plum Point reach---- ........................... . . 5, 591, 629. 22 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 1973 (Footnote 58-Continued) Removal of Nonconnah Rock-----___--- __________ _ _ $9, 000. 00 Golden Lake, Ark .... ... ..-------------------------------------- 91, 193.91 Walnut Bend, Ark_____________________________ ____ 346, 309. 92 Trotters Point, Miss ................ ____-_______- _ 101,185. 94 Sunflower, Miss.... -------------------------------------- 253, 365. 56 Stone- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- --------------------. . . -- ... --------. 138,223.04 StarLanding, Miss_______________________________________ 17, 220.95 D elta,M iss----------- ---- --- ---- ---- ---- - - - 965.24 Gayoso Bend, Mo- -------------------------- ---------- 150, 000. 00 Barfield,Ark ----------------------------------------- 200, 000. 00 Bullerton Bar, Ark ------ ----- ----- ------ ----- ----- --- 70, 000. 00 Old Town Bend, Ark ________________________________ 488, 483. 67 Osceola, Ark .... --------------- - 25, 000. 00 Porter Lake, Ark ................... 445, 525. 51 Norfolk, Miss ........-------------- -.----- 42, 002. 05 Knowlton, Ark ..,__,....... .___... .... 23, 805. 48 $8,238, 732. 85 Improving harbors and tributaries, except V sburg Harbor- Columbus, Ky.......---------------------------------------- 43, 750. 00 Hickman, Ky ............. ......... ........ . 95, 132. 00 New Madrid, Mo.. .....------------------------------------- 153, 000. 00 Caruthersville, Mo....._________________________________ 80, 314. 37 Memphis, Tenn- __............................. 45, 000. 00 Improving harbor at Memphis, Tenn............... .------------------ 1, 429, 244. 94 Memphis, Tenn. (Wolf River)- ___- ...___.....- .... ___ _ 25, 786. 00 Improving harbor at Memphis, Tenn. (Wolf River)...------------ 45, 000.00 Hopefield Bend, preservation of works at---__,----------..... ------- 707, 081: 03 Wdlf River____..----- ------------------------------------- 0, 000.00 Memphis Harbor---........................_____ . . 29, 069.70 Helena, Ark__ -- ----------------------------------- 297, 868. 81 Improving St. Francis River (Walnut Bend levee)-.............75, 000.00 3,036,246.85 Examination and survey of lands subject to overflow, east bank, Mississippi River (survey, east bank, Mississippi River, Bessie to Memphis, Tenn.)------- 11,000. 00 Dredges and dredging--...----------------- --------------------------- .......... 388,097.12 Experimental dikes-..---------- --------------------------------------- 54, 924. 42 Plant and miscellaneous- Plant ......-----------...------- ------------------------ $1,916,984. 81 New plant ..........------------------------------------------ 916, 478. 71 2,833, 463.52 Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River and Sacramento River, Calif.- Surveys, gauges, and observations-Surveys---- ---------------------------- 5,000. 00 Levees, Head of the Passes to Rock Island, Ill.-- Reelfoot levee district.......--------------------------------........ --. $119, 582. 46 Upper St. Francis levee district_____________________--------------------------- 679,806. 75 Lower St. Francis levee district___-----------------_____...__.... 2,180, 612. 79 White River levee district__-- .....____....................--------------------- 740, 000. 00 channel improvement 3,720, 002.00 Revetment and contraction works, permanent and protection: Watson Point, Ky. (dike at Slough Landing Neck)--..---------- 55. 88 Hopefleld Bend, Ark .. __..._----------------------------......1,027. 89 Hopefield, Ark___..._________.... ----------.---------...... ... 70, 226. 70 Star Landing, Miss.. __.....__..........-------------------.... 2, 537. 03 Delta, Miss.....------------------------------------------- . 1,037.49 Stone--.... ...--------------------------------------------- 63,138.52 Gayoso Bend, Mo.....-------------------------------------.............. 50,000.00 Osceola, Ark_ _ ------ _______.....----------- ........... 107,000.00 Below Cache River------------------------------------- 61, 629. 56 Walnut Bend, Ark .-- -------------------------- --....... 43, 551.88 Barfield, Ark________________--.. ...------------------.... _ 303, 673. 16 Bauxippi, Ark---- ..----- ------------------------------- 54,456.88 Sunflower, Miss - -. ---------------- --------- --.......110,168. 76 Wyanoke, Ark ---------------------------------------- 41,365.00 Norfolk, Miss ________________ -------.. ........_ . 118,413.73 Porter Lake, Ark--- --------------------------------------... 751, 688.97 Trotters Point, Miss - - ...........-------------....----- ----.. 390, 681. 21 Old Town, Ark------------------------------------- -323, 993.07 Avenue, Ark-------- ----------------------------------- 310, 570.94 Friar Point, Miss -------------.----------------..... 539.74 Hickman, Ky---------- -------------------........--------------. 142. 28 Protection of Memphis municipal terminal ...---------------------. 75.08 Golden Lake, Ark_ ------ -------------............. 93,177.32 Experimental concrete revetment----.....----------------------. 36, 724.10 2, 935, 875.19 Plant and miscellaneous- New plant ....------------ ---------------------------- 1, 298, 678. 58 Plant...------------..........................---------------------------------. 441, 195. 94 1,739 Improving harbors and tributaries- _ Memphis Harbor and Hopefield Point ----...... _........__. 80, 000.0 Memphis Harbor (revetment)__.......----------------........ 660, 50 Total expended appropriations__ _ _______- 5 9 Amount previously reported, $300,000, Yazoo-Mississippi Delta levee district. -increased $30,000 by contr soAmount previously reported, $293,718.93, increased $609. to account current. 1974 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIYt 1928 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 30, 1928-Continued THIRD DISTRICT (Appropriations: Mississippi River; flood control, Mississippi River, and Sacramento River, Calif.; flood control, Mississippi River; flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries; emergency flood control, Mississippi River; funds contributed for flood con- trol, Mississippi River (special fund) ; maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works; increase of compensation, rivers and harbors, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, and 1922; increase of compensation, War Department,, 1923; funds contributed for improvement of Mississippi River; funds contributed for improvement of Mississippi River (special fund) by Mississippi Levee Commissioners for revetment; maintaining and protecting levees of the Mississippi River and tributaries against floods; rebuilding levees of the Mississippi River and tributaries damaged by floods; examinations, sur- veys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors; modifications and readjustments of con- tracts, river and harbor improvements; additional payment to Walter H. Denison on contract for improvement Mississippi River; deficiency act of Mar. 1, 1921] Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River Levees, Upper Tensas Lower Yazoo general Cypress Ashbrook repairs Bend, Neck, Miller Bend, levee district levee district and res- Ark. Miss. Miss. toration Si[ I I Amount expended on present project toend of last fiscal year. $3, 376, 310. 271$3, 586, 031.641-.......... $124, 969. 36 $229, 070. 751$127, 950.00 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year.._............. 1, 013, 368. 90 736, 685.19 $99,000.00 170, 030.64 10, 491.55 42, 050.00 Amount appropriated or allot- ted this fiscal year........... 643, 500.00 .......... 61 509, 000. 00 o61 60, 000.00......_ ..... Receipts from sales, etc., this fiscal year_ _._.......________ 25. 60 14, 305.79 .......... .-.. --... . . . . .. . . . .. . . Amount available........ 1,522,394.50 1,394,490.98 99,000.00. 230,030.64 10, 491. 55 42,050.00 Amount expended from begin- ning of present fiscal year to end of previous month-....... 62 1, 012, 449. 82 63 698, 223. 35 99, 000. 00 84187, 415. 43 10, 491. 55 42, 050. 00 Amount expended during the month....................... o6 27, 019. 01 2, 394. 21---------- 32, 844. 09-.... T otal . _ ...-- --- 468. 83 .----1, 039, 700, 617. 56 99,000.00 220, 259. 52 10, 491. 55 42, 050.00 Balance unexpended at end of month..- - - 482, 925. 67 693, 873. 42 . ..----------9,771.12 In Treasury United States-..... 399, 938. 28 600, 034. 20 . In hand- .......-------------- 82,987. 39 93, 839. 22 ...----------9,771. 12_...... ...... Total.................. 482, 925. 67 693, 873.42---------- 9, 771. 12_________ .... Outstanding liabilities at end of month__..... _........... 32, 237. 64 24, 044. 45 ....... ..... .................... Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month....- 140, 193.33 74, 786.88..---.- ....----------- Total .................. 172, 430.97 98, 831. 33 -...... - ---------------- Balance available at end of month.---................. 310, 494. 70 ........-- 595, 042. 09-------- 9, 771.12 .................... The above balance is unex- pended at end of month and not covered by contracts, but is not available as the follow- ing amounts are required to continue operations now un- der way by use of United States equipment ........... 3,494. 70 23, 042. 091---------- 9, 771. 12 The actual net amounts avail- . able for other work under ap- proved subprojects are_-_.... 307, 000. 00 572, 000. 00 ................. 'sont, $500,000, shown on May, 1928, statement under the heading of "Revetments (not dis- jlistributed f in connection with the following additional allotments: Serial No. C-4373, 4Iar. 23, 1928, ED-7402 (Miss. R.) 1234, for levees $1,000,000, for revetments $1,000,000, and Serial No. C-4380, June 4, 1928, act of Mar. 23, 1928, ED-7402 (Miss. R.) 1230, ct, $10,000 (reimbursement for expenditures on account of field studies). The ributed under the following headings, increasing the amounts previously levee district, $410,000; Lower Yazoo levee district, $600,000; Arkansas ; Duckport, La., $115,000; Reid-Bedford, La., $50,000; Pendleton, brook, Dike, Miss., $85,000; Leland Dike, Ark., $50,000; plant MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 1975 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments nder Mississippi River Commission June 80, 1938---Continued THIRD DISTRICT-Continued Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River Leland Vaucluse, Princeton, Valewood, Hagaman, Goodrich, Neck, Ark. Ark. Miss. Miss. La. La. Amount expended on present proj- ect to end of last fiscal year........ $161, 661. 82 $117, 885. 15 $220, 031. 56$456, 888. 23 $268, 585. 87 $290,308.05 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year....................... 15,000.00 10,000.00 47,200.00 46,250.00 30,000.00 30, 000.00 Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year------.................. 80,000.00-----------....................-- - 60,000.00-........ .. Amount available....._-...... 95,000.00 10,000.00 47,200.00 106,250.00 30,000.00 30,000.00 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previ- ous month...--..--.........-.-..- 58, 989. 66 10, 000.00 47, 200.00 106, 250. 00 30, 000.00 30, 000. 00 Balance unexpended at end of month. 36,010.34---- In hand............................. 36, 010. 34 -- ...................... Balance available at end of month... The above balance is unexpended at 36,010. 34--- -............ ............... ........... end of month and not covered by contracts, but is not available as the following amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equip- ment.............................. 36,010.34---------------...... .....-----------........-----......---......... ........... 2aAmount previously reported, $974,165.62, increased $38,284.20, in adjustment of expenditures made at Pendleton, $4,042.58 and Red Fork, $34,241.62 in Upper Tensas levee district, Arkansas. 6Amount previously reported, $698,257.55, decreased $34.20 reimbursed for meals and lodgings by Maj. John C. H. Lee ($30.90) and 1st Lieut. Morris W. Gilland ($3.30). 64 Amount previously reported, $225,699.63, decreased $38,284.20, in adjustment of expenditures made at Pendleton, $4,042.58 and Red Fork, $34,241.62 in Upper Tensas levee district, Arkansas. *6Includes $61.72 in Treasury Settlement for passenger transportation. 1976 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 30, 1928-Continued THIRD DISTRICT-Continued Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River Dredging Revet- Repairs to and mis- ment, Arkansas Fitler Miss. existing cellaneous barge-line City, Ark. works, Plant (surveys, terminal and stone gauges, at Vicks- observa- burg, tions) Miss. Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year- $12,200.10 $161,230.02 .----------........... $1,598,117.48 $1,900.06........... Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year-.............. -- - ----.-------------- - $238,261.96 126,904.32 330.51$150,000.00 Amount appropriated or allot- ted this fiscal year ..... __- _ 61 50,000.00 61120,000.00 100, 000.0061 1,350,000.006150,000.00 ........... Receipts from sales, etc., this fiscal year..........__........ --.-- .----. ----------- 55, 568. 19 8.68 673, 730. 60 Amount available-........ 50, 000. 00 120, 000. 00 393, 830. 15 1,480, 634. 92 50, 330. 51 150, 000.00 Amount expended from begin- ning of present fiscal year to end of previous month....... 68 377, 965. 16 .........._...._.... 69225, 215. 53 132. 00 145, 000.00 Amount expended during the month..--.--..----.---.--..- 15, 864. 99 7o54, 324. 54 12. 00 ...-....... Total-....... ..-..-.-.- ................ 71393, 830.15 279, 540.07 144.00 145, 000.00 Balance unexpended at end of month...................... 50, 000.00 120, 000. 00----------- 1, 201,094. 85 50,186. 51 5, 000. 00 In Treasury United States-..... 50, 000.00 120, 000. 00.......------------... 981, 383. 25 50, 000. 00 ......... In hand---- ---.... ......... 219, 711.60 186. 51 5, 000.00 Total ................... 50, 000.00 120, 000.00-----------..... 1, 201, 094.85 50,186.51 5, 000.00 Outstanding liabilities at end ............ of m onth -----... 31,950.80 2, 705.32 .......... Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month-.... 18,000. 00 36, 000. 00 ........... 203,716.91... .... Total .................... 18,000.00 36, 000. 00--......... 235,667. 71 2,705. 32..... Balance available at end of m onth.-.- --- ..-...- ...- 32,000.00 84, 000. 00---------.. -- 965, 427. 14 47,481.19 5,000.00 The above balance is unex- pended at end of month and not covered by contracts, but is not available as the follow- ing amounts are required to continue operations now un- der way by use of United States equipment ............ 32, 000. 00 84, 000. 00-----------........... 375,427.14 39,981.19 5,000.00 The actual net amounts, avail- able for other work under approved subprojects are..... 590, 000. 00 7, 500. O0 61 The amount, $500,000, shown on May, 1928, statement under the heading of "Revetments (not dis- tributed)" was distributed in connection with the following additional allotments: Serial No. C-4373, June 2, 1923, act of Mar. 23, 1928, ED-7402 (Miss. R.) 1234, for levees $1,000,000, for revetments $1,000,000, and for surveys $50,000; and Serial No. C-4380, June 4, 1928, act of Mar. 23, 1928, ED-7402 (Miss. R.) 1230, for Upper Tensas levee district, $10,000 (reimbursement for expenditures on account of field studies). The total amount, $2,560,000, was distributed under the following headings, increasing the amounts pre- viously reported accordingly: Upper Tensas levee district, $410,000; Lower Yazoo levee district, $600,000; Arkansas City, Ark., $50,000; Fitler, Miss., $120,000; Duckport, La., $115,000; Reid-Bedford, La., $50,000; Pendleton, Ark., $80,000; Red Fork, Ark., $40,000; Ashbrook Dike, Miss., $85,000; Leland Dike, Ark., $50,000; plant, $910,000; and surveys, $50,000. 86 Amount previously reported, $48,911.79, increased $6,656.40 by sale of empty cement sacks, 0. & R. 604. 67 Amount previously reported, $3,430.60, increased $300.00 by rent of docks to Greenville Sand and Gravel Co., 5 days at $60.00 per day; E.D-6050 (M. R. D. 3d)-38. 68 Amount previously reported, $380,705.44, decreased $2,740.28 reimbursed by Vicksburg (Miss.) district for concrete blocks and ballast and plant rental; ED-5057 (Vicksburg D. 0.) 13. 69 Amount previously reported, $226,905.25, decreased $1,689.72 reimbursed by Mississippi River dredging district for repairs to tug Tortuga ($504.92) and dredge Barnard ($1,184.80). 70 Includes $3.15 ia Treasury Settlement for freight transportation. 71Total expenditure, $393,830.15, distributed as follows: Riverton, Miss., $34,782.63; Caulk Neck, Ark., $37,542.25; Arkansas City, Ark., $21,284.76; Yellow Bend, Ark., $49,250.57; Ashbrook Neck, Miss., $10,553.69; Greenville, Miss., $119,811.12; Vaucluse, Ark., $29,590.94; Princeton, Miss., $20,456.24; Valewood, Miss., $48,158.80; Fitler, Miss., $17,259.75; and Vick urg, Miss., $5,139.40. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 1977 Consolidated statement of condition of apprpropriations and allotments uduler Mississippi River Commission June 30, 1928-Continued THIRD DISTRICT-Continued Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River West Pass Levee, Riverton, Sunny- Grand Ashbrook Levee Leland plant Miss. side, Ark. Lake, Dike, Dike, Miss. Louisiana Dike, Ark. Ark. and Mis- sissippi {----- Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year ....... _ $77, 103. 95 $159, 036. 17 $301, 865. 28 $150, 000. 00 $35, 000.00 Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year. $374, 500.00 60,000.00 80, 000.00 60, 000.00 72100, 000. 00 $70, 000. 00 7280, 000.00 Amount available. 374, 500.00 60,000.00 80,000.00 00. 00 6000. 100,000.00 70, 000. 00 80, 000. 00 Amount expended from beginning of present fis- cal year to end of pre- vious month _..-__ Amount expended during 114, 268. 94 55, 000. 00 80, 00. 00 60, 000. 00---------- 31, 010. 34 -.-....... the month-__.......... 90, 676. 70---------.----------- ---------- --- ------------------ . Total..... ...... 204,945. 64 55, 000. 00 80,000.00 60, 000.00.----------- 31, 010. 34 .-........ Balance unexpended at end of month ......... 169, 554. 36 5,000. 00.. 100,000.00 38,989.66 .....-----------.....-------... 80,000.00 In Treasury, United States ..- w----- .85, ------ . . . 000.00---------- 50,000.00 In hand.................. 169, 554. 36 5, 0 .00 -_-- -- __-- -------- 15, 000.000038, 989. 66 30, 000.00 Total..... ......... 169, 554. 36 5, 000. 00--.....------..--........---------.. 100, 000. 00 38, 989. 66 80, 000. 00 Outstanding liabilities at end of month ...... _... 43, 653. 93-------------------------------- ------------- Amount covered by exist- ing contracts at end of month..............------------- 23, 900. 43 --------- _--------------- ------------ 31, 900. 00 ..-....... Total.........-----------.... 67, 554. 36 ----------- --------------------- 31, 900. 00 _....... Balance available at end of month.............. 102, 000. 00 5, 000. 00 ...... ----- 100, 000. 00 7, 089. 66 80, 000.00 The above balance is un- expended at end of month and not covered by contracts, but is not available, as the follow- ing amounts are re- quired to continue op- erations now under way by use of United States equipment...... ....... - 5, 000. 00 .. _-_-.. ...... _ __ . 100, 000. 00 7, 089. 66 30, 000.00 The actual net amounts available for other work under approved sub- projects, are............ 102, 000. 00 ........ 50, 000. 00 72Allotted during month as per footnote 61. 1978 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 30, 1928-Continued THIRD DISTRICT-Continued Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River-Continued Duckport, Bedfor- Pendleton, Red Fork, Expended Total La. La. Ark. Ark. allotments i i Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year-...... .__.____ . $213, 056. 87 78 $1, 832, 250. 10 $13, 501, 452. 73 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year_ - . . . . . . . . ..-- - - - - - - -- ---.- - -_-- - - ---- 2 ,7 6 5 , 5 7 3 .0 7 Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year- 72$115,000. 0072 50, 000. 00 72$80, 000. 0072 $40, 000. 00 ...........--------------- 4,132, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., this fiscal year----... ------------ .----------.---.---------- 73, 630. 18 Amount available__ 115,000.00 50,000.00 80,000.00 40,000.00 ------------- 6,971, 203.25 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month .------ ....... .....- ----------- ... ....... 3, 420, 661. 78 Amount expended during the month........... ......... _......... 40,000.00 20,000.00--------------- 283, 135. 54 Total........ .... --------............---. .......... 40, 000. 00 20, 000. 00-------...------... 3, 703, 797.32 Balance unexpended at end of month......... 115, 000.00 50,000.00 40, 000. 00 20, 000. 00------------- 3, 267,405.93 In Treasury United States ................ 115, 000.00 50, 000.00 40, 000.00 20,000.00 .......------------- 2, 561, 355. 73 In hand........... 706, 050. 20 Total........_.... 115,000.00 50,000.00 40, 000.00 20,000.00------.-----.--___3, 267, 405.93 Outstanding liabilities at end of month.._......... . - - .-- - - - -. ... .. ... .- 134,592.14 Amount covered by exist- ing contracts at end of month_- -- --- - 36, 000.00 18, 000.00 10, 000. 00 5,000.00 ............... 597, 497. 55 Total.........____________ 36,000.00 18, 000.00 10, 000. 00 5, 000.00- . .------ --- 732, 089. 69 Balance available at end of month_- -- 79, 000.00 32, 000.00 30, 000.00 ...........----... 15, 000. 00----------- 2, 535, 316. 24 The above balance is un- expended at end of month and not covered by contracts, but is not available, as the follow- ing amounts are re- quired to continue op- erations now under way by use of United States equipment............ 79, 000. 00 32, 000. 00 30, 000. 00 15, 000. 00 ....... ... 906, 816. 24 The actual net amounts available for other work under approved sub- projects, are. --------... 1, 628, 500. 00 72Allotted during month as per footnote 61. 73 Expended allotments (flood control, Mississippi River): Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel improvement and protection-- Caulk Neck, Miss......-------------------------------------------------- $225,000.00 Panther Forest, Ark---........-----------------.-.-.-. ----..-. -- - 140, 871.89 Yellow Bend, Ark_---------- ------- ------ -------------------------- 225, 871.89 Milliken Bend, La---- ------------------------ --------------------- 247, 769. 56 Delta Point, La-------------------------------------------..............................................--.................6,005.96 Opposite Delta Point, La--------------.....................................----------------------------------............... 871.89 Bolivar, Miss............--.....-----...........------......----------...............................-----------------------------... 104, 118. 01 Cottonwood, Miss-----..............--------......--...---------------------------------.............................. 202, 717. 82 Greenville, Miss------......................-----...-------...................................---------------------------------..... 651, 106. 65 Vicksburg, Miss .......----------------- ----------------------------------- 871.89 Stone---............--....------....--------------------..............................---...........--------------------..... 27, 044. 54 Total expended allotments...................................................-----------------------------------------... 1, 832, 250. 10 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 1979 Consolidated statement of conditkis of asppro7riations and :'atotments under Mississippi River Commission June 30, 1928--Continued THIRD DISTRICT--Continued Appropriation for maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works, act of Feb. 23, 1927 Repairs to GLad Duckport, existing Plant Total La. works, Ark. and stone Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year........................................ $50, 000. 00$180, 000.00 $155, 000. 001$40, 000. 00 74$425, 000. 00 S-I II Amount available.................... 50, 000. 00 180, 000.00 155, 000. 00 40, 000. 00 425, 000. 00 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month ......... 50, 000. 00 180, 000. 00 155, 000. 00 40, 000.00 425, 000.:00 Total.................................. 50, 000.00 180, 000 00 7 155, 000.00 40, 000.00 425, 000. 00 Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries Dredging and miscel- Repairs to laneous Upper Tensas (surveys, existing Cypress Leland levee district gauges, and works and Bend, Ark. Neck, Ark. observa- stone tions) i i -~ Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year__.--..--.-..-----78 $1, 500, 000. 0( 76$100, 000. 00 78$250, 000. 00176$100, 000. 00 76$200, 000. 00 Amount available-............ 1,500, 000. 00 100, 000.00 250, 000. 00 100, 000.00 200,000.00 Balance unexpended at end of month........................... 1, 500, 000. 00 100, 000. 00 250, 000. 00 100, 000. 00 200, 000. 00 In Treasury, United States......... 1, 500, 000.00 100, 000.00 250, 000.00 100, 000. 00 200, 000. 00 Outstanding liabilities at end of m onth __... ..---.. . . 46, 627. 20 ....................... Amount covered by existing con- tracts at end of month...------ --.........-.............. 36, 000.00 72, 000. 00 Total..---------. --.- ----. 46, 627. 20 36, 000. 00 72,000. 00 Balance available at end of month__ 1, 500, 000. 00 100, 000. 00 203, 372. 80 64, 000. 00 128, 000. 00 The above balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered ) by contracts but is not available, as the following amounts are re- quired to continue operations now under way by use of United States equipment .. ........ ......... ........ .... 100, 000. 00 203, 372. 80 64, 000. 00 128, 000. 00 The actual net amounts, available for other work under approved 500 000 00 subprojects, are.................. 1, , . ....... ........... 74 Reimbursed in February, 1928, by appropriation for emergency flood control. Original allotment revoked Mar. 26, 1928, Serial No. C-4153, E. D.-7402 (Miss. R.) 774. 75 Total expenditure, $155,000, distributed as follows: Riverton, Miss., $50,000; Grand Lake, Ark., $55,000; and Valewood, Miss., $50,000. 78Amounts distributed under allotment Serial No. C-4373, June 2, 1928, deficiency act of 29, 1928, ED-7402 (Miss. R.) 1234, for levees, $1,500,000;, revetments, $1,700,000; and surveys, $100,000 ($200,000 less May $100,000 transferred to secretary, Mississippi River Commission, under revocation of allotment Serial No. C-4430, June 13, 1928, ED-7402 (Miss. R.) 1247). 1980 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 192 8 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 80, 1928-Continued THIRD DISTRICT-Continued Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries Sunnyside, Grand Lake, Valewood, Hagaman, Ark. Ark. Miss. La. Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year.._.. 76$135, 000.00 76 $200, 000. 00 76 $100, 000. 00 76$375, 000. 00 Amount available ....------ - 135, 000. 00 200, 000. 00 100, 000. 00 375, 000.00 Balance unexpended at end of month-.- - , 135, 000. 00 200, 000. 00 100, 000. 00 375,000. 00 In Treasury, United States-..........-... . . 135, 000. 00 200,000. 00 100,000.00 375,000.00 Outstanding liabilities at end of month------ ---- _ 30,000.00 41, 092.31 Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month..................-.............--...--..- 43, 000. 00 72, 000. 00 6, 000. 00 66, 907. 69 Total .........-......... .......... ...... 43, 000. 00 72, 000. 00 36, 000. 00 108, 000. 00 Balance available at end of month- - - 92, 000. 00 128, 000. 00 64, 000. 00 267, 000. 00 The above balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts but is not available, as the following amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equipm ent .......... ...... ...... ...... .. 92, 000. 00 128, 000. 00 64, 000. 00 267, 000. 00 Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries Goodrich, Milliken, Duckport, Total La. Bend, La. La. Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year....- 76$120, 000. 00 76 $135, 000. 00 78$85, 000. 00 $3,300, 000. 00 Amount available--- . 120, 000. 00 135, 000. 00 85, 000. 00 3, 300, 000. 00 Balance unexpended at end of month - --......... 120, 000. 00 135, 000. 00 85, 000. 00 3, 300, 000. 00 In Treasury, United States---- 120, 000. 00 135, 000.00 85,000.00 3, 300, 000. 00 Outstanding liabilities at end of month_ _.......... ... -.... - . . ...... . _-------.. 117,719.51 Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month. ------------------- -- .................. 36, 000. 00 43,000.00 72, 000. 00 446, 907. 69 Total..................... .. ............. 36, 000. 00 43, 000. 00 72, 000. 00 564, 627. 20 Balance available at end of month_ ---- 84, 000. 00 92, 000. 00 13, 000. 00 2, 735, 372. 80 The above balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts but is not available, as the following amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equipment................................... 84, 000. 00 92, 000. 00 13, 000. 00 1, 235, 372. 80 The actual net amounts, available for other work under approved subprojects are- ----------------- .. ............... 1, 500, 000. 00 ....----------------------.... 76 Amounts distributed under allottment Serial No. C -4373, June 2, 1928, deficiency act of May 29, 1928, ED-7402 (Miss. R.) 1234, for levees, $1,500,000; revetments, $1,700,000; and surveys, $100,000 ($200,000 less $100,000 transferred to secretary, Mississippi River Commission, under revocation of allottment Serial No. C-4430, June 13, 1928, ED-7402 (Miss. R.) 1247). MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 1981 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 30, 1928-Continued THIRD DISTRICT-Continued Funds contributed for flood control Mississippi River (special fund) Upper Tensas levee district Fifth Southeast Tensas Lin- French wood- Louisiana Arkansas Basins Town Auburn levee levee levee levee levee district district district district district Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year . ........---- .. ------------------- $1,247, 110. 16 $809, 704. 54 $728, 037. 80 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year.... 57, 307. 85 133,087. 29 133,087. 37$2, 500.00 $834.00 Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year. 123, 500.00 40, 833.00 40, 833. 00 Amount available ............... .......-- 180, 807.85 173, 920.29 173, 920. 37 2, 500.00 834.00 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month------------ 170, 426.14 163,135.08 163,135.17 2, 500.00 834.00 Balance unexpended at end of month........... 10, 381.71 10, 785. 21 10, 785. 20 ..... "" In Treasury United States. .--------------------- __ _. .. 4, 032. 331 4, 032. 33- - - - In hand----........................................--------------------------- 10, 381. 71 6,752. 88 6, 752. 87_... Total----......---------------------------........ 10,381.71 10, 785. 21 10, 785. 20. -_.... Amount covered by existing contracts at end of 6,752. 88 month....--------...........................----------------------- ............. 6, 752. 87 ... Balance available at end of month..- - 10, 381. 71 4, 032. 33 4,032. 33 ... The above balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts but is not avail- able as the following amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equipment----------------------- 10, 381.71 4, 032. 33 4, 032.33 ' 1982 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments nder M isipps River C.ommission: Jtze 30, 1928---Continued THIRD DISTRICT-Continued Funds contributed for flood control Mississippi River (special fund) Lower Yazoo levee -General repairs and restoration district (levees) Atcha- Bruns- Rocky falaya wick Yazo0- Bayou drain- Eden Protec- Mississippi Missis- levee drain- tion levee sippi drain- age age Levee commis- Delta age and district Asso- sioners levee district levee (Yazoo ciation district (Yazoo district River) (Missis- River) (Yazoo sippi River) River) I i Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year................... $2, 959,148. 08 $174, 220. 01 .... ..... Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year-------------------------.-----... 185, 894.59 21,179.51 $5,0 .. -.,-5. . Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year- - - - - - 172,750. 00 - -$5,000.00 $3,500.00 $3, 500.00 $5,000. 00 Amount available-----------............---.... 358, 644.59 21,.179.51 5,000.00 3,500.00 3,500.00 5,000.00 Amount expended from beginning of pres- ent fiscal year to end of previous month - Balance unexpended at end of month-. In hand---.-.----------- ----------- ..-- . 335, 703. 16 941. 43 22, 941.43 21, 179.51 5,000. 00 3, 500. 00 3, 500. 00 5,000. 00 . -_ ----..- 22,941. 43-------------------------------- .... -----.. . -.... Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month ... Balance available at end of month-........ The above balance is unexpended at end 409.07 .... 22, 532. 36- ... - ---------/--------- of month and not covered by contracts but is not available as the following amounts are required to continue opera- tions now under way by use of United States equipment ....................... 22, 532. 36- -... MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 1983 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Misssi ppi River Comnmission June 30, 1928-Continued THIRD DISTRICT-Continued Expended Expe Total Total contributed cn Expended efunds appropriations Grand total Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year------ ----......----- - $5, 918, 220. 59 77$215, 500. 00 78$40, 633, 878. 53 $60, 269, 051. 85 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year... 533, 890. 61 ---- _ ---------------- ___.. 3, 299, 463. 68 Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year .........................---------------------------------- 394, 916. 00 ....------------------------. 8, 251, 916. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., this fiscal year----....--------- - - --. 73, 630. 18 available---- ----------928, 806. 61 ------------------------ Amount available.,..z.........._....._ .. 11,25,009.86 11, 625, 009. 86 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month----------.......... .....-------- 873, 913. 06------- 4, 719, 574. 84 Amount expended during the month---------.... __- ----------- -__-- - --- - 283,135. 54 873, 913. 06------------ Total .................................------------------------------... 5, 002, 710. 38 ..................-----------......... Balance unexpended at end of month.......... 54, 893. 55---... -------.------.----- 6, 622, 299. 48 In Treasury United States.....................8, 064. 66-- .------------ ............. 5, 869, 420. 39 46, 828. 89 ..----------........----------------............ In hand...................................---------------------------------. 752, 879. 09 ------------------------------ Total.................. 54, 893. 55------------------------................6, 622, 299. 48 Outstanding liabilities at end of month_ - _ -_ __..______-.-... .__........ 252, 311. 65 Amount covered by existing contracts at end of 914. 82--------........................----------------1,058,320. 06 month...............................---------------------------------13, 13, 914. 82____________-- Total------------------..............-------................... 1,310, 631.71 Balance available at end of month.............. 40, 978. 73 _----------------,,5, 311, 667. 77 The above balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts but is not available as the following amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equipment- ..... 40, 978. 73 . ...... " _.. 2, 183, 167. 77 The actual net amounts, available for other work under approved subprojects, are-......_ _............ . ... . ...... - 3, 128, 500.00 77Expended contributed funds (improvement Mississippi River): Greenville, Miss, (revetment)- Contributed by city of Greenville, Miss................................. $13, 000. 00 Contributed by Mississippi levee commissioners --------............. __ - 22, 500. 00 for revetment as follows-- - $35,500.00 Contributed by Mississippi levee commissioners Riverton, Valewood, and Cottonwood, Miss., in fiscal year 1922-......... 100,000.00 Greenville, Valewood and Cottonwood, Miss., in fiscal year 1924-........ 25, 000. 00 125, 000. 00 Contributed for improyement of Mississippi River at Goodrich, La. (special fund)...... 55, 000. 00 Total expended contributed funds..............__................................ 215, 500. 00 78 Expended appropriations: Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River and Sacramento River, Calif: Surveys, gauges, and observations..----------------------------- $5,000.00 Levees, Head of Passes to Rock Island, Ill.- Lower Yazoo levee district_-................-..- $2, 665, 995. 01 Upper Tensas levee district.-. ------ .-----2, 171, 226. 41 4, 837, 221.42 Revetment and contraction works, etc.: Riverton, Miss..........................-....-... 493, 678. 52 Lake Bolivar, Miss-..........-_..____._ ...... 192, 621. 53 Arkansas City, Ark __........ .. ..............._ 141,363.78 Ashbrook Neck, Miss ......... __................ 371, 693.00 Ashbrook Dike, Miss___ ...... ____ __ ...... _ .... 30, 464.18 Panther Forest, Ark-_..-.--..----------------. 282, 225. 58 Leland Neck, Ark-..-.-.......--- .--.--- __ - - 7, 780. 24 Greenville, Miss_--.. ... -----__. -- ___._-.- 117,557.07 Vaucluse, Ark..................-.........-....... 8, 482.67 Princeton, Miss_-----......._-_.....__ ..-..- ___. - 349,180. 30 Valewood, Miss.................................. 352, 217. 39 Fitler, Miss...................................... 193, 554. 36 Cottonwood, Miss-...-----..--.-.--...-.- -. . 485, 347. 85 14710---ENG 1928-1----25 1984 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 (Footnote 78-Continued) Reid-Bedford Bend, La_....--.---------------- $54,060.95 Red Fork, Ark....................--------------------------------- 25. 67 Stone ...-------.......----.........----------...----...........------------.. 28,520.88 Grand Lake, Ark .... __ __ 244, 856. 48 __..................... Revetment opposite Delta Point, La..._......... 250, 748. 59 Delta Point, La...............................------------------------------ 1, 873. 97 - $3,606,343.01 Plant and miscellaneous-Plant -- ------------------------- 1, 207, 107. 46 Improving harbors and tributaries-Vicksburg, Miss.....--------------- 6, 907. 42 Appropriation for Mississippi River: --------$9,662,579. 3 $9, 662, 579.3 Surveys, gauges, and observations-Surveys, third district.....-------- ---.----- - ----------------------------- 156, 456. 53 Levees, Head of Passes to Rock Island, Ill.- Upper Tensas levee district---.....--------------- 7, 283, 896. 49 Beulah crevasse ........ __....................... 550, 000. 00 Arkansas River levees....................------------------------ 50, 000. 00 Lower Yazoo levee district----------...........-------......--. 5, 878, 71 .81 permanent chan- 13, 762, 612. 30 Revetment and contraction works, nel improvement, and protection- Longwood, Miss--..... __......................... 157, 010. 28 Lake Providence reach________........__................. 3, 936, 957. 46 Stone ------------------------------------........ 513, 595.53 Vaucluse, Ark ______-__ .... _____ _____ __ 155, 027. 13 Leland Neck, Ark___ .... _-... _ __...........__ .. 198, 850. 72 Albemarle Bend.....................----------------------------594, 826. 49 Grand Lake, Ark______.....__.._ ____ ___......... 159, 456. 47 Greenville, Miss---..__...._-...............__... 881. 91 Delta Point, La____...____________.._____.............__. 68, 917. 06 Fitler Bend, Miss .---. .______----_--_--- 448, 678. 70 Ashbrook Neck, Miss _______.__. ___ .____ __..... 842, 769. 70 Panther Forest, Ark_._.....______........- 350, 807. 20 Cottonwood, Miss --- _____ __-........______.. Reid-Bedford Bend, La----------------------380, 225, 581. 41 074.04 Red Fork, Ark ________ .... ____ __....__-... 89, 465. 16 Lake Bolivar Front, Miss_,.- - - -_________- 395, 249. 60 Ashbrook Dike, Miss__- .__- ____.__......______. 242, 800. 00 8, 760, 948. 86 Plant and miscellaneous-Plant --- _.-..--- ....- _.._. 2,633,747.53 Improving harbors and tributaries, except Vicksburg Harbor- Greenville, Miss_ -------- ____- -____- 1, 289, 801. 88 Delta Point, La__...-.-- __---- ------ 46, 000. 00 1, 335, 801. 88 Improving Vicksburg Harbor- Vicksburg, Miss.....----------------------------. 542, 724. 77 Delta Point, La__________________--- _ 140, 256. 21 682, 980. 98 Examination of lands subject to overflow, east bank Mississippi River-Survey east bank Mississippi River, Brunswick to War- renton, Miss -------------------------------------------- 6,936. 59 - -- 27,339,484.67 Appropriation for maintaining and protecting levees of the Mississippi River and tributaries against floods- Protection of levees, third district________------------------------ 170, 618. 52 Protection of levees, Red River and tributaries__-------------------- 5, 729. 35 176, 347. 87 Appropriation for examinations, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors- Canal leading from Centennial Lake at Vicksburg, Miss., to the Mississippi River__..__._____________________.________ 2, 000. 00 Surveys, Vicksburg Harbor and Yazoo Canal, harbor division ..... 1, 000. 00 3, 000. 00 Appropriation for claims for damages by collision, river and harbor works- ----------------------------------- S. C. Ragan & Co., May, 1914__________ ______ ... 11. 90 Miller Engineering Co., September, 1916_ __....___--.___........ 47. 98 - 59. 88 Appropriation for maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works, act of Mar. 4, 1915- ..... Surveys, third district ___ ______....__...__...________ 10, 000. 00 Upper Tensas levee district-______-_________ --------- _ 201, 300. 00 Lower Yazoo levee district _ _______---- __---- 191, 301. 00 Ashbrook Neck, Miss -___-- ________ Greenville, Miss.....----------------------------------------- ._-------__---- 75, 000. 00 110, 969. 50 Fitler Bend, Miss -___.__----------- ._______-....- -.. 75, 740. 55 Panther Forest, Ark-...___-_____-__.___________ _____- . 120, 006. 50 Lake Bolivar, Miss - ----------- 70, 000. 00 Stone, third district ---------------------------------------- 1, 538. 03 Grand Lake, Ark ----------------------------------------- 60,038. 20 Plant--...__ _-------------------------------------. ------------- 182, 378. 41 Ashbrook Dike, Miss--- ............................. ... 26, 288. 88 Experimental revetment-_---------------_,- - -8, 000. 00 Vaucluse, Ark--- ...... ...... -... --...-....... ...... 6, 795. 50 1, 139, 356. 57 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 1985 (Footnote 78---Continued) Appropriation for modifications and readjustments of contracts, act of July 18, 1918 (in upper Tensas levee district)_____...___....___..............----------------..---------.. $25, 000. 00 Appropriation for additional payment to Walter H. Denison on contract, act of Mar. 2, 1919 (in lower Yazoo levee district)..----------------- -----....------ 18, 000. 00 Appropriation for increase of compensation, rivers and harbors- Fisoalyear 1918. ----------------------------------------- $5, 073. 83 Fiscalyear 1919..............................---------------------------------------- 5, 257, 69 Fiscal year 1920 .............................................--------------------------------- 4, 417. 67 Fiscalyear 1921--------------------------------..........................................--.. 25,309. 77 Fiscalyear 1922-------..........................----....-------....--------.---------------.. 30, 923. 60 90, 982. 56 Appropriation for increase of compensation, War Department, fiscal year 1923-.._. 34, 562. 19 Appropriation for emergency flood control, Mississippi River, act of. Apr. 21, 1922- Upper Tensas levee district ...----------------------- . $207, 568. 16 Lower Yazoo levee district_....................................... 181, 236. 24 388, 804. 40 Appropriation for maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works, act of Oct. 2, 1914- Upper Tensas levee district___...- .....- __..._........__........ . 400, 000. 15 Lower Yazoo levee dsitrict-......................................... 372, 000.00 Greenville, Miss................--.............-----------------.................... 81, 664. 60 Surveys, third district.............................................. 2,000.00 Fitler Bend, Miss........................................-----------------------------------------. 12, 079. 21 .................... -------------------------- Delta Point, La----------------- 1, 431.17 Reid-Bedford Bend, La .....------------------.......................---..-----.......... 705.71 Ashbrook Neck, Miss-----..........------..--.....-----------------.......-----......... 643.07 Panther Forest, Ark --------------------------------------- 44, 624. 50 Albermarle Bend, Miss--............. _ _ ---.................. .... 4,105.47 Lake Bolivar Front, Miss........- ------------------------------------ 7,438.-43 Vaucluse, Ark....--------------------------------------------. 7, 699. 37 Stone--------------------------------------------------19, 623.87 Grand Lake, Ark...................................-----------------------------------------. 80,000.00 Plant, third district.. ..... __...............................---------------------------- 50,000.. 00 1,084, 015. 55 Appropriation for rebuilding levees of the Mississippi River and tribu- • taries damaged by floods-- Upper Tensas levee district-..-.. -................___. - .. 417, 988.03 Lower Yazoo levee district__-. __ ------- __-__-----___. - 210, 000. 00 Red River levees ------------------------------------------ 8, 256. 56 636, 244. 59 Appropriation for readjustment of contracts, act of Mar. 1, 1921 (Lower Yazoo levee district) ....................................................... ...................---------------------------------------------------------- 35, 440. 94 Total expended appropriations ----------------------------............................ 40, 633, 878. 53 1986 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 2 8 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriationsand allotments under Mis- sissippi River CGonrniission June 30, 1928-Continued FOURTH DISTRICT [Appropriations: Mississippi River; flood control, Mississippi River and Sacramento River Calif.; flood control, Mississippi River; flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries; emergency flood control, Mississippi River; preserving and protecting levees not under Government control on Mississippi River, its tributaries and outlets, during flood emer- gency; funds contributed for flood control, Mississippi River (special fund) ; mainte- nance and improvement of existing river and harbor works; increase of compensation, rivers and harbors, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921. and 1922; increase of compensation, War Department, 1923; emergencies in river and harbor works; maintaining and protecting levees of Mississippi River and tributaries against floods; removing sunken vessels or craft obstructing or endangering navigation; rebuilding levees of the Mississippi River and tributaries damaged by floods; funds contributed for improvement of Mississippi River] Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River I I. Red River, Lower Atchafalaya, Atchafalaya Atchafalaya Lafourche Tensas and Bayou levee district levee dis- levee levee district Boeuf levee (front) trict (back) district districts I :- Anmount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year....----....------------.... $2, 084, 245. 27 $144, 035. 71 $1,328, 659. 67 $116, 551. 89 $409, 990. 81 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year_------------------------ 796, 267. 47 261, 964. 29 129, 940. 33 332, 448. 11 156, 209. 19 Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year.... ....--....------------- 79 618, 000. 00 ....---------- 80 394, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., this year-...... 361.00 610.09 1800. 45 567. 90 20, 732. 49 Amount available..._____....... 1,414,628.47 262, 574.38 525, 740. 78 333, 016.01 176, 941. 68 Amount expended from beginning of pres- ent fiscal year to end of previous month. 81580, 188. 55 220, 008. 26 314. 50 88129,; 86331, 657. 90 1N165, 243. 65 Amount expended during the month.... 21, 193.40 26, 175.84 2,104.49 665. 05 86 5,261. 60 Total ...............--.........--- 601, 381. 95 246, 184.10 131, 418.99 332, 322. 95 170, 505. 25 Balance unexpended at end of month .. 813, 246.52 16, 390.28 394,321.791 693. 06 6, 436. 43 In Treasury United States........ 618, 060. 96 6.70 394, 001.67 ...------------ .50 195, 185. 56 16, 383. 58 In hand----------................----........------------ 320. 12 693.06 6,435.93 Total ........ ----...........-... _ 813, 246. 52 16,390. 28 394, 321. 79 693. 06 6, 436. 43 Outstanding liabilities at end of month. 1,016. 34 .......... - 2, 594. 55 693.06 1,030. 79 Amount covered by existing contracts at end ofmonth ... ................. 189, 480. 75 16, 390.28 . 190, 497. 09 Total ....---------------------......................--- 16, 390. 28 2, 594. 55 693. 06 1, 030. 79 Balance available at end of month (this balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts, but is not available, as the amounts are re- quired to continue operations now under way by use of United States 24 equipment) .-------------------- 622, 749.431---------- 391, 727. 1--.-.----- 5, 405. 64 79Amount previously reported, $12,000, increased $606,000, by allotment of June 2, 1928, Serial No. C-4374, act of Mar. 23, 1928. (ED-7402 (Miss R.) 1234.) 80Allotted June 2, 1928, Serial No. C-4374, act of Mar. 23, 1928. (ED-7402 (Miss. R.) 1234.) 81Amount previously reported, $593,950.55, increased $1,448.13 by adjustment of retirement-fund de- ductions, and decreased $1.35 by refundment of overpayments on vouchers Nos. 2635 and 2703, November, 1927, and further decreased $15,208.78 as per transfer memorandum No. 8, attached to account current. 82Amount previously reported, $219,416.92, increased $598.04 by adjustment of retirement-fund de- ductions and decreased $6.70 by refundment of overpayments on voucher No. 1667, September, and No. 1921, October, 1927. a A mount previously reported, $124,717.23, increased $299.03 by adjustment of retirement-fund de- ductions and $4,299.91 as per transfer memorandum No. 8, attached to account current, and decreased $1.67 by refundment of overpayment on voucher 1541, September, 1927. 84Amount previously reported, $323,454.25, increased $634.53 by adjustment of retirement-fund de- ductions and $7,569.12 as per transfer memorandum No. 8, attached to account current. 85Amount previously reported, $160,961.35, increased $445.85 by adjustment of retirement-fund de- ductions and $3,836.95 as per transfer memorandum No. 8, attached to account current, and decreased 50 cents by refundment of overpayment on voucher 1640, September, 1927. 86 Includes Treasury settlement No. 0180608, dated May 18, 1928, for $2,315.56, in final payment on levee contract (Avondale). MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 1987 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriationsand allotments under Mis- sisdippi River Commtision June 80, 1928-Continued FOURTH DISTRICT-Continued Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River Barataria Pontchar- Lake Levees, train Borgue general re- Levee Hard Times levee levee levee pairs, and plant Bend district district restoration Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year__ $268, 181. 78 $970, 169. 22 $327, 101. 56 --------------...... $268, 799. 99 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year..-------------------- 69, 218. 22 433, 971.36 24, 898. 44 $93, 600. 00_ .. Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year----------- Receipts from sales, etc., this -------------------------------------------- 00. 00 so80 $..162, 120, 000. 00 fiscal year-------------------- 1,131.05 690. 95 .-- ----.-------------- -- Amount available. _..- 69, 218. 22 435,102. 41 25, 589. 39 93, 600. 00 162,000. 00 120, 000. 00 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month- . - 87 59, 011.86 88 413, 070. 41 8921, 689. 74 90 93, 600.00] Amount expended during the m onth ...... ... .. .. ..---- --- 38.35 .--....--------.......................----------- 2, 015.19----------- Total----------------------- 59,050. 21 415, 085. 60 21,689. 74 93, 600. -- Balance unexpended at end of m onth-....-----------------10, 168.01 20,016.81 3,899. 65--------- 162,000.00 120,000.00 .....- In Treasury United States ...-- 120,000.00 In hand-------------------- 10,168.01 20,016.81 3,899.65 ...-....... _ 162,000.00 1,0 _ Total _ __ .. ... ... .. 10, 168. 01 20, 016. 81 3,899. 65---------.. 162,000.00 120,000. 00 Outstanding liabilities at end of month.-_ 50. 00 1, 448. 77 ...........-----..........--------------........... 2, 800. 00 Amount covered by existing con- tracts at end of month._.__-.... 18, 208. 11--- T otal------- ------ ------- 50.00 19, 656. 88 ..------ --......... ---......... 2, 800.00 Balance available at end of month (this balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts, but is not avail- able, as the amounts are re- quired to continue operations now under way by use of United States equipment)...._ _ -. 10, 118.01 359.93 3, 899. 65 ..-----.. .. 162, 000. 0(0 117, 200. 00 I I I soAllotted June 2, 1928, Serial No. C-4374, act of Mar. 23, 1928. (ED-7402 (Miss. R.) 1234.) 87 Amount previously reported, $57,309.38, increased $48.36 by adjustment of retirement-fund deduc tions and $1,654.12 as per transfer memorandum No. 8, attached to account current. 88Amount previously reported, $406,420.15, increased $620.69 by adjustment of retirement-fund de ductions and $6,029.57 as per transfer memorandum No. 8, attached to account current. 89Amount previously reported, $21,316.07, increased $14.87 by adjustment of retirement-fund deduc- tions and $358.80 as per transfer memorandum No. 8, attached to account current. 0oAmount previously reported, $66,471.94, increased $138.16 by adjustment of retirement-fund deduc- ions and $26,989.90 as per transfer memorandum No. 8, attached to account current. .1988 REPORT OF OHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Consolidated .statement of condtion of appropriations and allotments under Miskissippi River Comznission June 30, 1928-Continued FOURTH DISTRICT-Continued Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River Experi- Plaque- mental Iempe Giles Bend Marengo Deer Park, mine concrete revetment Bend La. (La.) revetment revetment Amount expended on present proj- 69 $80, 867. 94 $19, 629. 59 $1, 260, 147. 83 $633, 200.31 $285,954.40 $579, 358. ect to end of last fiscal year....... Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year _ -- - _ ... 1..... 984. 70----- .....------- 394. 24 200.00-- Amount appropriated or allotted ........... -------- this fiscal year --------- ........80 170, 000. 00..----- ------- Amount available ........... 984. 70------------......... 170,394.24 200.00.. -Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month..._............._ 984.70------------- 394. 24 200.00 Balance unexpended at end of month------------...........---- .. -.0 170,000.00...........--------- .. ...... .... In Treasury United States..... -... _---- - i ....... 170, 000. 00 '1.. ........... Balance available at end of month (this balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts, but is not available, as the amounts are required to con- tinue operations now under way .by use of United States equip- ment)....- - - -- --- - -- .............----- 170, 000.00----------- 80Allotted June 2, 1928, Serial No. C-4374, act of Mar. 23, 1928. (ED-7402 (Miss. R.) 1234.) MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMVIISSION 1989 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Missi8sippi River Commission June 30, 1928-Continued FOURTH DISTRICT-Continued Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River General Harbor at Dredging Grand General Plant New New and mis- cellaneous Bay, La. repairs andstone Oreans, (dredges and dredging) Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year.....-------------- $300,465.11 ...... _ $883, 241.75 $1, 189, 756. 48 91$111, 945.92 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year- ___.----_------- -- - - -.... . ... $28, 832. 5592448, 333. 59 .... 7, 362. 88 93 -11, 264.08 Amount appropriated or allotted this fis- cal year --------------------- ---------- 505, 000. 0094 969, 000. 00 95400, 000.00 Receipts from sales, etc., this fiscal year.._ -- -- 83"5 196 4,103. 51 --- ------ 9715, 000.00 Amount available-_--------------- 533, 832. 55 1,421, 437. 10 407, 362. 88 3, 735. 92 Amount expended from beginning of pres- ent fiscal year to end of previous month. __________ 98137, 198. 71 n623, 601. 17 7, 362.88 13, 735. 92 Amount expended during the month..... Total------------- ----------- Balance unexpended at end of month..... In Treasury United States ....------ .5,833. 11 179, 578. 87 400, 000. 00.......... In hand---........--.............-------------------- 370, 882. 50 396,132. 57._ . ...---------- Total ..... ___.........------------- 376, 715. 61 575,711.44 400, 000. 00. ____.. Outstanding liabilities at end of month-__ 54, 702. 00 270, 898. 30 24, 411. 90 ...... Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month.................------...... 96, 444. 00 101, 42 .............. 402. .. Total........... ......--------- ....- 151,146.00 372,300.72 24, 411.90_ Balance available at end of month (this balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts but is not available, as the amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equipment) .. 225, 569. 61 203, 410. 72 375, 588. 10-----....-----.. 91Dredging Atchafalaya and Red Rivers, La. 92 Amount previously reported, $433,333.59, increased $15,000 to correct error made on May, 1928, financial statement by showing increase under "Receipts from sales, etc., this fiscal year" as per footnote e of that statement instead of under "Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year." This money was reallotted, having been transferred from allotment for dredging and miscellaneous (dredges and dredging). The receipts from sales, etc., under "Dredges and dredging" results in a minus expenditure for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1928, and consequently a minus balance unexpended at the end of last fiscal year, in accord- ance with revised consolidated statement, Form No. 91, which provides for showing such a minus expenditure. 93Amount previously reported, $3,735.92, decreased $15,000 as per footnote 92 above. 94Amount previously reported, $859,000, increased $110,000 by allotment of June 2, 1928, serial No. C-4374. (Act of Mar. 23, 1928, ED-7402 (Mississippi River) 1234.) 95 Allotted June 2, 1928, serial No. C-4374. (Act of Mar. 23, 1928, ED-7402 (Mississippi River) 1234.) 96Amount previously reported, $19,103.51, decreased $15,000, to correct error referred to in footnote 92 above. 97Amount reported covers restoration of sales under "Dredges and dredging" to correct error referred to in footnote 92 above. 98Amount previously reported, $36,754.62, increased $882.19 by adjustment of retirement fund deduc- tions and $99,561.90 as per transfer memorandum No. 8, attached to account current. s9Amount previously reported, $770,942.05, decreased $77.21, covering reimbursement for services and traveling expense of United States inspector, $5,178.41 by adjustment of retirement fund deductions and $142,085.26 as per transfer memorandum No. 8, attached to account current. 1 Amount previously reported, $19.54, increased $3,716.38 as per transfer memorandum No. 8, attached to account current. 2 Includes Giles Bend, $24,275.95; Plaquemine (La.), revetment, $76,434.40; and harbor at New Orleans, La., $56,406.59. 1990 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 30, 1928& Continued FOURTH DISTRICT-Continued Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River Dredging and mis- cellaneous Bonnet Carre Expended Total (surveys, Spillway allotments gauges, and obser- vations) Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year--------------------.......... $1, 250. 00 ------------ 3$38, 359. 30 $11, 301, 913. 22 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year....-------- 2,041.55 -------------............ 2,775, 402. 84 Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year-.... 9525, 000. 00 95$1, 500, 000.00 ........... 4, 863, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., this fiscal year................. ..........----------- 44, 997. 44 Amount available.............-............... 27, 041.551 1, 500,000.00....---------- 7,683,400. 28 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month-------__--.... 2, 041.55------- ........... 2, 789, 304.04 Amount expended during the month ..__--------.......................... 299, 496. 64 Total----------------------------------....... 2, 041.55 ........----------..........----------- 3, 088, 800. 68 Balance unexpended at end of month...........-------------. 25,000. 00 1, 500, 000. 00-__ -..-... 4, 594, 599. 60 In Treasury United States...............-.... 25, 000. 00 1,500, 000. 00-......- . 3, 412, 481.81 In hand-------......... --------------------------------------------------- 1,182,117.79 Total...............---------------------------------25, 000. 00 1,500, 000. 00 ____... __ 4, 594, 599. 60 Outstanding liabilities at end of month....------------------- 1, 116. 51 .......... - 360, 762. 22 Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month -------------------------------------------------------------- 421, 925. 56 Total ........---------------------------------- _----------- 1, 116. 51----------- 782, 687. 78 Balance available at end of month (this balance is un- expended at end of month and not covered by con- tracts but is not available, as the amounts are re- quired to continue operations now under way by use of United States equipment)----. _..___. .__ _25, 000. 00 1, 498, 883. 49 ..-..-.... 3, 811, 911. 82 8Includes Bondurant, La., $26,675.90; Natchez front, Mississippi, $2,946.94; levees (surveys), $6,000; and Lake Palmyra surveys, $2,736.46. p5Allotted June 2, 1928, serial No. 0-4374. (Act of Mar. 23, 1928, ED-7402 (Mississippi River) 1234.) MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 1991 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 30, 1928-Continued FOURTH DISTRICT-Continued Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River and Sacramento River, Calif. General repairs Plant Expended Total and allotments stone Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year_____......____________ - ___.......... $1,129, 213. 88 4$7, 713, 550. 00 $8, 842, 763. 88 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year-$....___, $1,432. 98 2, 624. 03------------- 4, 057. 01 Amount available--...._---_____...-----------------_.............. 1,432. 98 2, 624. 03-------------- 4,057. 01 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal . year to end of previous month--__-------------.__. 1,432.98 2,624.03.------------- 4,057.01 Total-_- . a1,432. 98 ..--------------------------------- 2, 624.03 ------------ 4,057.01 4Expended allotments (flood control, Mississippi River and Sacramento River, Calif.): Surveys, gauges, and observations-..... . $5, 010.25 Levees, Head of Passes to Rock Island, Ill.- Lower Tensas levee district_-------__ ----------------- $1, 611,073. 31 Atchafalaya levee district_------____ __ ------------- - - 1, 126, 578. 43 Lafourche levee district_---------__---__.__ ---.......... 370, 364.00 Barataria levee district_______.............................................. 265, 501.38 Pontchartrain levee district_.--_----------.---.-...-...-- - 770, 788. 77 Lake Borgne levee district............... ......................... 181,000. 50 4, 325, 306. 39 Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel improvement and protection- Natchez front ______........._______................................ 15, 150. 10 Bondurant.......................................----------------------------------------------- 36, 727.81 Kempe Bend revetment___ ._.....___.............._____.......... 692, 840. 20 Giles Bend............................................----------------------------------------------. 197, 218. 30 Grand Bay----- ----------------------------------------- 358, 711. 59 Marengo Bend.... ------------------------------------------- 397, 295. 90 Deer Park ------------------------------------------------ 4, 060. 80 Hard Times Bend__----. --- -- ------------------------ 276, 149. 37 Plaquemine (La.) revetment__-__-----------------........ 368, 283. 83 tributaries- 2, 346, 437. 90 Improving harbors and Harbor at New Orleans, La-.........__ .... __...............__ 800, 249. 66 Atchafalaya and Red Rivers--------.............. -- ------ - 222, 269. 90 1, 022, 519. 56 Experimental work---------------.................--....................-------------------------------------.. 14, 275.90 3 Total expended allotments-.....---------. -----. --. ---- Expended for Natchez front, Mississippi. .-----.--- - 7, 713, 550. 00 1992 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Consolidated statement of conditio of appropriations and allotments nder Mississippi River Commission June 30, 1928-Continued FOURTH DISTRICT-Continued Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries RedSRiver, At chafa- Atchafa- Atchafa- Lafourche Barataria Pontchar- lay a, and laya levee laya levee levee levee train levee Baycou Boeuf district district district ditrit trict svee (front) (back) disstricts Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year. 6$2440,000.00 6$158, 000.001 s $111, 000.00 $203, 000. 00 $124, 000.00 $575, 000.00 Amount available- ...... 24 0, 000.00 158, 000.00 111, 000.00 203, 000. 001 124, 000.00 575,000.00 Balance unexpended at end of month...---------- 24 0, 000.00 158, 000. 00 111,000. 00 203, 000. 00 124, 000. 00 575, 000. 00 In Treasury United States___--------..--- -240,000.00 158, 000. 00 111, 000. 00 203, 000. 00 124, 000. 00 575, 000.00 -- -- - - - --- - - - -- Balance available at end of month (this balance is unexpended at end of month and not cov- ered by contracts but is not available as the amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equip- ment)---------------24 40,000. 00 158, 000.00 111,000. 00 203, 000. 00 124, 000.00 575, 000.00 Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries Dredging Lake and mis- Borgne Borgne cellaneous (surveys Yucatan Kempe end BaYucatan Marengo Natchez levee g Bend rev nt Bend front district gauges, and revetment observa- tions) Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year. __ 6 $89. 000, 00 6$30, 000. 00 6$600, 000. 00 6 $100, 000. 00 6 $270, 000. 00 6 $70, 000.00 Amount available......... 89, 000. 00 30, 000. 00 600, 000. 00 100, 000. 00 270, 000. 00 70, 000. 00 Balance unexpended at end of m onth ........... ..... 89,000. 00 30, 000. 00 600,000.00 100,000.00 270,000.00 70,000.00 In Treasury United States._ 89, 000. 00 30, 000. 00 600, 000. 00 100, 000. 00 270, 000. 00 70, 000. 00 Balance available at end of month (this balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts but is not available as the amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equipment!._. 89, 000. 001 30, 000. 001 600, 000. 00 100, 000. 00 270, 000. 00 70, 000.00 6 Allotted during the month under deficiency act of May 29, 1928 (advice of allotment Serial No. C-4374, dated June 2, 1928, ED-7402 (Miss. R.) 1234). MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 1993 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 30, 1928-Continued FOURTH DISTRICT--Continued Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River and tribdtaries Deer Park, Grand Bay, Plaquemine General La. La. (La.), repairs and Plant Total revetment stone - ------ I--- --- Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year_. 6 $75, 000. 00 6 $230, 000. 00 $65, 000. 00f 6 $30, 000. 0016 $560, 000. 00] $3, 530, 000. 00 Amount available........ 75,000.00 230,000.00 65,000.00 30, 000. 00 560, 000.00 3, 530, 000. 00 Balance unexpended at end of month --....-- 75, 000. 00 230, 000. 00 65, 000. 00 30, 000. 00 560, 000. 00 3, 530, 000. 00 In Treasury United States-----...............------... 75, 000. 00 230, 000. 00 65, 000. 00 30, 000. 00 560, 000. 00 3, 530, 000. 00 Balance available at end of month (this balance is unexpended at end of month and not cov- ered by contracts but is not available as the amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equip- ment)......--. . 75, 000. 001 230, 000. 001 65, 000. 001 30, 000. 001 560, 000. 001 3, 530, 000. 00 Appropriation for maintenance and Funds control, Mibutedis improvement of existing river and sissippi River (spe- harbor works, act of Feb. 23, 1927 cial fund)-levees Red River, General Lower Atchafa- repairs Plant Total Tensas laya, and and stone levee Bayou district Boeuf levee districts Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year..........-------- . $1,690, 748. 67 $34, 969. 77 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year.. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . _ __ - -- - - - 130, 666. 24 27, 530. 23 Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year......--- ..----- --- 7 $170, 000. 00 7$224, 000. 00 $394, 000.00- -- , Amount available_.---------------- 170, 000. 00 224, 000. 00 394,000. 00 130, 666. 24 27, 530. 23 Amount expended from beginning of pres- ent fiscal year to end of previous month_. 170, 000. 00 224,000. 00 394, 000. 00 130, 666. 24 27, 530. 23 Total------.......------................---------... 8 170, 000. 0( 224, 000. 00 394, 000. 0( 130, 666. 24 27, 530. 23 9 Allotted during the month under deficiency act of May 29, 1928 (advice of allotment Serial No. C-4374, dated June 2, 1928, ED-7402 (Miss. R.) 1234). 7 Transferred prior to this month from appropriation for emergency flood control, Mississippi River, to cover reimbursement of expenditures previously made under appropriation for maintenance and improve- ment of existing river and harbor works on account of flood of 1927. * Hard Times Bend, $65,906.07; Kempe Bend revetment, $80,402.54; and Giles Bend, $23,691.39. 1994 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Consolidated statement of conditi of aappropriations and allotments under Missip River Commission June 30, 1928-Continued FOURTH DISTRICT--Continued Funds contributed for flood control, Mississippi River (special fund)-levees Atchaf afourche Atchafalaya levee Barataria levee Pontchar- train levee Boke Borgne districe leveelevee district district district train district levee district Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year__.................----------- $1,048, 176.46 $312, 397. 62 $251, 146. 60 $673, 528. 97 $240, 479. 91 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year__ __ __ 7, 500. 00 7,269. 08 18, 971.03 ....--- Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year ------------- -------------------- - 60, 000.00 6, 850.00 74, 700. 00 8, 000.00 Amount available..........-----------..-----..... ....... 67,500.00 14,119.08 93,671.03 8, 000.00 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month... _67, 500.00 14,119.08 93,671.03 8,000.00 Total--------......... ....------------------ ------------- 67, 500. 00 14,119 08 93, 671. 03 8, 000. 00 Funds contributed for flood control, Mississippi River (special fund)- Expended levees. contributed Expended funds Grand total appropriations (improving Saline Mississippi levee River) and Total drainage district Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year.-- ---- ----$4,251, 248. 00 $24, 358, 887.60 10 $34, 921.02 $48, 789, 733.72 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year.......... --.............. Amount appropriated or allotted this -------.- 191,936.58- .... ..----------------...------. 2,971, 396.43 fiscal year--..-_- - - $16,000.00 165, 550. 00------------ ---------- 8, 952, 550. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., this fiscal year- -_------...-------.-- _ ...------........ 44,997.44 Amount available._........ 16,000.00 357, 486. 58----------------------- 11, 968, 943.87 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous m onth..-- _ _--. -.. --.. -.. --.......- 16,000.00 357,486. 58- -____----- --------- 3,544,847.63 Amount expended during the month.. _ -...........299,496.64 -....--------.-----.. Total............................ 16,000.00 357, 486.58-----------------------3,844,344. 27 Balance unexpended at end of month_ - _. _- "8 - -- ,1 24 ,599 .60 In Treasury United States ............ .................. , ......................... 6, 942, 481.81 In hand._ 1,182,117.79 Total .......................... .........-- - . ......... ------. ......... 8,124, 599.60 Outstanding liabilities at end of month- -- .. .-- . .--------------- ... ..--------- 360, 762. 22 Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month_ - ------------------------ ---- 421,925.56 --..--_ - T otal..- .--- _ .- .- ...- .------- .. .. -----.-------- ----------- .-. ------- 782,687.78 Balance available at end of month (this balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts but is not available, as the amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equipment) ............... 7,341,911.82 - - - - -- - -- - - - - - - (Footnotes on following pages.) MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 1995 SExpended appropriations: Emergencies in river and harbor works- Giles Bend, Miss .. --------------.-------------------------..... $40,000.00 Old River ----------------------------------------------- 10,000.00 $50, 000. 00 Maintaining and protecting levees of the Mississippi River and tribu- taries against floods- Fourth district...------------------------------------------- 141,786. 22 Atchafalaya River and Bayou Des Glaises_-----------------------. 31, 431.05 173, 217. 27 Rebuilding levees of Mississippi River and tributaries damaged by floods- Lower Tensas levee district ...----------..................--------------------...... 6, 985. 66 Lafourche levee district..__ ..... --------......................... 105,318. 56 Lake Borgne levee district------- ..........-----------------------------....... 551.96 East bank Mississippi River from Vicksburg to Bayou Sara .......-------- 23, 402. 56 Sundry breaks Bayou des Glaises and Atchafalaya River----------.......... 55, 599. 19 191, 857. 93 Removing sunken vessels or craft obstructing or endangering navigation, indefinite--...------------- - -- ---- -------- -------------- 9, 500.00 Maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works, act of Oct. 2, 1914- Lower Tensas levee district--.......---------------- ----------- 275, 000. 00 Atchafalaya levee district--......-----.......-------.....---------------------.............. 125, 000. 00 Lafourche levee district...........................------------------------------------ 100,000. 00 Barataria levee district 76, 265.00 .........-----------------------------------... Pontchartrain levee district-------......................-------------------------.............. 100, 000. 00 Lake Borgne levee district----- ........-----.............------------------ 75, 000. 00 Hard Times Bend........... -------------------- --------------------............... 22, 714. 44 Kempe Bend revetment___--............................------ 60, 252. 96 Giles Bend ........ ...---------------------------------------------- 40,184.25 Marengo Bend...............................--------------------------...------------------ 5, 000.00 Natchez Front_ ......................- ............... ----- 12, 000.00 Plaquemine, La., revetment_ ...... --.............-..... ........ 50, 000. 00 Bondurant....-----------............ ............................------------------------------------. 2, 319. 22 Plant--...............-----------------................................------------------------------- 60, 513.61 Harbor at New Orleans, La..........------------------............................. 54, 529.13 Atchafalaya and Red Rivers, La_-. . . .. ..----------------------- 15, 000. 00 1, 073, 778. 61 Maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works, act of Mar. 4, 1915- Surveys................-------------.....................-------.....---------------------- 4, 814. 16 Lower Tensas levee district........___..........-------------------. 281, 124. 61 Atchafalaya levee district..................._---------------------.................. 115, 273. 13 Lafourche levee district......------------..------..-------------------.............................. 25, 739. 08 Barataria levee district-_ ._.---. ..-.......-------------------. 62, 236. 00 Pontchartrain levee district .-- _-------------.--------------------. 40,117. 50 Lake Borgne levee district--.- .------ ----.----.--------------- . . 41, 006. 00 Hard Times Bend ____ __-................-___... ............... 120, 999. 99 Bondurant.........................................--------------------------------------------... 2,192.49 Kempe Bend revetment-......_-.................................. 20,000.00 General repairs and stone- Marengo Bend ................................... - $3, 462.02 Giles Bend .......................--------------------------------- 4, 271.67 - . . .. 7, 733.69 Plaquemine, La., revetment.................................--------------------------------- 28, 385. 18 Plant..............................................--------------------------------------------------. 108,188.69 Harbors at Natchez, Miss., and Vidalia, La ....--------------------- 194, 634. 00 Harbor at New Orleans, La.......................---------------------------------- 37, 675. 91 Atchafalaya and Red Rivers, La_-- -___--....... __......-...__ ..... 19, 832. 85 1, 109, 953. 28 Appropriation for Mississippi River- Expended general allotments- Surveys, gauges, and observations- ..---------.. $155, 171.62 Levees, Head of Passes to Rock Island, Ill.- Lower Tensas levee district.. $5, 062, 208. 18 Lake Borgne levee district_ _,_. 659, 561. 11 Preservation of Works ......---------. 134, 000. 00 Lafourche levee district--------...... 980, 769. 14 Pontchartrain levee district..- 2,189, 335.14 Barataria levee district---------......... 770, 163.95 Atchafalaya levee district-.... 2,194, 137.17 Homochitto levee district-.... 2, 583. 88 11, 992, 758. 57 Revetment and contraction works, per- manent channel improvement and protection- Hard Times Bend.----------------245, 000. 00 Giles Bend.... --------------------- 110, 000. 00 Plaquemine, La., revetment .....------- 150, 000. 00 Reid-Bedford Bend_--------------- 87, 404. 63 Marengo Bend_ ------------------- 90, 00. 00 General repairs and stone---.....-_ 68, 000. 00 Bondurant------......--.-...-.-.-- 113, 500. 00 1996 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 2 8 (Footnote 9-Continued) Expended appropriations-Continued. Appropriation for Mississippi River-Continued. Revetment and contraction works, perma- nent channel improvement and protec- tion-Continued. Grand Bay....-------------------- $175, 000. 00 Kempe Bend revetment....-------- 1, 360, 418. 72 $2, 399, 323.35 Dredges and dredging....------------------------- 2, 506. 99 Plant and miscellaneous- --............... ... 1, 364, 230. 74 Improving harbors and tributaries-- Natchez, Miss., and Vidalia, La 1, 564, 506. 80 Atchafalaya and Red Rivers, La_ 150, 453. 95 Harbor at New Orleans, La.... 1,167, 275. 22 2, 882, 235.97 .....................- Total expended general allotments----------------- $18, 796, 227.24 Expended specific allotments-Im- proving harbors and tributaries- Improving harbors at Natchez, Miss., and Vidalia, La-....... $282, 252. 04 Improving harbor at New Or- leans, La__------------------ 979, 639. 86 Atchafalaya and Red Rivers, La...------........---------------- 1, 001, 709. 40 2, 263,601.30 Examinations of lands subject to overflow, east 'bank of the Mississippi River-Surveys, east bank Mississippi River from Warrenton to Baton Rouge ---------------- 4, 465. 35 Total expended specific allotments_--.-.--.---.-------------- 2, 268, 066. 65 Total expended appropriation for Mississippi River .............--------------------- $21,064, 293. 89 Appropriation for increase of compensation, rivers and harbors- Fiscal year 1918------ ...------------------------------------- 14, 831. 55 Fiscal year 1919------------ ------------------------------- 9, 169. 85 Fiscal year 1920------------ ------------------------------- 13, 075. 25 Fiscal year 1921...........---------------------------- --------------- 62, 044. 01 Fiscal year 1922..--------- -------------------------------- 119, 336. 29 Fiscal year 1923......---------........---------------------------------- 92, 308.75 310, 765. 70 Appropriation for emergency flood control, Mississippi River-Levees-....------------- 305, 744. 55 Appropriation for preserving and protecting levees not under Government control on Mississippi River, its tributaries and outlets during flood emergency--- --..--.. 69, 776. 37 -- Total expended appropriations----...__-----.................................... 24, 358, 887. 60 1oExpended contributed funds: Appropriation for improving Mississippi River- Funds contributed for improvement of Mississippi River at Torras, La---............$2,453. 74 Funds contributed for improving Mississippi River at Avondale, La---............-..32, 467.28 Total expended contributed funds.....----.............................---------------------------------.. 34, 921. 02 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION 1997 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 30, 1928-Continued MISSISSIPPI RIVER DREDGING DISTRICT [Appropriations: Mississippi River; flood control, Mississippi River, and Sacramento River, Calif.; flood control, Mississippi River; flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries; maintenance and improve- ment of existing river and harbor works; increase of compensation, rivers and harbors, 1919, 1920, 1921, and 1922; increase of compensation, War Department, 1923] Appropri- ation for mainte- nance im- Appropria- Appropria- and prove- tion for tion for ment of flood con- flood con- existing trol, trol, and Mississippi Expended Mississippi river harbor River and appropria- Total River works, tributaries tions (dredging act of (dredging and mis- and mis- cellaneous) Feb..1927 23, cellaneous) (dredg- ing and miscel- laneous) I. Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year............. $3, 689, 633. 35 - - .-- - - - - ---- ii$9, 11 695, 892. 25 $13, 385, 525. 60 Balance unexpended at end of last fis- cal year.-------_------------------ 715, 536. 24 715, 536. 24 Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year- ------- ---------- 12925, 000. 00 $66, 000. 00 13$500, 000. 00.--------------- 1, 491, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., this fiscal year-----................------------------ 3, 021. 76 ---------------------------------- 3, 021. 76 Amount available.-.-_.------.. 1, 643, 558. 00 66, 000. 00 500, 000. 00 .........------------- 2, 209, 558.00 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month...... .... __. . .. ..... ... 14858, 098. 23 66, 000. 00- ---....---..-- ---..- 924, 098. 23 Amount expended during the month-_ 15177, 940. 34-- -_____--- -- . -_---------------- .- 177, 940. 34 Total..---....................- 1, 036, 038. 57 66, 000. 00__ .........---...----.............. 1, 102, 038. 57 Balance unexpended at end of month- 607, 519. 43___... ______ 500, 000. 00- ----- ____.. 1, 107, 519. 43 In Treasury United States..... 525, 240. 79 .......... 500, 000. 00 ............... 1, 025, 240. 79 In hand.---- 82, 278. 64 ---------------------------------- 82, 278. 64 Total-.............-----...... 607, 519. 43__.- .. _ 500, 000. 00 _________-__ 1, 107, 519. 43 Outstanding liabilities at end of month.............................- 177, 201.791 _----------- _ ---- - ----- 177, 201.79 Amount covered by existing con- tracts at end of month............. 8, 318. 25 --------- .- --- --- --- --.-- ..-- - .- 8, 318. 25 T otal ......--- .---- .--------- 185, 520. 04--------------------------------- 185, 520. 04 Balance available at end of month (this balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts but is not available, as the amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equipment).... . .... .. .. 421, 999. 39 500, 000. 00- ............. 921, 999. 39 11Appropriation for Mississippi River, $6,801,052.61; appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River and Sacramento River, Calif., $2,812,224.76; increase of compensation, rivers and harbors, 1919, $2,642.74; 1920, $14,472.38; 1921, $15,528.59; 1922, $24,103.99; and increase of compensation, War Department, 1923, $25,867.18. 12Amount previously reported, $425,000; increased $500,000 under act of Mar. 23, 1928. Allotment approved by Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army, June 1, 1928, ED-7402 (Miss. R.) 1234. 13Amount of $500,000 received by allotment approved by Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army, June 1, 1928, ED-7402 (Miss. R.) 1234, under deficiency act of May 29, 1928. 14Amount previously reported, $859,457.99, decreased $1,359.76, as follows: $3.35, refundment of over- payment on voucher 931, October, 1927 (reference G. A. O. Cert. No. K-24832--W, dated Apr. 14, 1928, and C. D. No. 24, Federal reserve bank, Memphis, Tenn., June 29, 1928); $1,289.41, reimbursement from the secretary, Mississippi River Commission, for supplies furnished and repairs made to floating plant during the month of May, 1928 (C. D. No. 24, Federal reserve bank, Memphis, Tenn., June 29, 1928); and $67, reimbursement from Missouri Pacific R. R. Co., for use of Government spur track in connection with the construction of the Harahan Viaduct (C. D. No. 24, Federal reserve bank, Memphis, Tenn., June 29, 1928). 15Includes $172.92 covering Treasury settlements as follows: Certificate of settlement No. T-57213-17 for amount of 23 cents, to the Chesapeake & Ohio R. R. Co., for passenger transportation (previously overlooked on statement for May, 1928); $50 certificate No. 0181860, to the Charles Ward Engineering Works as final payment due on Diesel stern-wheel survey boat; $98.69, certificate No. T-58055-W, to the Southern Ry. Co., for passenger transportation; $24, certificate No. 0181111, to Mrs. Geo. R. Brewster, for salry due the estate of her deceased son, Bruce Hardy. 1998 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 EXAMINATION AND SURVEY REQUIRED BY THE ACT APPROVED MARCH 3, 1-921 The commission was charged with the duty of making a pre- liminary examination and survey provided for by the act of March 3, 1921 (Public No. 372, 66th Cong., 3d sess.), of Atchafalaya, Black, and Red Rivers in Louisiana, specifying a general plan, with recom- mendations for the execution thereof, that will give the greatest meas- ure of protection to the basins of said rivers from the flood waters of the Mississippi River consistent with all other interests of the lower Mississippi Valley, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received. Report dated November 12, 1927, with maps, on survey of the Mis- sissippi River below Point Breeze in Louisiana and on the Atcha- falaya outlet by the construction and maintenance of controlled and regulated spillway or spillways, and for other purposes, required by the act of April 17, 1926, was duly submitted by a special board of Engineer officers. This report was transmitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 95, Seventieth Congress, first session. The subject matter of this report is a part of the larger problem of flood control of the Mississippi River in its alluvial valley. (See H. Doc. No. 90, 70th Cong., 1st sess.) Reports of the Chief of Engineers and the Secretary of War dated December 1 and December 8, 1928, respectively, with maps, on Flood Control of the Mississippi River in its alluvial valley, were trans- mitted to Congress by the President of the United States and printed in House Document No. 90, Seventieth Congress, first session. A comprehensive engineering plan is presented, in regard to the solu- tion of the flood-control problem of the Mississippi River. PERMANENT INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THE CONGRESSES OF NAYIGATION 1. By an act approved June 28, 1902, Congress appropriated the sum of $3,000 per year "for the support and maintenance of the Permanent International Commission of the Congresses of Naviga- tion and for the payment of the actual expenses of the properly accredited national delegates of the United States to the meetings of the congresses and of the commission. The object of the associa- tion is the promotion of inland and maritime navigation by means of organized congresses and the publication of pertinent information. Its headquarters are in Brussels, Belgium, but the congresses are held in various countries upon invitation. 2. The membership of the association comprises three general classes-government, corporate, and individual. Governments are represented by delegates, the number of delegates being based on the amounts received annually from such governments and their nationals for the expenses of the commission. Corporate membership may include the privilege of representation by delegate or not according to the amount of the annual subscription paid by the holder of each membership of this class. Life individual membership may be se- cured upon the payment of a single fee, or ordinary individual membership upon the payment annually of a fixed fee. EXPERIMENTAL TOWBOAT BOARD 1999 3. The general affairs of the association are managed by a per- manent commission, which is composed of delegates from the con- tributing governments, with the assistance of the permanent council, which is constituted from the members of the permanent commission, the representation in each case being according to the amount of the annual contributions. 4. During the fiscal year the United States was represented on the permanent Commission by Brig. Gen. William H. Bixby, United States Army, retired, chairman of the American section; Maj. Gen. Harry F. Hodges, United States Army, retired; Maj, Gen. Harry Taylor, United States Army, retired; Rear Admiral F. T. Chambers, Civil Engineer Corps, United States Navy; Maj. G. R. Young, Corps of Engineers, United States Army; and Maj. Dan I. Sultan, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, who also served as secretary of the American section. 5. A meeting of the commission was held at Brussels and Ghent, Belgium, on May 14 and 15, 1928, and the United States was repre- sented by Major Sultan. 6. Copies of the semiannual bulletins and other publications, printed in English, were received from the office in Belgium and distributed to the American members. 7. The expenditures during the year from the above appropriation amounted to $1,846.85, of which $1,000 were for the support and maintenance of the association, being the regular annual contribu- tion for that purpose, and the balance was for the payment of traveling expenses of delegates from the United States and for mis- cellaneous office expenses. REPORT OF BOARD ON EXPERIMENTAL TOWBOATS FOR MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES In compliance with the river and harbor acts approved June 25, 1910, and July 27, 1916, a board of engineer officers was appointed for-the purpose of carrying out their provisions. Personnel of the board.-Under Special Orders Nos. 8 and 26, War Department, office, Chief of Engineers, dated February 11 and April 16, 1928, respectively, the following were detailed as members: Lieut. Col. George R. Spalding. Maj. Jarvis J. Bain. Maj. C. L. Hall. Maj. John C. Gotwals. Maj. G. R. Young. Capt. John G. Drinkwater. and the members of the previous board were relieved. At the end of the year the members of the board were unchanged. Description.-The river and harbor act approved June 25, 1910, and July 27, 1916, provided for the design and construction of two experimental towboats with a complement of suitable barges and necessary loading and unloading facilities for towing and deliver- ing supplies along the Mississippi River and its tributaries, and in making the design for such boats the types of boats in use for similar purposes on nontidal rivers in this and other countries shall be investigated and considered. 14710--ENGNe 1928- 126 2000 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY 1928 Existing project.-To design and construct two experimental tows boats of modern but different types with a complement of suitable barges and necessary loading and unloading facilities for towing and delivering supplies along the Mississippi River and its tribu- taries, and in making designs for such boats the types of boats in use for similar purposes on nontidal rivers in this and other coun- tries shall be investigated and considered. The project is authorized by section 1 of the river and harbor act approved June 25, 1910, and section 1 of the river and harbor act approved July 27, 1916. The preliminary report of the board is printed as House Document 857, Sixty-third Congress, second session, and supplemental report is printed as House Document No. 108, Sixty-seventh Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Three meetings of the present board were held. A systematic study was begun by the board and its several members of the best modern practice in this country as it has developed and is still very rapidly developing on the Monongahela, Alleghany, Ohio, Middle Mississippi, and Lower Mississippi. The study covered definitely the following points: (a) The economical composition and draft of tows for long haulage of various bulk cargoes. (b) The size draft and general design of towboats, including, of course, the size and general design of power plant, transmission, propelling, and steering mechanism to handle such tows efficiently and economically. (c) The dimensions of channels, velocities of flow, clearances of bridges, sizes of locks, character of channel marks and lights existing and desired for such character of tows, together with a study of the capacities of docks, load- ing and unloading facilities, warehouses and terminal trackage, both rail and truck, to enable the cargoes of such tows to be transferred promptly and economically from river to rail, warehouse, or truck and vice versa. (d) A similar study for the short haulage, intermill ferriage, and harbor handling of lesser tows. The cost of new work was $575.14 and the cost of maintenance $87.70, a total of $662.84. The total expenditures were $453.86. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The new board members were assigned studies along the lines outlined and arrangements made for making the necessary tests. The total cost has been $434,831.09, of which $411,589.12 was for new work and $23,241.97 for maintenance. The total expenditures have been $434,622.11. Proposed investigations.-The studies, investigations, and tests will be continued, and it is expected a report of the board will be submitted by the end of the fiscal year 1929. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 -------------- $411, 589. 12 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 ___-------------- ----- 23, 241. 97 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928_ ___- __ 434, 831. 09 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928 --------------- - - 208.98 Net total expenditures________-------------------434, 622. 11 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928_____------------------------ 65, 377. 89 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------------- 500, 000. 00 MISCELLANEOUS CIVIL WORKS 2001 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work... -------- . . -------------------------------............ -------------------- $575. 14 Cost of maintenance-----------------...--...........----------......------..-----........----------------------- 87. 70 Total cost.....----------------------------- ---------------------------------- 662. 84 Total expended_--------------___ 2_ ----- $2,019 25 $5, 680.90$3, 753.82 453.86 ~BOY( ,15.2...... 43 Allotted ..... ... ..... .........----- ..-..... I..... I........... ......- Balance unexpended July 1, 1927,_-__------ ----------- $65, 831.75 Gross amount expended_------- 453. 86 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928--------------- 65, 377.89 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928 -------------------------- 17.33 Balance available June 30, 1928__ ---- __----_--- - - 65, 360. 56 EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES OF. RIVERS AND HARBORS For examinations, surveys, and contingencies and for incidental repairs for rivers and harbors for which there may be no special appropriation, an appropriation of $250,000 should be made. MISCELLANEOUS CIVIL WORKS In addition to the work of improving rivers and harbors, civil works of a miscellaneous character as listed below have been com- mitted to the Corps of Engineers. Reports thereon are found at the pages indicated. Alaska Board of Road Commissioners, supervision of work of (p. 2076). Boundary waters of United States, investigations, regarding (p. 2064). District of Columbia: Anacostia Park, reclamation and development (p. 2024). Aqueduct Bridge, Potomac River, maintenance of substructure (p. 2031). Water supply, maintenance of Washington Aqueduct (p. 2032) and con- struction of work for increasing supply (p. 2044). International boundary waters (p. 2064). Navigable waters of the United States: Anchorage grounds, establishment of, and regulations for (p. 2004). Bridging- Alteration of bridges (p. 2006). Construction and maintenance of bridges; approval of plans (p. 2006). Drawbridges, regulations for operation (p. 2004). Charting, and surveys, therefor, of Great Lakes, Lake Champlain, Lake of the Woods, and other boundary and connecting waters between that lake and Lake Superior, and natural navigable waters of the New York State canals (p. 2055). Harbor lines, establishment of (p. 2009). New York Harbor, supervision to prevent obstructive or injurious deposits (p. 2010). Regulations for use, administration, and navigation (p. 2003). Structures or work affecting, permits for (p. 2007). Wrecks, removal of (p. 2009). Niagara Control Board (p. 2069). Niagara Falls, preservation of, and supervision of power companies operating at (p. 2065). St. Lawrence Board of Control (p. 2070). St. Lawrence River, surveys, preparation of plans, etc. (p. 2064). Wakefield, Va., birthplace of George Washington (p. 2053). 2002 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Appropriations.-The funds with which the miscellaneous civil works were prosecuted during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1928, were derived as follows: For investigations, inspections, hearings, reports, service of notice, or other action incidental to examination of plans or sites of bridges or other struc- tures built or proposed to be built in or over navigable waters, or !:o examinations into alleged violations of laws for the protection and preserva- tion of navigable waters, or to the establishment or marking of harbor lines or es ablishment of anchorages, funds were allotted from river and harbor appropriations in accordance with the provisions of section 6 of the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1905. These allotments, including $32,527.44 for the inspection and supervision of fishing structures, aggregated $86,874.23.1 For the removal of sunken vessels funds were allotted from the permanent indefinite appropriation made for the purpose by section 20 of the river and harbor act, .approved March 3, 1899, amounting in the aggregate to $1,115 362.86, and from other appropriations $13,645.25, making a total of $1,129,008.11. For the other civil works funds to the amount of $4,689,868.70 were provided by special appropriations made by Congress in State Department, War Department, deficiency, District of Columbia, and special acts, and also by contributions amounting to $585,858.23. Total, including allotments, $5,905,751.04. Expenditures.-The total expenditure for the fiscal year, exclusive of outstanding liabilities amounting to $1,176,231.98, was $3,427,- 852.82. (Details concerning the amounts expended for particular works will be found in the special reports for those works.) Work accomplished.-The work of the fiscal year is summarized as follows: Navigation and bridge rules and regulations established or modified___. 25 Anchorages established or modified1___________-------------------1 Harbor lines established or modified----17--------------------------- .7 Bridge applications and plans approved by the Chief of Engineers and Secretary of War------------------------------------------ 316 Bridges found obstructive and alteration ordered by the Secretary of War -- __------------------------------ 1 Dams other than water-power structures. Plans approved by the Chief of Engineers and Secre ary of War_________------------__- - 5 Sunken vessels investigated or removed___________-----____________ 211 Permits issued for work or structures in navigable waters_........... 3, 261 Harbor of New York: Supervision maintained, 16 violations of law reported for prosecution, 12 convictions obtained, 24 prosecutions pending at end of fiscal year. Anacostia Park: About 3.4 per cent of the project executed during the fiscal year; project about 53.5 per cent completed. Aqueduct Bridge: Substructure maintained. Washington Aqueduct: Water supply maintained without interruption; the average daily per capita consumption was 134 gallons; the average total con- sumption per 24 hours was 72,460,000 gallons, the maximum 87,920,000 gal- lons. Survey of northern and northwestern lakes: Revised editions of 18 charts were issued; about 20,179 charts were sold and 3,807 were issued for official use; field work was in progress on Lake Superior, Straits of Mackinac, St. Clair River, Lake of the Woods, and Lake Champlain. Preservation of Niagara Falls: The supervision of power companies was con- tinued. Wakefield, Va., birthplace of George Washington, monument and grounds cared for. 1This amount is included also in the general statement of expenditures from river and harbor appropriations. RULES AND REGULATIONS 2003. FUNDS NEEDED FOR MISCELLANEOUS CIVIL -WORKS The amounts which can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, as indicated in the respective reports, are as follows: Prevention of deposits, harbor of New York ...... - ______------ $174, 360 Survey of northern and northwestern lakes--------------------- 147, 000 Construction and maintenance of roads, bridges, and trails, Alaska__ 2, 000, 000 Improvements, birthplace of Washington, Wakefield, Va------------- 2, 500 (Expenditures to be paid from Federal and District of Columb.a funds; recommended in estimates submitted by the Commissioners of the District of Columbia:) Washington Aqueduct, District of Columbia ---------- _ 425, 000 Reclamation of Anacostia River Flats, Distrct of Columbia- -- _ 180, 000 Total amount which can be profitably expended for miscella- neous civil works under the direction of the Chief of Engi- neers -------------------------------------------- 2, 928, 860 REGULATIONS TO GOVERN THE USE, ADMINISTRATION, AND NAVI- GATION OF THE NAVIGABLE WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES Section 4 of the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894, as amended by section 11 of the act of June 13, 1902, and section 7 of the act of August 8, 1917, delegates to the Secretary of War the duty of prescribing such regulations for the use, administration, and navi- gation of the navigable waters of the United States as in his judg- ment the public necessity may require for the protection of life and property or of operations of the United States in channel improve- ment, covering all matters not specifically delegated by law to some other executive department. Such regulations were prescribed by him during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1928, as follows: San Francisco Bay, San Pablo Bay, Carquinez Straits, Suisun Bay, Sacramento River, San Joaquin River, and their navigable tributaries and connecting waterways, California, regulations restricting the use of drifting fish nets, August 16, 1927. (Supersede regulations of June 14, 1920.) San Francisco Bay, San Pablo Bay, Carquinez Straits, Suisun Bay, Sacramento River, San Joaquin River, and their navigable tributaries and connecting waterways, California, regulations restricting the use of drifting fish nets, December 5, 1927. (Supersede regulations of August 16, 1927.) Los Angeles Harbor, Calif., during improvement operations, January 21, 1928. Black Rock Canal and Lock and Ferry Street Bridge at Buffalo, N. Y., and Niagara River from the Black Rock Lock to Tonawanda, N. Y., March 12, 1928. (Supersede regulations of July 3, 1914.) Cape Cod Canal, Mass., May 4, 1928. Supplemental regulations (supplementing rules of the Department of Commerce) governing the display of signals on, and the operation of all craft and acces- sories working on wrecks, engaged in dredging, surveying, or other work of improvement and the use and navigation of the waters in the vicinity, in all harbors, rivers, and inland waters of the United States, except the Great Lakes and their connecting and tributary waters, the Red River of the North, and the rivers emptying into the Gulf of Mexico and their tributaries, May 19, 1928. (Supersede regulations of November 15, 1919.) General regulations governing the display of signals on, and the operation of, all craft and accessories working on wrecks, engaged in dredging, surveying, or other work of improvement, and the use and navigation of the waters in the vicinity, in the Great Lakes and their connecting and tributary waters as far east as Montreal, the Red River of the North, and the rivers whose waters. flow into the Gulf of Mexico and their tributaries, May 19, 1928. (Supersede regulations of November 15, 1919.) 2004 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 RULES AND REGULATIONS AUTHORIZED TO BE ESTABLISHED BY THE SECRETARY OF WAR UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF AN ACT OF CONGRESS APPROVED MAY 9, 1900, FOR THE NAVIGATION OF STREAMS ON WHICH THE FLOATING OF LOOSE TIMBER AND SACK RAFTS OF TIMBER AND LOGS IS THE PRINCIPAL METHOD, OF NAVIGATION Under the provisions of the act of Congress approved May 9, 1900,, entitled "An act authorizing the Secretary of War to make regula- tions governing the running of loose logs, steamboats, and rafts on certain rivers and streams," whereon the floating of loose timber and logs and sack rafts of timber and logs is the principal method of navigation, the Secretary of War prescribed such rules and regula- tions during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1928, as -follows: That portion of Rainy River within the jurisdiction of the United States, August 24, 1927. (Supersede regulations of February 24, 1905.) REGULATIONS FOR THE PROTECTION OF LIFE AND PROPERTY IN TARGET PRACTICE Chapter XIX of the act approved July 9, 1918, making appropria- tions for the support of the Army, authorizes and empowers the Secretary of War to prescribe such regulations as he may deem best for the use and navigation of any portion or area of the navigable waters of the United States or waters under the jurisdiction of the United States endangered or likely to be endangered by Coast Artil- lery fire in target practice or otherwise, or by the proving operations of the Government ordnance proving grounds at Sandy Hook, N. J., or at any Government ordnance proving ground that may be estab- lished elsewhere on or near such waters, and of any portion or area of said waters occupied by submarine mines, mine fields, submarine cables, or other material and accessories pertaining to seacoast for- tifications, or by any plant or facility engaged in the execution of any public project of river and harbor improvement. No such regu- lations were prescribed during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1928. ESTABLISHMENT OF ANCHORAGE GROUNDS, AND RULES AND REGU- LATIONS THEREFOR, UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION 7 OF THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED MARCH 4, 1915 Anchorage grounds were defined and established or modified by the Secretary of War, and rules and regulations in relation thereto were adopted by him during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1928, as follows: Port of New York, N. Y., May 14, 1928. (Modification of regulations approved August 12, 1922.) RULES AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE OPENING OF DRAW- BRIDGES Section 5 of the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894, provides that it shall be the duty of all persons owning, operating, and tending the drawbridges then built, or which might thereafter be built, across navigable rivers and other waters of the United States to open or cause to be opened the draws of such bridges under such rules and regulations as in the opinion of the Secretary of War the puiblic in- RULES AND REGULATIONS 2005 terests require for the passage of vessels and other water craft. Such rules and regulations were made by the Secretary of War during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1928, as follows: 1. California: All navigable waterways of the United States within State of, July 28, 1927. (Supersede regulations of May 10, 1927.) 2. Ouachita River: St. Louis Southwestern Railway bridge at Camden, Ark., August 4, 1927. 3. Cedar Creek and Clapboard Creek, tributaries of the St. Johns River, Fla.: Bridges on Heckscher Drive, August 4, 1927. (Supplemental to general bridge regulations approved October 12, 1925, for all navigable waterways of the United States discharging into the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, etc.) 4. Snohomish River, Steamboat Slough, and Ebey Slough, Wash., August 5, 1927. 5. Coosa River: Louisville and Nashville Railroad bridge at Gadsden, Ala., August 16, 1927. (Supplemental to general bridge regulations approved October 12, 1925, for all navigable waterways of the United States discharging into the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, etc.) 6. Santee River at Lenuds Ferry, .Broad River near Whale Branch, Cooper River near Cordesville, Ashepoo River near Fenwick, North Wimbee Creek (or river) near Lobeco, and Combahee River near Wiggins, all in South Carolina: Seaboard Air Line Railway bridges, September 15, 1927. (Supplemental to general bridge regulations approved October 12, 1925, for all navigable water- ways of the United States discharging into the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, etc.) 7. South River: Highway bridge at Edgewater, Anne Arundel County, Md., October 20, 1927. (Supersede regulations of October 10, 1906.) 8. Flushing Creek : Combined rapid transit and highway bridge at Roosevelt Avenue, New York City, January 31, 1928. 9. Combahee River:, State highway bridge, 8 miles from Sheldon, S. C., February 16, 1928. (Supplemental to general bridge regulations approved October 12, 1925, for all navigable waterways of the United States discharging into the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, etc.) 10. Grays Harbor and navigable tributaries, Washington, March 3, 1928. (Supersede regulations of September 28, 1926.) 11. Dickinson Bayou, Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio (Southern Pacific) Railroad bridge at San Leon, Tex., March 7, 1928. (Supplemental to general bridge regulations approved October 12, 1925, for all navigable waterways of the United States discharging into the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, etc.) 12. St. Joe River, Idaho, March 9, 1928. 13. Kennebec River between Bath and Woolwich, Me., March 27, 1928. 14. City Waterway at Tacoma; Wash., May 31, 1928. (Supersede regula- tions of March 31, 1927.) 1.5. Little Red River, Ark., June 8, 1928. (Supplemental to general bridge regulations approved April 4, 1907, for the Arkansas and other rivers.) REGULATIONS TO GOVERN THE TRIANSPORTATION AND DUMPING OF REFUSE MATERIALS Section 4 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, authorizes and empowers the Secretary of War to prescribe regulations to govern the transportation and dumping into any navigable water, or waters adjacent thereto, of dredgings, earth, garbage, and other refuse ma- terials of every kind or description, whenever in his judgment such regulations are required in the interest of navigation. Such regula- tions were prescribed by the Secretary of War during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1928, as follows: Charleston Harbor, S. C., March 9, 1928. San Francisco Bay, Calif., November 17, 1927. 2006 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 BRIDGING NAVIGABLE WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES PLANS APPROVED BY THE CHIEOF ENGINEERS AND SECRETARY OF WAR DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1928 The approval by the Chief of Engineers and Secretary of War of plans of bridges to cross navigable waters of the United States is required by section 9 of the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1.899, and by the general bridge act approved March 23, 1906. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1928, plans and maps of location of 316 bridges were approved after examination concerning their effect upon the interests of navigation. Approval in 74 cases was based upon the provisions of special acts of Congress, and in 242 cases upon the provisions of State laws. The local engineers were charged with the supervision of construction, so far as necessary, to see that the bridges are built in accordance with the approved plans. BRIDGES OBSTRUCTING NAVIGATION Whenever the Secretary of War has good reason to believe that a bridge is an unreasonable obstruction to the free navigation of navi- gable waterways of the United States, section 18 of the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1899, makes it his duty to give notice to the persons or corporations owning or controlling the structure to alter it so as to render navigation through or under it reasonably free, easy, and unobstructed, first giving the parties reasonable opportunity to be heard. Under the provisions of that law a notice specifying necessary changes and a reasonable time for making them was issued during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1928, requiring the alteration of the bridge over Mud Bayou near High Island, Tex. STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES IN THE NAVIGABLE WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES Section 9 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, requires that plans of dams, dikes, or causeways shall be approved by the Chief of Engineers and the Secretary of War before the work of construction is commenced. Section 10 of the same act prohibits the creation of any obstruc- tion not affirmatively, authorized by Congress to the navigable capacity of any of the waters of the United States, and makes it unlawful to build or commence the building of structures in such waters, or to alter or modify their course, location, condition, or capacity in any manner unless the work has been recommended by the Chief of Engineers and authorized by the Secretary of War prior to beginning the same. The costs of administration of the laws in question are paid in accordance with the provisions of section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, from any funds available for the improvement, maintenance, and operation or care of waterways or harbors affected, or, if such funds are not available, then from any funds available for examinations, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors. Many structures are placed in the open ocean or in other waters for the improvement of which no appropriations are available. A part of the cost of administra- FEDERAL WATER POWER ACT 2007 tion, therefore, falls upon the general appropriation for examina- tions, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1928, it was found necessary to allot for such expenses from appropriations for the waterways affected and from the general appropriation about $116,421.49. Of this amount the sum of about $23,963.14 was for expenses connected with the authorization and regulation of fishing structures, the most costly class with which the department has to deal under this law. STRUCTURES AND OPERATIONS AUTHORIZED DURING FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1928, UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION 10 OF THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT OF MARCH 3, 1899 Action was taken on about 3,250 applications for permits for vari- ous classes of structures and operations, including jetties, wharves, bulkheads, solid filling, and other reclamation works, shore protec- tion, pipe lines and water intakes, telegraph and telephone wires and cables, log booms, fish traps and pounds, dredging for sand and gravel, dredging for channel improvement, etc. INVESTIGATIONS AND SUPERVISION OF PROJECTS UNDER THE FEDERAL WATER POWER ACT The Federal water power act of June 10, 1920, created the Federal Power Commission with authority to grant permits and licenses for hydroelectric developments in all waters over which Congress has jurisdiction. The act requires that the work of the commission be performed by and through the Departments of War, Interior, and Agriculture, and their engineering, technical, and other personnel, except as may be otherwise provided by law. The law also provides that no water- power license affecting the navigable capacity of any navigable waters of the United States shall be issued until the plans of the dam or other structures affecting navigation have been approved by the Chief of Engineers and the Secretary of War. There is further provision whereby any person or corporation intending to construct project works in any stream over which Congress has jurisdiction, other than navigable waters, may file a declaration of intention for the purpose of ascertaining whether or not the jurisdiction of the Federal Power Commission will attach. During the past year only work of an engineering nature was referred to the War Department by the commission. To July 1, 1927, the following work had been performed by the Engineer Department: Engineering reports submitted___________________-___- -- 186 Public hearings held---------------------. ---------- 52 Licenses and permits referred for field supervision________--------------- 103 Licenses and permits referred for supervision of stream gauging ----------- Declarations of intention referred for report------- . . 104-------------- Reports submitted on declaration of intention-----...--------------- 101 During the past fiscal year field work has been assigned and accomplished, as follows: 2008 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Engineering reports requested----------------------- 23 Engineering reports submitted __________________ __--__ _-14 Public hearings held------------------------------------------------- 10 Field investigations still in progress__ _________ ___27 Licenses and permits under supervision -------------------------------- 78 Declarations of intention referred for report ______________---------_12 Reports submitted on declaration of intention or applications considered Sas declarations _- ____ as ecaraios--------------------------------------__---__--10 10 Declarations of intention still under investigation__------------------- 4 At the end of the fiscal year 29 preliminary permits and 35 licenses, all except 1 for major projects, were under supervision of the Corps of Engineers. This total is about 41 per cent of the number of major projects under license or permit before the commission on June 30, 1928. The total estimated installation capacity of the projects is 12,192,000 horsepower, or about 54 per cent of the capacity of all similar cases before the commission. Reports have been submitted on four important cases on the Cum- berland River, Ky., on which no action has been taken by the com- mission, and at the instance of the commission action on eight cases in the Tennessee River Basin is awaiting primary action by the State authorities to determine conflicts and to decide on the advisabilitiy of issuance of certificates of convenience and necessity. The War Department had assigned for duty with the commission during the fiscal year 3 engineer officers, 1 being detailed as chief engineer of the commission, 1 officer of the Judge Advocate General's department as chief counsel, 2 civilian engineers, 1 chief accountant, 1 chief draftsman, and 5 clerks, all of whom were on duty at the end of the fiscal year, making a total of 13 of the 33 employees of the commission. The necessary expenses of transportation and subsistence of per- sonnel engaged in investigations and the cost of supervision under the provisions of the Federal water power act are paid from appro- priations made for the Federal Power Commission. All other costs of administration of the laws in question are paid in accordance with the provisions of section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, from any funds available for the improvement, maintenance, and operation or care of waterways or harbors affected, or, if such funds are not available, then from any funds available for examina- tions, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors. During the fiscal year funds were alloted as follows for the investi- gation of water-power projects in cooperation with the Federal Power Commission and the supervision .of operations under water- power permits and licenses: From appropriations for the commission------------------------- $4, 209.08 From appropriations for works of river and harbor improvements___ 28, 015. 25 Total --------------------------------------------------- 32, 224. 33 The department also has under supervision 43 power projects con- structed under authority of acts of Congress prior to the creation of the Federal Power Commission, with an installed capacity of about 830,000 horsepower. ELECTRIC POWER SURVEY OF THE UNITED STATES A survey of the electric power plants and resources of the United States was commenced during the fiscal year 1922, under authority REMOVING SUNKEN VESSELS 2009 of the national defense act of June 4, 1920, to obtain information and to develop plans that will enable the Nation to utilize to the utmost all available electric power in time of war, and assure the fairest and most efficient distribution to industries in work essential to the prosecution of hostilities. During the World War the Gov- ernment established a measure of control over electric power, as described in War Department Document No. 1039, " The Power Situation During the War." The present survey is based upon and is planned in furtherance of the lessons therein set forth. The work has been handled during the past year in the office of the Chief of Engineers. The plan adopted is to collect data on existing power companies of over 5,000 kilowatts capacity; to establish contact with the principal men in the power-production business; to seek the coop- eration of producers in so planning their extensions and new devel- opments as best to meet war-time needs; to ascertain the possibilities of increased power development in combination with navigation improvement, flood control, or otherwise; and to ascertain the best system for the Government to adopt for developing power resources and for administering power distribution in a national emergency. Especial emphasis is being laid on close cooperation with large power producers and interests, as it is realized that only in this manner can a successful system be devised. Duplication of work done by other Government bureaus is being avoided, and every effort is made to utilize existing data to the fullest extent practi- cable. This study is not taking the form of costly field investiga- tions but is being conducted by personal conferences and correspond- ence with power producers at slight cost beyond occasional trips to large power centers. In accordance with the plan previously approved by the Assistant Secretary of War the country has been divided into 11 territorial power zones for peace-time investigation and war-time administra- tion, and the work in each power zone is now under the direction of a division or district engineer located therein. ESTABLISHMENT OF HARBOR LINES Under authority given to the Secretary of War in section 11 of the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1899, harbor lines have been established or modified during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1928, at the following localities: Coos Bay, Oreg.; Delaware River at Trenton, N. J., and Morrisville, Pa.; Eastern Branch of Elizabeth River at Norfolk, Va.; Hackensack River at Ridge field Park, N. J.; Hackensack River at Bogota, N. J.; Hackensack River at Gas Works Creek, N. J.; Jamaica Bay at Coney Island, N. Y.; Jamaica Bay at Fresh Creek Basin, N. Y.; Mamaroneck Harbor, N. Y.; Maumee River at Toledo, Ohio; Morehead City Harbor, N. C.; Newtown Creek, N. Y.; Ohio River at Steubenville, Ohio; San Diego Bay near DutchFlats at San Diego, Calif.; San Diego Bay at North Island, Calif.; Sandy Hook Bay and Shrewsbury River, N. J.; Youngs Bay at Astoria, Oreg. REMOVING SUNKEN VESSELS OR CRAFT OBSTRUCTING OR ENDAN- GERING NAVIGATION Sections 19 and 20 of the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1899, authorize the Secretary of War to remove any sunken vessel, 2010 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 boat, water craft, raft, or other similar obstruction endangering or obstructing navigation in the navigable waters of the United States. By order of the Secretary of War dated January 20, 1905, the dis- trict engineers, Engineer Department at Large, are charged with local responsibility for such work as agents of the Secretary of War. Under a plan approved by the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Treasury in March, 1913, provision is made for cooperation of the Coast Guard with district engineers in the execution of that duty. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1928, 145 sunken vessels and obstructive craft were removed at a cost of $381,914.50. SUPERVISION OF THE HARBOR OF NEW YORK Supervisor.-Capt. K. M. Bennett, United States Navy, July 1 to July 15, '1927; Capt. Thos. C. Hart, United States Navy, July 16 to October 5, 1927; Capt. C. E. Courtney, United States Navy, since that date. Under the provisions of section 5 of the act of June 29, 1888,. entitled "An act to prevent obstructive and injurious deposits within the harbor and adjacent waters of New York City by dumping or otherwise and to punish and prevent such offenses " (25 Stats. 209), a line officer of the Navy is designated to discharge, under the direc- tion of the Secretary of War, the duties created by the act. On May 23, 1889, the Secretary of War directed that all communications in connection with these duties be addressed to him through the office of the Chief of Engineers, and on February 1, 1890, he further directed that the powers conferred upon him by the act be exercised through the Chief of Engineers. LIST OF WORKS AND DUTIES Page Page Notices ------------------- 2011-2018 Floating plant 2015-2021 .------------ Material moved ---------------- 018 Office ------------------ 2016-2021 Patrol.------------------- 2014-2020 Reporting violations of law___ 2021 Ohecking ----------------- 2015-2020 Oil pollution ____________ 2017 Location and desc'ipion.-The jurisdiction of the supervisor ex- tends to the tidal waters of the harbor of New York and its adjacent and tributary waters and those of Long Island Sound. For latest published map of the tidal waters of Long Island Sound and Fishers Island Sound see United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 52 and 1108. For latest published map of the tidal waters of New York Harbor and tributary waters, Newark Bay, Staten Island Sound, etc., see United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 52, 369, and 1108; and for the Hudson River to Troy, see United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 281-284 and 369. Original coEition.-Formerly New York Harbor suffered such extensive deterioration from the indiscriminate dumping of dredg- ings, garbage, ashes, and cinders from steam vessels and other waste matter in every part of the harbor and the waters connected with it that it was found necessary in numerous instances to dredge and remove waste material from important channels at considerable expense to the United States. SUPERVISION OF THE HARBOR OF NEW YORK 2011 Previous projeets.-Supervision of the harbor was authorized and the office of supervisor was created by the act of Congress approved June 29, 1888 (25 Stats. 209), mentioned above. Subsequent laws prescribing his duties are described in a general way on pages 1891 and 1892, Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1925, and are listed hereinafter under " Existing project." The total expenditures to June 30, 1928, were $3,676,475.46. Existing project.-The laws and orders authorizing the existing plan of operations are as follows: June 29, 1888: Act of Congress (25 Stats. 209). May 23, 1889: Order of Secretary of War that communications on subjects of supervision be addressed to him through the Chief of Engineers. February 1, 1890: Order of Secretary of War that powers conferred on him concerning supervision be exercised through the Chief of Engineers. August 18, 1894: Act of Congress, section 2 (28 Stats. 360), prescribing that it shall be unlawful to engage in fishing or dredging for shellfish in any of the channels leading to or from the harbor, or to interfere in any way with safe navigation of those channels by steamships and shipd of deep draft, and giving the supervisor power to enforce the act. May 28, 1908: Act of Congress (35 Stats. 426). Prescribes method of mark- ing craft engaged in transporting dredgings and offensive material, the installa- tion of life-line and life-saving equipment on such craft, and the keeping of a list of men employed on the craft; amends provisions of section 3 of act of June 29, 1888, relative to obtaining permits for dumping; extends powers of supervisor to include arrest, with or without process, of persons violating provi- sions of the act; also to arrest witnesses to unlawful dumping; also to board craft for purposes of enforcing the law; also to enter for discovery purposes gas and oil works and other manufacturing works when there is good reason to believe that certain prohibited material is allowed to run into the harbor in violation of law. February 16, 1909: Act of Congress (35 ftats. 623). Amends provision of act of May 28, 1908, relative to marking of craft. October 17, 1917: Order of Secretary of War (War Department Bulletin No. 58) authorizing and directing the supervisor to take action for enforcing regulations for a restricted area in waters southeasterly of Sandy Hook to permit the testing of war material. June 10, 1919: Order of Secretary of War (War Department Bulletin No. 20) regarding supervision of "restricted areas." Limits restriction to Tuesdays and Thursdays. June 7, 1924: Act of Congress ("Oil pollution act, 1924," effective September 7, 1924, Public, No. 238, 68th, Cong.) to prevent the illegal discharge of oil from shipping in coastal navigable waters of the United States. The principal operations may be conveniently grouped under the following headings: (A) Issuance of notices. (B) Establishment of dumping grounds and limits. (C) Patrol. (D) System of checking. (E) Floating plant. (F) Office. (G) Oil pollution. The general details of the work are as follows: (A) ISSUANCE OF NOTICES Notices regarding the laws relating to the dumping of material in the harbor and adjacent waters of New York City are distributed from time to time, as necessity suggests, to various steamship com- panies, dredging contractors, and others engaged in handling mate- 2012 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 rial in the harbor, and are also posted in public places. The atten- tion of parties concerned is thus brought to the, law and regulations. (B) ESTABLISHMENT OF DUMPING GROUNDS AND LIMITS Dumping grounds at entrance to harbor.-Limits have been des- ignated from time to time, as described in pages 1636 and 1637 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1915. The present limits are as follows: For material mixed with stone, up to size commonly known as "one-man stones," not less than 3 nautical miles southeast of Scotland Lightship and in not less than 15 fathoms of water. For material containing floatable matter, not garbage or mixed with garbage or other offensive material, at a point not less than 4 nautical miles east- southeast of Scotland Lightship, in not less than 17 fathoms of water. For material containing stones of larger dimensions, commonly known as "derrick stones," at a point not less than 6 nautical miles southeast by east of Scotland Lightship, in not less than 19 fathoms of water. On June 24, 1923, the dumping ground for this class of material was changed to the loca- tion described above on account of shoaling at the 4-mile dumping ground previously used. For sewerage sludge, not less than 8 nautical miles east-southeast from Scotland Lightship. For poisonous material and explosives, temporary dumping grounds have been established at from 15 to 25 miles southeast of Scotland Lightship, de- pending upon the character of the material, each individual case being given special consideration. In all such cases certificates are required from the responsible persons in charge that the material has actually sunk. The opera- tion as a rule is supervised by a deputy inspector. For city garbage from April 1, 1927 to October 1, 1927, 20 nautical miles south- east by east from Scotland Lightship; from October 1, 1927, to April 1, 1928, 12 nautical miles southeast by east magnetic from Scotland Lightship; thereafter 20 nautical miles southeast by east from the lightship. For the city street sweepings, a considerable percentage of which goes to sea in the garbage scows, the same limits as were assigned for the deposit of the garbage were designated for this class of material during the periods specified. The sweepings consist of rubbish and light material apt to bridge when the dumper doors are opened and, as it is then impracticable to wind them up tightly, more or less debris escapes from the dumpers on the way back to the harbor. The supervisor has persistently endeavored to bring about the adoption of a more satisfactory method of! disposal, and with the completion of the several new incinerators under construction, or projected by the city within the next two years, the greater part of the consumable rubbish will be disposed of in them. Soundings are frequently taken in the vicinity of the dumping grounds by patrol vessels to insure that plenty of depth is maintained. Material dredged from Ambrose, Gedney, and other channels by United States dredges operating under United States Army Engineer officers is deposited under their supervision. Ashes and rubbish from small craft plying the harbor.-The city charter provides for placing and maintaining receiving scows at such points as the supervisor may designate. Four have been in place during the current year. Easily accessible locations for such scows are difficult to secure, and the expense of maintenance is large. Many towing vessels and other small steam craft plying the harbor are required to dispose of their ashes at scows at the city dumps along the water front, of which there are 22 available. SUPERVISION OF THE HARBOR OF NEW YORK 2013 Floating ddbris and logs.-Where wharves or docks are under con- struction or where the removal of cribwork or piles is involved, the supervisor's office keeps as strict a supervision over the work as its facilities will allow and requires the responsible persons to remove such timbers to shore or to raft them. All of the patrol vessels have instructions to secure any large logs or floating derelicts coming under their observation and to tow them to some point out of the fairways. By present regulations the removal of floating d6bris and logs is under the jurisdiction of the district engineer, first New York district. Gar'bage.-The garbage of the city was formerly disposed of by reduction at plants situated on Barren Island, Jamaica Bay, and on Staten Island. The Barren Island plant was destroyed by fire in 1917, and the Staten Island plant ceased operation about November, 1918. They were always objectionable to the people in their neigh- borhood. About eight years ago, at the request of the New York City commissioner of street cleaning and at the urgent solicitation of the commissioner of health, the supervisor authorized the disposal of city garbage at sea as a temporary measure. The greater part of this waste is disposed of in this manner, but the city government has completed and placed several incinerating plants in operation and is engaged on a program of incinerator construction that contem- plates the abandonment of dumping garbage at sea. Through the cooperation of the Health Department of New York City, the supervisor is informed. by telephone when any quantity of imported fruit, vegetables, etc., is condemned by health inspectors and on what vessel such condemned material is to be transported to sea for disposition. The supervisor issues definite instructions to the shipmaster as to the minimum distance from the coast at which the material can be discharged, and requires him to enter in his official log book the geographical position of point of discharge. This has resulted in keeping great quantities of garbage waste from being washed onto the beaches. Experience indicates that garbage dumped at sea, no matter at what distance from shore, is liable to wash up on the beaches. In addition, the towing of such material through the harbor is highly objectionable. At present five deputy inlspectors, whose salaries are reimbursed to the supervisor by the contractor doing the towing for the city, accompany each tow and file a certificate that the deposit was made at the point designated on the permit for the final disposition of garbage. This method has operated thus far quite satisfactorily. It is highly probable a great deal of garbage is dumped at or in- side the harbor entrance by the enormous tonnage passing in and out of New York, and also that the local floating equipment throws more or less garbage overboard. Every attempt is being made to stop this practice through extensive circularizing of steamship lines and through constant inspection. Dumping in Hudson River, Long Island Sound, and in kills and bays around Staten Island.-During the summer months much, dredging is carried on to maintain channels to brickyards, ice houses, small manufactories, and other plants. Permits are issued for the disposition of such dredging spoil either on shore, above high-water 2014 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 mark and behind bulkheads, or at such points in deep waters of the locality as may prove least injurious and may meet with the approval of the United States engineer officer in charge of the district. (0) PATROL The project contemplates the maintenance of a constant patrol at the mouth of the harbor, days and nights, Sundays and holidays, with one vessel stationed at the Narrows to collect permits from vessels passing to sea and to observe the condition of loading, and another cruising at the dumping grounds, to again note loading con- ditions and to keep tows under observation until the material is discharged at the prescribed point. The outside patrol vessel also sees to the enforcement of the pro- visions of the act of August 18, 1894, requiring the main channels to be kept free from small craft engaged in fishing or dredging for shellfish or in any way interfering with the safe navigation of these channels by ocean steamships or other vessels of deep draft. Strict water-front inspection is found necessary for the reason, among others, that contractors largely depend upon the lessees of water-front dumps and of scows to dispose of debris and excavated material, including a large amount of what is termed " cellar dirt," which is most injurious to the channels. No method has thus far been found for obtaining reports of loading from such lessees, and such operations consequently necessitate frequent inspections along the water front to ascertain the condition of the loads of the dumpers at the various dumping boards. Otherwise the dumpers might easily be hauled out in the stream during a fog or at night, the loads dis- charged, and the empty dumpers returned to the dumping boards ready for reloading. It is believed that such was the common prac- tice previous to the inauguration of strict water-front inspection. It occasionally happens also that there are contracts of considerable magnitude involving the transportation of material in the harbor, and where the parties interested fail to realize the advantage both to them and to the public of reporting operations to the supervisor. Such cases necessitate frequent inspections of the work and the filing of reports concerning light and loaded dumpers. Continual inspec- tion is also necessary of piers, shipping, and shore plants to prevent the throwing overboard of accumulated rubbish and waste resulting from the loading and unloading of cargoes, and the discharge of waste oil and sludge into navigable waters, One of the patrol vessels consequently inspects the water front, making reports of all scows or barges, loaded or light, occulting under observation, and also makes inspections as occasion requires on the Hudson River and Long Island Sound. A launch is used for pa- trolling Staten Island Kills, Newark Bay, Passaic River, and vari- ous shallow tributaries, and investigating pier building and other operations where the depth of water is insufficient for the larger inspection boats. All patrol vessels maintain constant supervision over shipping and shore plants with respect to violations of the "oil pollution act, 1924," prohibiting the discharge of oil on the navigable waters of the United States. SUPERVISION OF THE HARBOR OF NEW YORK 2015 Two inspectors inspect the piers, shipping, and shore plants along the water front to note or warn against violations of the laws which the supervisor administers. As required by the provisions bf the acts of Congress of May 28, 1908, and February 16, 1909, a strict surveillance is kept over the marking, equipment, etc., of scows or boats engaged in the transpor- tation of dredgings. (D) SYSTEM OF CHECKING The plan of checking includes comparison of the quantity of ma- terial deposited, as shown by permits issued and collected, with the quantity gathered for transportation on the waters of the harbor, or actually being transported, as shown by the reports of the patrol vessels, and also as shown by such reports as can be obtained from those for whom dredging or excavation work is being done. Daily reports are made by the patrol vessels, and blank form " Re- ports of loading " with return franked envelopes are issued gratis to all for whom dredging work is being done, including private parties, corporations, and municipal, State, and Federal agencies and departments. Through the courtesy of the Lighthouse Department a daily re- port is made to the supervisor by the master of Scotland Lightship, giving the time, and, when practicable, the names of all tows passing his station. This furnishes a valuable check on the reports of the patrol vessels. The comparison of reports and permits affords a means of ascer- taining whether material has been lost in transit through illegal dumping or otherwise. Any discrepancy between the condition of a load as it reaches the dumping ground and its condition as shown by the permit collected by the inside patrol vessel, or by other sources of information, is noted, and the owner of the tug or the applicant for the permit is given an opportunity to make explanation. If the explanation is unsatisfactory, such further action is taken by the supervisor as circumstances warrant. In all cases where the checking system is inapplicable or can not be fully carried out, special efforts are made to the extent of the available force at the disposal of the supervisor, by frequent in- spections, to enforce the law. As might be expected in cases where the checking system is not complete, quite a number of technical or minor violations can not be referred to the courts, because of lack of the conclusive evidence necessary in criminal proceedings. Where persistent or willful disregard for law and regulations is evident, the facts are reported to the United States district attorneys for such action as they may deem proper. (E) FLOATING PLANT The floating plant consists of five steam tugs and one launch. The volume of material moved and deposited under supervision has gradually increased and for the past fiscal year was approximately 65per cent greater than the amount deposited in 1917. An additional burden is placed upon the floating plant by the necessity of detecting 14710---ENG 1.928-----127 2016 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 28 and preventing the pollution of the waters by discharge of oil from shipping and from shore plants. The services of another tug are urgently necessary to bring the floating plant to the strength needed to efficiently cope with the work due to increase in volume of waste material moved and to the extra supervision necessary to prevent oil pollution. The patrol vessels must remain at sea during severe weather, as illegal dumping is then most likely to occur. It is therefore neces- sary to keep the fleet in the highest state of efficiency. This becomes more difficult as time passes, due to the age of the patrol vessels and to the fact that, other things being equal, the longer a vessel is in commission the greater her cost of upkeep. The boilers, machinery, and hulls are inspected by the United States local steamboat inspectors. (F) OFFIC The force, consisting of chief clerk and four clerks, issues per- mits upon applications duly filed, keeps a record of all applications and permits, records all reports of loading and disposition of ma- terials, issues proposals for supplies and repair, attends to and files correspondence, keeps the property record, regulates tours of duty of the patrol vessels, prepares vouchers, and disburses funds. Whenr violations of law are discovered the results of the investigations, if so warranting, are referred for action to the United States district attorney of the district wherein the violation occurred. Recommended modiflcation :of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The city authorities and private persons co- operating with the supervisor to the extent of furnishing " Reports : of loading," showing the number of pockets loaded or partly loaded at the close of each day's work. These facilitate the work of de- tecting the loss from leakage or other causes of material in transit. In cases of violations of law, private individuals are reluctant to appear, however, as witnesses. The evidence must usually be fur- nished by the crews of patrol vessels. The city authorities cooperated as described under the heading "Ashes and rubbish from small craft plying the harbor," by the maintenance at localities designated by the supervisor of deck scows for the use of vessels wishing to discharge ashes or rubbish. Four have been provided during the year. The city is required by its charter to maintain at least two scows. The health department of the city also cooperated as described under the heading "Garbage," in reporting immediately to the supervisor's office any quantities of fruit, vegetables, etc., condemned by them in inspection of imported cargoes. This materially assists the supervisor in designating specific positions for dumping such waste on its retransportation to sea for discharge. In pursuance of suggestions advanced by the supervisor, a number of yacht clubs in the vicinity of New York have arranged for the collection and disposition, at their own expense, of the waste from the numerous pleasure craft which normally anchor in the vicinity of the yacht clubs during the summer season, and have thus reduced the complaints from near-by localities utilized as pleasure resorts by great masses of people. SUPERVISION OF THE HARBOR 1I Nf W 'YOK ;:1 2017 Effect of supervision.-Experience has shown that a relaxation of a strict patrol is sure to result in injury to channels, by illegal dumping and has emphasized the necessity of the drastic measures of their protection enacted by Congress. Enormous amounts of material are daily carried to sea by people who have little hesita- tion in dumping anywhere if they are not watched. The distance to the; point of disposition varies from 25 to 40 miles, and the character of the material is a powerful incentive to get rid of it as quickly and with as little expense as possible. The increase in the cost of hiring dumpers and scows and in the charges for tow- ing to sea, together with the increased cost of labor rfiori operating dredges and excavating material, increase the incentive to dispose of it surreptitiously; probably not directly by owner 'or operators, but by subordinates in their zealous efforts to keep an empty dumper alongside the dredge or to keep empty scows alongside the dump- ing boards for reloading. It is apparent that an efficient patrol was never more needed than at the present time, and that any relaxation thereof would prove disastrous and would probibly result in blocking the channels to an extent which would make them inacces- sible to the trans-Atlantic steamers. There seems, however, to be a gratifying effort on the part of contractors to comply with the law. (G) OIL POLLUTION Oil pollution is in general from one of the following' sources: Oil-burning ships, dockyards, oil companies' plants, industrial plants, refueling ships, and city sewers. Detection of the parties responsible for' discharging, oil or oil refuse into the waters of the harbor is a difficult rimatter. For example, tankers and fuel-oil burners find it desirable to blow out their tanks in order to get rid of refuse oil and sedintrit. This is usually done with live steam, and if the operation 'takes place at night and the discharge is below the surface of the water, the tracing of responsibility for the act becomes practically impossible unless evidence can be obtained from some one on board the vessel. Fur- thermore, such refuse is discharged as a rule at points not within the field of observation of the supervisor's force while engaged in the work for which it was created by Congress. Shore establishments, particularly gas plants, discharge their oil refuse at night when it is extremely difficult to detect violations. The oil companies and a number of industrial plants have expended considerable money in establishing oil separators and other methods to prevent pollution. For handling the refuse from vessels several oil salvage companies have been formed and appear to be operating with success. The oil pollution from city sewers is due to the failure of garages and other plants to clean their separators. :This matter is under municipal regulation and inspections are supposed to be made by the police authorities at intervals, but it is undoubtedly true that large numbers of separators continue to overflow into the drains and thence into the sewer system, with the result that almost every sewer emptying into the East and North Rivers carries oil from this source, 2018 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 as well as oil drippings flowing into the sewers from the enormous motor traffic of the city streets. Strict supervision of the separators and the enforcement of the law by the municipal authorities would prevent practically all of the pollution from garages and other plants. The situation has been greatly improved during the past six years by the cooperation of oil companies, industrial plants using oil, and shipping companies, and unremitting efforts on the part of the supervisor's office to detect and punish violators of the law. The enactment by Congress of the "oil pollution act, 1924," effec- tive September 7, 1924, has had an appreciable effect upon shipping in restricting the surreptitious discharge of oil waste from that source. The provisions of section 5 of this act, which gives authority to the board of local inspectors to suspend or revoke a license issued by any such board to the master or other licensed officer of any ves- sel found violating the provisions of the act, has had a salutary effect in curtailing the illegal discharge of oil by vessels of American registry in the vicinity of New York. Operations and results during fiscal year-Notiees.-Notices in the form of copies of the law were distributed from time to time during the past fiscal year for the information and guidance of all concerned. A special notice giving the provisions of Federal law concerning penalties for the discharge of refuse, debris, sludge, acid, oil, or similar matter in the harbor or its adjacent waters, and calling atten- tion also to the rewards offered to informers, was widely circulated. Large quantities of garbage and other refuse have heretofore been thrown overboard in the vicinity of Ambrose Channel Light Vessel by the steamships that enter and leave New York Harbor in large numbers. Under date of July 10, 1925, a special circular letter was addressed to all ocean-going steamship companies operating in and out of New York, reiterating the provisions of the law and the penalties for violations, and inviting attention to the fact that under the so-called police power, and also under admiralty jurisdiction, the authority of the Federal Government extends beyond the marine league a distance sufficient to protect dredged channels and to pre- vent contamination of coasts. The steamship companies were there- fore directed to instruct the personnel of their vessels not to dis- charge overboard within 25 miles of Ambrose Channel Lightship accumulated ashes, rubbish, or ballast water containing oil. Letters of similar import were circulated to all inland transportation com- panies and to all yacht clubs within the limits of the jurisdiction of the supervisor of the harbor. Gratifying support and cooperation were manifested in response to these letters, and an improvement in conditions resulted. Iaterial moved.-- The amount of material moved and deposited under supervision was 25,688,027 cubic yards, making the grand total from 1890 to June 30, 1928, 730,074,514 cubic yards. The num- ber of permits issued during the year was 7,109, the average number of tows daily to sea 16, and the average number of scows daily to sea 33. Details concerning the material moved at different localities are as follows: SUPERVISION OF THE HARBOR OF NEW YORK 2019 AMOUNT OF MATERIAL DEPOSITED (CUBIC YAenS) Material deposited at the mouth of the harbor under supervision: From 1890 to 1927----------------- ---------------- -- 431, 704, 26$ Fiscal year 1928-- Dredging from Raritan Bay, Anchorage Channel, Arthur Kill (N. J.) Channel, Bay Ridge, Red Hook Channels, and Jersey City, water front_ 4, 576, 733 Other United States Government work------------ 893, 695 Total resulting from Government work --- 5, 470, 428 Other material ---------------------------- 8,527, 380 Total for fiscal year 1928 13, 997, 808 ___________----------_ Total from 1890 to 1928_-- --------- __-__--- 445, 702,073 Material deposited behind bulkheads under supervision : From 1890 to 1927_ _________-___-_____________ 219, 821, 682 Fiscal year 1928--------- ___--___-______ _ 9, 075, 883 Total------- ------------------------------- 228, 897, 565 Deposited under supervision, garbage, dead animals, etc., at Barren Island for reduction-- From date of operation of garbage-reduction plant in 1897 to June 30, 1927-- ----- __ ---- __ --- ____- 5,327, 546 Fiscal year 1928 ..... Total---------- --- --------------------- 5, 327, 546 Deposited in Hudson River at points agreed upon with the United States district engineer- From 1907 to June 30, 1927_- -------- _______ ___ 3, 825, 010 Fiscal year 1928------------------------------------ 300, 926 Total------------------------------------------4, 125, 936 Of this total amount 1,466,035 cubic yards resulted from operations by the United States. Deposited in Long Island Sound, Fishers Island Sound, Block Island Sound, and Little Narragansett Bay- From 1890 to June 30, 1927_________________________ 41, 480, 617 Fiscal year 1928 --------------------------------- 1, 588, 202 Total ----------------------------------------- 43, 068, 819 Deposited in East River, N. Y.- Stone resulting from operations of the United States- From 1890 to June 30, 1927----------___ -------- 881, 954 Fiscal year 1928 474, 107 Clay, sand, and stone over line of East River tunnels-- Fiscal years 1916, 1919, 1927________ ____________ , 345, 413 1___ Fiscal year 1928--------------- -_________ 251, 101 Total------------------ ------ 2,952, 575 Total amount deposited under supervision at sea, Long Island Sound, Fishers Island Sound, Block Island Sound, Little Narragansett Bay, Hudson and East Rivers, behind bulk- heads, and at Barren Island since establishment of office of supervisor to June 30, 1927 "_________ __________ _ 704, 386, 487 Total amount deposited during the fiscal year 1928 ---------- 25, 688, 027 Total---------_---- - ___-_ 730, 074, 514 The records show that the amount of material moved upon the waters of the harbor of New York under the jurisdiction of the 2020 REPQRT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 supervisor had increased from 9,711x141 cubic yards during the fiscal year 1890 to 25,688,027 cubic yards moved during the fiscal year 1928. The material moved during the past fiscal year, consisting of mud, sand, city refuse, garbage, cellar dirt, ashes, and other debris, was deposited outside the harbor at designated places and behind bulk- heads in the neighborhood of New York, as per the following re- capitulation: Place of deposit Kind of material Amount Cubic yards Mouth of harbor, outside of Scotland Mud, sand, city refuse, etc---------- ...............----------........ 13, 997, 808 Lightship. Long Island Sound.............-----------------. Mud, shells, etc................................------------------ 1,580, 736 Fishers Island Sound....---------------...... Mud and sand...........................--------------------------------- 7, 466 Hudson River....................------------------------....do..................................... 300, 926 East River.,,---,---------------- ---- Stone, clay, and riprap-------------------------725, 208 Do--... _------------------------ Mud, dirt, ashes, etc., behind bulkheads and on 2,754, 341 shore for filling. Raritan Bay ......------------------------- do................................---------------------------------------..... . 55 Hudson River-------........-----------------do..... ------------------------------------- 544, 392 Harlem River .....-----------------............--..---..... 1,600 do...............---...........................------ ----..... do----..........-----....--------..---..--.....---------------.. Passaic River......................------..----------..... 4, 200 Newark Bay. .......do.....------------------------------------2, 442, 595 .....------------..------------......... New York Bay---- do--------...----.............--------...----............-----------------... 457, 950 Staten Island Sound.....--.....--..------------......do.....--------......-------..-------...........---------------...... 28, 050 Jamaica Bay ---..--.. .-- ---- do ..... ------------------------------------ 1,896, 250 Hackensack River.....---------------------do...............................-------------------------------------.. 946,450 Total--......-----............................--------------------------------------------------.....-- 25,688,027 Patrol.-- A constant patrol was maintained so far as possible, night and day, of New York Harbor and Bay as far at sea as 5 miles outside of Scotland Lightship. Hudson River and East River were also patrolled. The launch patrolled the waters around Staten Island Sound and the waters of Newark Bay, Passaic, Hackensack, and Raritan Rivers. System of checking.-Operations were continued in accordanice with the plan described under "Existing project." The experience of the year coifirms the belief derived from the experience of pre- vious years-that the work of supervision would be materially aided and evasion of the law would be rendered more difficult by the enact- ment of a statute making it compulsory on all persons engaged in the loading of waste material for transportation on the waters of the harbor to file with the supervisor daily reports of material loaded. This would not necessitate any further collection of data, as they already have it for their own use, but only the making of copies for the supervisor. During the past fiscal year 121 pocket loads, or approximately 18,150 cubic yards, of material in transportation to the dumping grounds by contractors were checked as failing to clear at the proper point of deposit and the scows were kept under surveillance until returned to point of loading for remeasurement before loading. Two deputy inspectors make daily tours of inspection along the water front, visiting ships, piers, etc., and in general maintain super- vision over existing conditions, their total number of visits being 8,455 during the past fiscal year. During the summer months inspections were made at least weekly of the Long Island coast as far east as Fire Island and of the New SUPERVISION OF THE HARBOR OF NEW YORK 2021 Jersey coast as far south as Sea Girt, and frequent inspections were made of the Staten Island beaches. The cost of operating the vessels and of the work of the office for the fiscal year was $177,336.75. During the fiscal year various vessels were laid up for docking and repairs as necessity required. The Lookout was hauled out dur- ing the winter months in accordance with routine and for minor repairs. Office.-Operations were continued in accordance with the plan described under Emisting project (F). Numerous violations of law were reported to the proper United States attorneys for prosecution. Details are as follows: ACTIONS TO END OF FISCAL YEAR 1928 FOR VIOLATIONS OF ACT OF JUNE 29, 1888, AND ITS AMENDMENTS Number of cases reported to United States attorneys for prosecution: Prior to fiscal year 1928------------ ---------------------- 601 During fiscal year 1928------------- ----------------------- 16 Total--- - -617 Number of convictions obtained or casese settled by compromise: Prior to fiscal year 1928 ----------------------- 470 During fiscal year 1928--------------------------- 12 Total---------------------------------------------------482 Total 482 Number of cases nolle prossed or discontinued: Prior to fiscal year 1928 ------------------------------------ 102 During fiscal year 1928----- --- ----------------------------- 3 Total -------------------------------------------------- 105 Number of cases dismissed after trial: Prior to fiscal year 1928------------------------------------- 6 During fiscal year 1928.__.-------------- - - - 0 Total-------------------------------- ------ 6 Number of cases pending June 30, 1928 -- ----------- 24 Total -------------------------------------------------- 617 ACTIONS TO END OF FISCAL YEAR 1928 FOR VIOLATIONS OF ACT OF MAY 28, 1908 None. Condition at the end of the fiscal year-General.-Thetotal amount of material disposed of under supervision since 1890 is 730,074,514 cubic yards. Of this amount 483,594,950 cubic yards were deposited 'in navigable waters adjacent to New York City and in Long Island Sound. Floating plant.-The Lamont, built in 1895, has been in continu- ,ous service for 33 years. The hull and motive power of this vessel has reached such a stage of deterioration that it is no longer -economy to make the extensive repairs necessary to keep her in serv- Ice. Her maximum speed, about 8 miles per hour, is such that she has difficulty in maneuvering in the tideway, going alongside and 2022 REPORT OF CHIIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIIY, 1928 inspecting the various tows over which this office has supervision. During the past fiscal year recommendation was made to the Chief of Engineers and authority granted to procure a new boat for her replacement. Plans and specifications are being prepared for the construction of the vessel authorized and it is expected that it will be completed toward the close of the next fiscal year. Meantime the services of the Lamont are being utilized for patrol duty and every effort will be made to keep her in operation until the new vessel is ready for service. The Scout, built in 1896, has been in continual service for 31 years and will soon have to be replaced. It is believed that with patching she may be kept in operation for about two years. The Vigilant, built in 1900, has been in continual use for 28 years. She is in generally fair condition and will be overhauled at an early date. The Cerbers, built in 1905, has been in continual service for 23 years. Her condition is generally fair. Necessary repairs will be accomplished at an-early date. The San Luis was built in 1911. She has recently been overhauled and her present condition is good. The Lookout (launch), built in 1896, is in fair condition. She was repaired during the current fiscal year, but the time is coming when she should be replaced. Proposed operations.-(a) The funds available, amounting to $218,157.32, will be expended in accordance with the existing project for maintenance and operation of the patrol system and for the work of the office, as follows: For pay of inspectors, deputy inspectors, crews, and office force, and for maintenance of patrol fleet and expenses of office: Salaries, wages, and subsistence__-__- - -- __-___-_ $111, 440 Fuel (coal, oil, water, and gasoline) ------------------------- 35, 100 Docking and repairs----------------- ---------------- 57, 000 Wharfage and office rent ----------------------------------- 4, 000 Supplies, general ----------------------------------------- 9, 000 Stationery, office supplies, and miscellaneous_ -__-______-____ 1, 617 Total---- ----- ----------------------------------- 218, 157 (b) The approximate date when it is estimated funds will be ex- hausted is June 30, 1929. (c) The amount which can be, profitably expended for the service for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, is as follows: For pay of inspectors, deputy inspectors, crews, and office force, and for maintenance of patrol fleet, and expenses of office------------ $174,360 It is proposed to expend this amount in a general way, as follows: Salaries, wages, and subsistence- -------------- - - $111, 440 Fuel (coal, oil, water, and gasoline) ______________----------35, 100 Docking and repairs ----------------------------- 13, 220 Wharfage and office rent_ ------------------- __------------- 4, 000 Supplies, general , 000 9---------------------- Stationery, office supplies, and miscellaneous_-------------------- 1, 600 Total ----------------------------------------------- 174, 360 SUPERVISION OF THEE HARBOR OF NEW YORK 2023 Cost and flnancial sunmmary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928-------------------- ------------- Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 -------------------- $3, 676, 475. 46 Net total expenditures_-----------------------------3, 676, 475. 40 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928_------------------------- 223, 219. 09 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928_ -__ __--3, 899, 694. 55 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work.....--------------------------------------------------------------- Cost of maintenance..---------.... $181,470.86 ....-----------..--------.......--------------------------- Total expended_...................... $153, 544. 41 $229, 424. 49 $153, 945.20 $161,024.171 181, 470.86 Allotted-...-...... -.-................. 325, 000. 00 178, 820. 00 220,000. 00 175,000. 00 174,360.00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927----------------------- --- $230,329.95 Amount alloted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928------------- --------- ------------------- 174, 360. 00 Net amount to be accounted for-------------------- --- 404, 689. 95 Gross amount expended--------------------------- $181,485.96 Less receipts from sales--------------- ---------- 15. 10 181, 470. 86 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928 --------------------- 223, 219. 09 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928-------------------------- 5, 061.77 Balance available June 30, 1928----------------------- 218, 157. 32 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for maintenance -------------------------------174, 360. 00 APPROPRIATION S Dates and amounts of appropriations for prevention of deposits, harbor of New York Total amount appropriated to and including June 5, 1920 ----- $2, 755, 910. 00 (See detailed statement on page 4088 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, 1920.) Mar: 1, 1921 (deficiency) ------------------------------------ 1, 305. 85 Mar. 4, 1921------------ ------------------------------- 109, 260. 00 June 30, 1922--------- --------------------------------- 109, 260. 00 Mar. 2, 1923------- -------------------------------- 175,000. 00 Allotment from appropriation for "Maintenance and improve- ment of existing river and harbor works, act of June 7, 1924 (supervision of New York Harbor)"----------" -- -210, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act of Feb. 12, 1925-- -- -------------------------------------- 163, 820.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act of Apr. 15, 1926 ------------------------------------- 175, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act of Feb. 23, 1927------------------------------------------174, 360. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act of Mar. 23, 1928 ----------------------------------------- 174, 360. 00 Total------------------------------------------- 4, 048, 275. 85 1 Exclusive of available funds. 2024 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY 19 2 8 ANACOSTIA PARK AND THE RECLAMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ANACOSTIA RIVER AND FLATS FROM THE MOUTH OF THE RIVER TO THE DISTRICT LINE, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA District engineer: Maj. Brehon Somervell, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. W. J. Barden, Corps of Engineers. Location and description.-The Anacostia River rises in Maryland and flows about 20 miles in a southwesterly direction, emptying into the Potomac River at Washington, D. C., about 108 miles above its mouth. The upper 12 miles are nontidal, having an average fall per mile of about 15 feet; the lower 8 miles are tidal, with an average width between banks of approximately one-half mile. Its drainage area is 200 square miles. The low-water fluvial discharge at Bladens- burg (83/4 miles above the mouth of the river) is about 10 second-feet, and the high-water discharge at the same place about 15,000 second- feet. Freshets generally occur in the spring. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 560.) This project relates only to the lower 61/3 miles, which is situated within the District of Columbia. Original condition.-Priorto improvement the channel was narrow and winding, and between the channel and the banks were extensive flats and marshes, which were alternately exposed and flooded by tidal action. In summer the flats were covered with a rank growth of aquatic plants, which prevented a rapid cleansing movement of the tide and caused deposits of mud and filth. The meadows, which were above ordinary high-water level, were flooded at varying in - tervals, whenever the water was raised by flood or easterly winds above normal level, and every depression retained a stagnant pool, a condition most favorable for the development of malaria. The controlling depths at mean low water were 15 feet at Anacostia Bridge, 12 feet at the Philadelphia, Baltimore & Washington Rail- road bridge, 8 feet at Benning Bridge, and 2 feet at the District line. The mean range of tide is 3 feet. The plane of reference is mean low water. Previous projects.-For the part of the project below the Ana- costia Bridge, which is also a river and harbor improvement, see Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1919, page 553, under heading " Existing project." For a description of the previous proj- ects for the improvement extending upstream from the Anacostia Bridge see Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1923, page 1990, under heading " Existing project." Existing project.-This provides for the improvement of the river and for the reclamation and development of the adjacent flats from the mouth of the river upstream to the District of Columbia boundary line, a distance of about 61/3 miles. It is proposed to dredge the river channel to a depth of 15 feet in the section between Anacostia Bridge and Massachusetts Avenue, to a depth of 9 feet from the latter point to Benning Road, and to preserve the present regimen of the stream between Benning Road and the District of Columbia line. The section from the mouth upstream to the Anacostia Bridge was dredged to a depth of 20 feet under a river and harbor project. The dredged material is to be used for fills on the flats and on the islands approximately as follows: At sections between the river and park boundary from elevation +6 at the water edge to +10 at the boundary or shore. ANACOSTIA PARK 2025 At sections between the river and lake from elevation +6 at the water edge to +12 at a mid-point sloping down to +3 at the lake wall. At sections between lake and park boundary from elevation +3 at water edge sloping up to +10 at boundary or shore. On islands from elevation +3 at water edge to +6 or +8 in the center. All dredging to be of such depths as is necessary to balance the fills. To save expense in reclamation dredging about 160 acres of marsh land will be made available for refuse dumping. It is also proposed to construct a constant-level lake or lateral basin on the west side of the river to be known as Lake Kingman and a smaller lake on the east side of the stream. The normal surface elevation of the lakes is to be 2 feet above mean low tide, and they are to be dredged to a depth of 6 feet. A culvert or small bridge is to be constructed over Lake Kingman on the line of Benning Road, and a lock and bridge is to be built at the lower end of Lake Kingman. Influent and effluent gate control works are: to be pro- vided to maintain a constant level in both lakes. Masonry sea walls on a riprap substructure are to be constructed along the tidal channel of the river to extend 6 feet above mean low water; for the lakes the walls are to extend 3 feet above mean low water or 1 foot above the level of the lake. A portion of the reclaimed tract is to be set aside for develop- ment by the Agricultural Department for a national arboretum and botanical garden. A strip of water-front land on the right bank of the river between the Anacostia Bridge and the Pennsylvania Rail- road freight bridge is to be set aside for commercial purposes. The bridges at Benning Road over the main channel are not to be altered. The plane of reference is mean low water. The tidal ranges are: Mean, 3 feet; extreme, 4.5 feet; irregular, 7.5 feet. The estimated cost of the project is $4,125,000 (October, 1923). The existing project is a revised plan prepared by the Board of Engineers in accordance with the following item in the District of Columbia appropriation act approved February 28, 1923: ANACOSTIA RIVER AND FLATS For continuing the reclamation and development of Anacostia Park, $150,000, to be expended below Benning Bridge. The Board of Engineers constituted by Public Act No. 441, approved March 2, 1911, is hereby directed to submit through the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, on the first day of the next regular session of Congress a report on the desirability or undesirability of continuing the said project above Ben- ning Bridge and if it is to be so continued what modifications in existing project above Benning Bridge appear desirable and in the interest of economy. Such report shall include such recommendations with a statement of the facts and shall include detailed estimates of cost under the modifications proposed compared with the estimates under present plans and the decrease in cost as a result of such modifications. The board's report dated November 16, 1923, relative to the mat- ter, is printed in Senate Document No. 37, Sixty-eighth Congress, first session. The project was adopted by the following provision in the act approved June 7, 1924, making appropriations for the government of the District of Columbia for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925. For continuing the reclamation and development of Anacostia Park, in ac- cordance with the revised plan as set forth in Senate Document No1. 37, Sixty- 2026 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY? 1928 eighth Congress, first session, $150,000, of which amount $125,000 shall be available for expenditure below Benning Bridge and not more than $25,000 may be expended above Benning Bridge in the acquirement of necessary land. The acts of Congress authorizing and defining the present plan of improvement are as follows: District of Columbia appropriation act approved March 21, 1911 (36 Stats. 1005) authorizes preparation of plans and commencement of work. District of Columbia appropriation acts approved July 2, 1914 (38 Stats. 549) and March 3, 1917 (39 Stats. 1040), authorize acquisition of lands and assessment of benefits. District of Columbia appropriation act approved March 3, 1915 (38 Stats. 923), authorizes the Chief of Engineers to enter into contracts up to $100,000, exclusive of the amount appropriated. District of Columbia appropriation act approved August 31, 1918 (40 Stats. 950), extends the project to include the section from the mouth upstream to Anacostia Bridge and authorizes the use of previously appropriated funds for the reclamation of this section; designates the entire reclaimed area "Ana- costia Park" and declares it a: part of the park system of the District of Columbia and makes assessments of benefits applicable to the added area. District of Columbia appropriation act approved July 11, 1919 (41 Stats. 99), authorizes, subject to certain restrictions, the taking of immediate possession of property to be acquired by condemnation, upon filing petition. Act making appropriations for the support of the Army, approved June 5, 1920 (41 Stats. 954), designates a portion of reclaimed area " Bolling Field." District of Columbia appropriation act approved February 28, 1923 (42 Stats. 1364), directs a review of the project. District of Columbia appropriation act approved June 7, 1924 (43 Stats. 572), adopts revised project and authorizes the expenditure of not more than $25,000 above Benning Bridge for the acquirement of the necessary land; and the District of Columbia appropriation act approved March 3, 1925 (43 Stats. 1246), contains the same proviso. The District of Columbia appropriation act approved May 10, 1926, author- izes the expenditure of not more than $25,000 above Benning Bridge for the acquirement of necessary land, provided that the purchase price shall not exceed the full-value assessment last made, plus 25 per cent of such assessed value. The District of Columbia appropriation act approved March 2, 1927, author- izes the expenditure of not more than $92,500 above Benning Bridge for the purchase of necessary land, provided that the purchase price shall not exceed the full-value assessment last made, plus 25 per cent of such assessed value. The District of Columbia appropriation act approved May 21, 1928, authorizes the expenditure of $180,000 for continuing the reclamation and development of the park in accordance with the revised plan set forth in Senate Document No. 37, Sixty-eighth Congress, first session. The congressional documents and other reports relating to the improvement are as follows: Report of Board of Engineers, April 29, 1912 (ED-12968/106), on plans for improvement, prepared in accordance with the provisions of the District of Columbia- appropriation act approved March 2, 1911. House Document No. 87, Fifty-fifth Congress, third session. Project of 1898, for improvement of river and reclamation of flats below Anacostia Bridge. House Document No. 1357, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Report of Board of Engineers, 1916, proposing a modification of the project. Senate Document No. 37, Sixty-eighth Congress, first session. Report of Board of Engineers, November 16, 1923, recommending revision of project. The latest published map is found in Annual Report of Chief of Engineers, 1924, at page 1994. Recommended modifictions of project.--None. References to published articles not peviously repored.-None. Local oooperation.-The funds for this project have been appro- priated by the District of Columbia appropriation bills which ANACOSTIA PARK 2027 through the fiscal year ended June 30, 1920, provided for half of the expense to be borne by the District of Columbia. From that date to June 30, 1924, the expense was borne 60 per cent by the District of Columbia and 40 per cent by the United States. Beginning July 1, 1924, the District of Columbia pays all required above the lump sum appropriated from United States revenues. Terminal facilities.-There are no terminal facilities open to the public in the portion of the river covered by the reclamation project, which is all above the Anacostia Bridge. There are two small pri- vately owned wharves located just above the Anacostia Bridge on the city side which are not available to the public. Effect of improvement.-Sections A, C, D, E, and F, on the left bank of Anacostia River, have been fully reclaimed. Sections A and B, known as Bolling Feld, have been set aside for use as a military reservation to be used for aviation purposes. (Act of June 5, 1920, Public No. 251, 66th Cong.) Of section C, 34.5 acres were set aside for a District of Columbia tree nursery (act of May 7, 1926, Public, No. 187, 69th Cong.), and 14.75 acres were set aside for the United States Botanic Garden tree nursery, leaving about 62 acres for park purposes. Section D and part of section C have been transferred to the Director of Public Buildings and Public Parks of the National Capital, and that agency is now carrying on the parking development which will make it available for public recreational use. Navigation has been benefited, as deep-draft vessels now use the area between the Anacostia and PennsylvaniyAvenue Bridges, and a harbor for yachts is provided, relieving crowded conditions in the Washington Harbor. Sanitary conditions between the Anacostia and Benning Bridges have been improved. The reclaimed ground affords space for community gardens and areas for use of the Agri- cultural Department. The city side of sections D and E, which has been set aside for commercial purposes, is partly occupied by boat and yacht clubs, lumber-yard storage, and an Engineer reservation. Part of section F is used as a drill ground by high-school cadets and another section is in use as a ball field. OPERATIONS AND RESULTS DURING FISCAL YEAR The U. S. derrick boat Atlas was engaged from November 2 to December 16, 1927, in banking behind riprap foundation and com- pleted seawall in section F, handling 36,386 cubic yards of material at a cost of $5,087.18. The construction of lock and bridge at entrance to Lake Kingman was completed with hired labor, assisted by United States floating concrete plant and U. S. derrick boat No. 4, except for installation of gates and operating mechanism in the lock, at a cost of $33,071.01. The 15-ton capacity steel derrick boat Benning which was practi- cally completed by the Charleston Dry Dock & Machine Co. of Charleston, S. C., at the close of the last fiscal year was completed and accepted. There were placed 87,241 cubic yards of select and 22,862 cubic yards of miscellaneous refuse material on the dump fills at Benning Road. The cost for inspecton and supervision was $3,429.01. A force of hired labor and United States floating concrete plant were engaged from September 13, 1927, to January 19, 1928, and 2028 R.EPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 April 12 to June 30, 1928, in building the equivalent of 5,742 linear feet of concrete and masonry seawall in Lake Kingman, at a cost of $44,019.67. Payment of accrued costs for previous fiscal year for riprap foun- dations in Lake Kingman, $2,737.91. There was acquired by purchase 55.214 acres of fast land in section G upstream of Benning Bridge, together with 54.734 acres of marsh area lying below the high-water shore line which was deeded to the United States without cost. Condemnation proceedings have been instituted to acquire the remaining land above Benning Bridge, as direct negotiations for the purchase have failed. The cost of land purchased was $69,308.72. All stock and plant, including the derrick boat Benning, owned by this project were transferred to the project Potomac River at Wash- ington, D. C., under authority dated April 12, 1928. The total cost for all work was $157,653.50, the total expenditures during the year, after deducting receipts from sales, were $216.76, all applied to new work. CONDITION AT END OF FISCAL YEAR The table below indicates the work accomplished and expenditures therefor on the project to June 30, 1926. The project is 53.5 per cent completed. The controlling depth below Anacostia Bridge in March, 1925, was 19.2 feet, with a width of 300 feet; between Anacostia Bridge and Pennsylvania Avenue Bridge in August, 1923, it was 15 feet, with a width of 550 feet; between Pennsylvania Avenue Bridge and Penn- sylvania Railroad bridge in July, 1924, it was 15 feet, with a width of 500 feet; between the Pennsylvania Railroad Bridge and Benning Bridge in November, 1925, it was 8 feet, with a width of 300 feet; between the Benning Bridge and the District line in May, 1926, it was 2 feet, with a width of 100 feet, and in Lake Kingman the con- trolling depth was 6 feet at mean low water. Itemized statement of cost and work to June 30, 1928 Items workof Units Cost 1. Study and investigation 2. Reclamation: ---- --- --- --- --- - -- ---- -- - $28, 224. 78 (a) Dredging ...-.................. . .. cubic yards-- 8, 036, 560 749, 297. 14 (b) Dump fills- - -... ---------- _ . 20, 272. 47 3. Sea walls: (a) Channel-foundations ------ ----- linear feet._ 25, 262 334, 539. 73 (b) Channel-masonry_ - - _ do... 24, 424 263,075. 03 (c) Lake and islands-foundations do ...- .....---------------------- 15, 733 167, 151.46 (d) Lake and islands-masonry-------------------------do ... 5, 742 41,297. 81 4. Land..-----------------------------------------acres 175, 976 270, 044. 51 5. Allen Bridge--- - -- --------- --- -- ------- ----- -- 380. 62 6. Plant and repair yard ........ . 7. Lock, bridge, and influents - ......... - ------------ 79, 210. 67 8. Effluent house and connecting cable-......... . 9. Contingencies- __......._ _ _._ . 44,445. 97 10. Engineering and clerical expenses........-------------------------------------------- 209, 207. 03 Total cost----------- ---------- ........ 2, 207, 147. 22 ANACOSTIA PARK 2029 Evpen4itures by fiscal years June 30-- June 30-- 1912 ..... .. .. .. $10, 115. 56 1922....--------------$173, 167. 88 1913 ---------- 13, 312. 74 1923___--172, 777. 10 1914_ __ 107, 469. 50 1924---------------128, 299. 46 1915- 112, 469. 92 1925_ -1179, 319. 23 1916 182, 398. 45 1926 _----------- 119, 155.35 1917___ 156, 017. 64 1927-------------- 210, 583. 52 1918 172, 090. 37 1928----- -__-- _ 216. 76 1919_ 98, 606. 71 1920_ _ _ 239, 399. 49 Total to date . 2, 215, 323. 18 1921------------ 139, 923. 50 PROPOSED OPERATIONS The funds unexpended June 30, 1928, $445,636.82, will be applied as follows: (1) Trenching and banking behind seawalls, section F (Septem- ber, 1928, to January, 1929) ------------------------- $14, 000. 00 (2) Trenching and levee construction, section G (September, 1928, to June, 1929) ----------------------------------- 43, 000. 00 (3) Dredging, section G (March to June, 1929) _-____________-34, 000. 00 (4) Supervision of dump fills (July, 1928, to June, 1929)_'_____ 4, 000.00 (5) Seawall foundations, section F (September, 1928, to June, 1929) ------------------------------------------------ 6,500. 00 (6) Seawall foundations, section G (October, 1928, to June, 1929) 87, 000. 00 (7) Masonry seawall, section F (July, 1928, to June, 1929)-------- 70, 000.00 (8) Purchase and condemnation of land, section G (July, 1928, to June,' 1929) ------------------------------------- 70, 000.00 (9) Construction of culvert under Benning Road (August to De- cember, 1928) ------------ --------------- -------- 75, 000. 00 (10) Construction of effluent, Lake Kingman, section G March to June, 1929)__------------- ----------------------- 22, 000. 00 (11) Contingencies, passing plant under Benning Road, etc__----- 5, 136. 82 (12) Miscellaneous surveys, etc------------------- --- 5, 000. 00 (13) Payment of outstanding liabilities ---------------------- 10, 000. 00 Total _------- --------------------------------- 445, 636. 82 It is expected that the funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1929. The sum of $180,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930, as follows: Trenching and levee construction, section G--------------------- $20, 000 Seawall foundations, section G--------------------------------- 72, 000 Dredging, section G, by United States plant-8,__-_,-.-. 84, 000 Supervision of dump fills_-------------------------------- 4,000 Total--- 000 $---------------- It is proposed to do the above work with Government plant and hired labor. 1After deducting $91.48 received from transfer of old office equipment. 2 After deducting $40,000 received from transfer of dredge Talcott. 3 After deducting $35,000 received from the transfer of derrick boat Atlas. '4After deducting $157,436.74 received from the transfer of stock and plant including the derrick boat Benning. 2030 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. AR1VY, 19 2 8 CONTRACT IN FORCE Construction of steel hull derrick boat Contractor----------- Charleston Dry Dock & Machine Co., ------ Charleston, S. C. Date of contract_---------- - -- Dec. 10, 1926. Date of approval __---------- Jan. 6, 1927. Date of commencement -----------. Jan. 25, 1927. Date fixed for completion-- -- -__-- July 4, 1927. Amount of contract---------------- $65,950.46. Completed at end of fiscal year --- 100 per cent. Final payment made ug. 4, 1927. A------------- Commercial statistics.-Commerce for the calendar year 1927 is reported as 521,640 short tons valued at $7,773,324, the principal items in order of tonnage being sand and gravel, 327,100 tons; petro- leum products, 172,475 tons; riprap stone, 10,815 tons; and naval ordnance and stores, 6,982 tons. All of the commerce passed over the improved section, of which 32 per cent required the increased depth. The increase in tonnage is due principally to the increased receipts in petroleum products. The decrease in value is due to the decrease in receipts and shipments of naval ordnance and stores by the United States navy yard. The range of draft for loaded boats for the principal items, and the proportion of the total tonnage pertaining thereto is as follows: Sand and gravel, 6 to 8 feet, 622/3 per cent; petroleum products, 11/2 to 17 feet, 331/3 per cent; riprap stone, 6 to 8 feet, 22/3; per cent; and naval ordnance and stores, 8 to 20 feet, 11/3 per cent. Comparative statement of traffic Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1923 ...--------- 330, 204 $11,702,265 58, 012 1926---------........ 492, 877 $9,176,101 17, 015 1924........--------- 287, 435 7,551, 750 23, 950 1927-- ..-------...521, 640 7, 773, 324 29, 833 1925- -------_ 374, 720 12, 385, 175 27, 171 C(ost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928--------------------_-- $2, 207, 147. 22 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928....... -- Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928 ----------- 12, 094. 59 Net total cost to June 30, 1928---------------------- 2, 219, 241. 81 Add accounts receivable June 30, 1928- --.-------------------- - 21.08 Gross total costs to June 30, 1928__- ---------- __-2, 219, 262. 89 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928-------------------------- 4, 541.22 Net total expenditures_ -______ ___-_____ __-____- 2, 214, 721. 67 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928_ ------ _,_--_-- 445, 636. 82 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 ------------ 2, 660, 358.49 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work....----------- --------------------------------------------- $157, 653. 50 Cost of maintenance- .-.......... . --. .....- - --.- .... . . Total expended---_-.-.-_-_------_-$128, 299. 46 $219, 319. 23 $119, 246. 83 $245, 583. 52 1216. 76 Appropriated ---........................... 150, 000. 00 193,460.00 170,000. 00 217,500.00 180, 000.00 1After deducting $157,436.74 received from the transfer of stock and plant. AQUEDUCT BRIDGE 2031 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927__-------------------- $265, 853. 58 Amount appropriated by District of Columbia act approved May 21, 1928 -------------------------------------- 180, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for------------------------ 445, 853. 58 Gross amount expended ----------------------- $157, 653. 50 Less receipts from sales-- -------- ___________ 157, 436. 74 216. 76 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928___---- 445, 636. 82 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928 --------. -______-___- 10, 000. 00 Balance available June 30, 1928 ___ ________________ 435, 636. 82 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------ ---------------------- 1, 64, 040. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for new work_________________---------------------------- 180,000. 00 REPAIRS TO AQUEDUCT BRIDGE, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA District engineer: Maj. Brehon Somervell, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. W. J. Barden, Corps of Engineers. Location and description.-The Aqueduct Bridge crosses the Poto- mac River at Washington, D. C., from Thirty-sixth Street, George- town, to Rosslyn, Va. Its total length, exclusive of an earth embank- ment about 700 feet in length, constituting the Virginia approach, is about 1,317 feet, distributed as follows, beginning at the Virginia abutment: Nine deck spans of 114 feet each over the river; about 127 feet of trestle over the north abutment; one through span of 164 feet over the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal. For further details see Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1923, page 1996. Original condition.-See Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1923, page 1997. Previous projects.-See Annual Report of Chief of Engineers for 1923, page 1997. Existing project.-By an act of Congress approved May 18, 1916, $25,000 was appropriated for the maintenance of the bridge, includ- ing the superstructure, during the construction of a new bridge authorized by the same act. Periodic examinations were made of the piers and abutments by a diver, all cavities and crevices found being repaired with Portland cement concrete. The last repairs were made in April, 1917. The last examination, made in November, 1923, disclosed cavities and crevices in several of the piers, but as no traffic of any kind has used the bridge since December 2, 1923, and conditions are such that it can not be used by traffic without extensive alterations, no repairs were deemed necessary. The superstructure of the bridge has been maintained in recent years by the Commissioners of the District of Columbia. From time to time such amounts as have been required by them to maintain the superstructure have been allotted for their use from the appro- priation of $25,000 made by the act of May 18, 1916. El Exclusive of available funds. 14710--ENG 1928-----128 2032 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY 1928 Recom ended modifications of project.-House bill 13271, Seven- tieth Congress, first session, was introduced for the removal of the Aqueduct Bridge. References to published articles not previously reported.-None. Local cooperation.--The appropriations for this work prior to that of May 18, 1916, were included in District of Columbia appropriation acts, and half of the expense was borne by the District. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The bridge is totally abandoned and has been closed to all traffic since January, 1923. The Washing- ton & Old Dominion Railway has removed its track, yokes, and other fittings. The District of Columbia removed the railing, flooring, and floor stringers from the upstream half of the bridge and used the material for repairs to other bridges. The military trusses spanning the opening from the Virginia abutment to the south approach fill were transferred to the office of Public Buildings and Public Parks of the National Capital, and removed by that office in May, 1926. The structure serves no useful purpose and is very unsightly beside the graceful Francis Scott Key Bridge. Proposed operations.-None, pending possible enactment of the legislation referred to under " Recommended modifications of proj- ect," above. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928--------------------------- $239, 992.67 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928--------------------------- 266, 701. 92 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928------------ 506, 694. 59 Net total expenditures---------------------------------------- 506 694.59 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928--------------------- 544, 810. 77 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work-------------------------..........--- ---------------------- Cost of maintenance ---- ---- ------------------- Total expended---------------------....................... ... 435. 92 $383. 26------------ ------------ Allotted----...- - - - - - - ------------------------------------- MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF THE WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT District engineer: Maj. Brehon Somervell, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. W. J. Barden, Corps of Engineers. Location and description.-The work includes the dam at Great Falls, about 2,800 feet in length; the conduit and tunnels, aggregat- ing 16 miles in length; 3 sedimentation reservoirs, each about 42 acres in area; about 900 acres of land, 4 bridges, fences, 3 pumping stations, 43 gatehouses, dwellings, and other buildings; 1 coagulating plant, 29 one-acre filters, 1 filtered-water reservoir, 29 sand bins, 1 pumping station for pumping the entire water supply to the filters, telephone line, motor vehicles, and 394 water meters on Federal services. The work also includes the Conduit Road, a greatly used metaled thoroughfare, 13 miles in length, extending along and at localities WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT 2033 over the conduit, and the McMillan Park, situated in the District of Columbia between Michigan Avenue and Bryant Street and North Capitol and Fourth Streets NW. The latter comprises the filtration plant, the McMillan Park Reservoir, and the surrounding grounds, having a total area of 118 acres. The control of the system was vested in the Chief of Engineers by the act of March 2, 1867, and section 1800, Revised Statutes. By act of Congress approved May 22, 1926, jurisdiction and control over the Conduit Road for its full width in the District of Columbia betw'een Foxhall Road and the District line, excepting a strip 19 feet wide within the line of said road, the center of which is coinci- dent with the center of the water-supply conduit, was transferred from the Secretary of War to the Commissioners of the District of Columbia. Previous projects.-The original project for the construction of the Washington Aqueduct was prepared in accordance with the acts of Congress of September 30, 1850, and August 31, 1852, and adopted by the act of March 3, 1853. (See S. Ex. Doc. No. 48, 32d Cong., 2d sess.) Water from Little Falls Branch was admitted in 1859 and from the Potomac in 1863. Money for the construction of the Conduit Road, built to afford ready access to all parts of the aqueduct, was first appropriated by the act of July 15, 1870. The work was completed in 1875. The dam at Great Falls was extended to the Virginia shore in 1886 in compliance with the act of July 15, 1882, and it was raised in 1896 in compliance with the act of March 2, 1895. The water from Little Falls Branch became polluted and was excluded from the system in 1895, in accordance with the act of March 2, 1895. Commencing with funds appropriated by the act of July 15, 1882, a tunnel about 10 feet in diameter and 4 miles long was gradually built from the Georgetown Reservoir to McMillan Park, near the Howard University Grounds, where a new distributing .reservoir was built. This work was completed in 1902. In 1905 the entire distribution system was turned over to the gov- ernment of the District of Columbia, subject to certain restrictions. Under the authority of the act of March 3, 1899, an investigation was made into the subject of filtering the water supply. Commenc- ing with the appropriation made by the act of June 6, 1900, the construction of a slow sand filtration plant was prosecuted, and this plant was put in operation in 1905. With a view to providing clear water at times of high turbidity in the supply, a coagulating plant was built, as authorized by the act of May 18, 1910. Georgetown Reservoir was also remodeled as a settling basin, as authorized by the act of March 2, 1911, and again put in operation in 1913. Commencing with the act of May 18, 1910, appropriations were made for metering various Government services. The total expenditures on the entire system to June 30, 1928, in- cluding outstanding liabilities, were $15,912,336.75, of which $11,- 493,195.33 was for construction and $4,419,141.42 was for mainte- nance and operation. Existing project.-The existing project provides for the care, main- tenance, and operation of the system up to the point where the 2034 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 2 8 purified water is delivered to the District of Columbia distributing system and also for the care and maintenance of the Conduit Road, McMillan Park, and the meter on the various Government services. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Up to the end of June 30, 1916, the expenses of the Washington Aqueduct were paid one-half by the District of Columbia and one-half by the United States, since which time they have been paid wholly out of the revenues of the water department of the District of Columbia. Effect of improvement.-An uninterrupted supply of purified water has been furnished to the city of Washington. Operation and results during fiscal year.-Operations during the year were carried on under the following heads: 1. MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION The usual routine operations were carried on. The purification of the water was very satisfactory. The average turbidity was reduced from 195 to 0.16 and the bacterial content from 1,743 to 2.6 per cubic centimeter. The average consumption was 72,460,000 gallons per day, making the average per capita consumption 134 gallons per day. Twenty-five thousand nine hundred and twelve pounds of liquid chlorine, at the rate of 0.16 part per million gallons, were applied for sterilization to the water leaving the filtered-water reservoir for 289 days during the year. The work was done by hired labor, and the expenditures, including outstanding liabilities, were $192,210. The following table ,shows details of the results obtained: TABLE 1.-Consumption (in million gallons) of water per 24 hours (A) MAXIMUM Fiscal years Month 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 July...._.... __...._.._.... _ __.......... 71.49 76.40 74.13 82. 43 84.10 87. 92 August............................------------------------------ 70. 13 72. 25 76. 71 74. 99 87. 69 77. 05 September _....... _____.___ __....... 71. 01 74. 52 72. 26 83. 24 82. 67 80. 23 - October ..-........- -........-...... _ 71. 55 73. 98 73. 61 73. 37 79. 91 78. 96 November- .............................. 69. 20 67. 98 71. 50 77. 99 74. 61 76. 66 December_ ____ _ -_- .... -... __ . .. .... 67. 59 67. 64 75. 63 77. 40 75. 57 67. 90 65. 27 January ............... ...............-----------------------------. 76. 60 74. 15 73. 11 78. 65 82. 69 February __ ____..........___............... .. 69. 65 70. 73 71. 12 75. 55 68. 18 80. 21 March_.--__ -------.- _________-__ ----- 65. 96 67. 29 69. 96 71.30 71. 58 80. 22 April...-___.. ___.......... __.........____ .. 71. 28 69. 95 70. 45 72. 86 77. 63 78. 10 May.. ____......__..................___ .. 71. 06 70. 87 73. 33 71. 33 74. 42 80. 75 June__- --.------- __________ - ___. 80. 00 72. 34 84. 59 76. 07 78. 44 86.10 (B) MINIMUM July........ -. - -... ........ __.......-.. . 54. 94 62. 19 55. 89 63. 24 62. 85 64. 44 August----........--- .. ____.-___ _-- 54. 44 61. 00 61. 94 61. 63 66. 34 60. 47 September....-.....-..-.......... .__..... 56. 30 59. 86 60. 20 61.87 64. 84 63. 69 October ........... __ _____ . _____ .... ...... 56. 96 55. 48 62. 53 62. 28 62. 19 59. 30 November_-..........____ __....___... ... 55. 92 56. 29 60. 23 59. 91 63. 11 62. 07 December..............----------------------------..... 51. 96 52. 58 58. 66 57. 38 58. 60 51. 18 January .......... .... .....----------------------------- 55. 96 57. 70 61. 26 63. 40 60. 08 64. 67 February-.. ........- _ _....... __ . ... -_ 57. 40 59. 64 58. 17 62. 21 60. 68 65. 40 March ........- ...... _ ................ 55. 91 58.42 57. 80 62. 34 60.44 65. 61 _......_ ........_ 54. 93 April , .............. _- 59. 54 61. 12 63. 07 63. 69 69. 22 - May. .-..............................._ 60. 10 56. 95 59. 35 62. 14 61. 99 66. 99 - June..---.-. - ..-.-----------..- - . - 62. 99 56. 01 61.05 62. 64 62.17 68. 88 WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT 2035 TABLE 1.-Consumption (in million gallons) of water er 24 ours--Continued (C) AVERAGE Fiscal years Month 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 .July.... ..---------------------------- 65. 00 69. 73 67.37 74.35 74. 01 76. 76 August--------.. ------------------------ 64. 93 66. 40 68. 03 71. 13 75.94 72. 05 September--....-- ..-------------------- 65. 80 68. 15 66. 76 72. 64 72. 24 74. 07 October ..... -------------------------- . 65.17 65. 13 67. 85 69.44 69. 30 70. 90 November ..---..............------------------- 62. 76 62. 88 65. 82 66.31 68. 07 70. 00 December -- _......---------- ...--------- 62. 29 62.47 65. 16 66. 46 68. 77 58. 09 January . . . -------------------------- . . . 62. 12 68. 45 65.41 68. 05 68. 51 74. 56 February ------------------------- 63.27 64. 42 64.26 67. 91 65. 05 72. 72 March....----------------------------------- 62. 44 63. 56 63.72 66. 55 66. 05 72. 57 April----- .---------------- ---- 64. 00 64. 95 65. 21 67. 63 69. 35 73.96 May.......--------- ..------------------- 65. 87 64. 82 65. 51 70.13 69. 41 77. 25 June..--.---------------------------_ . 72. 01 64.59 73.55 70. 57 71.53 76. 64 Average--___------------------------ 64. 63. 65. 47 66. 56 69. 28 69. 86 72.46 Population ..-------------------------- 454, 026 454, 026 486, 936 497, 906 528, 000 540, 000 Daily per capita consumption, gallons ..- 142 144 134 139 132 134 I 1 1 i I I TABLE 2.-Consumption of water in Government buildings Average daily consumption in gallons for the fiscal year-- Location 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Municipal Building_._.._. 32, 600 35, 000 26, 05C 20, 617 36, 998 43, 866 52, 809 67, 934 Government Printing Office............... 1, 733, 100 1, 546, 800 1, 819, 70( 920, 715 593, 800 387, 988 343,250 565,484 Navy yard................ 901, 320 1, 768, 400 1, 299, 300 1,384,360 1, 468, 970 1, 358, 805 1, 026,121 814,392 Soldiers' Home............ 145, 600 200, 000 290, 100 290,000 290, 000 290, 000 290,000 290,000 Walter Reed Hospital..... 243, 200 300, 000 294, 690( 263, 119 300, 000 300, 338 300,000 300,000 Marine Barracks.....--. 96, 600 130, 000 87, 240( 99, 662 89, 084 62, 289 84, 132 89, 981 Zoological Park........... 382, 100 348, 000 328, 150 402, 916 452, 116 431, 376 386,968 374, 268 Howard University-....... 30, 700 27, 100 43, 200C 43, 396 28, 594 32, 431 32, 890 31,120 Freedmen's Hospital...... 80, 900 73, 000 74,030( 84,856 83, 355 103, 124 93, 420 81,003 Washington Aqueduct .- 34, 100 77, 000 68, 470( 13, 605 5, 820 11, 314 1, 637 26, 457 Naval Hospital and Med- ical School------------ 104, 600 90, 000 78,470 81, 362 75, 488 71,328 98, 688 95, 717 Hygienic Laboratory...... 14, 700 41, 500 36, 82( 54, 112 49, 389 72, 794 61, 763 69, 521 Library of Congress_-----. 105, 400 103, 000 107; 400 101,401 101, 504 105, 338 129, 319 129,101 National Museum-........ 61, 000 55, 900 32, 19(1 69,013 73, 604 51, 872 54, 604 33, 386 Bureau Engraving and Printing---- --- 1, 323, 300 1, 567, 000 1, 611, 60( 765, 077 844, 227 935, 520 841,553 804, 667 Agricultural Department.. 533, 540 293, 000 321, 500 482, 540 453, 407 466, 785 480, 084 433, 771 Treasury Department..... 169, 600 200, 000 184, 528 243, 719 238, 327 232, 017 255,856 262,016 State, War, and Navy Department.-_._ __ _ 917, 950 600, 000 762,041 701,059 520, 144 687, 227 630, 123 237, 652 Fort M yer service ....-_ .. 331, 100 334, 600 298, 720 183, 963 200, 428 234, 112 216,481 246, 810 Army and Navy Annex-. 165, 300 186, 500 231, 200 209,337 159, 625 190, 917 222, 760 280, 261 Botanic Gardens.......... 4, 400 6, 200 4, 715 4, 420 8, 009 5, 445 6,333 5, 476 Bureau of Standards...... 140, 600 175, 700 143, 800 159, 773 146, 549 205, 260 245, 605 227, 563 Capitol .......-.......... 301, 000 268,000 277, 800 158, 170 131, 895 110, 805 166, 912 178, 503 Coast and Geodetic Sur- vey------------------ 28, 500 26,300 7, 65( 7, 884 7, 105 5, 425 4, 867 6, 972 Columbia Hospital. ...... 84, 500 100, 500 96, 84C 93, 604 109, 145 125, 442 110,754 112, 955 Columbia Institute for the Deaf ._ _ _ 17, 700 23, 300 23, 57( 19, 988 18, 742 26, 884 25, 446 26, 193 Congressional power plant ................... 60, 800 70, 500 63, 38( 92, 165 77, 740 93, 310 99, 243 100, 632 Courthouse_ 9, 700 12, 100 8, 075 7, 163 5, 940 8, 344 8, 555 7, 185 Court of Claims...__..__ 900 1, 900 1, 637 2,447 788 1, 097 3, 096 3,909 Customhouse ............ 4, 600 4, 300 4, 491 4, 313 4, 527 2,375 6, 179 463 E llipse-- ------ _... ..-. 48, 100 43,500 46, 06C 56, 346 44, 245 47, 434 46, 831 39, 506 Federal Board for Voca- tional Education........ 3, 000 5, 200 3, 645 3, 642 4, 254 4, 364 4,269 3, 497 Fish Commission-........ 179, 400 120, 700 134, 9001 146, 366 130; 678 128, 252 159, 311 116,172 Food Administration ... __ 15, 000 16, 500 28, 230 28,672 36, 691 43, 627 47, 908 51, 509 Ford's Theater____...... 29, 200 10, 600 2, 720 990 940 894 1, 382 798 House Office Building..-- 240, 900 201,000 231, 400 252, 255 216, 482 217, 213 239, 787 257,893 Interior Department-..... 96, 600 90, 000 93, 034 93, 639 81, 842 85, 579 93, 782 94, 575 Land Office Building..... 91, 400 93, 200 59, 100 63,516 42, 306 43, 534 41, 772 53, 194 Marine Hospital -------. 1, 500 2, 000 3, 610 5,443 3, 962 3, 759 4, 084 3, 883 Monument Grounds.... __ 142, 900 120, 900 87, 050 58, 973 80, 932 68, 169 76, 695 58, 629 Naval Observatory ....... 26, 500 25, 000 40, 560 13, 703 13, 902 21, 920 31, 40823, 817 Office of Chief Signal Of- ficer ------ __--..... 19, 300 20, 000 13, 300 20, 132 26, 024 46, 493 44,492 54, 409 Patent Office ..-.......... 60, 100 54, 000 47, 950 41, 577 38, 767 29, 695 30, 492 37, 415 Pension Building-........ 27, 600 20, 000 13, 150 16, 377 15, 508 14, 061 14, 142 20, 016 Post Office................ 414, 300 400, 000 356, 900 385, 242 326, 834 372, 086 283,476 392, 444 2036 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 TABLE 2.-Constumption of water in Government buildings-Continued Average daily consumption in gallons for the fiscal year- Location 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Potomac Park------------............ 214, 800 158, 000 218,400 241, 310 202,885 173, 669 153, 868 107, 285 Senate Office Building.... 183, 700 220, 000 196, 600 188, 042 194, 650 189, 745 167, 312 153, 370 Treasury Annex No. 1... 28, 400 20, 800 23, 275 24, 070 31,152 30,123 23,082 24,444 Treasury Annex No. 2-... 49,100 40, 000 42, 310 30, 708 28, 105 24, 134 17, 055 16, 248 United States Dormitories. 127, 800 1 141, 400 101,330 108, 552 110,940 121,047 117,307 134, 281 United States Fuel Ad- ministration__--....... . 8, 000 5,100 9, 510 18, 091 45, 599 50, 030 55, 858 51,772 United States Govern- ment Asylum-----------......... 4, 800 2, 300 197 372 230 3, 032 5, 265 15, 621 War Department Build- ings_.---_ .----.--- 114, 900 54, 000 22, 089 101, 213 117, 863 108, 748 77, 029 164, 736 War Risk Bureau.....--------- 95, 400 90, 000 87, 720 226, 558 103, 847 90, 528 87, 323 76,733 War Trade Board Build- ing-----.............------------. 9,400 35, 000 28, 860 32, 011 30, 784 42, 406 13, 587 24, 301 Washington Barracks..... 180, 100 173, 000 154, 000 163, 365 189, 979 220, 497 202, 848 193, 941 Weather Bureau ....... _ . 23, 800 20, 000 16, 380 1.8,112 17, 675 14, 069 15, 442 16,189 White House ____........ 94;200 11, 500 21, 530 58, 741 55, 040 83,998 70, 888 78, 352 Winder Building__ ...-- __.. 20, 200 16, 000 37, 830 26, 983 28, 166 28, 193 30, 000 30, 000 Darby Building__.....-----------..11,700 8,400 5,162 7,410 8, 970 3, 998 2, 268 4, 443 Graham Building _...... 6, 700 8, 000 2,110 2, 246 3, 638 2, 408 3761 259 Pan American Building__. 9, 000 8, 200 7,110 7, 019 18, 835 7, 268 12, 268 21,693 Tempo. No. 3, Pettus Building.........----------------9, 000 5, 000 8, 610 6, 538 6, 983 9, 633 9, 159 8, 101 Red Cross.....__ ____...... 12, 000 15, 000 6, 680 6,890 8,970 11,432 11,342 10,182 Freer Gallery of Art.......- ........ 2, 200 958 1,989 4,560 7,424 5,680 1,638 Rock Creek Park_...____.-- .. 19, 000 18, 730 17, 278 19,958 16,701 18, 677 26, 202 United States Railroad Administration-..... ....... 5, 803 5, 269 7, 789 10, 771 11, 850 2, 306 Old Emergency Hospital__ __ ---- 7,1701 6,178 4,929 5, 656 6, 9621 766 Interstate Commerce Commission............__--------- . 27, 330 25, 265 24, 374 26, 894 24, 5921 19, 863 Justice Department ___ -....... -- .- 7, 698 9, 510 8,972 10,819 11,691 11,746 Civil Service Commission- __ 11, 190 14, 572 12,315 9, 298 10,6601 15, 028 Commerce Building_......... 37, 080 34,182 32, 548 38,978 36, 002 31, 109 Parks and reservations .... ____ 108, 645 202, 600 227, 576 475, 5851 226, 635 Total consumption.. 10, 911, 510 11,037, 100 11, 036, 226 9), 761, 741 9, 162, 043 9, 349, 97719, 072, 55418, 578,393 TABLE 3.-Bacteria per milliliter (A) MAXIMUM Dalecarlia Reser- voir George- McMil- Filtered- Filtered town lan Park water water Fiscal year Reser- Reser-voir reservoir before after voir oi sterili- sterili- Inlet Outlet outlet outlet zation zation 1923-24, gelatine, 200 48 hours--.....--.......-------- 81, 000 25, 000 12, 400 13, 000 313 58 1924-25, gelatine, 200 48 hours.....-------------... 29, 000 25, 000 9, 800 6, 600 72 22 1925-26, gelatine, 200 48 hours ..------------.......... 170, 000 28, 000 18, 500 8, 500 93 11 1926-27, agar, 370 24 hours--------------- 55, 000 39, 000 4, 600 1, 280 32 11 1927-28, agar, 370 24 hours-- __-------------38, 000 27, 000 2, 600 600 55 10 (B) MINIMUM 1923-24, gelatine, -------------- 80 200 48 hours ............ 45 33 22 1 I 1924-25, gelatine, -------------- 200 48 hours .... ..... 30 20 19 10 2 1 1925-26, gelatine, 200 48 hours ..------ - -55 42 31 12 1 0 1926-27, agar, 370 24 hours ......-...... ___ 46 40 26 10 1 1 1927-28, agar, 370 24 hours--.........._------ 40 21 10 4 1 0 (C) AVERAGE 1923-24, gelatine, 200 48 hours....------------- 4, 661 1, 458 656 410 7 6. 4 1924-25, gelatine, 200 48 hours............-------------. 2, 672 1, 618 881 485 10 4. 2 1925-26, gelatine, 200 48 hours----...--------- 4, 165 1, 781 625 386 10 2. 1 1926-27, agar, 370 24 hours-----............-----------... 2, 288 1,087 248 116 4. 8 2. 8 1927-28, agar, 370 24 hours---------.... ---.. 1, 743 821 187 88 5. 4 2. 6 WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT 2037 TABLE 4.-Results of tests for bacterium colon (A) TOTAL TUBES EXAMINED McMillan Filtered- Filtered Great Fall, or Dalecarlia George- Park water water Fiscal year Dalecarlia Reservoir Reservoir town Reservoir reservoir after afterz a Reservoir Reservoir outlet before i inlet outlet outlet (applied steriliza- stio n water) tion Milliliters ---.....-.......- . 10 1 0. 1 10 1 0. 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 1923-24...... ...----------------- -294 294 294 293 293 293 296 296 365 365 1,825.- 1, 565 -. 1924-25__------------------ 292 292 292 293 293 293 293 293 1,086 ._1,820-_.1,520_. 1925-26 -.............. ___ 301 301 191 303 303 169 297 297 1, 071 i, 005 1, 825 1, 505 1, 525 1, 525 1926-27-------........ ----- 421 421 421 421 421 421 420 4171, 0841,0711, 8101,8101,5351,536 636 636 646 646 646 516 516 851 851 1, 3751,3751, 3301,330 1927-28.................---------------------....636 (B) NUMBER POSITIVE TUBES, ONE OR MORE TUBES 1923-24---.----------------- 283 135 33 275 128 11 243 67 235 44 280- -__104-.. 1924-25---.. ---------------.. ....... 242 119 11 224 96 1 183 62 547 0 93 16 1925-26 ..................... 280 180 66 262 150 46 221 104 666 201 153 23 13 4 1926-27 ..........------------------ 419 386 222 413 363 .183 406 279 964 521 337 48 0 0 1927-28 ...........------------------ 612 489 244 551 399 222 432 254 554 225 147 23 5 0 (C) PERCENTAGE TUBES POSITIVE 1923-24........-- .---. 96.3 45.9 11.2 93.8 43.6 3. 8 82.0 22. 64.3 12.0 15.2.--. 0. 7 ..................----- 82.8 40.7 3. 8 76.1 32.7 1924-25------------ .4 62.4 21.1 50. ..-- 5.1-- 1.1 .... 1925-26---..............-------------- 90.0 59. 34.7 86.4 50. 127. 2 74.4 35. 62.1 20.4 8.3 1.2 .850.30 1926-27----------------- 99.5 91.6 52.7 98.1 86.2 43.4 96.6 66.9 88.9 48.6 18.6 2.6 0 0 1927-28 96.2 76.6 38.3 85.3 61. 7 35. 9 83.1 49.2 65. 1 26.4 10.7 1.7 .37 ........----------------- 0 (D) AVERAGE NUMBER BACTERIUM COLON PER 100 MILLILITERS 1923-24--.....----- -------------- 487 83 33.9 18.1 0.59 0. 59 1924-25--.........------...----------... .. 84 41 25 9.3 .54 .27 1925-26 ......------------------........ 762 191 77 25 1.20 .12 1926-27 (McCrady)---------...... 1, 428 853 297 72. 8 4.20 0 1927-28 .....---------------------- 442 325 206 39.7 2.27 .06 TABLE 5.-Turbidity PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA (A) AVERAGE Great Falls- George- McMillan Filtered Fiscal year Dalecarlia outlet town outlet water inlet outlet reservoir 1923-24---------------------------------- 228 100 26 15 0 1924-25----------------------------------- 576 372 194 127. 0 ..................-------------------.... 1925-26---------------- 90 56 18 10 0 ......-------------------------------.. 1926-27---- .. 205 109 29 20 0.5 1927-28---------------_ ------------------ 195 106 - -26 17. 0.16 (B) MAXIMUM 1923-24----------------------------------- ............................. 6,000 1,200 500 160 7 ..................--- 1924-25----------- .....---------------------.. .. 800 225 50 32 0 3,000 500 1925-26-----------..............-----------------------. 40 25 1.5 1926-27 -----------------------------------....... 3,500 1,000 75 45 2.0 1927-28 -----------------------------------....... 3,750 1,300 90 50 0.50 (C) MINIMUM ......-------......-----------------------..... 1923-24----- 7 67 5 0 1924-25........----------------------------------- 7 7 6 4 0 1925-26- ---....--------------------- --------- 7 7 6 2 0.2 192-27--------------------------- --------- 9 8 8 5 0.2 1927-28---------------------------------- -9 12 11 3 2038 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 TABLE 6.-Alkcalinity AVERAGE (P. P. M. CaCOs) Great Falls- Dalecarlia George- Filtered Fiscal year Dalecarlia Dalecarlia town McMillan water inlet outlet outlet reservoir 1923-24 ..-------.............-------------------------- 59 61 57 56 56 1924-25---------------------------------- 68 68 68 67 66 1925-26 ------------------- --------------- 61 60 59 59 58 1926-27---------------------------------- 53 53 49 49 48 1927-28 ..........--------------..... ---........... -------....... 60 58 54 56 49 TABLE 7.--pH values AVERAGE Great Falls- Dalecarlia George- McMillan Filtered Fiscal year Dalecarlia utlearliat town water inlet utlet outlet outlet reservoir 1923-24 ---------------------------------- 7. 5 7. 3 7. 3 7. 3 7, 2 1924-25 -------- ---------------------- 7.7 7. 7 7. 6 7. 6 7. 3 1925-26 ---------------------------------- 7. 6 7. 9 7. 7 7. 7 7. 4 1926-27---------------------------------- 7.5 7. 5 7. 4 7.4 7. 2 1927-28-------------------- ------------- 7.6 7. 6 7. 4 7. 5 7. 3 TABLE 8.-Hardness (A) AVERAGE (As CaCO3) Great Falls- George- MeMillan Filtered Fiscal year Dalecarlia outlecaria town water inlet outletoutlet reservoir 1923-24...... ---------------------------------- 69 ------------------------ 72 69 1924-25---------------------------------- ...... 75 ---------------------............ 7 77 1925-26 ---------------------------------- 70------------------------- 69 68 1926-27---------------------------------- 57 ------------------------ 57 58 ---------------------------------- 1927-28...... 61 61 62 62 63 (B) MAXIMUM 1923-24 ---------------------------------- ___------------ 114 ------------ 114 113 1924-25- ----------------------------- 118 ----------------------- 121 118 1925-26 .............................----------------------------.. 97 94 94 1926-27 87 87 87 1927-28 ---------------------------------- 99 99 98 96 96 (C) MINIMUM 1923-24............... .....----------------------- 3 . 3 30 1924-25---------------------------------- 33 -42 45 1925-26---------------------------------- 30-39 39 1926-27 ---------------------------------- 38------------------------ 42 41 1927-28 ...... ......... 28 28 .....----------------------------------.. 34 35 40 WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT 2039 s from typhoid fever in District of Columbia TABLE 9.-Number of death8 TOTAL NUMBER, BY MONTHS Fiscal year July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June Total 1909-10 -------------- _ 12 12 17 12 12 2 3 4 7 5 5 4 95 1910-11-------------- 6 12 13 8 9 5 6 4 4 3 8 2 80 1911-12 ..--------------5 11 7 5 8 11 8 1 1 4 2 2 65 __ 1912-13....... ... 11 9 16 11 8 6 4 4 4 2 2 5 82 1913-14--------------7 9 2 11 2 4 3 4 2 1 1 4 50 1914-15-------------- ...... 4 11 8 3 2 4 2 2 4 1 2 2 45 1915-16-------------- 4 7 3 6 9 1 3 1 2 3 2 6 47 1916-17-------------- ....... 7 8 7 3 3 1 3 0 0 4 1 2 39 1917-18--------------2 10 12 8 4 2 4 2 1 1 0 8 54 1918-19-------------- 12 5 7 3 0 5 1 0 0 0 2 0 35 1919-20---------O_ 0 4 1 4 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 18 1920-21-------------- _ 4 3 6 5 4 3 2 3 1 4 1 2 38 1921-22 -------------- 6 6 5 3 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 6 30 1922-23-------------- 2 2 4 1 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 3 18 1 5 1923-24.........-------------- 6 3 6 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 24 ............ 0 1924-25------------- 1 6 4 2 5 7 2 0 1 1 1 30 1925-26-------------- 3 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 2 0 18 1926-27-------------- 0 -1 1 3 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 10 1927-28-------------- 1 1 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 11 Average,1896-1928_9.14 14.36 13.50 11.80 9.27 7. 69 5.64 2.91 3.12 3.79 3.61 4.72 90.80 TABLE 10.-Summary of cost per million gallons Operation of Washington Aqueduct--------------------------------- $1.52 Preliminary treatment_---------- .........- .96 Sterilization------------------------------------------------------- .15 Pumping ----------------------------------------------------------. 26 Filter operations---------------------------------------- ----------- 1. 30 Buildings and grounds----------------------------------------------1.31 Total ------------------------------------------------------- 7. 50 2. EMERGENCY FUND Late in the night of July 15, 1927, a crack occurred in the conduit at station 149, and a leakage of water washed away a portion of the back fill. This leak was of such a character as to make it dangerous to continue passing the water through the conduit. It was, therefore, drained on July 16, and preparations were -immediately made for repairs. The crack was found to be caused by unequal settlement of the conduit at this location where it was built partly on a fill and partly in cut. Initial settlement of the structure, due to the weight of water when first filled, caused minute cracks through which leakage softened the fill and thus augmented further settlement. There was a long crack through the center of the invert and other cracks along the haunches of the arch. To remedy the trouble an excavator was sent to the site to remove the remaining back fill to the elevation of the invert of the conduit. Excavation for footings beyond this point was done by hand and the conduit underpinned on one side in alter- nate 4-foot lengths. Heavy posts were used to support the masonry and were inclosed in the concrete footings. Excavation was carried to firm earth which was found at depths varying from 2 to 5 feet below the invert, and extended outside the conduit for about 4 feet. It was stepped up under the invert to a line more than halfway across the width of the conduit thus sealing the crack and obtaining support on both halves of the invert. Vertical keyways were made in the sections of the footings and the concrete carried 1 foot above the joint where the arch joins the invert. The width of the top of 2040 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 the concrete footings outside the arch was 3 feet, and the total length of these footings was 84 feet. To seal the cracks in the arch and invert, Gunite between 2 and 3 inches thick was applied over reinforcing mesh within the conduit for a length of 118 feet. A hole had to be cut in the top of the arch just beyond the limit of the Gunite lining to permit the entrance of materials. This hole was made into a permanent manhole with a slab cover on completion of the other work. After the concrete was placed a puddled back fill was made over the conduit and extended to provide a much heavier section than did the original back fill. The cost of the various items entering the work were: Cement, 950 bags------------------------- $684. 00 Gravel, 107.6 tons-------- ---------------------------------- 312. 04 Concrete sand, 44.2 tons--------------------------------------110. 50 Building sand, 65.2 tons- ----------------------------------- 163. 00 Reinforcing mesh, 4,885.4 square feet 294. 94 Lumber ------------------- --- 146. 58 Trowels, 3-------------------------------------------------- 3.72 Sand screen .----- ------- -- -------- -------- 5. 40 Tie wire, 125 pounds__ ~8. 75 Gasoline, oil, and carbide--------------- ---------------------- 35. 25 Cement-gun charges--..--,---.. --------- - 1, 210. 79 Excavator charges ---------------------------- 641. 17 Jong-distance telephone -------------- --- 2.90 Hauling cement gun_.. ------------------------ 74. 00 Truck hire, back filling- .-- 285. 00 Labor ------------- ----------------------------------- 2, 225. 73 Total----------------------------------------------. , 203. 77 ..The total amount of $5,000 appropriated for this fund was used for this purpose and the balance was charged to Washington Aqueduct, Maintenance and Operation, 1928. 3. ORDINARY REPAIRS, ETC., CONDUIT ROAD This work consisted, of ordinary repairs to the macadam road surface, grading, opening ditches, and other maintenance of the Conduit Road. The work was done by hired labor, and the expendi- tures, including outstanding liabilities, were $5,000: TOTAL EXPENDITURES The total expenditures under all the above headings from the appropriations for the fiscal year, including outstanding liabilities, were $202,210. In other words, this amount represents the cost for the year of the above works as nearly as it can be determined at the present time. It may be slightly in error, however, as the outstand- ing liabilities are indeterminate in some cases. The distribution of expenditures was as follows: Reservoirs--------------$1, 664. 96 Sterilization---- $3, 932.37 Buildings and grounds__- 30, 863.29 Conduit----------------- 4, 031. 21 Roads 10, 395. 11 Water mains______ __ 2, 260. 83 Fences_____- .2, 278. 61 Patrolling and guarding Pumping stations and ma- property------------ 3,190. 87 chinery --------------- 52, 244. 31 Maintenance of meters__- 3, 474. 09 Preliminary treatment__. 24,467.46 Motor vehicles , 376.38 6_____-_ Filter operations- - .-- 27, 784. 74 Plant account- 1, 896. 66 Telephone line --.----- 499. 11 Overhead ------------- 16, 850.00 Ordinary repairs, etc., Con- Sduit Road---. ... 5, 000.00 Total - _- 202, 210.00 Emergency 'fUnd -----.. 5, 000. 00 WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT 2041 The nature of the above work was such that it is impracticable to give unit costs that would be comparable with those in other districts and they have, therefore, been omitted. The purification plant was in operation throughout the year and the results, amount of work, and cost, including the same for pre- vious years for comparison, are summarized in the preceding tables. PROPOSED OPERATIONS (a) Funds appropriated for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1929, by the District of Columbia appropriation act, approved May 21, 1928, will be used as follows: For operation, including salaries of all necessary employees, maintenance and repair of Washington Aqueduct and their accessories, including Dalecarlia, Georgetown, McMillan Park, First, Second, and Third High Service Reservoirs, Washington Aqueduct tunnel, the filtration plants, the pumping plants, and the plant for the preliminary treatment of the water supply, ordinary repairs, grading, opening ditches, and other maintenance of Conduit Road, purchase, installation, and maintenance of water meters on Federal services, purchase, care, repair, and operation of vehicles, including the purchase and exchange of one passenger-carrying motor vehicle at a cost not to exceed $1,200; purchase and repair of rubber boots and protective apparel, and for each and every pur- pose connected therewith, $425,000. (b) The amounts which can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 (estimated), are as follows: For operation, including salaries of all necessary employees, maintenance and repair of Washington Aqueduct and their accessories, including Dalecarlia, Georgetown, McMillan Park, First, Second, and Third High Service Reservoirs, Washington Aqueduct tunnel, the filtration plants, the pumping plants, and the plant for the preliminary treatment of the water supply, ordinary repairs, grad- ing, opening ditches, and other maintenance of Conduit Road, purchase, installa- tion, and maintenance of water meters on Federal services, purchase, care, repair, and operation of vehicles, including the purchase and exchange of one passenger-carrying motor vehicle at a cost not to exceed $1,200; purchase and repair of rubber boots and protective apparel, and for each and every purpose connected therewith, $425,000. Nothing herein shall be construed as affecting the superintendence and control of the Secretary of War over the Washington Aqueduct, its rights, appurte- nances, and fixtures connected with the same, and over appropriations and expenditures therefor as now provided by law. Financial summary STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES ON ALL PROJECTS TO JUNE 30, 1928 Washington Purification GovM ent Total Aqueduct plant services Appropriated to June 30, 1928--...------...... $11, 693, 071. 81 $4, 495, 334. 16 $66,050.00 $16, 254, 455. 97 Reverted to Treasury or held in reversion fund...._------------------------------- 196, 504. 75 164, 431. 95 1, 553. 59 362, 490. 29 Expended, including outstanding liabili- ties 1_.. .. . . . -. .- . - . -_ -.-- - - . .. .-c... 11, 516, 938. 13 4, 330, 902. 21 64, 496. 41 15, 912, 336. 75 For construction__....... __---------------........... 7, 919, 737. 21 3, 508, 961. 71 64, 496. 41 11, 493, 195. 33 For maintenance and operation........... 3, 597, 200. 92 821, 940. 50 4, 419, 141. 42 Paid by United States--..----------------6, 558, 820. 83 2,165, 451.105 9, 648. 23 8, 733, 920. 165 Paid by District of Columbia ..... ... ... 2, 748, 516. 26 2, 165, 451. 105 9, 648. 23 4, 923, 615. 595 Paid by water department, District of Columbia-----_ ------------------- 2, 209, 601. 04-- -_---------- 45, 199. 95 2, 254, 800. 99 INot deducting $15,651.39 received from sale of land, etc., and $4,719.68 interest on claim of Maloney & Gleason 2042 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Financial summary--Continued WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT For fiscal year ending June 30 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Expended fornew work..... . ........ - -- Expended for maintenance.... $176, 532. 46 $174, 688. 96 i$196, 661.98 1$197,210.00 1$197,210.00 1$202, 210. 00 Appropriated or allotted-- 180, 000. 00 180, 000. 00 202, 210. 00 202, 210. 00 202, 210.00 202, 210. 00 1 Including outstanding liabilities. WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT, D. C., 1926, MAINTENANCE July 1, 1927, balance unexpended------------------------------ $593. 70 June 30, 1928, amount expended during fiscal year-____ - July 1, 1928, balance carried to surplus fund--------------- 593. 70 WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT, D. C., 1927, MAINTENANCE July 1, 1927, balance unexpended __________-__ ________-- 18, 987. 93 June 30, 1928, amount expended during fiscal year---------------18, 465. 16 July 1, 1928, balance available --------------------------- 522. 77 WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT, D. C., 1928, 1AINTENAN E Amount appropriated by act approved March 2, 1927--.-- _- -__-- 192, 210. 00 June 30, 1928, amount expended during fiscal year __-__-----__ 182, 059. 88 July 1, 1928, balance unexpended ------- _____------- __-___ 10, 150.12 July 1, 1928, outstanding liabilities_____-- 1______________ 10, 150. 12 July 1, 1928, balance available EMERGENCY FUND, 192 6 July 1, 1927, balance unexpended ___- ------------ ------ 5, 000. 00 June 30, 1928, amount expended during fiscal year July 1, 1928, balance carried to surplus fund- ------------ 5, 000. 00 EMERGENCY FUND, 1927 July 1, 1927, balance unexpended__ --- __-------_ 5, 000. 00 June 30, 1928, amount expended during fiscal year July 1, 1928, balance available___---------------------- 5, 000. 00 EMERGENCY FUND, 1928 Amount appropriated by act approved March 2, 1927______________ 5, 0(06.0 June 30, 1928, amount expended during fiscal year------- 000.00 5,000---------. July 1, 1928, balance available--------------------------- - -- WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT, D. 0., 1928, CONDUIT ROAD, ORDI- NARY REPAIRS, ETC. Amount appropriated by act approved March 2, 1927------ ---- 5, 000.,00 June 30, 1928, amount expended during fiscal year-------------- 4, 205. 87 July 1, 1928, outstanding liabilities----- .. 794. 13 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930: Washington Aqueduct (maintenance) ------------- 425,000.00 WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT 2043 APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT, DATE OF APPROVAL OF ACTS, AND REVERTMENTS TO TREASURY Total appropriations to fiscal year ending June 30, 1927 (see Annual Report, 1926, p. 1920) -------------------------- $11, 490, 861. 81 Received for sale of land, etc------------------------------- 15, 651. 39 Interest on claim of Maloney & Gleason---------------------- 4, 719. 68 Total---------------------------- 11, 511, 232. 88 Reverted to Treasury to 1920_ ___ ____------ $111, 914. 20 Reverted to Treasury, fiscal year 1921 461.42 Reverted to Treasury, fiscal year 1922-- 58, 686. 06 Reverted to Treasury, fiscal year 1923---------- 3, 467. 54 Reverted to Treasury, fiscal year 1924..------------5, 311.04 Reverted to Treasury, fiscal year 1925--- --- ___ 548. 02 '5, Reverted to Treasury, fiscal year 1926.------__- - 5, 593. 70 Reverted to Treasury to June 30, 1927- 190, 981. 98 Available balance July 1, 1927": Emergency fund, 1927---------------------$5, 000. 00 Maintenance and operation, 1927-------___-- 522. 77 Total unexpended balances ___ 5, 522. 77 Net amount expended to June 30, 1927_ 11, 314, 728. 13 Appropriated March 2, 1927: Maintenance and operation- ---- __-___- $192, 210.00 Ordinary repairs, etc., Conduit Road -----___ 5, 000. 00 Emergency fund ---- __________ - --- _____ 5, 000. 00 Total -------------------------------- 202, 210.00 Expended, including outstanding liabilities, during fiscal year ending June 30, 1928__ __ 202, 210. 00 Amount expended, including outstanding liabilities to June 30, 1928: For construction ---- ___ 7, 919, 737. 21 For maintenance and operation ....... __.___ 3, 597, 200. 92 Total---------------------------------------- 11, 516, 938. 13 Paid by the United States----------------------------------- 6, 558, 820. 83 Paid by the District of Columbia-------- ------------ ---- 2, 748, 516.26 Paid by the water department, District of Columbia----------2, 209, 601. 04 Appropriations for purification plant: Total appropriated (see Annual Report, 1917, p. 3695) ----- 4, 495, 334. 16 Reverted to Treasury --------------------------------- 164, 431. 95 Net amount expended --------------------------- 4, 330, 902. 21 For construction ----------------------------------- 3, 508, 961. 71 For maintenance and operation-------------------- ---- 821, 940. 50 Paid by the United States --------------------------- 2, 165, 451. 105 Paid by the District of Columbia---------- ------ 2, 165, 451. 105 Appropriations for metering Government services: May 18, 1910------------------------------------ 7, 000.00 June 26, 1912------------- --------------------- 4, 850. 00 Mar. 4, 1913- 4, 700. 00 July 21, 1914 --------------------------------------- 4, 300. 00 Mar. 3, 1917--------------------------- 3, 600. 00 Aug. 31, 1918----------------------------------- 32, 000. 00 July 11, 1919-- ----------------------------- 9, 600. 00 Total appropriations _-------------------------- 66, 050. 00 2044 REPORT OF CIIEF OF ENGQOINEERS"TTU.:S. ARMY, 1928 Appropriations for metering Government services-Continued. Reverted to Treasury to June 30, 1921--------------------- $1, 553. 59 Net amount expended to June 30, 1922---------_........ 64, 496. 41 Paid by.the United States-.----------------------- 9, 648.23 Paid by the District of Columbia- ------------------------ 9, 648.23 Paid by the water department, District of Columbia--..... 45, 199. 95 INCREASING WATER SUPPLY, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA District engineer: Maj. Brehon Somervell, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. W. J. Barden, Corps of Engineers. Location and description.-The work includes the preparation of plans and the building of structures for an increased water supply for the District of Columbia, in accordance with Potomac project E, described in the report published as Senate Document No. 403, Sixty-sixth Congress, third session. Thi's project includes a new intake gate chamber above the present intake from the Potomac River at Great Falls and a new aqueduct, nearly parallel to the present one, from this intake to the north end of Dalecarlia Reser- voir. It also includes a rapid sand filtration plant, located on the west side of the Conduit Road, just below the District of Columbia line; a hydroelectric plant located west of, the filtration plant for generating electric current to be used in pumping the filtered water; a pumping station at the filtration plant; a storage reservoir, located 'in the District of Columbia between Dalecarlia Reservoir and the Bureau of Standards, for storing water to supply the second high service; a storage reservoir, located east of the present Georgetown Reservoir, for the first high service, and the necessary pipe lines for carrying the filtered water from the new filtration plant to the first, second, and third high-service areas. The new additional water-supply works are to be used for purify- ing and supplying water to all the high areas within the District of Columbia where pumping is required to lift the water to the required elevation. Previous projects.-Various projects for increasing the water sup- ply for the District of Columbia have been studied at various times in recent years. Reports thereon were published, as follows: Preliminary Investigations and Surveys for Increasing the Water Supply of the District of Columbia, by Maj. Jay J. Morrow, Corps of Engineers, House Document No. 347, Sixty-first Congress, second session. Preliminary Investigations and Surveys of Patuxent River as a Source of Water Supply for the District of Columbia, by Lieut. Col. W. C. Langfitt, Corps of Engineers, House Document No. 1266, Sixty-second Congress, third session. Water Supply of the District of Columbia and the Availability of the Water Power at Great Falls for Supplying Light and Power, by Lieut. Col. W. C. Langfitt, Corps of Engineers, House Document No. 1400, Sixty-second Congress, third session. Development of Great Falls for Water Power and Increase of Water Supply for the District of Columba,. by Maj. M. C. Tyler, Corps of Engineers, Senate Document No. 403, Sixty-sixth Congress, third session. Existing project.-The Federal water power act approved June 10, 1920, appropriated the sum of $25,000 for an investigation and the submission of plans and estimates for an increased water supply for the District of Columbia. The duty of makingthis investigation was assigned to the district engineer, Washington, D. C., whose re- INCREASING WATER SUPPLY, DISTRICT :OF COLUMBIA 2045 port, published as Senate Document No. 403, Sixty-sixth Congress, third session, was adopted by the act of Congress approved June 30, 1921, making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1922, and for other purposes, which, appropriated $200,000, to be expended in accordance with Potomac Project E, described in that report. The act making appropriations for the government of the District of Columbia for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1923, and for other purposes, approved June 29, 1922, placed the revised estimated cost of project E at $8,738,000 appropriated $1,500,000, and authorized contracts not to exceed in the aggregate the sum of $1,450,000 additional. The act approved February 28, 1923, making appropriations for the government of the District of Columbia for.the fiscal year end- ing June 30, 1924, and for other purposes, appropriated $1,500,000 for continuing the work and allowed authorizations not to exceed in the aggregate the sum of $6,150,000, including all appropriations and contract authorizations therein and theretofore made. This act also provided that the Secretary of War shall submit to Congress, on the first day of the next and each succeeding regular session of Con- gress until the entire project shall have been completed, a report. showing the progress of the work and any revised estimates of cost, etc. The act approved June 7, 1924, making appropriations for the government of the District of Columbia for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, and for. other purposes, appropriated $1,500,000 for continuing the work and allowed authorizations not to exceed in the aggregate the sum of $8,900,000, including all appropriations and contract authorizations therein and theretofore made. The act approved March 3, 1925, making appropriations for the government of the District of Columbia for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, and for other purposes, appropriated $2,500,000 for continuing the work and allowed authorizations not to exceed in the aggregate the sum of $9,169,000, including all appropriations and contract authorizations therein and theretofore made. The act approved May 10, 1926, making the appropriations for the government of the District of Columbia for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1927, and for other purposes, appropriated $1,500,000 for continuing the work. No further funds have been requested or appropriated for the completion of this project. Recommended modifications of project.--None. References to published articles not previously reported'.-None. Local cooperation.-Of the appropriations so far made, $25,000 has been appropriated wholly out of the revenues of the United States, $3,200,000 out of revenues payable 60 per cent by the District of Columbia and 40 per cent by the United States, and of the balance' after June 30, 1924, the District of Columbia will pay all required above lump sum appropriated from United States revenues. OPERATIONS AND RESULTS DURING FISCAL YEAR Construction of the tunnel for the second high service.-Work under the contract with Allen Pope, of Washington, D. C., was cornm- 2046 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 pleted July 14, 1927, and final payment was tendered the contractor. Upon his refusal the entire matter was submitted to the department for settlement, which had not been made up to the end of the fiscal year. Consttr tion of the power plant.-Work under the contract with Parsons & Hyman (Inc.), of Washington, D. C., was completed October 25, 1927, and final payment made November 5, 1927. Construction of six dwellings.-Work under the contract with the Metropolitan Construction Co. (Inc.), of Washington, D. C., was completed September 21, 1927, and final payment made September 26, 1927. Furnishing, installing, and testing electric freight elevator.- Work under the contract with the Westbrook Elevator Manufac- turing Co. (Inc.), of Danville, Va., was completed December 7, 1927, and final payment made December 17, 1927. Furnishing, installing, and testing two hand-power traveling cranes.-Work under the contract with the Armington Engineering Co., of Euclid, Ohio, was completed September 22, 1927, and final payment made September 22, 1927. Furnishing,installing, and testing pneumatic conveying and dust- recovering equipment.-Work under the contract with the Dust Re- covering & Conveying Co., of Cleveland, Ohio, was completed Janu- ary 19, 1928, and final payment made February 4, 1928. Furnishing, installing, ands testing two motor-driven pumping units.-Work under the contract with the DeLaval Steam Turbine Co., of Trenton, N. J., was completed March 24, 1928, and final pay- ment made April 12, 1928. Constructionof pipe line for Arlington County sanitary district.- Work under the contract with the Lock Joint Pipe Co., of Ampere, N. J., was completed October 13, 1927, and final payment made March 26, 1928. Construction of an extension to the third high pipe line.-Work under contract with the Lock Joint Pipe Co., of Ampere, N. J., was completed November 18, 1927, and final payment made January 9, 1928. Use of patented process for manufacture of aluminum sulphate.- Work under the contract with Charles P. Hoover, of Columbus, Ohio, was completed November 12, 1927, and final payment made November 26, 1927. Lease of turntable and dump cars.-Work under the lease with the Fred Drew Co. (Inc.), of Washington, D. C., was completed August 19, 1927, and final payment made August 30, 1927. Drilling 10-inch shaft.-Bids were opened January 30, 1928, for drilling a 10-inch shaft for the water-supply tunnel, and the con- tract was awarded to F. N. Hagmann, jr., of Vienna, Va., February 13, 1928. Work under this contract was completed Apri 7, 1928, and final payment made April 23, 1928. Repairs to old Washington City tunnel.-Bids were opened March 1, 1928, for making repairs to the Washington City water-supply tunnel, and the contract was awarded to Warren F. Brenizer Co., of Washington, D. C., April 6, 1928. Work under this contract was completed May 7, 1928, and final payment made May 24, 1928. INCREASING WATER SUPPLY, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 2047 Construction of third high reservoir.-Bids were opened April 25, 1928, for the construction of the third high reservoir, and the contract was awarded to H. S. Hatton Construction Corporation, of Washington, D. C., May 16, 1928. The percentage of completion is stated in a subsequent paragraph. Furnishing,installing, and testing motor-driven pumping u its.- Work under contract with Worthington Pump & Machinery Corpo- ration, New York City, was completed, but final tests and computa- tions remained before final payment could be made. Furnishing, installing, and testing two hydraulic turbines.---Work under contract with S. Morgan Smith Co., York, Pa., was com- pleted, but final payment was held up until minor alterations were made. Furnishing, installing, and testing two generators, automatic switching and electrical equipment.--Work under contract with the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co., Washington D. C., was completed, but final payment was held up pending further tests and minor alterations. The total cost of work done during the year, including actual expenditures and outstanding liabilities at the end of the year, is as follows: Lands and easements -------------------------------------- $1, 515.15 First, second, and third high pipe line_____---- - ---------- _ 6,465.19 Filtration plant ----------------------------------------- 196, 827.48 Pumping station----- --------------------------------- 181, '66.,40 Power plant------------------------------------------------- 175, 255. 86 First and second high reservoirs---------------______-------- 3,083. 15 Second high tunnel-------------------------------------- 15, 483.11 Pipe line from old filtered water reservoir__----------------- - 80, 081. 80 Shaft for water-supply tunnel -------------------------------- 1, 229. 34 Repairs to Washington City tunnel___________-,-___________ 35, 327. 81 Conduits and gate chamber_ --__---_-_- - -______ 5, 677. 92 Miscellaneous accruals--------_ ------------------ -------- -4439. 82 746, 406. Q3 The general location of the various items of work comprising the approved project is shown on the progress map herewith. The amount of work completed, computed in percentages of the estimated cost of each of the several contracts, are as follows: Conduit, division No. 1: Per cent Above station 28 ---------------- ------------------------- 100 Below station 28+------------------------------ ---- 100 Conduit, division No. 2__------------------ --- ---- ;- - 100 Conduit, division No. 3__-------------------------- ------ ---- :100 Filtration plant and pumping station substructures --.....-- .- 100 First and second high reservoirs------------------------------ 100 Second high service tunnel _______-------- --------------- 100 First, second, and third high pipe lines_ __-____-_______ Furnishing, installing, and testing motor-driven pumping units---------- 100 __ 100 ...--- Use of patented process for manufacture of aluminum sulphate 1-------- -100 Filtration plant superstructures ------------------ 100 Power plant------------------------------------------------100 Cross-connection gate chambers and repairs to old conduit-.---- __---- 100 Pipe line from old filtered water reservoir------------------------- 100 Furnishing, installing, and testing 2 hydraulic turbines---------------100 Furnishing, installing, and testing 2 hand-power traveling o100 cranes- .--. Furnishing, installing, and testing electric freight elevator- ---- - .- 100 14710-ENG 1928------129 $4 & OF VPORT, - ~CHIEF OF ENGINEE~RS, -Ui S. ARMY, 192 8 Per cent F 'i sing, instpiing, and testing 2 motor-driven pumping units---------- 100 .Furnishing, installing, and testing pneumatic conveying and dust recover- inrg equipment- ---- - ----------- ---------------- 100 Furnishing, installing, and testing 2 generators, autobiatic switching and electrical equipment---------------------------- ----------- 100 Constyution of 6 dwellings------------------------------------- 100 Construction of pipe line for Arlington County sanitary district---------. 100 Construction of an extension to the third high pipe line------ ..... - - 100 -Laseae:of turntable and dump cars------------------------ --------- 100 Drilling 10-inch shaft----- ----------------------------------- 100 Rppairs to old. Washington City tunnel __ __--------------- 100 Construction of third high reservoir-------------- 3 ,T.he, net result of these .operations during the year was the virtual completion of the entire project to the extent that it was operated on a test basis for several months, at times carrying the entire load for the city of Washington. Itnvi~ed statement of expenditwures and work to June 30, 1928 Land and easements- - -. -------------------- $127, 989. 38 Plans, estiiates, and specifications- ------------------------ 100, 545.46 Filtration plant.-- ----- .---- ---- --- -- 2, 213, 027. 28 Relocation of railroad tracks_- 13, 849. 50 Power plant------ ------------------------------------- 391, 278.,52 First and second high reservoirs--- ..... ------- ----- 628, 957. 96 First, second, and third high pipe lines _____ __--- - __--1, 173, 264. 93 pipe lile from old filtered water reservoir-------------------- 119, 047. 77 second high tunnel-------------------------------------- 320, 344. 64 CoIiditt, tunnel and gate chamber------ - ---------------- 2, 833, 619.84 'Repairs to existing works-------------- ---- 256, 836. 68 Pumping station---_---_---------------------------------424, 174. 04 8, 602, 936. 00 PROPOSED OPERATIONS .,few remaining items of mechanical equipment will be completed A and tested and the plant will be on a full maintenance and operation basis. CONTRACTS IN FORCE Construction of second high tunnel Contractor __ - ----------- Allen Pope, Washington, D. C. Date of contract____-___-------_ Dec. 3, 1924. Date of approval_ ____ - __--- Dec. 18, 1924. )Dateof commencement------------- Jan. 23, 1925. 'Date fixed for completion-----------Dec. 24, 1926. Amount of contract - ----- $230,270. Completed at end of fiscal year_ 100 per cent. Final payment made --------------- Refused by contractor. Construction of power plant Contractor----------------------- Parsons & Hyman (Inc.), Washington, D. C. Date of contract_- _------ May 28, 1926. Date of approval--------- ------ June 14, 1926. Date of commencement __------------- July 17, 1926. ,Date fixed for completion ----------- Jan. 17, 1927. Amount of contr-,act..- --- - $209,400. Completed at end of fiscal year - --- 100 per cent. Final payment made-- - -Nov. 5, 1927. WAR DEPARTME4T CORPS OF ENGINEERS U. S.ARMY. AQ.EO JC. DIV.O . Z - FC ® o 0.2 ou o '2. FILTRATIONd soPLANT SUSTUCUR CAT ' " CH RN3I ,"4 b'fL LA NPARK FLRTOP :4EPRPWCRT DIVISIONS OF WORK PER CENT COMPLETE -"-- -,"'-'+_, HIGH RESERVOIR--------- FIRST GRE A T FA L LS TUNNEL- -- --- b. , ,, ,./\ -\- ECOND IH REERVOR- ch al ume Mis FIRST JECONDHIGHP/PE & THIRD H/ PiPELiNE2Pumps LNES .... __ Hydrawic and Tur Motors. ines , E/ecricol Equipment SE C O N-PONNECTTION CRO$ D HIGH 7./NNEL - - - - - - - - --- -ERreh GATE CAMPOERS PEevotor Preumotifc Conveytny Eqlfment. AN Ot ClRS TO OLD CO UIT _ ~Rn"i E/o INCREASE OF W T OTAL ~~Fp$ PROJECT V sPgGi~~~''B~'~ ATER SUPPLY TIRLINE PiPE ROM HIGH P OLDLNE FILTERED WATER RES3 EXTENSI/ON--- Low LifY Pumps. DI, S C o Ma MECHANICAL EQL/IPMEN T(MI$C)- -___ DI ST RICT OF COLUMBIA RESS CHART WELLINGS FOREMPLOYKES LGENEARAL PROG TOT ROAECnm atW 14710 2 MILES REPAIRS TO OLD TUNNEL ---- _----- U. S. Engineer Office, Washington, D. C. ARLINGTON CO.SAN. DIST. PPE LINE- WELNSFRMLY -14710- Appoved. o -r,corps of Eng ineers Junep 30, )928. 28. (Face p. 2048.) JINCREASING WATER SUPPLY, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2049 Construction of six dwellings Contractor -------------------- . Metropolitan Construction Co. (Inc.), .Washington, D. C. Date of contract_____-_ __-----Oct. 30, 1926. Date of approval__ _____-------Dec. 4, 1926. Date of commencement- an. 7, 1927. J---------- Date fixed for completion ----------- Sept. 8,_ 1927. Amount of contract_---------------- $77,000. Completed at end of fiscal year -___-_ 100 per cent. Final payment made---------------Sept. 26, 1927. Furnishing, installing, and testing motor-driven pumping units Contractor-_ •- Worthington Pump & Machinery Cor- Date of contract_ Date of approval__ - _---___ poration, New York City. Apr. 18, 1925. -------------- May 4, 1925. Date of commencement-------------Aug. 4, 1925. Date fixed for completion of pumps and motors; final date of completion of installation, etc., dependent on prog- ress of work ---------- . _..May 6, 1926. Amount of contract---------------- $57,433. Completed at end of fiscal year-------..... 100 per cent. Final tests have been made and there is a bonus due which will be paid as soon as test data has been checked and approved. Furnishing,installing,: and testing two hydraulic turbines Contractor ----------------------- S. Morgan Smith Co., York, Pa. Date of contract---------------_ May 29, 1926. Date of approval--__--- __---- June 17, 1926. Date of commencement_ ------------ Sept. 21, 1926. Date fixed for completion ----------- Jan. 23, 1927. Amount of contract -_ $25,700. Completed at end of fiscal year------...... 100 per cent. The work has been completed. and tested, but final payment has been held up until minor alterations have been made. Furnishing, installing, and testing two generators, automatic switching and electrical equpment Contractor -----------------------Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co., Washington, D. C. Date of contract____ ---- ___ _ Nov. 6, 1926. Date of approval-_,_ Nov. 17, 1926. Date of commencement_-- ------ __Dec. 21, 1926. Date fixed for completion (shipment) Amount of contract_ --- _-_--- -- Mar. 21, 1927. $114,499. Completed at end of fiscal year... __ _ 100 per cent. The work has been completed, but final payment has been held up pending further tests and minor alterations. Furnishing,installing, and testing electric freight elevator Contractor-----------------------Westbrook Elevator Manufacturing Co. (Inc.); Danville, Va. Date of contract________ __ ___ May 15, 1926. Date of approval__------------- Aug. 4, 1926. Date of commencement------------- Sept. 9, 1926. Date fixed for completion (shipment)__ Apr. 10, 1927. Amount of contract_ -___ -___ $5,925. Completed at end of fiscal year- .-100 per cent. Final payment made- ----------- Dec. 17, 1927. 2050 RfEPORT OF CHIEF OF EI Nib EERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Use of patented process for manufacture of aluminum sulphate Contractor-_- Charles P. Hoover, Columbus, Ohio. Date of articles of agreement -...... Dec. 22, 1924. Date of approval_ Jan. 13, 1925. Date of commencement_ .. No date set. ---- Date fixed for completion No date set. Amount of contract_ $1,000. Completed at end of fiscal year 100 per cent. Final payment made_ Nov. 26, 1927. Furnishing, installing, and testing two hand-power traveling cranes Contractor - The Armington Engineering Co., Eu- clid, Ohio: Date of contract . June 2, 1926. Date of approval________ June 23, 1926. Date of commencement for-- 44-foot crane_ July 7, 1926. 19-foot crane Sept. 25, 1926. Date fixed for completion for- 44-foot crane Aug. 27, 1926. 19-foot crane (shipment) Feb. 27, 1927. Amount of contract $3,110. Completed nal at end of fiscal year _ 100 per cent. Final payment made-.- Sept. 22, 1927. Furnishing, installing, and testing pneumatic conveying and dust-reco erfrg equipment Contractor_----------------------- The Dust Recovering & Conveying Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Date of contract ___-_"_------- Aug. 27, 1926. Date of approval------------------Nov. 15, 1926. Date of commencement-------------Nov. 29, 1926. Date fixed for completion-----------Sept. 19, 1927. Amount of contract_____________---- $15,850. Completed at end of fiscal year------- 100 per cent. Final payment made --------------- Feb. 4, 1928. Furnishing,installing, and testing two motor-driven pumping units Contractor-_-------------- ------ DeLaval Steam Turbine Co., Trenton, N. J. Date of contract -__------Jan. 5, 1927. Date of approval ---------------- Mar. 5, 1927. Date of commencement-------------Apr. 7, 1927. Date fixed for completion-----------Sept. 8, 1927. Amount of contract---------------- $16, 986. Completed at end of fiscal year------- 100 per cent. Final payment made --------------- Apr. 12, 1928. Construction of pipe line for Arlington County sanitary district Contractor---------------------- Lock Joint Pipe Co., Ampere, N. J. Date of contract------ -- - -- Mar. 18, 1927. Date of approval__---- -------- Apr. 9, 1927. Date of commencement_ - Apr. 25, 1927. Date fixed for completion--------- July 14, 1927. Amount of contract_ ------------- $50,505. Completed at end of fiscal year ...... 100 per cent. Final payment made-------------- Mar. 26, 1928. INCREASING WATER SUPPLY, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 2051 Construction of an extension to third high pipe line Contractor _ _ _ Lock Joint Pipe Co., Ampere, N. J. Date of contract - - - Apr. 28, 1927. Date of approval May 18, 1927. Date of commencement June 3, 1927. Date fixed for completion Nov. 20, 1927. Amount of contract $448,560. Completed at end of fiscal year 100 per cent. Final payment made Jan. 9, 1928. Lease oJ turntable and dump cars Contractor..- Fred Drew Co. (Inc.), Washington, D. C. F_____i- Date of lease ________-___ ____ June 20, 1927. Date of commencement --------- Do. Date fixed for completion-----------July 19, 1927. Date of renewal July 20, 1927. Date of expiration--___-- - _----_ Aug. 19, 1927. Rental charge___________-___ _ $3 per day. Completed at end of fiscal year Final payment made --------------- --.. 100 per cent. __ Aug. 30, 1927. Drilling 10-inch shaft Contractor____ F. N. Hagmann, jr., Vienna, Va. Date of contract_ Feb. 13, 1928. Date of approval_, __ Feb. 18, 1928. Date of commencement_ Mar. 5, 1928. Date of completion__ Apr. 9, 1928. Amount of contract_ $1,200 more or less. Completed at end of fiscal year 100 per cent. Final payment made_ Apr. 23, 1928. Repairs to old Washington city tunnel Contractor_-___---------- Warren F. Brenizer Co., Washington, D. C. Date of contract _____ -_____- -_ Apr. 6, 1928. Date of approval_______________-_ Apr. 7, 1928. Date fixed for commencement -------- Apr. 21, 1928. Date fixed for completion----------- May 26, 1928. Amount of contract---------------- $33,900 more or less. Completed at end of fiscal year ------- 100 per cent. Final payment made--------------- May 24, 1928. Water main and addition to Reno Reservoir Contractor_----------------------- H. S. Hatton Construction Corporation, Washington, D. C. Date of contract .______ ___ __May 16, 1928. Date of approval__ __ ______----- June 5, 1928. Date of commencement-------------July 8, 1928. Date of completion---------------- Jan. 4, 1929. Amount of contract_______-- - $81,838. Completed at end of fiscal year------- 3 per cent. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928 ------------ ..-------- $8, 602, 936. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928----------------------- ---- - Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928------- ---- 50, 569,. 52 Net total cost to June 30, 1928 ----------------------- 8, 653, 505. 52 Add accounts receivable Jane .30, ,1928--------------- ----- - 5,3.91.73 Gross total costs .to June 30, 1928-.----. --- ..... 8, 658, 897. 25 2052 REPORTr OF CHIEF OFiENGINEERS, U. S ARMVIY,:d .$ 8 Minus accounts payable June 30, :1928----_----_--- $9, 015. 70 Net total expenditures-------, . ------ 8, 649, 881. 55 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928--- --- .-- --- 7--- 7'5, 218.45 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928-------__ 8,725, 100.00 Fis~l year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work....-------------------------- -- --------------------------- $630, 457. 44 Cost ofmaintenance- ..... .- - --- . Total expended.------------- $1, 214, 640. 23 $2, 198, 975. 23 $1, 851, 537. 28 $2, 200, 758. 92 714, 647. 48 Appropriated------------................ 1,500,000. 00 2, 525, 100.00 1, 500, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927- -..-----...---- ---- $789, 865. 93 Gross amount expended...----------------------------------- 714, 647. 48 Balance. unexpended June.30, 1928-----. --.., ----... 75,218. 45 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928--------------- $44, 500.00 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts- -___--__ 25, 485. 65 69, 985. 65 Balance available June 30, 1928 -------------------------- 5, 232. 80 WATER MAIN AND ADDITION TO RENO RESERVOIR Cost of new work to June 30, 1928--------------------------$503, 180. 96 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928----------------- - ------ -_------------ Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928_-__.--- 1, 089. 60 Net total expenditures--------- ------------------------ 502, 091.36 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928_ 197, 908. 64 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 __________--__- 700, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost ofnew work----------.. .----------------------------------------------- $503, 180.96 Cost ofmaintenance ......... ........... . Total expended ......----------.....------------ .. --.--- ------ 502,091.36 Allotted.... ...... ...... $700, 000. 00 . ....------------------------------------------------------- Balance unexpended July 1, 1927 , -- $700, 000. 00 Gross amount expended ----- 502, 091. 36 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928_ -___- -___---__--- 197, 908. 64 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928----------------$5, 600.00 Amount covered by uncompleted contracts ________-_ 81, 838.00 87, 438. 00 Balance available June 30, 1928___ ____--------------- 110, 470. 64 PIPE LINE FOR ARLINGTON COUNTY SANITARY DISTRICT Cost. of new work to June 30, 1928--------- ------------------ $69, 868.63 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928_--- _--------------- Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928------------------------ - 575.75 Net total expenditures .- - ------------ 69, 292. 88 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928---- , 707.12 5----------------------- STotal amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------- ..------ 75,000. 0 MONUMENT AND iWHRF, WAICEFIELD, VA. 2053 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1926a 1926 1927 1928. Cost of new work..................... ............---- ----- --...............--- .......-- ------- $62, 341. 95 Cost of maintenance........-............... _ .- ..----._- _ Total expended- --..-.. ..... L.., . . .---- .---- I .I-- ..... - =- --.- - $7, 526. 68 61, 766.20 Allotted--------------.. ---- -------------------- -------. ------ ---------- 75, 000.00 ...... Balance unexpended July 1, 1927----- -- ,-. ------- -$67, 473. 32 Gross amount expended- -- ---------------------------------- 61766.20 1---, Balance unexpended June 30, 1928----------------------- 5,707.12 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928--.---------- $575. 75 -- Amount covered by uncompleted contracts----------------- 350. 00 925. 75 Balance available June 30, 1928---------------------------- 4,781.'37 RESERVATION AND MONUMENT, WAKEFIELD, VA., THE BIRTIPLACE OF GEORGE WASHINGTON I District engineer: Maj. Brehon Somervell, Corps of Engmeers. Division engineer: Col. W. J. Barden, Corps of Engineers. Location and description.-Wakefield, the birthplace of George Washington, is located in Westmoreland County, Va., on the west bank of Pope Creek, 1 mile above its mouth. Pope Creek is a small, tidal stream flowing into the Potomac River 74 miles below Washing- ton, D. C. Originalcondition.-The land now included in the Wakefield reser- vation was originally a part of a farm and without any marker to indicate the location of the old Washington home. The place was inaccessible to visitors, as there were no river landings or roads lead- ing to the vicinity. Previous project.-By act approved June 14, 1879 (21 Stats. 50), and amended February 26, 1881 (21 Stats. 519), Congress authorized. the construction of the monument now marking the location of the birthplace of Washington and the acquisition of grounds and rights of way. By act approved February 25, 1893 (27 Stats. 756), Congress authorized the construction of a wharf in the Potomac River at a point convenient to the monument. The amount expended under these projects was $29,608. Existing project.-This provides for the maintenance, care, and improvement of the reservation and monument. It began with the' act of Congress approved May 28, 1896 (29 Stats. 164), providing for a watchman and maintenance. The act of Congress approved February 12, 1925 (43 Stats. 929), in addition to providing for the continued care of the grounds, made an appropriation for the con struction of a road and general improvement of the grounds. Recommended modifications of project.-House bill 12807, Seven- teith Congress, first session, proposes the general improvement of Wakefield at a cost of $450,000, in connection with the bicentennial celebration of the anniversary of the birth of George Washington in 1932. .: References to published articles not. previously reported.-None. iL oal cooperation.-None. . Terminal facilities.-None. 205 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY 1928 Effect of improvement.-The site of George Washington's birth- place has been preserved, the grounds have been made accessible to the public, and an increasing number of tourists visits the reservation. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The monument, grounds, roads, and miscellaneous structures were maintained and repaired, and studies and plans were made for the development of the reservation at a cost of $2,811.01. A shelter and other minor improvements were constructed on the grounds and guard rails constructed on the road to the wharf at a cost of $1,388.99. A total of about 12,500 persons visited the grounds during the year. The total cost for new work was $1,388.99, and for maintenance $2,811.01. The total expenditures were $2,959.76. Condition at end of f~cal year.-The monument, grounds, and 1.6 miles of gravel roads were in good condition, the right-of-way fencing was in fair condition, and the wharf is wrecked. A bill (Public, No. 843, 69th Cong., 1st sess.) authorizes the Wake- field National Memorial Association to construct on the reservation a replica ,of the house in which George Washington was born. The history of the monument and wharf is given on pages 1679 and 1680 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1915. Proposed operations.-The funds appropriated for the fiscal year 1929, $3,500, will be applied as follows: Maintenance, care, and improvement of reservation and monument-_ ..---- $1,800 Maintenance and improvement of roads_.- .- - _ 1, 200 Miscellaneous surveys and reports__--____ -_______------_ 500 Total ..------------....-------------- -------------------- 3,500 It is expected that the funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1929. The sum of $2,500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1930, as follows: Maintenance, care, and improvement of reservation and monument- ---- $1, 800 Maintenance and improvement of roads_--__ Miscellaneous surveys and reports_--_-- _------ ___________-----6_ - --------- _ 600 100 Total ------------------------------------------------ 2, 500 Financial summary IMPROVEMENTS, BIRTHPLACE OF GEORGE WASHINGTON, WAKEFIELD, VA., 1926 July 1, 1927, balance unexpended- ----- - $5.31 June 30, 1928, carried to surplus fund------ . ------....--.------- 5.31 July 1, 1928, balance available.. ___ ______...... IMPROVEMENTS, BIRTHPLACE OF GEORGE WASHINGTON, WAKEFIELD, VA., 1927 July 1, 1927, balance unexpended ------------..---------.. $659. 67 June 30, 1928, amount expended during fiscal year--- 110. 00 July 1, 1928, balance available-------------------------------- 549.67 S M£PROVEMENTS, BIRTHPLACE OF GEORGE WASHINGTON, WAKEFIELD, VA., 1928 Amount appropriated by act approved Feb. 23, 1927--------------$4 200. 00 June 30, 1928, amount expended fiscal year-------------------------- 2, 959. 76 Jurily 1, 1928, balance unexpenided --------------- 1, 240. 24 July 1, 1928, outstanding liabilities ---------..-----.. 1--. 1, 240. 24 July 1, 1928, balance available -,,--,-------------- ------ NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES 2055 SURVEY OF NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES [Conducted by the United States Lake Survey Offce, Detroit, Mich.] District engineer: Lieut. Col. G. B. Pillsbury, Corps of Engineers, to April 12, 1928; and Lieut. Col. E. J. Dent, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineer: Col. Spencer Cosby, Corps of Engineers. Location and description.-The operations under appropriations "'Survey of northern and northwestern lakes" cover the American waters of the Great Lakes and their connecting and outflow rivers from St. Regis, on the St. Lawrence River, to the heads of Lakes Michigan and Superior; the natural navigable waters of the New York State canals; Lake Champlain; and Lake of the Woods and other boundary and connecting waters between said lake and Lake Superior. The operations have also been extended at times into Canadian waters, to include main traveled courses for American com- merce and boundary rivers, where surveys were essential to the in- tegrity of the navigation charts. The areas of the various water- ways and the lengths of their shore lines are given on page 1690, Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1915. Original condition.-Prior to 1841, when the work of the. Lake Survey was begun, there were no charts of the Lakes except those of the British Admiralty, compiled from the surveys of Capt. H. W. Bayfield, of the Royal Navy, and these were not in general use by the masters of American vessels. These charts were of little use to the navigator, as they showed the depth of water in but few places and mapped but very few of the many dangerous reefs and shoals. The commerce, which was then largely confined to Lakes Erie and Ontario, was attended annually by much loss of life and property. Previous projects.-The initial appropriation for general surveys of the Lakes was carried by the act of Congress approved March 3, 1841, and this may be considered as the date of adoption of the original project. Slight modifications in the scope of the work were made by sub- sequent appropriation acts as follows: March 3, 1849; March 3, 1853; March 3, 1869; March 3, 1873; March 3, 1881; August 7, 1882; March 2, 1889; June 6,1900; June 28, 1902. The final appropriation previ- ous to the adoption of the existing project was provided by the sundry civil act of June 30, 1906. The aggregate of expenditures from the beginning of the work to and including those from funds appropriated by the act of June 30, 1906, is $3,973,897.31. For scope of previous projects, see page 3620 of Annual Report for 1916. Existing project.-The principal work of the Lake Survey is to secure and compile data affecting navigation of the Great Lakes and their connecting waters, including changes in lake levels and their causes, and to issue such data in the form of charts, bulletins, and reports as a means to the protection and safety of lake commerce. One of the chief activities is the maintenance of a complete series of charts, revised as nearly as possible to date of issue. The constantly changing conditions of shores, harbors, and clhannels and the chang- ing requirements for lake vessels, which are gradually increasing in 2056 REPORT OF.. CHIEF OFENGINEERS, U:: S.: ARMY, 1928 size, necessitate the continuance of, surveys and investigations year after year with corresponding revision of the charts. As a result of the suspensioh of surveys from 1880 to 1900, during a. period of amazing growth of lake traffic, the charts became entirely inadequate and virtually obsolete., A large amount of field work additional to a normal maintenance was necessary to regain the lost ground. Appropriations for this purpose were started in 1900. After a few years of intensive surveys in the most important locali- ,jes it b came evidence that systematic resurveys over large portions of the lake were necessary in order to modernize the charts. A pro- gram or project for such resurvey, formulated in 1907, is described in the annual report for that year. Since the project was adopted the scope of operations; has been, enlarged by acts of Congress ap- proved March 4, 1911, June 23, 1913,, and August 1, 1914, to include the natural iavigable waters of the New York canals, Lake Cham- plain, and "the Lake of the Woods and other boundary and connect- ing waters between said lake and Lake Superior." The work is' organized under the following divisions: (1) Surveys for chartering purposes. (2) Preparing, correcting, printing, and issuing the charts. "(3) Publishing and distributing descriptive annual bulletins, with monthly stipplements and special notices to mariners supplementing the charts. (4) Investigation: of lake levels with a view to their regulation, including observations and studies of hydraulic conditions in the outlets. Suvey's-Grea t Lakes.-The existing general project, stated in detail in theAinnual Report for 1907, pages 844 and 850, comprises the following work necessary to render the surveys and the charts adequate to respond to all probable future demands, viz, the ascer- tainment and charting of lake depths in all significant regions of the Great Lakes to a plane 30 feet below the adopted low-water datum of the open lakes and 25 feet below the corresponding datum in the channels of the connecting rivers; the completion of trianogu- lation and precise leveling needed to control properly the areas under survey; river-discharge measurements; investigations of lake levels; itagnetic surveys in and near main vessel courses; and prompt exami- nation of areas where obstructions to navigation have been reported. Surveys--New York State cnals.-The sundry civil act of March 4, 1911, provided that the survey be extended to include the lakes and other natural navigable waters of the New York State canals. The project contemplated revision and adjustment by field recon- naissance of all existing survey data pertaining thereto, supple- mented by such additional topographic and hydrographic surveys as might be required for the publication of navigation charts of these waters. Field work under this project has been completed, and the full set of charts has been published. Surveys -Lake C1hampoi lar.-The scope of lake survey operations was extended by the sundry civil act of June 23, 1913, to include Lake Champlain, and accordingly jurisdiction of surveying and charting it was transferred from the Coast and Geodetic Survey. A definite project has not yet been formulated. It appears probable that quite extensive surveys will be necessary in order to modernize the charts, which are now, for the most part, made up from the original surveys of 1870-4874. : NOR ;PIEN, AND NROIBTWESTEEN LAKES 2057 SSurveys--Boundary waters between the Lake of the Woods: and Lake Superior.-The sundry civil act of August 1, 1914, extended the work of the lake survey to include these waters. The existing project provides for the preparation of: navigation charts of the American waters of the Lake of the Woods, complete with hydrography, and for the preparation of charts of the remainder of the boundary waters without hydrographic detail, there being no commerce warranting the preparation of complete navigation charts except on the Lake of the Woods. Charts.-The existing chart project, adopted April 17, 1909, pro- vides for revising old charts and preparing new ones. Further de- tails concerning it and a detailed statement of the work required to complete it are printed on pages 1918-1923 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1917. The number now in force, including one chart of the Lake of the Woods, is 119. The proposed series will include nine additional charts, viz, seven of the boundary waters from Lake of the Woods to Lake Superior, and one each of the Lake Champlain and Great Lakes series. Of the present Great Lakes charts one will be printed as an inset on an existing coast chart and one will be discontirued. The final series as now contemplated will therefore contain 126 separate charts as follows:. Estimated number of Lake Survey charts of Great Lakes _____-___ 106 Charts of natural navigable waters of the navigation system of New York State canals ------------------------------------------- ------ Charts of Lake Champlain --- ---------------------------------- 5 Charts of Lake of the Woods and adjacent boundary waters------------ 8 Number of charts contemplated in final series_--- ------- __- 126 -___ This is not considered a final and definite determination of the number of charts that will be needed. Changing conditions may indicate later the advisability of discontinuing some of those now issued or may show the need of charts not provided for in this project. Bulletins.-The work pertaining to the Bulletin of the Survey of Northern and Northwestern Lakes consists in publishing an annually revised volume of coast and harbor descriptions, etc., issued about April, and seven supplements containing changes and additions issued monthly from May to November. Investigation of lake levels.-The present general project is the continuation and extension of that published in the Annual Report for 1898, pages 3774-3776, which proposes the determination of the following questions: 1. The laws of flow in the interlake and outflow rivers at various staged of water. 2. The causes and extent of fluctuations of lake levels from year to year. 3. The effect on lake levels of Government improvements already made or that may be made. 4. The effect on lake levels of the Chicago Drainage Canal or other like artificial outlet. 5. The practicability and advisability of regulating lake levels by dams or locks and dams. 6. The nature and effect of currents, with special reference to the transporta- tion of loose material and its obstruction of channels. 7. The effect of gales, storm waves, and barometric pressure on lake levels and currets. , 2058 REPORT OF .CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, r .i AiIt@, 1928 8. Ice effects as respects action on channels and Interference with navigation. The work required in the series of observations may be summarized as fol- lows: (a) Measurements of discharge through and surface slopes of lake- connecting channels; (b) soundings and borings in rivers and lakes; (c) lake eKrrent observations and measurements; (d) continuous records of water gales, force and' direction of.winds, and ther meteorological data; at selected stations. A hydrograph, showing the monthly mean of water levels of the different lakes from January 1, 1860, to and including June, 1925, is included in the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, 1925, page 1970. Estimated cost of the work.-The additional work now required to complete the resurveys on the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain and the surveying and charting of the Lake of the Woods and adjacent waters in accordance with the existing project will cost about $225,000, provided funds are made available annually in amounts that can be expended most economically and effectively. This cost is additional to that of maintenance, which consists of revision and reissue of charts, revisory surveys, observation and study of lake levels, publication of bulletins supplements, and notices to mariners, and other normal activities, all of which may be regarded as a neces- sary and continuing service. The work must be carried on indefinitely if the vast commerce of the lakes is properly to be served. The estimated cost of maintenance is about $115,000 per annum. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-At the time the project was adopted no con- ditions were imposed by law to provide for local cooperation. The Lake Survey has always received valuable assistance from the dis- trict engineer offices, with which there is excellent cooperation, and has frequently been furnished important information and data by mariners or from other private sources. The Hydrographic Survey of Canada and the office of the State Engineer and Surveyor of New York have also supplied a large amount of data used in the preparation of general, charts of the lakes and New York canal charts, respectively; and the International :Boundary Commission and the International Joint Commission have furnished results of triangulation, levels, and topographic surveys on the Lake of the Woods and adjacent waters, which are of valuable assistance in the surveys and charting of those waters. Terminal facilities.-All terminal facilities on waters included in the scope of Lake Survey operations are served by its surveys and charting of the canals, lakes, rivers, and harbors which carry the commerce to and from these terminals. The character and extent of the terminal facilities are described in annual reports of the Chief of Engineers on river and harbor improvements. Effect of improveinent.-The present degree of safety to life and property in the navigation of the Great Lakes is largely due to the work of the Lake Survey. It has been an important factor in bring- ing about the low freight rates on these waters, which, roughly, are but about one-thirteenth of the average rail ton-mile rate. Operations and results during the fiscal year--Surveys.-The three parties at work in the field on July 1, 1927,. continued operations until October 4, 5, and 24, respectively. Four parties were organized in I1ORTfR.i ARiT N fitWESTElRN LAKES 2050 the spring of 1928 and took the field on May 3, May 15, May 21, and June 1.s They were continuously employed to the end of the fiscal year. Localities and character of work are as follows: Lake Superior.-Along the south shore from Sand Island of the Apostle Group to the mouth of Brule River, and along the northerly side of Isle Royal, sounding and sweeping; central portion of lake westerly of line from Sand Island to Beaver Bay, deep-sea sounding and magnetic surveys. Straits of Mackinac.-Between Mackinac and Bois Blanc Islands on the south and Les Cheneuaux Islands and St. Martin Islands on the north, sound- ing and sweeping; St. Martins Bay, sounding. St. Clair River.-Fort Gratiot to dry-dock section, slope measurements; at dry-dock section and in the channels east of Woodtick and Stag Islands, dis- charge measurements; St. Clair to Roberts Landing, establishment of standard cross-sections and measurement of their areas. Lake thamplain.-Vicinity of Burlington, Vt,, harbor surveys. Lakes of the Woods.-From vicinity of Windigo Island southeasterly past Falcon Island, and from Oak and Birch Islands southerly past Big Island, sounding, sweeping, and topography. Miscellaneous.-Inspection, care, and repair of gauges, observation of surface and bottom water temperatures, etc. Charts.-Duringthe year ended June 30, 1928, the chart division corrected plates and printed 17 editions of charts, and reprints one chart from plates previously prepared. At the end of the fiscal year the plates for 10 existing charts were being corrected for current changes, preparatory to printing main- tenance editions; also two new charts were in course of preparation. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1928, the number of charts sold by the Detroit office as 17,828 and by'the Buffalo, New York,; and Albany offices 2,351, the aggregate sales being 20,179. The pro- ceeds of the sales, amounting to $7,607.40, were deposited to the credit of the Treasurer of the United States. The Detroit office issued 3,443 charts for official use, and the Buffalo, Albany, and New York offices 364, a total of 3,807. Bulletin, etc. The present edition of the bulletin is 2,100 copies. Supplements Nos. 3 to 7, Bulletin No. 36, were issued between July and November, 1927. Copy for Bulletin No. 37 was prepared during the winter and for- warded to the Public Printer in March. The edition was received from the Public Printer in April. Supplements Nos. 1 and :2 were printed locally under contract and were issued in May and June, 1928. In addition to the above periodical publications, 12 mimeographed notices of monthly stages of the Lakes, and several ,special notices relating to conditions 'of immediate concern to navigation were sent to newspapers, vessel interests, and Government officials in the lake region. Investigation of lake levels.-Eleven automatic gauges and one sta f gauge were operated at the standard stations on the Lakes and the connecting rivers throughout the year. An automatic gauge was maintained at St. Clair Flats Canal during the open season. In connection with the hydraulic work on the St. Clair River, automatie gauges were operated temporarily at Lexington, Marysville, St Clair, Marine City, and Roberts Landing, and at the mouth of Black River. The discharge from Lake Huron was measured from SReptember .9 to 23, 1927, and from May 23, 1928, to the end of the y.ear. 2060 REPORT OF CHIEF OF:ENGINEERS, U.~S. ARMY, 1928 Compilation of rainfall and run-off data for the Lakes region has been continued, and further study made of the problems of lake regulation. The total cost for new work during the year was $86,090.49, and for. maintenance $64,773.30, aggregating $150,863.79. The total ex- penditures during the year, after deducting receipts from sales, were $154,161.12. Condition at the end of the flscal yearr.--It is estimated that the field work accomplished prior to 1907, when the present project for surveys on the Great Lakes was formulated, will furnish about 50 per cent of the aggregate survey data which will be available and of live value when this project is completed. On the same basis, the progress to June 30, 1928, is 96 per cent. The present status of operations is about as follows: The project work on triangulation, precise leveling, topography, ordinary sounding (including sweep- ing), and hydraulic measurements is considered finished; deep-sea sounding is 16 per cent complete, and magnetic observations 97 per cent complete on land and 54 per cent on water. The project for New York State canal surveys has been completed. The resurvey of Lake Champlain was started in June, 1928. The work on the Lake of the Woods and adjacent waters at the end of the fiscal year was about 60 per cent complete. Charts.--On June 30, 1928, there were in force 119 charts, compris- ing, 106 lake survey charts of the Great Lakes, 4 of Lake Champlain, 7 of New York State canals, 1 of Lake of the Woods, and 1 Hydro- graphic Office chart of the Great Lakes. These charts are on sale at the Lake Survey office at Detroit, at the canal office at Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., and at the United States Engineer offices in Buffalo, Albany, and New York City. Complete sample sets are on file at the United States Engineer offices at Duluth, Milwaukee, Chicago, Grand Rapids, Cleveland, and Oswego, affording additional facilities for examination and selection before placing orders. From 1882 to June 30, 1928, a total sum of $110,588.19 was derived from the sale of charts and deposited in the United States Treasury. In all, 801,616 of these charts have been sold and issued for actual service. The following table shows the condition of work under the chart project at the end of the fiscal year: Lake survey charts of Great Lakes: Total number of new or revised charts completed for both standards (geodetic datum. and low water) on June 30, 1928---------------103 Charts revised for geodetic datum alone------------------------- 2 Charts revised for low-water reference alone---------------------- 1 Total unit count on June 30, 1928 ---------------------------- 106 Total number of insets appearing on published charts on June 30, 1928 51 Total number of charts revised for geodetic datum (combining the 103 and 2 above)-------------------------------------------- 105 Total number of charts revised for low-water reference (combining the 103 and 1 above)---------------------------------------- 104 Charts of New York State canals: Completed, based on both standards----------------------------- 7 Charts of Lake Champlain: Completed, based on both standards ----------------------------- 4 Hydrographic Office charts: Chart of Lakes Erie and Ontario on Mercator projection--- ---------- 1 Charts of Lake of the Woods series: Completed, based on both standards ------------------------ 1 NORITHERN AND iORTWESTERN LAKES : 2 1 For completion of the chart project for the Great Lakes, Like Champlain, and the New York canals as outlined on pages 1919-1922 of the Chief of Engineers Report for 1917, and of the chart project for Lake of the Woods and adjacent waters adopted April 24, 1928, the following work, a portion of which is well advanced, remained unfinished on June 30, 1928: (a) The preparation and issue of nine entirely new charts, viz, Burlington Harbor, Niagara River, and seven charts of Lake of the Woods and adjacent boundary waters. (b) The preparation and issue of two new charts to replace charts ;now obsolete or soon to become so, viz, Detroit River and Lake St. Clair. The latter is nearly ready for publication. (o) The revision for projection of one chart, viz, Portage Lake Harbor. (4) The preparation and addition to appropriate coast or other charts of two insets of harbors, one of which is to be newly engraved, viz, Ford )River, Mich., and one to be reproduced from present harbor chart, viz, Fairport, Ohio. The bulletins, which contain descriptions of coast lines, harbors, channels, menaces to navigation, and other important information supplementary to the charts, but of too voluminous a character to be incorporated thereon, are issued free in connection with the charts. They are distributed annually according to a carefully revised mail- ing list, and a stock of the current bulletin and the supplements thereto is kept on hand for issue to new chart purchasers. Investigation of lake levels.-The formulas expressing the laws of flow with respect to varying lake stages and the years of measure- ment from which they were derived are printed on page 1928 of the Chief of Engineers Report for 1917. The conditions governing the outflow from Lake Superior have undergone numerous changes since the last hydraulic measurements were made, due to lock and canal construction and to the completion of regulating works in the rapids above the International Bridge. The formula of discharge for St. Marys River is therefore no longer applicable. As the flow of the river is now under artificial control, further measurements are not contemplated. The outlet of Lake Huron has undergone changes in regimen since the published formula for the St. Clair River was 'derived. The effect of these changes is being determined by a series of slope and discharge measurements which was begun in 1924 and will probably be completed in 1928. A new formula will be derived when the study is complete. The formulas for the Niagara and St. Lawrence Rivers are considered of high order and applicable to present conditions. Table Of medn ischarges Mean elevation for 68 years (1860-1927) above mean Corresponding mean discharge in cubic feet of water sea level, in feet per second 1 Lake Stage River Discharge S uperior............... .. ..............---------------------------- 602. 22 St. M arys (under regulation).... Michigan-Huron ..................... 580.94 St. Clair.........--------------------- 201, 000 St. Clair at Flats Canal ------- 575.48 Detroit- ..--- , 205,000 Erie....................... ,.......-------------------------------. 572.42 Niagara..------..------..------..-------05, 000 Ontario- ----------------............ ._ 246.09 St. Lawrence.......................---------------------- 239, 000 1 The volumes of discharge are for open-season flow and for the St. Clair, Niagara, and St. Lawrence Rivers are derived from the published formulas noted above. They do not include the flow in the Chicago Drainage Canal nor the flow from Lake Erie through the Welland and Erie Canals. The discharge for Detroit River is derived by adding a proportional amount of drainage for the Lake St. Clair Basin to the outflow through St. Clair River. 2,M REPORT OF CHIEF OFrENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 2 8 i.Monthly means of aater levels for stations named, expressed in feet above mean sea level [Adjusted levels of 19031 1927 1928 July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June Marquette..... 602. 64 602. 76 602. 66 602. 65 602. 54 602. 35 602. 13 601. 86 601. 73 601.85' 602. 15 602. 46 Milwauke.-... 579.-59 579.47 579. 21 579.10 578. 91 578. 72 578.64 578. 83 578. 93 579. 58 579. 98 580. 23 HarborBeacb.. 579. 57 579.49 579. 15 579. 13 578. 87 578.86 578. 83 578. 82 '578.99 579. 45 579. 89 580. 06 Cleveland----.. 572.17 572. 01 571. 64 571. 34 571.09 571.61 571.66 571.73 571.45 571.79 572.06 572. 39 Oswego-.... 246. 01 245. 77 245. 27 244. 99 244. 85 245. 65 246. 04 245.99 245. 97 246.42 246. 61 246. 59 The temperatures of air and of surface water over the Lakes have been observed at special stations and by the field parties engaged on hydrographic and magnetic work for several years. These and other meteorological data are being compiled, and study and analysis of the same are in progress for the purpose of determining the cause and probable extent of the fluctuations of lake levels and the nature and effect of lake currents. Costs and expenditures under existing project.-It is impracticable to determine separately the costs for new work and for maintenance since the adoption of the existing project. The approximate com- bined cost found by deducting expenditures under previous projects from the total cost of pertmanent work is $2,437,218.11. The total expenditures under the existing project up to June 30, 1928, amount to $2,547,649.20. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended on June 30, 1928, as follows: Payrient of outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928_11111111 $10, 132. 89 Magnetic surveys, deep-sea sounding, and harbor surveys ----- _ 31, 000. 00 Operation of steamer and launch---------------------. $18, 000 Expenses of survey party, field and office------------ 13, 000. Maintenance of gauges and investigation of water levels, including discharge measurements in the St. Clair River------------------18, 000. 00 Operation of floating plant--------------------------- $6, 000 Expenses, field and office----------- 000 1-------------------2, Survey,, Lake of the Woods to Rainy Lake___________________ 14, 000. 00 Operation of survey launch -----------------------$1,500 Expense of survey party, field and office -- _-__---- 12, 500 Survey of Lake Champlain__--___---------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Operation of launch ---------------------------- $2,000 Expenses of survey party, field and office------------- 13, 000 Chart preparation and issue ----------------------------- 39, 000. 00 Chart corrections and sales----------_____-_____-__ 7, 000. 00 Preparation of bulletin and preparation and publication of supple- iments ------------------------------------------------ 3, 000. 0 Supervision, clerical and office expenses, and miscellaneous---------23, 236. 21 Total 1------------------------------ 369.10 The funds will be used at a rate of about $16,000 per month prior to November 1 and after May 1, while survey parties are in the. field, and at a rate of about $8,500 per month during the remainder of the year. It is expected that they will be exhausted by June 30, 1929. For utilizing the existing organization and plant to the best ad- vantage in furtherance of the project, $147,000 can be profitably ex- NO}iTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN L ASES 2063 pended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 13,0; to be applied as follows: Magnetic surveys, deep-sea sounding, and harbor surveys---------- $33, 000 Operation of steamer and - ..,..-.-..,, ,$18 000 ,launch-- Expenses of survey. parties, field and office1----------- 15, 000 - Maintenance of gauges 'and investigation of water levels- -------- 6, 000 Detailed hydrographic survey of St. Clair River -_-----___---- - 15, 000 Operation of floating plant-- -------------------- --- 5,000 Expenses, field and office__------------------------ - 10,000 Survey of boundary waters east of Lake of the Woods-------------- 11,000 Operation of survey launch__------------------------ 1, 000 Expenses of survey party, field and office- ---------- _10,000 Survey of Lake Champlain__------------------ ---------------- 15, 000 Operation of launch--------------------- ----------- 2, 000 Expenses of survey party, field and office _________---13,000 Chart preparation, publication and distribution___ ------- 40, 000 Preparation of bulletin and preparation and publication of supple- ments-------------------- ---- ------------------ 3, 000 Supervision, clerical and office expenses, and miscellaneous- ----- - 24,000 Total--------- ----------------------------------- 147, 000 The safety of the immense and valuable commerce on the Great Lakes, present and prospective, is dependent to a large degree upon the accuracy and completeness of charts and bulletins. This fact necessitates diligent prosecution and early completion of the charting project. Suitable progress should also be made on the program for surveying and charting the Lake of the Woods, Rainy River, etc., work which has suffered much delay on account of insufficiency of funds. A detailed hydrographic survey of St. Clair River is needed to determine the effect on levels of Lakes Michigan and Huron of past changes in the regimen of their outlet and is necessary as a basis of future studies of like nature. The data to be secured are impor- tant in connection with matters pertaining to diversions of water from Lake Michigan, to the question of compensating therefor, and to the establishment of a suitable policy in regard to the dredging of sand and gravel from the river for commercial purposes. Cost and financia summary Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1928-------------- $6, 411, 115. 42 -118, Value of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928_-..... 916. 43 Net total cost to June 30, 1928------------ -- _---- 6, 530, 031. 85 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928------------------------- 8,485. 34 Net total expenditures ----------------------------- , 521, 546. 51 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928.----- ----- ---.. -----.- 160, 8369.10 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928__--- -- __-_ 6, 681, 915. 61 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work....------ --- ....------------.-----------------------.----------- $86, 090.49 Cost of maintenance....................--------------------------..............--------- -------........--------------- 64, 773. 30 Total cost---------- --- --------------------------------------------- 150, 79 863. Ttal expended------- '$78, 506. 05 $120, 519. 45 $142, 928. 14 $183, 159. 43 .. 154, 161. 12 -............75, 000.00 AllIotted-............_.. 275,000. 00 145, 000.00 181, 000. 00 159,000. 00 14710---ENG 1928--130 2064 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 2 8 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927....-.--------- -.. $155, 530. 22 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 23, 1928-------------....------..... $147,000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Feb. 23, 1927-------------- ------- 12, 000. 00 159, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for--------- -------------- 314, 530. 22 Gross amount expended ------------------- 155, 783.69 Less receipts from sales---- - -------------------- 1, 622. 57 154, 161. 12 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928------------------- 160, 369. 10 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928 -.. - 7, 704. 95 7..----- Amount covered by uncompleted contracts----------- 2, 427. 94 10, 132. 89 Balance available June 30, 1928-------------------- - 150, 236. 21 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------------ -------------------- 1160, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1930 : For new work -------------------------------------- 150,000. 00 For maintenance 9---------------------------- 197, 000. 00 Total -------------------------------------------- 1147, 000. 00 INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY WATERS SURVEYS, PREPARATION OF PLANS, ETC., ST. LAWRENCE RIVER Location adi description. The St. Lawrence River flows from Lake Ontario northeast into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The upper 113 miles forms the border between the United States and Canada. From Ogdensburg, N. Y., 62 miles below Lake Ontario, to Montreal, a distance of about 120 miles, the river falls about 224 feet. The fall is distributed among a number of rapids, around which the Canadian Government has constructed canals usable by vessels of 14-foot draft. Improvements by the Canadian Government have made the river navigable by ocean shipping from the mouth to Montreal. The monthly mean discharge varies from 191,000 to 320,000 cubic feet per second. Previous surveys.-Section 9 of the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, requested the International Joint Commission to investigate what further improvement of the St. Lawrence River between Mon- treal and Lake Ontario is necessary to make the same navigable for S cean-going vessels, together with the cost thereof. To carry out this investigation the United States and Canada each appointed an engineer, who as a board made a report to the International Joint Commission on June 24, 1921.. Present survey.-In pursuance of correspondence with the Ca- nadian Government, the President of the United' States appointed, on March 14, 1924, the St. Lawrence Commission, headed by the Hon. Herbert Hoover, Secretary of Commerce, and the Canadian Government appointed a parallel national advisory committee on the SExclusive of available funds. INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY WATERS 2065 St. Lawrence waterway project. Each Government also appointed three members of a joint engineering board, as follows: For the United States, Brig. Gen. Edgar Jadwin, then Assistant Chief of En- gineers; Col. William Kelly, Corps of Engieers, chief engineer Fed- eral Power Commission; Lieut. Col. G. B. Pillsbury, Corps of Engi- neers. For the Dominion of Canada, D. W. McLachlan, engineer of the Department of Railways and Canals; O. O. Lefebvre, chief engi- neer, Quebec Streams Commission; Brig. Gen. C. H. Mitchell, dean of the faculty of applied science and engineering, University of Toronto. The deficiency act of March 4, 1925, made available, under direc- tion of the President, not exceeding $275,000 of funds appropriated for maintenance and improvement of river and harbor works, to surveys of the St. Lawrence River, and the preparation of plans and estimates by the United States section of the joint board of engineers on the St. Lawrence River. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-All appendices to the report were completed. Total costs (new work), $1,293.44; total expenditures, $933.55 Condition at the end of the fiscal year.-The report of the board was submitted November 16, 1926. All appendices were completed and submitted in July, 1927. The total cost of the existing project to June 30, 1928, is $275,000, all for new work. The total expendi- tures to June 30, 1928, were $274,610.37. Proposed operations.-No further operations are proposed. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1928__------------------------$275, 000.00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928____-- ------...--.--- 389. 63 Net total expenditures_____------- --------- 274, 610. 37 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928---------------------------- 389. 63 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928------------- 275, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Cost of new work----- -------------- ------------ -- --------- --------------------- $1,293.44 Cost of maintenance........................................................................... Cost of maintenance --------- ---------------- , ------------------------------- ----------- 'otal expended---...------ ----- $15, 421. 33 $233,860.35 ..----------------- $24, 987. 70 933. 55 Allotted..............................-------------------------......------------. 275,000.00 ..----.......--..... ....--...... Balance uinexpended July 1, 1927 ... __- $1, 323. 18 Gross amount expended-------------------------- $958. 55 Less receipts from sales__----------------------------- 25. 00 933.55 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928------------------------ 389. 63 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1928------------------------------ 389. 63 PRESERVATION OF NIAGARA FALLS District engineer: Maj. DeWitt C. Jones, Corps of Engineers, to June 25, 1928; Maj. R. S. Thomas, Corps of Engineers, since that date. 2066 REPORT OF CHIEF .OF ENGINEERS,U. S. ARIMY, 192 Division engineer: Col. Spencer Cosby, Corps of Engineers, to June 15, 1928; Col. Edward H. Schulz, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Description.-The historical facts pertaining to operations of the War Department in behalf of the preservation of the scenic grandeur of the falls and rapids of Niagara River have been set:forth from time to time in annual reports of the Chief of Engineers, either by comprehensive statement or by reference to pertinent and explana- tory documents. This history in brief, including matters of legisla- tion, treaty, investigation, report, licensing, and supervision of water diversion for power development, etc., may be followed in substan- tially complete outline and chronological order by reference to the following pages in annual reports of the Chief of Engineers and_ appendices thereto: Pages 1703-1705, report of 1915; pages 2067-- 2069, report for 1920; and pages 2104-2105, report for 1921. A more. thorough consideration and comprehensive treatment of many of these matters, together with recommendations for treaty revision,. construction of remedial or compensatory works, and further develop- ment of power is given in a War Department report issued in June,, 1921, and entitled " Diversion of water from the Great Lakes and Niagara River." Operations during the fiscal year.-Records of water levels above. and below the Falls were obtained and filed. Records obtained from. the Niagara Falls Power Co. furnish water elevations in the gorge, of Niagara River at station No. 3. The district engineer maintained three self-registering gauges--one at Conners Island, as described on page 2108, Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1921; one at the lower level of the Black Rock Lock, Buffalo, N. Y., as described on page 2078, Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1923; and the third in the American rapids above the Falls, at the " wing- dam " site described in Senate Document No. 105, Sixty-second Con- gress, first session, page 30 and Plate I. The Black Rock gauge was, maintained throughout the year. The Conners Island gauge was removed December 27, 1927, for the winter season and was reinstalled April 21, 1928. The wing-dam gauge was removed December 23,. 1927, for the winter season and reinstalled April 20, 1928. Records of gauges maintained near Chippawa, Ontario, by the Hydroelectric- Power Commission of Ontario, were furnished by that commission. Financial matters.-The maintenance of these gauges and accumu- lation of records is primarily for uses concerning the supervision of diversions of water for power development and secondarily for uses pertaining to the preservation of Niagara Falls. Accordingly the cost of maintenance has been charged against the former work. SUPERVISION OF POWER COMPANIES DIVERTING WATER FROM NIAGARA RIVER Description--Thesupervision of power companies diverting water from Niagara River was commenced by the War Department in 1906, :pursuant to an act of Congress, for the purpose of preserving the navigable capacity of the river, its integrity, and proper volume as a boundary stream, and the scenic grandeur of the Falls and rapids. Each annual report of the Chief of Engineers since that time has contained a statement of such operations for the preceding INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY WATERS 2067 fiscal year, and some of them have given additional data and perti- nent information based upon special investigations and pertaining to matters outside the ordinary routine. These reports are as :follows: Page Page 1907--------.... -------- 854- 855 1922--------------------2228-2231 1909 939- 941 1923---------------------2077-2080 1912 1924---------------------2,061-2063 1---------------------331-1334 1916--------------------- 1827-1830 1925---------------------1982-1984 1918--------------------- 1967-1972 1926 ------ 944-1951 1----- 1920--------------------- 2069-2077 1927--------------------- 1966-1971 1921--------------------- 2105-2108 Project.-The existing project comprises the supervision and in- spection for the War Department of the diversion of water from Niagara River for power development, particularly with respect to the following licenses issued by the Federal Power Commission: License.-Project No. 16, the Niagara Falls Power Co., Niagara Flls,: N. Y., 50-year license, dated March 2, 1921; amended April 7, 1922, May 11, 1923, and December 13, 1926, authorizing the diversion of water for power purposes from the Niagara River above the Falls of Niagara, not exceeding in the aggregate a daily diversion at the rate of 19,725 cubic feet per second. License.-Project No. 15, Hydraulic Race Co., and associated com- panies, 50-year license, dated December 13, 1926, authorizing eleven power plants at or in the vicinity of Lockport, N. Y., and the diversion of water for use therein for power purposes from the Niagara River through the New York State Barge Canal, not exceeding in the aggregate a daily diversion at the rate of 275 cubic feet per second, the maximum diversion in any calendar day not to exceed said rate by more than 20 per cent thereof. The project includes also the maintenance of certain water gauges and accumulation of water-level records, as indicated previously herein. Operation during the fiscal year-The Niagara Falls Power Co.- Inspections were made by the district engineer as required and at least once every week by one of his representatives. The coinm- pany submitted daily reports of operation in prescribed form show- ing for each hour of the day the power output of each major por- tion of the plant, the number of machines in operation, the quantity of water consumed, and the quantity of water used for sluicing ice, or otherwise. The amount of water consumed in generating'electric energy was determined by computation from switchboard observations of the power output. The reduction factors used in these computations have been derived with great care from the results of tests and ex- periments conducted from time to time during the past 18 years either by employees of the United States or under their immediate supervision. The methods used since January, 1920, were approved by the Chief of Engineers January 19, 1920. (ED. 57243/4236.) The average diversion of water from Niagara River during the ,year by the Niagara Falls Power Co. and tenants was 19,627 cubic feet per second, a decrease of 7 in the average diversion for the preceding fiscal year, the maximum diversion at any one time being 2068. REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 23,644. The authorized diversion was, average, 19,725; maximum, 23,670. Hydraulic Race Co.-Several inspections were made by the dis- trict engineer and his assistants. Measurements of the diversion were made; they indicated that the average diversion has not ex- ceeded 275 cubic feet per second. Water levels of Niagara River.-The maintenance of self-register- ing water gauges and securing of records of water surface elevations at various points on the Niagara River in connection with the super- vision of water diversions by the power companies has been de- scribed heretofore in this report under the heading "Preservation of Niagara Falls." Financoia summary Allotments from the appropriation " Examinations, surveys, and con- tingencies of rivers-and harbors ": July 1, 1927, balance unexpended ----------------------- $3, 713. 88 Allotted this fiscal year-- ------------- ---------- --------- Amount available for current fiscal year __...- - 3, 713. 88 Amount expended during fiscal year ended June 30, 1928 --..--. 3, 199.27 - Balance unexpended at end of fiscal year- -___---____-_ 514.61 Outstanding liabilities at end of fiscal year - Balance available---------- --------------------------------- 514. 61 SUPERVISION AND INSPECTION FOR THE FEDERAL POWER COMMISSION Project.-The project pertains to the license (project No. 16;) to the Niagara Falls Power Co., and the license (project No. 15) to the Hydraulic Race Co., both mentioned previously. The duties to be performed include supervision and inspection for the Federal Power Commission of field operations and certain other matters. Operations during the fiscal year-License project No. 16:--The Niagara Falls Power Co.: The engineer officer in charge kept in close touch with the development under this license by correspond- ence with the company, by personal inspections, and by weekly inspections of assistants. Monthly progress reports were submitted to the Chief of Engineers. The permittee made steady progress on the construction of project works as follows: Niagara plant: No changes of importance have been made in this plant. The plant is now largely held in reserve, a few units being used intermittently- to help carry peak loads. Hydraulic plant: The project is substantially complete and in operation, the- last unit, No. 21, having been put in operation August 15, 1924. Dredging in the river is the only important item not yet complete. Work on this item is in progress. Favorable report was submitted April 2, 1928, on application of The Niagara Falls Power Co. for amendment of its license by in- creasing the 19,725 cubic feet per second now authorized to 20,0004 cubic feet per second, if and when the license to the Hydraulic Race Co. et al. shall be surrendered or revoked. License No. 15.-Issued December 13, 1926, to the Hydraulic. Race Co. and associated companies. The district engineer kept in touch with the operations of these companies. INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY WATERS 2069 Plants 4, 5, 9, and 11 were completed before the license was issued. Plants 3, 6, 8, and 10 existed when the license was issued but were to be remodeled. Plants 1 and 2 to be built new. The prescribed date of commencement was extended by the commission from June 13, 1927, to December 13, 1927. Excavation at the site of each new project contemplated ,under the license was started in a small way prior to December 13, 1927. On February 24, 1928, a petition was filed with the Federal Power Com- mission requesting authorization for the use by the Niagara Falls Power Co. of the 275 cubic feet per second covered by the Hydraulic Race Co. license, and for that purpose the cancellation of the license. On May 23, 1928, the Federal Power Commission sent to the Hy- draulic Race Co. et al. for signature, duplicate copies of an instru- ment providing for a surrender of the license, which was duly signed by the licensees. "The Federal Power: Commission accepted the sur- render on June 20, 1928. Final monthly report on this project was submitted June 30, 1928, Financialmaitters.-The work has been carried on very largely in connection with other duties against which were charged the services of assistants. The Federal Power Commission made an allotnient of $100 (No. 405) during the fiscal year to the district engineer. Buffalo, N. Y. Of this amount $75.10 was expended before the close of the fiscal year for nonpersonal services connected with this work, and the balance of the allotment ($24.90) was canceled. OPERATIONS OF THE NIAGARA. CONTROL BOARD FOR THE PURPOSES OF OBTAINING CLOSER COOPERATION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES 'AND OANADA' IN THE MATTER OF CON- TROLLING THE AMOUNT OF4 WATER DIVERTED FROM THE NIAGARA. RIVER FOR THE: GENERATION OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER In 1923 a board known as the Niagara Control Board was consti- tuted by the United States and Canada to measure and supervise the diversion of water from the Niagara River on both sides of the international boundary line. During the fiscal year J. T. Johnston, director of the Dominion Water Power and Reclamation Service, was the Canadian member. The United States was represented by Maj. DeWitt C. Jones, Corps of Engineers, United States Army. This board was enlarged in 1926 by the addition of two members- Dr. J. Horace McFarland being the additional American member and Dr. Charles Camsell the additional Canadian member. This enlarged board was constituted for the purpose of obtaining a joint presentation of engineering data in connection with scenic preserva- tion and other questions arising at Niagara Falls. Operations during the fiscal year.-Throughout the fiscal year the Niagara Control Board received a complete hourly record of the diversions at all plants. The work done during the fiscal year consisted of compiling gauge records, making photographs and certain computations and measure- ments in connection with the diversion of water for power purposes,, and the preservation of the scenic beauty of Niagara Falls. The enlarged board held frequent meetings for the purpose of formulat- ing its report and discussing certain important details thereof. At the close of the fiscal year the enlarged board had practically com- 270 REPORT OI CifE1i OF ENGINEERS, 17. S. ARMY, 1928 pleted its final report on the preservation of the scenic beauty of Niagara Falls, and the report will be submitted early in the next fiscal year. OPERATIONS OF THE BOARD ~OF CONTROLTO CONTROL THE OPERATION OF THE ST. w'AIR&DWORBII T7 ERST. 'AWRE NCE RIVER NEAR MA8SENA, SLAWEENOB IMER POWG N.Y. Description.-On September 10, 1917 (ED-38786/65), a permit was issued to the St. Lawrence River Power Co., to place a submerged rock weir in the South Sault Channel of the St. Lawrence River, which was subsequently approved by the International Joint Com- mission. In connection therewith, the whole matter of the diversion of water through the Massena power canal was investigated and studied and a report thereon submitted in November, 1922. Application of the company for permission to continue to maintain the weir was considered formally at a hearing before the Inter- national Joint Commission held in Washington on December 5 and 6, 19g . Followigtehearrig aifurtherinterimn order of the commis- sion was issued extending the permit for the weir, but stipulating among other things certain new construction and providing for an international board of engineers, one representing Canada and one representing the United States, to pass upon and control the new and old works involved. Operations durinq the fiscal year.-The board kept in touch with the conditions obtaining with respect to the diversion, by means of monthly reports of the St. Lawrence River Power Co. showing the amount of water diverted and power-house performance from day to day. These records were reinforced by inspections of the weir and the impovements of the Cornwall Canal. The weir has been com- pleted to 200 feet above sea level and has been maintained in a manner which adequately meets the purpose for which it was de- signed. Under date of June 16, 1927, there was referred to the district engineer for report and recommendation an application dated June 1, 1927, by the St. Lawrence River Power Co. for a permit to raise the elevation of the said weir to 206 feet above sea level. Report was submitted July 20, 1927. A public hearing was held in Wash- ington on April 3, 1928, before the InternationalJoint Commission. Report was also submitted February 15, 1928, by the district engineer, on ice conditions in the St. Lawrence River in connection with the question of raising the weir. LAKE MEMPHREMAGOG 1. A petition was filed in 1920 by the city of Newport and the towns of Darby, Coventry, and Barton, all in Vermont, alleging that they had been injured by the raising of the level of Lake Mem- phremagog through the construction and operation of power plants on the Magog River in Canada, at the outlet of the lake. Upon the suggestion of the Dominion of Canada an engineer was designated by each of the respective Governments, forming an international board to consider the matter and submit a joint recommendation to each Government as to the level or levels at which Lake Memphrema- gog should, so far as possible, be maintained. INTERN4TIO AL BOUINDARY WATERS 207: 2. J. T. Johnston, director of Dominion" Water Power and Recla- mation Service, served as the Canadian member of the board during the year. The district engineer at Boston, Mass., served as the United States member. 3. Action upon the question of levels in this lake has been sus- pended for some time at the request of local interests to permit them to undertake certain negotiations. LAKE OF THE WOODS, MINN. Location and description.-The Lake of the Woods is an irregu- larly shaped body of water 1,485 square miles in area, lying partly in northwestern Minnesota and partly in eastern Manitoba and west- ern Ontario, Canada. The southerly portion of the Lake of the- Woods is an expanse ,of relatively shallow oph water about 30 miles. wide, bordering on the United States side in Minnesota by low and generally swampy shores. Original condition.-The Lake of the Woods remained in its natu- ral condition until 1893, when the construction of the Rollerway Dam at the western outlet of the lake, near Kenora, Ontario, had the- effect of raising the natural level of the lake an average of 1.5 feet between 1893 and 1898. Under the authority of the government of" Ontario another dam, known as the Norman Dam, was built in the Winnipeg River, about 1 mile below the Rollerway Dam, between 1893 and 1895. This latter dam was placed in operation in 1898 and had the effect of raising the natural level of the lake an average of" about 31/2 feet during the years of 1898 to date. Existing project.-To carry into effect provisions of the conven- tion between the United States and Great Britain to regulate the- level of Lake of the Woods. This convention, concluded February 24, 1925, the act of Congress approved May 22, 1926, and an amenda- tory act approved April 18, 1928, provide as follows: (a) For the acquisition by purchase or condemnation of flowage easements up to elevation 1064, sea-level datum, upon all lands in the United States: bordering on the Lake of the Woods, on the Warroad River, and on Rainy River, all in the State of Minnesota. (b) For various protective works and measures as specified in article 8 of' the convention between the United States and Great Britain. (c) For the investigation and report of all claims: for damages caused prior to the acquisition of flowage easements to the inhabitants of the United States 'by fluctuation of the levels of the Lake of the Woods due to artificial obstruc- tions in the outlets of said lake. The act approved May 22, 1926, limited the time for presenting claims to November 21, 1926, and the amendatory act of April 18, 1928, extended the time limit to May 18, 1928. Operations and rests drin floal. c year.-A field force stationed at Warroad, Minen, was employed throughout the year in collecting data pertaining to the acquisition of flowage easements and in in- vestigating damage claims. Maps showing in outline all tracts and parcels affected by flowage were prepared and data relating to ease- ment values were compiled. Five hundred and twenty-two privately- owned tracts are involved, and of these, agreements for the sale of the required flowage easement were reached in but eight cases. Agree- ments could not be .reached in the remaining cases, and condemnation measures were instituted. 2072 REPORT OF OHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1928 Plans and specifications for the protection of the banks at the mouth of the Warroad River have been prepared. Funds to the amount of $275,000, contributed by the Canadian Government to pay the cost of acquiring flowage easements and. protective works and measures, were made available in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1927. The cost during the fiscal year was $22,229.63 for field and office expense and $2,834.35 for the purchase of easements, a total of $25,063.98, all for new work. The total expenditures during the fiscal year after deducting receipts from sales were $34,520.74. Field examinations were conducted on approximately 225 claims, and reports have been prepared and forwarded on a total of 119, of which 111 were presented under the act of May 22, 1926, and 8 under the act of April 18, 1928. The cost during the fiscal year was '$13,625.64, all for new work. The tatal expenditures during the fiscal year after deducting receipts from sales were $15,760.89. Condition at end of fiscal year.-It is estimated that the investiga- tion of claims presented under the above-mentioned acts is 60 per cent completed. Surveys and mapping in connection with flowage ease- ments and the compilation of data pertaining thereto are 85 per cent completed. The matter of acquiring flowage easements, except in those cases wherein agreement has been reached between the War Department and the owner, has been turned over to the Department of Justice, and a section of this office is working in cooperation with the special United States district attorney on these matters. The total cost of the existing project under " Protective works and measures" to the end of the fiscal, year was $26,154.60, all for new work. The total expenditures after deducting receipts from sales were $34,719.24. The total cost under "Investigation of claims" to the end of the fiscal year was $20,379.45, all for new work. The total expenditure after deducting receipts from sales was $21,207.39. Proposed operations.-(a) Protective works and measures, Lake of the Woods and Rainy River: It is proposed to complete the purchase of flowage easements in those cases where the purchase price has been agreed upon, to render assistance to the Department of Justice in obtaining remaining flowage easements by condemnation proceedings, and to survey those lands bordering the Rainy River lying below elevation 1064 sea-level datum. The construction of protective works and measures and the removal or protection of buildings injuriously affected by erosion will be commenced. The balance unexpended from funds contributed by the Canadian Government ($240,280.76) and the funds appropriated by the sec- ond deficiency act, fiscal year 1928 ($375,000), will be applied to the acquisition of flowage easements, construction of protective works and measures, surveys, and administration. It is believed that the available funds are sufficient to accomplish all work under the project and that no additional funds will be required. Inasmuch as expenditures are contingent to a large extent upon the action of the district Federal court, it is impractible to esti- mate the rate at which expenditures will be made or the date of the completion of the project. It is expected, however, that the provi- sions of the act and convention will be completed by July 17, 1930, the date of expiration of further participation by the Canadian Goverument in the cost of the project. INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY WATERS 2073 (b) Investigation of flowage damages, Lake of the Woods, Minn.: The balance unexpended from the allotments for investigation of claims will be applied to surveys, examinations, and administration in the investigation of claims for past damages as follows: 'Salaries of field force ______________ -$19, -_________________ 300.00 Travel expense ------- ---------------------- ------ 2, 000. 00 Administration and contingencies.___...... _______- - - - 2,492. 61 Total__ -------------------------------------------- 23, 792.61 The available funds will be expended at the rate of about $2,500 per month from July 1 to December 31, 1928, and will be exhausted by June '30, 1930. No additio al funds will be required. Cost and financial summary -FOR PURCHASE OF FLOWAGE EASEMENTS AND PROTECTIVE WORK AND MEASURES 'Cost of new work to June 30, 1928------------------ --------$26,.154.60 'Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1928 'Value 'of plant, materials, etc., on hand June 30, 1928 ___________ 9, 065. 07 Net total cost to June 30, 1928----------------------- 35, 219. 67 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1928------------------------ 500.43 Net total expenditures ----------- - - 34, 719. 24 Unexpended balance June 30, 1928 280. 76 6------------------------- 615, Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1928 50, 000.00 6-------------- Fiscal year ending June 30 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 ------------.....----------------------------------------------- $25, 063. Cost of new work............... 98 Cost of maintenance ----- ----..... -------- - ----.....- .... ... ____ Total expended. - --- ---- ------ - ---- $198. 50 34, 520. 74 Allotted-------------------- --------------------------------- 275, 000. 00 375, 000. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1927___--------------------------- $274, 801.50 Amount allotted from second deficiency act, fiscal year 1928, ap- proved May 29, 1928__________---_-- ________--__- - _ 375, 000. 00 Net amount to be accounted for---- 649, 801. 50 d(Gross amount expended______------------------------------- 34, 520. 74 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928__- -------------- - 615, 280. 76